New processor architectures are always going to fail to enter existing markets so long as closed source code is prevalent. Whatever advantages they have are lost once they're forced to emulate an x86 chip in order to run legacy code, the hardware ends up being perceived as slow even if the slowness is only due to emulation overhead, so this hurts sales and with low sales proprietary vendors won't port their code to the platform.
Alpha and IA64 made great linux servers, but they were always a small niche.
ARM is huge in embedded, and yet it's going very slow at making inroads into the server market even tho a large proportion of the server market is open source code that's already been compiled for ARM.
AMD had the lead for a while in the early days of the opteron, they introduced the 64bit architecture and were quite handily beating intel's p4 in benchmarks and power consumption, they also had the first dual core x86 chips, a faster memory controller and various other advantages.
One way or another population control is required, if not voluntary then it will be forced one way or another - either by government, by war, or simply by lack of food causing starvation. We have finite resources available, and a population level that is growing to the point that demand for food will outstrip our ability to produce food.
When a call comes in from a link to another telco your telco doesn't bill the end user, they bill the peering telco. Your local telco doesn't know or care which of the peering telco's customers originated the call, and the call could have come into that telco via another peering link. Each telco can only bill the lines which are directly connected to it, they in turn can bill along the chain until reaching the end customer.
CID is left to the carrier, with most telcos end user lines won't have the ability to set arbitrary CLI or will have that ability heavily filtered, but this system relies on trusting the carriers and clearly many such carriers can't be trusted.
How would they know the originating country? Telcos are not all directly connected, there are often intermediate telcos - and telcos which operate in multiple countries...
There are millions of possible phone numbers, and thanks to number portability and roaming you can't easily aggregate the numbers. You'd need to hold a huge database, and perform a lookup each time a call comes through to verify that it's coming in from a peering connection with the correct telco. You'd also need to keep track of intermediate telcos routing the calls between yourself and any other telcos to which you aren't directly connected, not to mention handling cases where an outage results in calls being routed a different way. You also need to cater to situations with legitimate spoofing of cli - eg when a company has lines from multiple suppliers but wants to present the same cli so the people they call can recognise it and call back.
And then you still need to trust the intermediate telcos not to spoof numbers belonging to their downstream peers...
It would be extremely expensive and difficult to implement, and a reduction in spam calls would also mean a reduction in revenue for the telco. The end result of this would be higher costs for end users.
If you're in the uk then 0845 is not local rate at all, it was always called "lo-call rate" and are actually extremely expensive to call from mobiles. From a landline their cost is based on what local rate calls cost in the 90s, today they are expensive even from landlines. Also the recipient of the call receives a kickback from the call charges, which is why so many companies use them. This actually gives them an incentive to waste your time on the phone for longer.
There is even a website called saynoto0870.com which was dedicated to finding alternates to 0845/0870 numbers for people who wanted to avoid the excessive call costs.
Phone companies already can, and in most cases do restrict your outbound CLI to a group of pre approved numbers. So although you might have 50 lines and technically each of those has its own number, you might also have 100 numbers but make most calls go out displaying the main switchboard number which is on all your advertising etc.
Actually filtering spoofed CLI is much harder due to number portability and roaming etc. Numbers aren't allocated in predictable prefixes to specific telcos, any number could be coming from any source location.
In many places, the 10% is either local branches of international companies which follow the rules set by their corporate HQ, or accidentally acquired legal copies (eg came preinstalled when purchasing hardware). In many countries everything is pirated especially in business, all your competitors will be running warez so unless you do the same you're going to be at a significant disadvantage due to your higher costs.
Selling software is a dying market and these publishers know it... They have to compete not only with open source, but also their own old versions. As you've pointed out, many people will go with an inferior product if its more convenient or cheaper. They make no money from you continuing to use an old version for years, and in most cases the new version doesn't offer any compelling features, or it's far more bloated and slower. The need to constantly introduce new features to keep people on the upgrade treadmill is also the primary cause of bloat.
Many programmers are willing to write code for free. Many companies are willing to give away code for free so that it helps sales of their hardware or services.
Well how many of the veterans actually involved would still be alive? Many were tried and executed, and a lot more were killed in action during the war itself. Also given that involvement in such activity is likely to result in your execution, how many do you think would actually admit to it?
Traditional energy sources are predicted to drop in value, as many things will have moved to using alternative energy sources. By 2035 i imagine fossil fuel cars will no longer be in production, with fuel being available as a niche for classic car enthusiasts.
So sure you might be able to buy gasoline cheaply, but it won't be of any use to most people. Most industry similarly will have moved on to newer sources of energy.
Which is no worse than a website using SSL, and still an improvement over the unencrypted situation where anyone can spoof and decode the email. The CAs just provide a way to provide some level of verification, if you want a better level of verification for an important contact you're free to exchange public keys in a different way.
There is a secure version of email - S/MIME, which uses the same certificates system as SSL and is supported by default by virtually every mail client... Phonecalls are not secure, they are easily intercepted. Most of these third party "secure email" systems are terrible, every company you deal with has their own different and incompatible system, the initial signup (and usually password resets) is done from a link sent to you by unencrypted email so if someone can read your unencrypted email they can access your "secure" one, and it sends an email encouraging users to click on links so it makes users more likely to fall for phishing scams.
I don't like phonecalls because they disrupt what you're doing... A text message or email sits in the inbox until you are free to deal with it.
I unfortunately deal with many people who insist on phonecalls, often for really stupid things like just repeating exactly the same thing i've already said on email, or to ask me questions which i don't have the answer for and am only able to say "i'll look that up and email you the answer", they usually wont even give me a list of questions in advance of the call so i can ensure i have the information to hand so it all ends up a colossal waste of everyone's time.
Not so much discovered more quickly, many bugs have remained for years undiscovered, although once discovered fixes are usually much quicker. The benefit is that everyone is at the same level - we all have equal access to the code.
If something is closed source, only a few have access to the code and most of them have goals which are contrary to yours. Also just because something is closed source doesn't mean the code isn't out there, it just means that acquiring it is illegal and/or difficult - criminals and governments will often have access to sourcecode for things, while legitimate researchers don't. What are the chances that the NSA used windows source code to develop their eternalblue exploits?
My point about the purchase price was if you were to purchase them now... A 2017 A4 is only a year old and will still retain most of its value, a 2000 TT will be quite cheap at this point.
All else being equal a TT should be lighter than an A4 as you point out it's basically an A3, assuming the same year and equivalent drivetrain options... I would assume that a 2017 TT should weigh less than your A4.
A better comparison would be between a 2000 and 2017 TT...
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Or you could buy the 32core AMD chips which are already on the market?
New processor architectures are always going to fail to enter existing markets so long as closed source code is prevalent.
Whatever advantages they have are lost once they're forced to emulate an x86 chip in order to run legacy code, the hardware ends up being perceived as slow even if the slowness is only due to emulation overhead, so this hurts sales and with low sales proprietary vendors won't port their code to the platform.
Alpha and IA64 made great linux servers, but they were always a small niche.
ARM is huge in embedded, and yet it's going very slow at making inroads into the server market even tho a large proportion of the server market is open source code that's already been compiled for ARM.
AMD had the lead for a while in the early days of the opteron, they introduced the 64bit architecture and were quite handily beating intel's p4 in benchmarks and power consumption, they also had the first dual core x86 chips, a faster memory controller and various other advantages.
One way or another population control is required, if not voluntary then it will be forced one way or another - either by government, by war, or simply by lack of food causing starvation. We have finite resources available, and a population level that is growing to the point that demand for food will outstrip our ability to produce food.
When a call comes in from a link to another telco your telco doesn't bill the end user, they bill the peering telco. Your local telco doesn't know or care which of the peering telco's customers originated the call, and the call could have come into that telco via another peering link.
Each telco can only bill the lines which are directly connected to it, they in turn can bill along the chain until reaching the end customer.
CID is left to the carrier, with most telcos end user lines won't have the ability to set arbitrary CLI or will have that ability heavily filtered, but this system relies on trusting the carriers and clearly many such carriers can't be trusted.
How would they know the originating country?
Telcos are not all directly connected, there are often intermediate telcos - and telcos which operate in multiple countries...
There are millions of possible phone numbers, and thanks to number portability and roaming you can't easily aggregate the numbers. You'd need to hold a huge database, and perform a lookup each time a call comes through to verify that it's coming in from a peering connection with the correct telco. You'd also need to keep track of intermediate telcos routing the calls between yourself and any other telcos to which you aren't directly connected, not to mention handling cases where an outage results in calls being routed a different way.
You also need to cater to situations with legitimate spoofing of cli - eg when a company has lines from multiple suppliers but wants to present the same cli so the people they call can recognise it and call back.
And then you still need to trust the intermediate telcos not to spoof numbers belonging to their downstream peers...
It would be extremely expensive and difficult to implement, and a reduction in spam calls would also mean a reduction in revenue for the telco. The end result of this would be higher costs for end users.
If you're in the uk then 0845 is not local rate at all, it was always called "lo-call rate" and are actually extremely expensive to call from mobiles.
From a landline their cost is based on what local rate calls cost in the 90s, today they are expensive even from landlines.
Also the recipient of the call receives a kickback from the call charges, which is why so many companies use them. This actually gives them an incentive to waste your time on the phone for longer.
There is even a website called saynoto0870.com which was dedicated to finding alternates to 0845/0870 numbers for people who wanted to avoid the excessive call costs.
Phone companies already can, and in most cases do restrict your outbound CLI to a group of pre approved numbers. So although you might have 50 lines and technically each of those has its own number, you might also have 100 numbers but make most calls go out displaying the main switchboard number which is on all your advertising etc.
Actually filtering spoofed CLI is much harder due to number portability and roaming etc. Numbers aren't allocated in predictable prefixes to specific telcos, any number could be coming from any source location.
You can't pirate the support contract, which is what the price tag is for. You can get all the software for free without having to pirate it.
In many places, the 10% is either local branches of international companies which follow the rules set by their corporate HQ, or accidentally acquired legal copies (eg came preinstalled when purchasing hardware).
In many countries everything is pirated especially in business, all your competitors will be running warez so unless you do the same you're going to be at a significant disadvantage due to your higher costs.
Selling software is a dying market and these publishers know it...
They have to compete not only with open source, but also their own old versions. As you've pointed out, many people will go with an inferior product if its more convenient or cheaper.
They make no money from you continuing to use an old version for years, and in most cases the new version doesn't offer any compelling features, or it's far more bloated and slower.
The need to constantly introduce new features to keep people on the upgrade treadmill is also the primary cause of bloat.
Many programmers are willing to write code for free.
Many companies are willing to give away code for free so that it helps sales of their hardware or services.
A combination of several factors, increased use of open source, increased use of cloud, increased use of mobile devices...
Well how many of the veterans actually involved would still be alive? Many were tried and executed, and a lot more were killed in action during the war itself.
Also given that involvement in such activity is likely to result in your execution, how many do you think would actually admit to it?
Current batteries are also dangerous, there have been numerous cases of lithium batteries exploding.
Traditional energy sources are predicted to drop in value, as many things will have moved to using alternative energy sources. By 2035 i imagine fossil fuel cars will no longer be in production, with fuel being available as a niche for classic car enthusiasts.
So sure you might be able to buy gasoline cheaply, but it won't be of any use to most people. Most industry similarly will have moved on to newer sources of energy.
Which is no worse than a website using SSL, and still an improvement over the unencrypted situation where anyone can spoof and decode the email.
The CAs just provide a way to provide some level of verification, if you want a better level of verification for an important contact you're free to exchange public keys in a different way.
There is a secure version of email - S/MIME, which uses the same certificates system as SSL and is supported by default by virtually every mail client...
Phonecalls are not secure, they are easily intercepted.
Most of these third party "secure email" systems are terrible, every company you deal with has their own different and incompatible system, the initial signup (and usually password resets) is done from a link sent to you by unencrypted email so if someone can read your unencrypted email they can access your "secure" one, and it sends an email encouraging users to click on links so it makes users more likely to fall for phishing scams.
I don't like phonecalls because they disrupt what you're doing...
A text message or email sits in the inbox until you are free to deal with it.
I unfortunately deal with many people who insist on phonecalls, often for really stupid things like just repeating exactly the same thing i've already said on email, or to ask me questions which i don't have the answer for and am only able to say "i'll look that up and email you the answer", they usually wont even give me a list of questions in advance of the call so i can ensure i have the information to hand so it all ends up a colossal waste of everyone's time.
Not to mention roaming cellphones...
Number portability, roaming etc...
In most countries, inbound calls are always free (unless you're roaming abroad) so spam calls don't cost you anything but time...
Not so much discovered more quickly, many bugs have remained for years undiscovered, although once discovered fixes are usually much quicker. The benefit is that everyone is at the same level - we all have equal access to the code.
If something is closed source, only a few have access to the code and most of them have goals which are contrary to yours.
Also just because something is closed source doesn't mean the code isn't out there, it just means that acquiring it is illegal and/or difficult - criminals and governments will often have access to sourcecode for things, while legitimate researchers don't. What are the chances that the NSA used windows source code to develop their eternalblue exploits?
My point about the purchase price was if you were to purchase them now... A 2017 A4 is only a year old and will still retain most of its value, a 2000 TT will be quite cheap at this point.
All else being equal a TT should be lighter than an A4 as you point out it's basically an A3, assuming the same year and equivalent drivetrain options... I would assume that a 2017 TT should weigh less than your A4.
A better comparison would be between a 2000 and 2017 TT...