My point, and what I think the Cornell study is correctly accounting for, is that you need to
look at the whole process of making ethanol from start to finish rather than some previous study which might have just looked at the conversion of a particular crop into ethanol. If the Cornell methodology is not used for other energy sources it should be.
The end goal of ethanol is to power your vehicle. It makes no sense to disregard the fuel consumed in other parts of the ethanol production because that fuel could have been used to run vehicles instead of being wasted converting corn into fuel.
By your logic: A semi consumes X btus of oil and caries Y btus stored in corn. Y>X therefore ethonol is a net energy gain.
That's the exact opposite of my point, actually. Corn in a semi is not ethanol in a fuel tank and it doesn't magically appear inside semi-trailers. It takes energy/oil/fuel to implement those transformations - energy that could be used to run cars directly. I said the trip is a net energy gain because it netted america more energy than it expended, but there are other parts to the process that you have to account for to calculate the overall efficiency.
Note that the original article talks about the energy cost, not the dollar cost.
The energy cost is the ratio of energy put in to energy gained. The dollar cost will be affected by the market prices of ethanol from other sources, energy in general, and other factors.
By that methodology we should be measuring how much energy it takes to obtain hydrogen. Or the energy it takes to transport oil from the Mideast by tanker.
The inclusion of those factors is the correct thing to do. After all, the crops are not going to plant, water, harvest and process themselves. The same as the oil is not going to squirt out of the ground, flow over here and refine itself into fuel. If it did you'd be justified in ignoring these factors.
At this time fossil-fuel petroleum, for all its polluting side-effects, is still one of the more effective sources of energy in terms of energy expended to energy obtained, because we don't need to use any energy to make it.
Although a typical oil tanker consumes 1 million gallons of fuel to make the trip from the middle east it carries 25 million gallons of oil so, at the end, that makes the trip a net energy gain.
Actually "power" users can have the hardest time to switch because they have a lot of windows specific knowledge and are loathe to have to re-learn how to do the equivalents under other systems. They think they are computer experts already and do not see why they should learn a different way of doing things unless you can show them a clear benefit why they should make the effort to change.
There are other reasons why you might not be able to maintain a body in this state indefinitely. According to the article the body is at a temperature of 7 degrees Centigrade. Some (many?) microorganisms can still operate at that temperature. IANAB (I am not a biologist) but I think there is still potential for damage to happen to a body in this state. You might confidently be able to predict what normal body cells will do in this state but there will always be foreign organisms in your body that may cause problems. I think they would be difficult to screen out, because it takes just one.
Standard space craft solar cells do not really have an overheating problems in Earth orbit so I doubt this kind of a ring of cells would either. In space every direction except towards the Sun and the Earth is always much colder than the cell so the cell has plenty of scope for radiating its heat away even without any dedicated heat radiating panels.
Asteroids would be a much better potential source of silicon because getting that much mass into orbit would be a truly stupendous effort.
"4,833 megatonnes" is about a million times more mass than we have put into orbit thus far. OTOH finding an asteroid with 2 cubic kms of silicon should be quite easy, although getting it into earth orbit, even in pieces, would still require a lot of energy (much easier than launching it from earth though).
Except that DNA analysis requires a sample of the parchment to be destroyed. When you have a several-hundred-year-old document you cannot afford to remove a little bit off it each time you want to test its authenticity. And given that the sample could easily be contaminated by anyone who might have handled it you may need quite a large sample.
Note to moderators: insightful means "having insight, perceptive". The above comment does not qualify because most people would have noticed the patronising tone of attaching "my" this, "my" that to folders all over the place.
This is where the patent portfolio model breaks down. CSIRO is (AFAIK) a purely research organisation and therefore has no need to trade patents with others. It needs the revenues that the patents generate to fund further research instead. So when it holds a patent the big co's need this is what happens!
It is quite strange how in the US liberal seems to mean socialist when the original meaning of the word is "someone who has a very hands-off or permissive attitude."
Truly liberal philosophy revolves around leaving people alone to do what they please. Now if you do that eventually some will rise to great wealth and others will spend everything down to the last dime. This makes liberalism inherently distant from socialism.
I think strict gun control is a compromise of liberal principles - eg. the US founders believed in a right to bear arms as one of their core liberal values. Give people guns and as long as they use them lawfully liberals say A-OK!
Good news for putting solar cells on air and spacecraft but not terribly important for ground based solar power. For example, this could be a good time to redesign the solar powered flier, Helios
I think his claim should be heard. I'm not a regular eBay user but the way it is described their system works is certainly not the way I expect auction bidding to work.
If your bid is higher than any other bidder's then it should not be automatically raised simply because you have declared to the auctioneer (ie. eBay) that you are willing to go higher.
Saying you are prepared to pay more is NOT a bid only a declaration that you are prepared to make one if necessary.
warmest year in roughly 200 years
Where did you get that? Not from the original article I think. It is saying that 2005 could be the warmest year since direct temperature measurements began to be made world wide approx. 130 years ago. This doesn't automatically mean we missed warmer years shortly before then.
You could still have a problem with spelling out commercial domain names using non-native character sets, particularly when they are short. This is almost possible with paypal (except for the L) using the cyrillic character set.
the group tries to centralize all of the means of production. In other words, all productive activity is to be controlled and organized from one place, and production for individual benefit becomes illegal.
I think you are describing a monopoly.
Communism is not about monopolising control of means of production (although it usually does), but about putting production under "community control". Control by an exclusive group ie. a monopoly, can exist under a wide variety of political systems.
Slashdot Mirror
You need to specify the mass of the object you're applying your 5 Newtons to. The force of gravity is proportional to mass, don't forget.
The end goal of ethanol is to power your vehicle. It makes no sense to disregard the fuel consumed in other parts of the ethanol production because that fuel could have been used to run vehicles instead of being wasted converting corn into fuel.
By your logic: A semi consumes X btus of oil and caries Y btus stored in corn. Y>X therefore ethonol is a net energy gain.
That's the exact opposite of my point, actually. Corn in a semi is not ethanol in a fuel tank and it doesn't magically appear inside semi-trailers. It takes energy/oil/fuel to implement those transformations - energy that could be used to run cars directly. I said the trip is a net energy gain because it netted america more energy than it expended, but there are other parts to the process that you have to account for to calculate the overall efficiency.
The energy cost is the ratio of energy put in to energy gained. The dollar cost will be affected by the market prices of ethanol from other sources, energy in general, and other factors.
The inclusion of those factors is the correct thing to do. After all, the crops are not going to plant, water, harvest and process themselves. The same as the oil is not going to squirt out of the ground, flow over here and refine itself into fuel. If it did you'd be justified in ignoring these factors.
At this time fossil-fuel petroleum, for all its polluting side-effects, is still one of the more effective sources of energy in terms of energy expended to energy obtained, because we don't need to use any energy to make it. Although a typical oil tanker consumes 1 million gallons of fuel to make the trip from the middle east it carries 25 million gallons of oil so, at the end, that makes the trip a net energy gain.
Actually "power" users can have the hardest time to switch because they have a lot of windows specific knowledge and are loathe to have to re-learn how to do the equivalents under other systems. They think they are computer experts already and do not see why they should learn a different way of doing things unless you can show them a clear benefit why they should make the effort to change.
There are other reasons why you might not be able to maintain a body in this state indefinitely.
According to the article the body is at a temperature of 7 degrees Centigrade. Some (many?) microorganisms can still operate at that temperature.
IANAB (I am not a biologist) but I think there is still potential for damage to happen to a body in this state. You might confidently be able to predict what normal body cells will do in this state but there will always be foreign organisms in your body that may cause problems. I think they would be difficult to screen out, because it takes just one.
Standard space craft solar cells do not really have an overheating problems in Earth orbit so I doubt this kind of a ring of cells would either. In space every direction except towards the Sun and the Earth is always much colder than the cell so the cell has plenty of scope for radiating its heat away even without any dedicated heat radiating panels.
Asteroids would be a much better potential source of silicon because getting that much mass into orbit would be a truly stupendous effort. "4,833 megatonnes" is about a million times more mass than we have put into orbit thus far. OTOH finding an asteroid with 2 cubic kms of silicon should be quite easy, although getting it into earth orbit, even in pieces, would still require a lot of energy (much easier than launching it from earth though).
Except that DNA analysis requires a sample of the parchment to be destroyed. When you have a several-hundred-year-old document you cannot afford to remove a little bit off it each time you want to test its authenticity. And given that the sample could easily be contaminated by anyone who might have handled it you may need quite a large sample.
The new security systems in Longhorn are going to rename it appropriately in real-time upon intruder detection.
Note to moderators: insightful means "having insight, perceptive". The above comment does not qualify because most people would have noticed the patronising tone of attaching "my" this, "my" that to folders all over the place.
... and it's great for Microsoft to finally acknowledge that fact :)
His point, though, is about minor platforms. Love it or hate it, Windows does not fall into that category.
This is where the patent portfolio model breaks down. CSIRO is (AFAIK) a purely research organisation and therefore has no need to trade patents with others. It needs the revenues that the patents generate to fund further research instead. So when it holds a patent the big co's need this is what happens!
Anyone know?
Science is about HOW you go about discovering things not just about trying to explain things.
Truly liberal philosophy revolves around leaving people alone to do what they please. Now if you do that eventually some will rise to great wealth and others will spend everything down to the last dime. This makes liberalism inherently distant from socialism.
I think strict gun control is a compromise of liberal principles - eg. the US founders believed in a right to bear arms as one of their core liberal values. Give people guns and as long as they use them lawfully liberals say A-OK!
Good news for putting solar cells on air and spacecraft but not terribly important for ground based solar power. For example, this could be a good time to redesign the solar powered flier, Helios
"1111122222" == "Fri, 18 Mar 2005 05:03:42 GMT" !!!!!
Personally, I can't wait for this one:
"1234567890" == "Fri, 13 Feb 2009 23:31:30 GMT"
Its about someone not reading the rules carefully enough and assuming they work to his advantage more than they actually do.
I agree that people should understand the bidding process before bidding, though.
Would he get the item for £101 if he did not increase his maximum bid and there was no other bids over £100?
If your bid is higher than any other bidder's then it should not be automatically raised simply because you have declared to the auctioneer (ie. eBay) that you are willing to go higher.
Saying you are prepared to pay more is NOT a bid only a declaration that you are prepared to make one if necessary.
Where did you get that? Not from the original article I think. It is saying that 2005 could be the warmest year since direct temperature measurements began to be made world wide approx. 130 years ago. This doesn't automatically mean we missed warmer years shortly before then.
Here's a link to a graph of the temperature trends the above article is refering to: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/images/modules/climate/GCc limate1PICT3.gif
You could still have a problem with spelling out commercial domain names using non-native character sets, particularly when they are short. This is almost possible with paypal (except for the L) using the cyrillic character set.
I think you are describing a monopoly. Communism is not about monopolising control of means of production (although it usually does), but about putting production under "community control". Control by an exclusive group ie. a monopoly, can exist under a wide variety of political systems.