The superconductor is a type of organic salt placed on a silver substrate
I wonder how they test for superconductivity when placing this tiny conductor on a substrate of massive silver, known as the best conductor there is, excluding superconductors.
Took a weekend trip from Norway to Denmark, and to my surprise I got a big "STOP" screen when I visited pirate bay from the hotel wifi. The page had a reference to a judgment, and noted that my attempted violation of danish law and my IP address had *not* been recorded.
Not wanting to miss my favorite TV show, I changed my DNS to OpenDNS, then GoogleDNS, but still the same message. I expected this to be a simple DNS block, but they must have blocked off a segment of IP addresses. http://thejesperbay.dk/ did not add any workable solution.
Does anyone know of a workaround for this? Seems like Chinese and Iranian people should be able to help me out here.
"Newegg is aware of a shipping error that occurred with certain recent orders of the Intel Core i7-920 CPU. After investigating the issue internally it appears one of our long term partners mistakenly shipped a small number of demo boxes instead of functional units. Our customer service team has already begun proactively reaching out to the affected customers. In line with our commitment to ensure total customer satisfaction, we are doing everything in our power to resolve the issue as soon as possible and with the least amount of inconvenience to our customers."
Why would Intel make a demo box with multiple spelling errors like a poor chinese user manual, and include stapled blank paper and broken plastic parts, and then get it mixed up in the mfg. channel? NO CHANCE. PERIOD.
This is obviously corporate communication lies. I wonder why Newegg, with a large set of loyal customers feel the need to lie so blatantly to its customers. Do they think they are idiots, or is lying just accepted?
This is what Intel gets from assembling these boxes in Elbonia. The CPUs are $300, and the pay to the Elbonian packer is $0.17. You were hired from the mud farm, and told to put these little green squares with metal into a box with a plastic propeller in it. Now you discover that these squares you are handling is worth 1 full years salary, and your family is starving.
Maybe your even think the little squares you make will work just as fine as the original ones, and that the end user will not notice. Your cousin tiled his entire bathroom with all the extra P4, and to him, they where all the same. And for the fan, a little plastic toy is pretty much the same whether the car wheels spin around or not, as long as it looks fine.
People somehow seems not to connect who they vote for and what laws get threaded down over their head. You voted for the party (fill in republican *or* democrats) that promised to do this. Now they hired a bunch of RIAA lawyers to work in the justice department, and they file briefs in support of the RIAA. You watched the election where a lot of musicians, movie stars and attorneys donated a lot of money to the campaign, and were invited to the inauguration.
If you are upset the laws awards the RIAA with $150.000 if you breach their copyright on a $0.35 product, just shut up and kick your own ass. You are to blame.
Seems very impressive, but what is this phrase "postage stamp". Is this also part of some newfangled technology we may never see? I for on will probably be fine with good old email for a long time to come.
I live across the north sea from the datacenter in a place called Norway. Where this ice cold wind supposedly blows from, and it aint here. As has been well known since the vikings raided that part of England, the winds actually blows *from* England *to* Norway 95% of the time. And here in Norway, it is a warm wet wind blowing from England, and it dumps a lot of rain in western Norway. The result is that even at 61 deg north, the winters are mostly rain, not snow. And in the summers, the ocean temperature is higher than Santa Cruz, CA. Compare that to Anchorage, AK at same latitude!
First, The universe is, on a large scale uniform. That basically means the sky will look the same in any telescope: Black with white dots. That in itself in an important fact worth seeing, but quite boring.
Second, The images on Google Sky and other all star surveys have spoiled us, and we all expect spectacular full color images. What you actually see will never meet this. Expect some disappointment.
With expectations set, I would focus on what is not uniform: First tie it all in with Google earth, and history from a geocentric to a heliocentric view. Look at what Galileo looked at from our moon to the Jovian moons, and how this changed mankind.
Look at some galaxies, and find one that looks like ours. Again combine with Google Sky.
Also use the telescope to look at our star, the sun: Aim the telescope at the sun, and project the image onto the wall. DO NOT LOOK INTO THE TELESCOPE. You should have a 2 meter diameter projection of our sun on the wall. Features like sunspots should be clear and sharp. Depending on time and class: 1. Use the 'scope and a green laser to measure distance to moon. 2. Measure redshift of nearby galaxies see http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-02Electricity-and-MagnetismSpring2002/VideoAndCaptions/detail/embed35.htmconvertingredshiftintoradialvelocity 3. Use as an accurate sextant, measure size of earth 4. Track IIS and satellites 5. Do a parallax calculation using some nearby stars. Picking good candidates are part of the exercise.
At 40Wm^-2, there is a field E=100V/m. As you say, it is certainly not ionizing radiation, but with sufficient field strenght, the effects can be just as bad. It is similar field strength to what you have in your car battery, and it will polarize molecules, and have effects on electrolytes. Structures in your head will also function as an antenna, and can focus the energy to higher levels in some areas. Polarized molecules resonate well at 2.4GHz. Water in your microwave certainly is effected by the field even if each photon has low energy.
Would you go around with 24V wired ear to ear? The DC voltage in the electric chair, as you know, has a photon enegy of 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 eV (do a fourier transform of a 2 minute puls) Again not ionizing by any measure, but it may create plasma. Not sure if RF is any better or worse than DC.
There is a huge difference between a cellphone and WiFi. First, a cellphone can transmit up to 5 Watts. I can actually hear noise induced in my computer speakers every 10 minutes if the cellphone is nearby when it does it automatic call-home.
WiFi is typically limited to 20mW.
Also, a cellphone is pressed against your head, while Wifi is usually 1 m away. With area of sphere = 4PiR^2, the Wifi will have an energy flux of 1mWm^-2, and a cellphone will have 40Wm^-2 or 30,000x that. You could use bluetooth to reduce your cellphone exposure
BTW, a microwave is allowed to leak 1Wm^2.
Bottom line, 1 hour of cellphone exposure = a lifetime with WiFi.
in the olden days, xx nm really meant feature size. With Intel and other fabs pressing mfg to half the size every 2 years, it seems mfg has gotten quite creative in their definition of feature size. Latest feature size is a fraction of the wavelength of the light used for patterning, and to achieve it, double and sometimes triple patterning is used. That is basically multiple exposures with slight offsets. The result migh be called 25nm but might really be 50nm, and edge sharpness when you are at 1/4lambda is so suspect that you really have to add some margins here and there, and some features dont really lend themselves to double and triple patterning, so you really have a mix including 50nm process for these.
Kind of like a marketing gimmic, just here it is engineering selling it as 25nm to their own marketing departmens.
The articles are basically void of any real physics. It refers to a design similar to a quantum tip tunneling microscope, and I actually built one of those, and you certainly have particles tunneling the vacuum barrier, hence the name tunneling.
Long time since I did this so maybe you help me with the calculations for the quantum capacitors. Trying to find materials with high permitivity and high dielectric strength, the best candiadates i could find was - barium titanate 5 MV/m, Er=10,000 - teflon 60 MV/m, Er=2.1 - SiO2 1000 MV/m, Er=3.9
Energy density for a cap is u=1/2*Er*E0*E^2, E0=8.85E-12 The best I could find was SiO2: u=1/2*3.4E-11*1E18=17MJ/m^3
These are insane densities already. 1 million volt across 1mm of insulation!
Sheet of SiO2 1mm thick, 1000m^2, and 1MV. C=34E-12*1000/.001=34uF, 34.5As at 1MV, so energy is 17MJ/m^3. Same energy for all thicknesses is 17MJ/m^3. The force on 34 Coloumb in a field=1GV/m is F=E*q=34GN or 34MPa (maybe 1/2 since the charge is on two plates)
With 62 GJ/m^3 you need unobtainium or similar material to resist 4 billion volts/mm and a pressure of 100GPa. That is similar to the pressure in the center of the earth, and it may turn carbon like nanotubes into instant diamonds.
It basically means that the energy difference between matter in the highest and lowest normal state, or enthalpy, has a hard limit. Entahlpy for 2H2+O2->2H2O is -242 kJ/mol. Here, mass of hydrogen is of course 1g/mol, so you get -242kJ/g.
C + O2-> CO2 has an entahlpy of -393 kJ/mol, but C is 12g/mol, so you get 32.75 kJ/g
There are long lists of enthalpy, and nothing gets close to hydrogen. Consider Carbon the best infrastructure to carry hydrogen in a liquid stable form.
(excluding gravity near black holes, relativistic speed and strong force (nuclear power), Anything else that tries to store this much energy in matter just tears it apart. Its a hard limit.
The very one we're talking about. The Roadster's motor can do 2/3rds of its peak output as sustained. And peak output does 0-60 in under 4 seconds.
Some of these motors are more or less experimental, and I could not find the numbers you claim. Can Roadster can perform at all in high power a car race where more than 10kW continuous power is required?
The Porsche engine I mentioned is actually tuned to 1,100h.p for racing, but then it only lasts 100 hours or so. That is 4kW/kg. The Prius has a Toyota Brushless AC NdFeB PM motor at 50kW and 183kg or 0.27 kW/kg. The best I could find was the Ford F150 HEV Brushless DC wheel hub motor at 2kW/kg.
Very small motors for RC cars like Himax HC6332-230 Brushless DC motor has 3.19kW/kg, but heat management does of course not scale.
For some reason it seems to be "established" that electric motors have better continous power to weight ratio. They do not.
You have missed some fundamental understanding of physics and chemistry. The chemical binding energy in matter is (simplified) from the electrical field around each individual atomic nucleus and its interaction with electrons including all chemical reactions. Regular springs as well as nano springs also use this field to store energy. Capacitors also use this field, but typically by introducing extra charge.
Not even close. For example, beryllium blows it away in both volumetric and gravimetric energy density (and hydrogen blows beryllium out of the water in gravimetric comparisons, but sucks at volumetric).
Hydrogen was included in TFA comparison.
No, it isn't. Nor is beryllium. Energy doesn't even have to be stored in chemical bonds (see, for example, digital quantum batteries).
Energy is still stored in the electrical field in matter. A quantum battery needs a lot of infrastructure to handle the forces, so at least 50% of the weight will be wasted. (compare to the weight of a clamp holding a spring.)
Try 4x in typical driving conditions.
No, A small VW diesel has up to 40% efficiency. An elelctric car may have 90%, but you can only use 60% of the battery without damaging it in a few cycles, so overall, 2x is conservative.
It doesn't need to. A motor the size of a watermelon propels the Tesla Roadster from 0-60 in under 4 seconds. In gasoline cars, the fuel is light and the engine is heavy. In EVs, the motor is light and the "fuel" (the battery pack) is heavy. It's a reversed paradigm. You have to compare the mass and volume of the engine + fuel to the mass and volume of motor + fuel. And with current battery tech, you'll find that EVs are about 1/4 to 1/3 of the way to matching gasoline cars. But batteries have increased nearly 5-fold in energy density the past 21 years, and show no signs of stopping.
You are partially correct. A brushless electric motor can have very high intermittent power density. maybe 10x of a gas engine. It is only limited by cooling. For continous power its power density is the same as a gas engine. Maybe a hybrid combination can beat either. It is actually quite complicated to cool an electric motor. Think 100kW power, and 10kW heat. That means liquid cooling with pumps. radiators, and a much bigger motor to accommodate water cooling. Find an electric motor that had higher energy density than a gas engine for continous output, and I will stand corrected, and learn something new. Here is a 220kg gas engine rated for 200kW continuous and 330kW peak: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_993#Turbo_S
All rocket fuels and explosives are much worse. Typically 10% of gas. This is mostly due to the fact that these fuels must include the oxidizer, i.e. oxygen. But even excluding that, they are worse than gas. TNT, one of the best explosives, have 8MJ/kg, the same as household garbage. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density/
Gasoline at 50MJ/kg is pretty much the most dense energy storage possible in this universe excluding nuclear energy. (Hydrogen is 150MJ/kg, and might beat gas, but it needs to be in liquid form. Same range anyway) It exclude the weigh of the oxygen as well.
This is kind of a fundamental limit as to how much energy can be stored in *any* system using potential energy of the electric field of matter. That includes (nano)springs, batteries and small flywheels (flywheels bigger than the earth with relativistic speed could exceed this limit)
You may get 2x better efficiency in an electric motor, but I can not see how a battery can approach this value. A gas tank probably weighs 5% of the fuel it holds, and to build a battery where all infrastructure to support the (very) active material only weighs a few percent of the battery wold be very hard even if you find such a chemistry.
The problem with intelligent civilizations is that a few decades after they achieve a technological level where they can make powerful radios to talk to galactic neighbors, they also invariably build particle accelerators. These accelerators soon make micro black holes that eat up the planet and the not-so-intelligent civilization with it. Only 0.1% of intelligent civilizations survive by colonizing a nearby planet before the particle accelerator is turned on.
So instead of finding a strong community of star systems in a 50 lightyear radius, we will probably have to look 500 l.y. away and wait 1000 years with the hadron collider turned off.
I thing you misunderstand how GPS works. A phone GPS works globally. No phone service, but the GPS works. I have crossed remote mountain ranges, and sailed the arctic ocean. Perfect GPS reception.
Slashdot Mirror
The superconductor is a type of organic salt placed on a silver substrate
I wonder how they test for superconductivity when placing this tiny conductor on a substrate of massive silver, known as the best conductor there is, excluding superconductors.
Took a weekend trip from Norway to Denmark, and to my surprise I got a big "STOP" screen when I visited pirate bay from the hotel wifi. The page had a reference to a judgment, and noted that my attempted violation of danish law and my IP address had *not* been recorded.
Not wanting to miss my favorite TV show, I changed my DNS to OpenDNS, then GoogleDNS, but still the same message. I expected this to be a simple DNS block, but they must have blocked off a segment of IP addresses. http://thejesperbay.dk/ did not add any workable solution.
Does anyone know of a workaround for this? Seems like Chinese and Iranian people should be able to help me out here.
Good thing Norway is still open.
"Newegg is aware of a shipping error that occurred with certain recent orders of the Intel Core i7-920 CPU. After investigating the issue internally it appears one of our long term partners mistakenly shipped a small number of demo boxes instead of functional units. Our customer service team has already begun proactively reaching out to the affected customers. In line with our commitment to ensure total customer satisfaction, we are doing everything in our power to resolve the issue as soon as possible and with the least amount of inconvenience to our customers."
Why would Intel make a demo box with multiple spelling errors like a poor chinese user manual, and include stapled blank paper and broken plastic parts, and then get it mixed up in the mfg. channel? NO CHANCE. PERIOD.
This is obviously corporate communication lies. I wonder why Newegg, with a large set of loyal customers feel the need to lie so blatantly to its customers. Do they think they are idiots, or is lying just accepted?
This is what Intel gets from assembling these boxes in Elbonia. The CPUs are $300, and the pay to the Elbonian packer is $0.17. You were hired from the mud farm, and told to put these little green squares with metal into a box with a plastic propeller in it. Now you discover that these squares you are handling is worth 1 full years salary, and your family is starving.
Maybe your even think the little squares you make will work just as fine as the original ones, and that the end user will not notice. Your cousin tiled his entire bathroom with all the extra P4, and to him, they where all the same. And for the fan, a little plastic toy is pretty much the same whether the car wheels spin around or not, as long as it looks fine.
People somehow seems not to connect who they vote for and what laws get threaded down over their head. You voted for the party (fill in republican *or* democrats) that promised to do this. Now they hired a bunch of RIAA lawyers to work in the justice department, and they file briefs in support of the RIAA. You watched the election where a lot of musicians, movie stars and attorneys donated a lot of money to the campaign, and were invited to the inauguration.
If you are upset the laws awards the RIAA with $150.000 if you breach their copyright on a $0.35 product, just shut up and kick your own ass. You are to blame.
Wake up and press the red button.
Seems very impressive, but what is this phrase "postage stamp". Is this also part of some newfangled technology we may never see? I for on will probably be fine with good old email for a long time to come.
I live across the north sea from the datacenter in a place called Norway. Where this ice cold wind supposedly blows from, and it aint here. As has been well known since the vikings raided that part of England, the winds actually blows *from* England *to* Norway 95% of the time. And here in Norway, it is a warm wet wind blowing from England, and it dumps a lot of rain in western Norway. The result is that even at 61 deg north, the winters are mostly rain, not snow. And in the summers, the ocean temperature is higher than Santa Cruz, CA. Compare that to Anchorage, AK at same latitude!
typo in link
http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-02Electricity-and-MagnetismSpring2002/VideoAndCaptions/detail/embed35.htm @ 8 min 40 seconds
First, The universe is, on a large scale uniform. That basically means the sky will look the same in any telescope: Black with white dots. That in itself in an important fact worth seeing, but quite boring.
Second, The images on Google Sky and other all star surveys have spoiled us, and we all expect spectacular full color images. What you actually see will never meet this. Expect some disappointment.
With expectations set, I would focus on what is not uniform: First tie it all in with Google earth, and history from a geocentric to a heliocentric view. Look at what Galileo looked at from our moon to the Jovian moons, and how this changed mankind.
Look at some galaxies, and find one that looks like ours. Again combine with Google Sky.
Also use the telescope to look at our star, the sun: Aim the telescope at the sun, and project the image onto the wall. DO NOT LOOK INTO THE TELESCOPE. You should have a 2 meter diameter projection of our sun on the wall. Features like sunspots should be clear and sharp.
Depending on time and class:
1. Use the 'scope and a green laser to measure distance to moon.
2. Measure redshift of nearby galaxies see http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-02Electricity-and-MagnetismSpring2002/VideoAndCaptions/detail/embed35.htmconvertingredshiftintoradialvelocity
3. Use as an accurate sextant, measure size of earth
4. Track IIS and satellites
5. Do a parallax calculation using some nearby stars. Picking good candidates are part of the exercise.
At 40Wm^-2, there is a field E=100V/m. As you say, it is certainly not ionizing radiation, but with sufficient field strenght, the effects can be just as bad. It is similar field strength to what you have in your car battery, and it will polarize molecules, and have effects on electrolytes. Structures in your head will also function as an antenna, and can focus the energy to higher levels in some areas. Polarized molecules resonate well at 2.4GHz. Water in your microwave certainly is effected by the field even if each photon has low energy.
Would you go around with 24V wired ear to ear? The DC voltage in the electric chair, as you know, has a photon enegy of 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 eV (do a fourier transform of a 2 minute puls) Again not ionizing by any measure, but it may create plasma. Not sure if RF is any better or worse than DC.
There is a huge difference between a cellphone and WiFi. First, a cellphone can transmit up to 5 Watts. I can actually hear noise induced in my computer speakers every 10 minutes if the cellphone is nearby when it does it automatic call-home.
WiFi is typically limited to 20mW.
Also, a cellphone is pressed against your head, while Wifi is usually 1 m away. With area of sphere = 4PiR^2, the Wifi will have an energy flux of 1mWm^-2, and a cellphone will have 40Wm^-2 or 30,000x that. You could use bluetooth to reduce your cellphone exposure
BTW, a microwave is allowed to leak 1Wm^2.
Bottom line, 1 hour of cellphone exposure = a lifetime with WiFi.
in the olden days, xx nm really meant feature size. With Intel and other fabs pressing mfg to half the size every 2 years, it seems mfg has gotten quite creative in their definition of feature size. Latest feature size is a fraction of the wavelength of the light used for patterning, and to achieve it, double and sometimes triple patterning is used. That is basically multiple exposures with slight offsets. The result migh be called 25nm but might really be 50nm, and edge sharpness when you are at 1/4lambda is so suspect that you really have to add some margins here and there, and some features dont really lend themselves to double and triple patterning, so you really have a mix including 50nm process for these.
Kind of like a marketing gimmic, just here it is engineering selling it as 25nm to their own marketing departmens.
The articles are basically void of any real physics. It refers to a design similar to a quantum tip tunneling microscope, and I actually built one of those, and you certainly have particles tunneling the vacuum barrier, hence the name tunneling.
Long time since I did this so maybe you help me with the calculations for the quantum capacitors.
Trying to find materials with high permitivity and high dielectric strength, the best candiadates i could find was
- barium titanate 5 MV/m, Er=10,000
- teflon 60 MV/m, Er=2.1
- SiO2 1000 MV/m, Er=3.9
Energy density for a cap is u=1/2*Er*E0*E^2, E0=8.85E-12
The best I could find was SiO2: u=1/2*3.4E-11*1E18=17MJ/m^3
These are insane densities already. 1 million volt across 1mm of insulation!
Sheet of SiO2 1mm thick, 1000m^2, and 1MV. C=34E-12*1000/.001=34uF, 34.5As at 1MV, so energy is 17MJ/m^3.
Same energy for all thicknesses is 17MJ/m^3.
The force on 34 Coloumb in a field=1GV/m is F=E*q=34GN or 34MPa (maybe 1/2 since the charge is on two plates)
With 62 GJ/m^3 you need unobtainium or similar material to resist 4 billion volts/mm and a pressure of 100GPa. That is similar to the pressure in the center of the earth, and it may turn carbon like nanotubes into instant diamonds.
It basically means that the energy difference between matter in the highest and lowest normal state, or enthalpy, has a hard limit. Entahlpy for 2H2+O2->2H2O is -242 kJ/mol. Here, mass of hydrogen is of course 1g/mol, so you get -242kJ/g.
C + O2-> CO2 has an entahlpy of -393 kJ/mol, but C is 12g/mol, so you get 32.75 kJ/g
There are long lists of enthalpy, and nothing gets close to hydrogen. Consider Carbon the best infrastructure to carry hydrogen in a liquid stable form.
(excluding gravity near black holes, relativistic speed and strong force (nuclear power), Anything else that tries to store this much energy in matter just tears it apart. Its a hard limit.
The very one we're talking about. The Roadster's motor can do 2/3rds of its peak output as sustained. And peak output does 0-60 in under 4 seconds.
Some of these motors are more or less experimental, and I could not find the numbers you claim. Can Roadster can perform at all in high power a car race where more than 10kW continuous power is required?
The Porsche engine I mentioned is actually tuned to 1,100h.p for racing, but then it only lasts 100 hours or so. That is 4kW/kg. The Prius has a Toyota Brushless AC NdFeB PM motor at 50kW and 183kg or 0.27 kW/kg. The best I could find was the Ford F150 HEV Brushless DC wheel hub motor at 2kW/kg.
Very small motors for RC cars like Himax HC6332-230 Brushless DC motor has 3.19kW/kg, but heat management does of course not scale.
For some reason it seems to be "established" that electric motors have better continous power to weight ratio. They do not.
You have missed some fundamental understanding of physics and chemistry. The chemical binding energy in matter is (simplified) from the electrical field around each individual atomic nucleus and its interaction with electrons including all chemical reactions. Regular springs as well as nano springs also use this field to store energy. Capacitors also use this field, but typically by introducing extra charge.
Not even close. For example, beryllium blows it away in both volumetric and gravimetric energy density (and hydrogen blows beryllium out of the water in gravimetric comparisons, but sucks at volumetric).
Hydrogen was included in TFA comparison.
No, it isn't. Nor is beryllium. Energy doesn't even have to be stored in chemical bonds (see, for example, digital quantum batteries).
Energy is still stored in the electrical field in matter. A quantum battery needs a lot of infrastructure to handle the forces, so at least 50% of the weight will be wasted. (compare to the weight of a clamp holding a spring.)
Try 4x in typical driving conditions.
No, A small VW diesel has up to 40% efficiency. An elelctric car may have 90%, but you can only use 60% of the battery without damaging it in a few cycles, so overall, 2x is conservative.
It doesn't need to. A motor the size of a watermelon propels the Tesla Roadster from 0-60 in under 4 seconds. In gasoline cars, the fuel is light and the engine is heavy. In EVs, the motor is light and the "fuel" (the battery pack) is heavy. It's a reversed paradigm. You have to compare the mass and volume of the engine + fuel to the mass and volume of motor + fuel. And with current battery tech, you'll find that EVs are about 1/4 to 1/3 of the way to matching gasoline cars. But batteries have increased nearly 5-fold in energy density the past 21 years, and show no signs of stopping.
You are partially correct. A brushless electric motor can have very high intermittent power density. maybe 10x of a gas engine. It is only limited by cooling. For continous power its power density is the same as a gas engine. Maybe a hybrid combination can beat either. It is actually quite complicated to cool an electric motor. Think 100kW power, and 10kW heat. That means liquid cooling with pumps. radiators, and a much bigger motor to accommodate water cooling. Find an electric motor that had higher energy density than a gas engine for continous output, and I will stand corrected, and learn something new.
Here is a 220kg gas engine rated for 200kW continuous and 330kW peak: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsche_993#Turbo_S
All rocket fuels and explosives are much worse. Typically 10% of gas. This is mostly due to the fact that these fuels must include the oxidizer, i.e. oxygen. But even excluding that, they are worse than gas. TNT, one of the best explosives, have 8MJ/kg, the same as household garbage. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_density/
Gasoline at 50MJ/kg is pretty much the most dense energy storage possible in this universe excluding nuclear energy. (Hydrogen is 150MJ/kg, and might beat gas, but it needs to be in liquid form. Same range anyway) It exclude the weigh of the oxygen as well.
This is kind of a fundamental limit as to how much energy can be stored in *any* system using potential energy of the electric field of matter. That includes (nano)springs, batteries and small flywheels (flywheels bigger than the earth with relativistic speed could exceed this limit)
You may get 2x better efficiency in an electric motor, but I can not see how a battery can approach this value. A gas tank probably weighs 5% of the fuel it holds, and to build a battery where all infrastructure to support the (very) active material only weighs a few percent of the battery wold be very hard even if you find such a chemistry.
I wonder why the headline isn't
Uranus and Neptune May Have "Oceans of melted coal"
"diamond" is by definition a solid crystalline form of carbon. If you melt it, it is by definition not diamond anymore.
The problem with intelligent civilizations is that a few decades after they achieve a technological level where they can make powerful radios to talk to galactic neighbors, they also invariably build particle accelerators. These accelerators soon make micro black holes that eat up the planet and the not-so-intelligent civilization with it. Only 0.1% of intelligent civilizations survive by colonizing a nearby planet before the particle accelerator is turned on.
So instead of finding a strong community of star systems in a 50 lightyear radius, we will probably have to look 500 l.y. away and wait 1000 years with the hadron collider turned off.
It appears that the big countries, like china, and india shows up with more hits than the small countires like angola and cuba.
I wonder what that can mean? Is it similar to the statistical fact that most truck accidents happen in US made trucks?
In the latter, until you factor in that 95% of US trucks are made in the US, you have only meaningless statistics.
It seems that current incarnation of this analysis tool suffers the same flaw.
finally a magnetic tape that will allow me to record blu-ray movies on my VHS cassettes with full 1080p.
I thing you misunderstand how GPS works. A phone GPS works globally. No phone service, but the GPS works. I have crossed remote mountain ranges, and sailed the arctic ocean. Perfect GPS reception.