Perhaps a little offtopic, but stopping apoptosis may be useful to prevent systemic self-dectruction of cells during reperfusion of heart attack victims or other victims deprived of oxygen - allowing people to recovery from being deprived of oxygen for an hour. . To Treat the Dead -- http://www.newsweek.com/id/35045%5D . Currently they use a hypothermia protocol to reduce the damage done during reperfusion. http://www.med.upenn.edu/resuscitation/hypothermia/
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software on running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).
[Disclaimer: I've no experience implementing these ideas. They are based on comments from mate who developed a small utility with a delayed nag as the only "protection". There is a delay of about four months between download and sales graphs, but he has a reasonable conversion rate.] . What about like the delayed start timer reminders like WinZip used to have. Have only one full-version binary distributable. During the demo period there are no nags. After the demo period expires, during startup have a timer that delays the start - with a message about the demo expiring. Perhaps here ask for feedback from people of their first impressions - link to a subforum discussion site. As time goes on, the delay timer gets longer. . Getting good feedback can be difficult and may be worth something to you. Possibly for good feedback, have a method to extend their demo period. If you respond well to them and develop a conversation and rapport, then you have more chance of converting a sale. Also you get feedback from beginning users not just expert users. First impressions count so you need to cater to both. For selected demo users, perhaps their writing a blog entry of how they are using it (not just a review) may also extend their demo period. . Make the demo longish, and perhaps based on operational time, not just date periods. Busy users (ie professional - your best authorative bloggers and potential payers) may download it to try, but them be distracted for a while before they have a project to use it on. You want users to have time for it to become "part of their process" before the nags start. . The nags can include a startup dialog, a status bar being replaced at random intervals by one cycle of a ticker. The nags and/or product cost shouldn't be so intrusive that its easier reinstall or upgrade to the next version However after an extended period of time have a modal alert discussing your distribution philosophy might appear. Use humour, you want them onside. Then this model alert might now shut down the program - with a gracious option to delay the shutdown (for a decreasing amounts of time). This however is fine balance. . The nag delay screens should show an accumulation of delays. Get the user to enter their payrate so that the cost of the nags is apparent to them. When it comes to a business decision, that can be overlooked. After an extended period the program might shut down at intervals - but provide plenty of . During you can build in some usability statistics gathering that is only acctive during the demo period. At the least would want to get an idea of when the nags become too onerous and people unistall your software. You might also get an idea of where new users go wrong. . anyway thats my 2.5 cents worth
(SFNDE = Short File Name Directory Entry) . Regarding the patent filed in 1993. . It seems that the aim is to implement a "different idea" than that expressed in Figure 6b. (free rego at freepatentsonline to see original PDF with figures) . What about all the references to "short filename including at most a maximum NUMBER OF CHARACTERS THAT IS PERMISSIBLE BY THE OPERATING SYSTEM." Is the Linux Operating System limited to a only of 8.3 characters? To that effect, why does this patent apply to Linux at all? . I can't quite remember my history, but weren't long filenames (LFN) introduced with Windows 95 in 1995? Wasn't Win95 just a GUI layer on top of DOS and so bound by the filename length contraint of the DOS "OPERATING SYSTEM"? Wasn't it actually the Win95 GUI that interpreted and displayed the LFN? Isn't Linux access to FAT different? . Even though the FAT filesystem was limited to 8.3 characters, don't you think that DOS was "hardcoded" to 8.3 characters. Thus it was a constraint of the "Operating System" that this patent was addressing. The Linux situation seems completely different. Linux does not have this constraint, thus the Linux "idea" for implemeting dual directory entries is different than the "idea" for Windows GUI on DOS as expressed in the given patent - ie thus the "idea" for Linux is compatability, whereas the "idea" for Windows was to get around the 8.3 constraint. . Fig 2 shows LFNDE alongside SFNDE. Is that required technically for compatability, or can they be stored apart? Alternatively ONLY create long filename, then have some sweeper task come along and create the short filenames from the long ones. . It talks about only creating a LFN when it is longer than 8.3. Well then, create a LFNDE "EVERY TIME". . The patent says "At a minimum, a short filename will be created." Have linux do it differently, at a minimum create both a long and a short filename. . The patent describes using "both SFN APIs and LFN APIs". Does linux have both or does it do it "differently" with just LFN APIs?
Not sure about the exact device naming but thats a pretty good summary. . Its worth pointing out that the funding for the project has apparently always been 10% of what was required, in order to keep it below the radar of the DOE - with the perception that the DOE career politics would have killed it off to protect their "investment" in ITER. Bussard has been slogging away at it for 20 years. The project was apparently killed only due to money being cut off to fund the Iraq war. . Off the top of my head I think it was WB6 that finally cracked it, with the result that "The physics has been proven, its now just an engineering problem." However the synchronicity of success at the last minute before the lights were turned off, that wasn't noticed until the data was analysed months later, was perhaps a bit suspect. Then Bussard died. . It has been the task of the well respected Dr Rick Nebel on sabatical from Los Almos Nataional Laboratory to confirm the WB6 results with WB7. With a news blackout back in force Dr Nebel has been very low key about the results but has said that "Results from WB7 have been positive and in line with expectations. There is nothing to indicate this wont work." This has been peer reviewed - but privately within the DoD. The DoD has provided continuing funding for the next round of experiments. . I find it interesting that Bussard as Assistant Director of the Atomic Energy Commission in the 1970s apaprently founded the Tokamak research project only as a means skimming some money to investigate a number of non-mainline nuclear ideas - of which the Polywell seems to have born fruit. http://www.geocities.com/jim_bowery/BussardsLetter.html . This google tech talk http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1996321846673788606 is quite interesting and was my introduction to the concept. The hopeful pundit in me finds it VERY INTERESTING that interest in ITER has seemed to wain as awareness of the Polywell results has increased - but perhaps thats just wishful thinking. . Whoops that turned out longer than I meant . Disclaimer: I'm just an interested bystander. All this is hear-say.
Not really answering the question, but I must concur with 4). I do the same. Sometimes interesting responses from the unsophisticated: + thats our email + is that a real address? + you can't use our address
Mention that this is your fifth choice and that the others were too expensive. Don't detail how much. Let them make an offer - counter offer low - negotiate. Be prepared to walk away. Have a real alternative ready - it helps your mindset.
What about some highly publicised antitrust countersuit.
Type of behaviour caught.. http://www.out-law.com/page-5811 "tying (i.e. stipulating that a buyer wishing to purchase one product must also purchase all or some of his requirements for a second product)."
Responding to my own post... Wow. My first troll rating. Sorry it came across like that. Its a personal experience from travelling north-west India in 2000, a reasonably large town - perhaps Ahmadabad. My mate's girlfriend had diarrhea and was in tears that it wasn't possible to walk from the entry to the toilet at the other side of the bathroom.
I didn't know how else to convey the image of it. Speaking to the locals, its a common occurance.
India was a great source of bizarre travel experiences - like our bus driver changing a flat tyre while parked on a hill, with a rock placed under the wheel on the up-hill side of the wheel - doh!
I haven't seen a river of shit, but I have seen a public bathroom at a bus station with turds all over the floor, and I mean ALL OVER.
Picture you local bus station bathroom. Draw a grid of 10cm squares. Start at the far end and lay a turd on every gridpoint. Awful! As I understand it, that is standard practice there.
Additionally, comparing cost of energy lost in wiring per year...
365 days * 24 hours = 8760 hours per year. Price of energy at $0.10/kWh. 0.845kW * 8760hours * 0.10 = $ 740 per year for 10A 3.300kW * 8760hours * 0.10 = $2890 per year for 50A
So for a large data centre its not about the ongoing cost of power losses in the wiring, its more the installation cost and minimising transformer power losses.
Substitute V = A * R into W = V * A to get equivalently:
W = A^2 * R or: W = V / R^2
This is the power lost as heat in the wiring. You can see that losses increase with the square of current, but only linearly with voltage. Its about losses in long wiring runs at 48VDC. Compare typical household 10A at 240VAC with 50A at 48VDC for 1km of wiring in a data centre. 10A requires 14AWG wiring which is 8.450 ohm/km with conductor area of 2.08mm2. 50A requires 6AWG wire which is 1.320 ohm/km with conductor area of 13.30mm2.
10A Wiring Power Loss = 10^2 * 8.45 = 845W 50A Wiring Power Loss = 50^2 * 1.32 = 3300W Ratio 3300/845 = 3.9
However, economic cost of install also needs to be considered. Ratio of conductor area: 13.3 / 2.08 = 6.4 times copper for 48VDC system, hence 6.4 times more expensive in materials to install. Add to this the significant additional labour labour of working with larger, heavier and stiffer cable.
Thats not insightful - its completely wrong about human nature. Not getting a converter box NOW doesn't hurt them NOW - ergo the lazy don't notice / don't care. Its human nature to put up with things until a breaking point is reached and then they go berserk. They will only react once their RIGHT to TV is taken away.
GP is correct - but how serious and how long it lasts remains to be seen.
Support for very early educational computer use
on
Computer For a Child?
·
· Score: 1
I don't have any advice on hardware choice, but there have been a lot of negative comments and I felt compelled to lend my support - from personal experience.
I remember my (10 years younger) brother playing Sticky Bear Alphabet on an Apple2e before the age of two. Hitting a letter on the keyboard cycled between two words for each letter - each with a simple animation. Within a short time he progressed from random bashing to being able to keep the state of each letter in memory - so that at ANY time you could walk up to him and ask him "what is the next picture for letter X" for every letter, and he would know. This was while he was still on the bottle and still in his first baby seat.
I attribute his early exposure to this educational game to have significantly advanced his language skills. One distinct memory I have is just before he started primary school - I knew he was reading very well but he being cocky about it - so thinking I would cut him down to size I asked him to read the legalese of the back of my driver's license - which he promptly did reading "The commissioner of police hearby grants the bearer..." - which took me quite by surprise. It was obvious he hadn't seen the larger words before but had fairly fluently just sounded them out as he went - and I thought to myself "oh my god, this year they are going to teach him how to spell CAT and DOG".
That is the downside. School bored him. In class he would zip through his worksheets and then assist his classmates - and get in trouble for talking/helping - which really discouraged him. A good teacher would have extended him, but generally the public school system is not set up to handle an anomally like that.
I directly attibute his early intelligence and confidence to the alphabet game he played as a toddler. He has always been very social and now at 25 is a teacher. Too much computer time could create other issues, but overall its been a positive benefit. You will need to pay attention to counter-balancing this with physical and social activities. I will be looking to do the same in a while with my (now 1 year old) baby girl.
Last year I did a course "Electronic Measurement" at USQ which dealt a lot with EMC compatability, PCB layout, noise resistance, etc - a lot of really non-obvious stuff until you read it.
From this I've ended up with bundle of very enlightning PDFs, some of which I'll list below. I'm not sure if these are what you are looking for, but they certainly match your price range. I recommend anyone every using an op-amp read at least the first one, which I found quite amazing - for illustrating the different return paths AC and DC take across a PCB. In general, search the application notes of the device maufacturers - particular Analog Devices.
+ AN-345 Grounding for Low-and-High-Frequency Circuits.pdf + EMI and Layout Fundamentals for Switched-Mode Circuits R.W. Erickson.pdf + AN202 An IC Amplifier Userâ(TM)s Guide to Decoupling, Grounding, and Making Things Go Right for a Change.pdf + A Designer's Guide to Instrumentation Amplifiers 3rd Edition (Kitchin & Counts, Analog Devices 2006).pdf + Reducing RFI Rectification Errors in In-Amp Circuits (Analog Devices AN-671).pdf + Op Amps For Everyone - Design Reference (Ron Mancini, Texas Instruments 2002).pdf + Analog Dialogue vol39n3.pdf + The Instrumentation Amplifier Handbook (Neil Albaugh, Burr Brown Corporation).pdf + Shielding and Guarding (Alan Rich, The Best of Analog Dialogue 1983).pdf + Errors and Error Budget Analysis in Instrumentation Amplifier Applications (Analog Devices AN-539).pdf + PCB Design Tutorial RevA (David L. Jones, 2004).pdf
If you can't find them yourself, I could upload them (if someone could provide a simple service to deposit them at.)
I'm not sure if this applies directly, but your query reminded me of a great article Why are Nerds Unpopular that some here may enjoy.
If you decide it appropriate for your neice to read, it may spark some discussion comparing school maths/science to university maths/science. Find out what she is interested in.
One way ahead is to encourage her to consider only a five year career plan. Neither she nor yourself should feel her choices NOW lock her into a lifetime in one career. People often don't find out what the REALLY want to do with their lives until they've been in the real world for a few years. She should leave her options open. Encourage her to do whatever she feels like doing now, but whatever course, keep some higher level maths as a minor. It may end up giving her the edge someday.
Slashdot Mirror
Perhaps a little offtopic, but stopping apoptosis may be useful to prevent systemic self-dectruction of cells during reperfusion of heart attack victims or other victims deprived of oxygen - allowing people to recovery from being deprived of oxygen for an hour.
.
To Treat the Dead -- http://www.newsweek.com/id/35045%5D
.
Currently they use a hypothermia protocol to reduce the damage done during reperfusion.
http://www.med.upenn.edu/resuscitation/hypothermia/
The Nanocaust begins (I heard you the first time)
.
.
**Never alone with multiple personality disorder (I agree)
http://arduino.cc/
Multiple variations and suppliers
Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.
Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring) and the Arduino development environment (based on Processing). Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they can communicate with software on running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing, MaxMSP).
I not really sure how this compares to other options.
I'd be interested in the thoughts of those more expereienced.
.
US$229
500Mhz ARM9 CPU running Linux
onboard 12,000 LUT on-board programmable Lattice FPGA
http://www.embeddedarm.com/products/board-detail.php?product=TS-7800
.
US$84
250MHz ARM9 CPU running Linux
onboard 5000 LUT Lattice FPGA
http://www.embeddedarm.com/products/board-detail.php?product=TS-7500
[Disclaimer: I've no experience implementing these ideas. They are based on comments from mate who developed a small utility with a delayed nag as the only "protection". There is a delay of about four months between download and sales graphs, but he has a reasonable conversion rate.]
.
What about like the delayed start timer reminders like WinZip used to have. Have only one full-version binary distributable. During the demo period there are no nags. After the demo period expires, during startup have a timer that delays the start - with a message about the demo expiring. Perhaps here ask for feedback from people of their first impressions - link to a subforum discussion site. As time goes on, the delay timer gets longer.
.
Getting good feedback can be difficult and may be worth something to you. Possibly for good feedback, have a method to extend their demo period. If you respond well to them and develop a conversation and rapport, then you have more chance of converting a sale. Also you get feedback from beginning users not just expert users. First impressions count so you need to cater to both. For selected demo users, perhaps their writing a blog entry of how they are using it (not just a review) may also extend their demo period.
.
Make the demo longish, and perhaps based on operational time, not just date periods. Busy users (ie professional - your best authorative bloggers and potential payers) may download it to try, but them be distracted for a while before they have a project to use it on. You want users to have time for it to become "part of their process" before the nags start.
.
The nags can include a startup dialog, a status bar being replaced at random intervals by one cycle of a ticker. The nags and/or product cost shouldn't be so intrusive that its easier reinstall or upgrade to the next version However after an extended period of time have a modal alert discussing your distribution philosophy might appear. Use humour, you want them onside. Then this model alert might now shut down the program - with a gracious option to delay the shutdown (for a decreasing amounts of time). This however is fine balance.
.
The nag delay screens should show an accumulation of delays. Get the user to enter their payrate so that the cost of the nags is apparent to them. When it comes to a business decision, that can be overlooked. After an extended period the program might shut down at intervals - but provide plenty of
.
During you can build in some usability statistics gathering that is only acctive during the demo period. At the least would want to get an idea of when the nags become too onerous and people unistall your software. You might also get an idea of where new users go wrong.
.
anyway thats my 2.5 cents worth
Which question was that?
meme snap!
(SFNDE = Short File Name Directory Entry)
.
Regarding the patent filed in 1993.
.
It seems that the aim is to implement a "different idea" than that expressed in Figure 6b. (free rego at freepatentsonline to see original PDF with figures)
.
What about all the references to "short filename including at most a maximum NUMBER OF CHARACTERS THAT IS PERMISSIBLE BY THE OPERATING SYSTEM."
Is the Linux Operating System limited to a only of 8.3 characters? To that effect, why does this patent apply to Linux at all?
.
I can't quite remember my history, but weren't long filenames (LFN) introduced with Windows 95 in 1995? Wasn't Win95 just a GUI layer on top of DOS and so bound by the filename length contraint of the DOS "OPERATING SYSTEM"? Wasn't it actually the Win95 GUI that interpreted and displayed the LFN?
Isn't Linux access to FAT different?
.
Even though the FAT filesystem was limited to 8.3 characters, don't you think that DOS was "hardcoded" to 8.3 characters. Thus it was a constraint of the "Operating System" that this patent was addressing. The Linux situation seems completely different. Linux does not have this constraint, thus the Linux "idea" for implemeting dual directory entries is different than the "idea" for Windows GUI on DOS as expressed in the given patent - ie thus the "idea" for Linux is compatability, whereas the "idea" for Windows was to get around the 8.3 constraint.
.
Fig 2 shows LFNDE alongside SFNDE. Is that required technically for compatability, or can they be stored apart?
Alternatively ONLY create long filename, then have some sweeper task come along and create the short filenames from the long ones.
.
It talks about only creating a LFN when it is longer than 8.3.
Well then, create a LFNDE "EVERY TIME".
.
The patent says "At a minimum, a short filename will be created."
Have linux do it differently, at a minimum create both a long and a short filename.
.
The patent describes using "both SFN APIs and LFN APIs".
Does linux have both or does it do it "differently" with just LFN APIs?
Not sure about the exact device naming but thats a pretty good summary.
.
Its worth pointing out that the funding for the project has apparently always been 10% of what was required, in order to keep it below the radar of the DOE - with the perception that the DOE career politics would have killed it off to protect their "investment" in ITER. Bussard has been slogging away at it for 20 years. The project was apparently killed only due to money being cut off to fund the Iraq war.
.
Off the top of my head I think it was WB6 that finally cracked it, with the result that "The physics has been proven, its now just an engineering problem." However the synchronicity of success at the last minute before the lights were turned off, that wasn't noticed until the data was analysed months later, was perhaps a bit suspect. Then Bussard died.
.
It has been the task of the well respected Dr Rick Nebel on sabatical from Los Almos Nataional Laboratory to confirm the WB6 results with WB7. With a news blackout back in force Dr Nebel has been very low key about the results but has said that "Results from WB7 have been positive and in line with expectations. There is nothing to indicate this wont work." This has been peer reviewed - but privately within the DoD. The DoD has provided continuing funding for the next round of experiments.
.
I find it interesting that Bussard as Assistant Director of the Atomic Energy Commission in the 1970s apaprently founded the Tokamak research project only as a means skimming some money to investigate a number of non-mainline nuclear ideas - of which the Polywell seems to have born fruit. http://www.geocities.com/jim_bowery/BussardsLetter.html
.
This google tech talk http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1996321846673788606 is quite interesting and was my introduction to the concept. The hopeful pundit in me finds it VERY INTERESTING that interest in ITER has seemed to wain as awareness of the Polywell results has increased - but perhaps thats just wishful thinking.
.
Whoops that turned out longer than I meant
.
Disclaimer: I'm just an interested bystander. All this is hear-say.
The only valid measurement of code quality
http://www.osnews.com/story/19266/WTFs_m
Not really answering the question, but I must concur with 4).
I do the same. Sometimes interesting responses from the unsophisticated:
+ thats our email
+ is that a real address?
+ you can't use our address
Good idea - but extend. Try several domains you don't care about. Offer a fifth of the price.
Not from the same phone of email account.
Mention that this is your fifth choice and that the others were too expensive. Don't detail how much. Let them make an offer - counter offer low - negotiate. Be prepared to walk away. Have a real alternative ready - it helps your mindset.
I've been waiting to ask, what ever happened to http://kerneltrap.org/ ?
No activity since September.
What about some highly publicised antitrust countersuit.
Type of behaviour caught.. http://www.out-law.com/page-5811
"tying (i.e. stipulating that a buyer wishing to purchase one product must also purchase all or some of his requirements for a second product)."
Responding to my own post... Wow. My first troll rating. Sorry it came across like that. Its a personal experience from travelling north-west India in 2000, a reasonably large town - perhaps Ahmadabad. My mate's girlfriend had diarrhea and was in tears that it wasn't possible to walk from the entry to the toilet at the other side of the bathroom.
I didn't know how else to convey the image of it. Speaking to the locals, its a common occurance.
India was a great source of bizarre travel experiences - like our bus driver changing a flat tyre while parked on a hill, with a rock placed under the wheel on the up-hill side of the wheel - doh!
I haven't seen a river of shit, but I have seen a public bathroom at a bus station with turds all over the floor, and I mean ALL OVER.
Picture you local bus station bathroom. Draw a grid of 10cm squares. Start at the far end and lay a turd on every gridpoint. Awful! As I understand it, that is standard practice there.
Additionally, comparing cost of energy lost in wiring per year...
365 days * 24 hours = 8760 hours per year.
Price of energy at $0.10/kWh.
0.845kW * 8760hours * 0.10 = $ 740 per year for 10A
3.300kW * 8760hours * 0.10 = $2890 per year for 50A
So for a large data centre its not about the ongoing cost of power losses in the wiring, its more the installation cost and minimising transformer power losses.
Substitute V = A * R into W = V * A to get equivalently:
W = A^2 * R
or:
W = V / R^2
This is the power lost as heat in the wiring. You can see that losses increase with the square of current, but only linearly with voltage. Its about losses in long wiring runs at 48VDC. Compare typical household 10A at 240VAC with 50A at 48VDC for 1km of wiring in a data centre. 10A requires 14AWG wiring which is 8.450 ohm/km with conductor area of 2.08mm2. 50A requires 6AWG wire which is 1.320 ohm/km with conductor area of 13.30mm2.
10A Wiring Power Loss = 10^2 * 8.45 = 845W
50A Wiring Power Loss = 50^2 * 1.32 = 3300W
Ratio 3300/845 = 3.9
However, economic cost of install also needs to be considered. Ratio of conductor area:
13.3 / 2.08 = 6.4 times copper for 48VDC system, hence 6.4 times more expensive in materials to install.
Add to this the significant additional labour labour of working with larger, heavier and stiffer cable.
By the law of the captain who'll toss you overboard if you annoy him.
The law of the high seas, me matey, aarrghhh.
Thats not insightful - its completely wrong about human nature. Not getting a converter box NOW doesn't hurt them NOW - ergo the lazy don't notice / don't care. Its human nature to put up with things until a breaking point is reached and then they go berserk. They will only react once their RIGHT to TV is taken away.
GP is correct - but how serious and how long it lasts remains to be seen.
I don't have any advice on hardware choice, but there have been a lot of negative comments and I felt compelled to lend my support - from personal experience.
I remember my (10 years younger) brother playing Sticky Bear Alphabet on an Apple2e before the age of two. Hitting a letter on the keyboard cycled between two words for each letter - each with a simple animation. Within a short time he progressed from random bashing to being able to keep the state of each letter in memory - so that at ANY time you could walk up to him and ask him "what is the next picture for letter X" for every letter, and he would know. This was while he was still on the bottle and still in his first baby seat.
I attribute his early exposure to this educational game to have significantly advanced his language skills. One distinct memory I have is just before he started primary school - I knew he was reading very well but he being cocky about it - so thinking I would cut him down to size I asked him to read the legalese of the back of my driver's license - which he promptly did reading "The commissioner of police hearby grants the bearer..." - which took me quite by surprise. It was obvious he hadn't seen the larger words before but had fairly fluently just sounded them out as he went - and I thought to myself "oh my god, this year they are going to teach him how to spell CAT and DOG".
That is the downside. School bored him. In class he would zip through his worksheets and then assist his classmates - and get in trouble for talking/helping - which really discouraged him. A good teacher would have extended him, but generally the public school system is not set up to handle an anomally like that.
I directly attibute his early intelligence and confidence to the alphabet game he played as a toddler. He has always been very social and now at 25 is a teacher. Too much computer time could create other issues, but overall its been a positive benefit. You will need to pay attention to counter-balancing this with physical and social activities. I will be looking to do the same in a while with my (now 1 year old) baby girl.
Last year I did a course "Electronic Measurement" at USQ which dealt a lot with EMC compatability, PCB layout, noise resistance, etc - a lot of really non-obvious stuff until you read it.
From this I've ended up with bundle of very enlightning PDFs, some of which I'll list below. I'm not sure if these are what you are looking for, but they certainly match your price range. I recommend anyone every using an op-amp read at least the first one, which I found quite amazing - for illustrating the different return paths AC and DC take across a PCB. In general, search the application notes of the device maufacturers - particular Analog Devices.
+ AN-345 Grounding for Low-and-High-Frequency Circuits.pdf
+ EMI and Layout Fundamentals for Switched-Mode Circuits R.W. Erickson.pdf
+ AN202 An IC Amplifier Userâ(TM)s Guide to Decoupling, Grounding, and Making Things Go Right for a Change.pdf
+ A Designer's Guide to Instrumentation Amplifiers 3rd Edition (Kitchin & Counts, Analog Devices 2006).pdf
+ Reducing RFI Rectification Errors in In-Amp Circuits (Analog Devices AN-671).pdf
+ Op Amps For Everyone - Design Reference (Ron Mancini, Texas Instruments 2002).pdf
+ Analog Dialogue vol39n3.pdf
+ The Instrumentation Amplifier Handbook (Neil Albaugh, Burr Brown Corporation).pdf
+ Shielding and Guarding (Alan Rich, The Best of Analog Dialogue 1983).pdf
+ Errors and Error Budget Analysis in Instrumentation Amplifier Applications (Analog Devices AN-539).pdf
+ PCB Design Tutorial RevA (David L. Jones, 2004).pdf
If you can't find them yourself, I could upload them (if someone could provide a simple service to deposit them at.)
If you decide it appropriate for your neice to read, it may spark some discussion comparing school maths/science to university maths/science. Find out what she is interested in.
One way ahead is to encourage her to consider only a five year career plan. Neither she nor yourself should feel her choices NOW lock her into a lifetime in one career. People often don't find out what the REALLY want to do with their lives until they've been in the real world for a few years. She should leave her options open. Encourage her to do whatever she feels like doing now, but whatever course, keep some higher level maths as a minor. It may end up giving her the edge someday.
Why do we call Rome by that name. The locals call it Roma - you'd think they would know they proper name of the place they live.
Why do we call Spain by that name. The locals call it España. You'd think they would know the proper name.
Things can have multiple names. Its the spice of life.
They are not neccessarily "making up" new names for the heck of it. Its a bit of courtesy to call their yuhangyuan as they call themselves.