Modern x86 and Sun chips both use RISC cores. As far as x86 chips are concerned, the x86 instruction set is just a nice, compact bytecode. As x86 instructions come in, they are broken down to the CPU's internal RISC operations, called u-Ops by Intel, and ROPs by AMD. Instructions in x86 that are already very simple (register-to-register MOV) correspond to a single u-Op or ROP. Slightly more complex instructions correspond to two or three different u-Ops or ROPs. Even more complex instructions are handled in microcode.
When one talks about the IPC of x86 chips, one talks about how many u-Ops or ROPs get executed, not how many x86 instructions get executed. It just so happens that many of the instructions that are rather popular for benchmarks (integer and floating point arithmatic) happen to correspond directly to u-Ops or ROPs, so making the distinction isn't worthwhile.
Since IPC is defined in those terms, a Pentium 4 is measured to have terrible IPC. Its long-pipeline really hurts the number of instructions that get executed per cycle. Athlon chips are better (and the new Athlon 64 is very good), but on a whole, traditional "RISC" chips like the Alpha are measured to have better IPC.
As for memory bandwidth, you'll find that since both processors operate in terms of the underlying RISC-y memory model, both will have the same bandwidth needs. Modern x86 processors do *not* do operations in memory like their predecessors. An integer add where one operand is in memory will be broken down into a load from memory and a register-register add. The only difference at work is that RISC code (being fixed-length) is less compact that x86 code (being variable length) and that 64-bit machines have 64-bit pointers while 32-bit machines have 32-bit pointers. Both of these make it so that traditional "RISC" chips need slightly more memory bandwidth, but the difference is not huge.
Seagate's SCSI drivers are "high quality SCSI drives." Their IDE hardware might not be great, but their SCSI lineup is very good.
Before anyone out there can make a comment on Islam/Muslims, try reading the Koran/Sunna/Hadith. ---------- And? Try reading the Bible sometime. There is some crazy shit in there too. Specially around 2-Corinthians. I'm not even going to go into the Old Testament.
Then do a google news on "sharia" and see how enlightened Muslims are..... daily beheadings, women STONED to death, al la 3000 BC. ------------ Islam is the primary religion in a lot of backwards regions of the world, but its a corallation, not a causation. At their heyday, the Islamic cultures were the most advanced and progressive in the world at the time. In regions where people have been living mostly unchanged for hundreds of years (the countryside of many Islamic countries) its the cultural stagnation that is to blame, not the religion.
But hey, it's all ok, because they had a few math and science advantages over the west... they invented human rights... all sorts of propaganda will flow in response. -------- Its not propaganda. Read the Quran. Muslim women got the right to vote more than a thousand years before the 19th amendment was passed. Where the Bible stated that women got no inheritance if there were any male heirs, the Quran said that they'd get half as much as the male heirs (not quite fair, but commensurate with the fact that women were not the primary supporters of families at the time). Where the Bible treated divorced women as sinners, the Quran gave women the right to divorce their husbands at any time, for any reason. There is a lot of good stuff in there, if you care to read it.
but he was a great guy cuz he waited until she was 9 before consummating the marriage. --------- Mohammad in Islam is not analogous to Jesus in Christianity. He is not a model that Muslims are supposed to emulate, like Jesus is for Christianity. He is considered the messenger of God, and his role was to bring the message of Islam to the people. Muslims are to pay attention to the message, not the messanger.
Or that he separated the world into the world at peace (Islamic world) and the world FOREVER at war (non-Islamic world) and you'll realize we are in some crap here. --------- Kinda like how Christianity seperates the world into people who can go to heaven (Christians), and those who can't? At least Islam extends that to any Abramic religion.
Heh. I'm an American and I agree with the statement too (I made the original one). I think the parent poster meant that you won't get Americans in general to believe that statement. Having gone through the US school system, I can tell you that history teaching in general is just broken. They spend years learning about native Americans, but only touch on European history tangentially. Things get much better in advanced courses in European history, but those unfortunately are not required parts of the cirriculum.
Maybe on sheer performance it will be beaten by x86 however for crunching big data sets the UltraSparc is just more effecient. ---------- If by "efficient" you mean "more instructions per clock" than yes, UltraSPARC is more efficient. But workstation people really don't care about efficiency. They care about total instructions executed per second. And x86 machines have the upper hand here.
There are lots of advantages to Sun hardware generally, but this machine doesn't seem to have those:
- Sun machines usually have high-quality SCSI disk drives. This machine has a standard PC IDE drive. - Sun machines usually have support for many CPUs. This machine supports one. - Sun machines usually have insane memory bandwidth. This machine has less bandwidth than a P4. - Sun machines usually have extensive I/O capabilities. This machine has your standard 64/66 PCI slots.
Eh. I know lots of Arabs (I'm a Muslim) and I wouldn't say that they are quite liberal. I know lots of Southerners too (I live in Georgia) and I'd say that they are not very liberal either. They are, of course, good people, but they do have a conservative streak.
Actually, you're wrong. ULE is based on the O(1) scheduler, but has some extra stuff for interactivity. The page you pointed to was a patch to O(1) to add this extra interactivity stuff.
Pretty ugly you mean. I can't even tell a German woman from a man without a full physical. Same for a French woman and a gorilla. Dudes, get your bitches to shave their damn pits. Savages. ---------- I'd have to give the point to the European here. From what little time I've spent in Europe (mostly Amsterdam and Paris) I've noticed that the women are very hot. It helps that people there don't eat as much. There are many of women in the US that would be very good looking if they'd ease up on the pizza...
the USA is highly regarded as the cradle of modern democracy -------- That's a load of crock. Great Britain is the cradle of modern democracy. Ever since the early 1700s, the rule of Parliament has been supreme.
The model in the United States is a very nice refinement of the idea, but the British were a good way along the process before the US was ever founded.
That's not really representative. I was in Paris over the summer, and not only were the chicks hot (and not a lardo in sight, unlike Georgia!) but smelled very nice. I don't know how things are outside the city, though.
Heh. Not to mention that for a long time during the rule of Louis XIV, France had the most powerful military in the world. And then there was Napoleon, of course.
After using my Dell's 15" UXGA LCD, I can't go back to CRT's. With virtual desktops, I don't mind the loss in screen realestate, and I absolutely could not do without the super-sharp text 133dpi buys you. Now, if only desktop LCDs went that high!
Eh? OpenGL over the network actually works decently given link. Indeed, network transparency was a design criteria for OpenGL. But, if the link is very bandwidth limited, Cairo falls back to core-X rendering.
That's bull crap. Aside from the playing games, a SuSE, Mandrake, Xandros, or Lindows install will do that out of box, no tinkering necessary. Its only when you get to intermediate-level tasks (say, installing certain types of hardware) where Linux becomes less easy than Windows.
Eh? Americans, like every other country in the world, are in no place to get morally righteous about anything. Our country was founded in blood. To expand our country from one end of the continent to the other, we nearly destroyed an entire race of people. Our agricultural success was originally built on the backs of slaves. We didn't end slavery until half a century after old Europe ended it. We have continuously supported brutal regimes. We gave weapons and money to Saddam. We gave weapons and money to the Mujahideen in Afghanistan that would later become the Taliban. To this day, we support oppresive monarchies in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
People don't get pissed off at the US because they think the US is less moral than everyone else. Anybody that does is a hypocrite, because all the powerful countries have skeletons in their closets. On the balance of things, the US actually has a pretty decent track record, especially with respect to civil rights for minorities. People get mad at the US because it keeps doing things that other countries have stopped doing, and more importantly, many vocal Americans keep bragging about America's moral superiority.
So someone wearing a turban is more offensive than a demon? Something hanging on a cross is a definite religious symbol, but a demon is not necessarily a religious symbol, and a turban is just clothing.
Both macro and micro evolution operate on the same principles. During breeding, there are random changes to the genetic code. Since there are only a limited number of these changes, most of them manifest themselves as small modifications of existing traits. However, these random changes can easily create significantly different traits.
Eh? Where was this? All I remember was SCO making references to C header files like errno.h. These were *definitely* unimportant, because they contained mostly #define statements mapping standardized names to standardized numbers. Even the comments were right out of the POSIX standards!
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The comparison wasn't with the Opteron, but the P4 1.8GHz mentioned in the article.
-1: Outdated knowledge
Modern x86 and Sun chips both use RISC cores. As far as x86 chips are concerned, the x86 instruction set is just a nice, compact bytecode. As x86 instructions come in, they are broken down to the CPU's internal RISC operations, called u-Ops by Intel, and ROPs by AMD. Instructions in x86 that are already very simple (register-to-register MOV) correspond to a single u-Op or ROP. Slightly more complex instructions correspond to two or three different u-Ops or ROPs. Even more complex instructions are handled in microcode.
When one talks about the IPC of x86 chips, one talks about how many u-Ops or ROPs get executed, not how many x86 instructions get executed. It just so happens that many of the instructions that are rather popular for benchmarks (integer and floating point arithmatic) happen to correspond directly to u-Ops or ROPs, so making the distinction isn't worthwhile.
Since IPC is defined in those terms, a Pentium 4 is measured to have terrible IPC. Its long-pipeline really hurts the number of instructions that get executed per cycle. Athlon chips are better (and the new Athlon 64 is very good), but on a whole, traditional "RISC" chips like the Alpha are measured to have better IPC.
As for memory bandwidth, you'll find that since both processors operate in terms of the underlying RISC-y memory model, both will have the same bandwidth needs. Modern x86 processors do *not* do operations in memory like their predecessors. An integer add where one operand is in memory will be broken down into a load from memory and a register-register add. The only difference at work is that RISC code (being fixed-length) is less compact that x86 code (being variable length) and that 64-bit machines have 64-bit pointers while 32-bit machines have 32-bit pointers. Both of these make it so that traditional "RISC" chips need slightly more memory bandwidth, but the difference is not huge.
Seagate's SCSI drivers are "high quality SCSI drives." Their IDE hardware might not be great, but their SCSI lineup is very good.
Before anyone out there can make a comment on Islam/Muslims, try reading the Koran/Sunna/Hadith.
----------
And? Try reading the Bible sometime. There is some crazy shit in there too. Specially around 2-Corinthians. I'm not even going to go into the Old Testament.
Then do a google news on "sharia" and see how enlightened Muslims are..... daily beheadings, women STONED to death, al la 3000 BC.
------------
Islam is the primary religion in a lot of backwards regions of the world, but its a corallation, not a causation. At their heyday, the Islamic cultures were the most advanced and progressive in the world at the time. In regions where people have been living mostly unchanged for hundreds of years (the countryside of many Islamic countries) its the cultural stagnation that is to blame, not the religion.
But hey, it's all ok, because they had a few math and science advantages over the west... they invented human rights... all sorts of propaganda will flow in response.
--------
Its not propaganda. Read the Quran. Muslim women got the right to vote more than a thousand years before the 19th amendment was passed. Where the Bible stated that women got no inheritance if there were any male heirs, the Quran said that they'd get half as much as the male heirs (not quite fair, but commensurate with the fact that women were not the primary supporters of families at the time). Where the Bible treated divorced women as sinners, the Quran gave women the right to divorce their husbands at any time, for any reason. There is a lot of good stuff in there, if you care to read it.
but he was a great guy cuz he waited until she was 9 before consummating the marriage.
---------
Mohammad in Islam is not analogous to Jesus in Christianity. He is not a model that Muslims are supposed to emulate, like Jesus is for Christianity. He is considered the messenger of God, and his role was to bring the message of Islam to the people. Muslims are to pay attention to the message, not the messanger.
Or that he separated the world into the world at peace (Islamic world) and the world FOREVER at war (non-Islamic world) and you'll realize we are in some crap here.
---------
Kinda like how Christianity seperates the world into people who can go to heaven (Christians), and those who can't? At least Islam extends that to any Abramic religion.
I second that, because I don't have back hair...
People with back hair scare me.
Heh. I'm an American and I agree with the statement too (I made the original one). I think the parent poster meant that you won't get Americans in general to believe that statement. Having gone through the US school system, I can tell you that history teaching in general is just broken. They spend years learning about native Americans, but only touch on European history tangentially. Things get much better in advanced courses in European history, but those unfortunately are not required parts of the cirriculum.
Maybe on sheer performance it will be beaten by x86 however for crunching big data sets the UltraSparc is just more effecient.
----------
If by "efficient" you mean "more instructions per clock" than yes, UltraSPARC is more efficient. But workstation people really don't care about efficiency. They care about total instructions executed per second. And x86 machines have the upper hand here.
There are lots of advantages to Sun hardware generally, but this machine doesn't seem to have those:
- Sun machines usually have high-quality SCSI disk drives. This machine has a standard PC IDE drive.
- Sun machines usually have support for many CPUs. This machine supports one.
- Sun machines usually have insane memory bandwidth. This machine has less bandwidth than a P4.
- Sun machines usually have extensive I/O capabilities. This machine has your standard 64/66 PCI slots.
Eh. I know lots of Arabs (I'm a Muslim) and I wouldn't say that they are quite liberal. I know lots of Southerners too (I live in Georgia) and I'd say that they are not very liberal either. They are, of course, good people, but they do have a conservative streak.
Actually, you're wrong. ULE is based on the O(1) scheduler, but has some extra stuff for interactivity. The page you pointed to was a patch to O(1) to add this extra interactivity stuff.
It's good! Our women are prettier
Pretty ugly you mean. I can't even tell a German woman from a man without a full physical. Same for a French woman and a gorilla. Dudes, get your bitches to shave their damn pits. Savages.
----------
I'd have to give the point to the European here. From what little time I've spent in Europe (mostly Amsterdam and Paris) I've noticed that the women are very hot. It helps that people there don't eat as much. There are many of women in the US that would be very good looking if they'd ease up on the pizza...
Hey, if guys have to put up with shaving their faces, I think girls should have to deal with shaving their armpits...
the USA is highly regarded as the cradle of modern democracy
--------
That's a load of crock. Great Britain is the cradle of modern democracy. Ever since the early 1700s, the rule of Parliament has been supreme.
The model in the United States is a very nice refinement of the idea, but the British were a good way along the process before the US was ever founded.
Don't you mean cherchez la vache?
That's not really representative. I was in Paris over the summer, and not only were the chicks hot (and not a lardo in sight, unlike Georgia!) but smelled very nice. I don't know how things are outside the city, though.
Heh. Not to mention that for a long time during the rule of Louis XIV, France had the most powerful military in the world. And then there was Napoleon, of course.
After using my Dell's 15" UXGA LCD, I can't go back to CRT's. With virtual desktops, I don't mind the loss in screen realestate, and I absolutely could not do without the super-sharp text 133dpi buys you. Now, if only desktop LCDs went that high!
Eh? OpenGL over the network actually works decently given link. Indeed, network transparency was a design criteria for OpenGL. But, if the link is very bandwidth limited, Cairo falls back to core-X rendering.
That's bull crap. Aside from the playing games, a SuSE, Mandrake, Xandros, or Lindows install will do that out of box, no tinkering necessary. Its only when you get to intermediate-level tasks (say, installing certain types of hardware) where Linux becomes less easy than Windows.
Eh? Americans, like every other country in the world, are in no place to get morally righteous about anything. Our country was founded in blood. To expand our country from one end of the continent to the other, we nearly destroyed an entire race of people. Our agricultural success was originally built on the backs of slaves. We didn't end slavery until half a century after old Europe ended it. We have continuously supported brutal regimes. We gave weapons and money to Saddam. We gave weapons and money to the Mujahideen in Afghanistan that would later become the Taliban. To this day, we support oppresive monarchies in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait.
People don't get pissed off at the US because they think the US is less moral than everyone else. Anybody that does is a hypocrite, because all the powerful countries have skeletons in their closets. On the balance of things, the US actually has a pretty decent track record, especially with respect to civil rights for minorities. People get mad at the US because it keeps doing things that other countries have stopped doing, and more importantly, many vocal Americans keep bragging about America's moral superiority.
So someone wearing a turban is more offensive than a demon? Something hanging on a cross is a definite religious symbol, but a demon is not necessarily a religious symbol, and a turban is just clothing.
Please never get into marketing. That's a clever idea, but very unappealing...
Heh. I know the feeling. I'm a rather liberal liberal, but I want to kill some of the people I see on TV "representing" our viewpoint...
Both macro and micro evolution operate on the same principles. During breeding, there are random changes to the genetic code. Since there are only a limited number of these changes, most of them manifest themselves as small modifications of existing traits. However, these random changes can easily create significantly different traits.
Eh? Where was this? All I remember was SCO making references to C header files like errno.h. These were *definitely* unimportant, because they contained mostly #define statements mapping standardized names to standardized numbers. Even the comments were right out of the POSIX standards!
The project was called Monterey. Merced was the code name for Itanium.
Heh. At the LAN parties that I've ever gone to, we play Starcraft and CounterStrike, both of which run fine on Linux :)