I'm using Altera tools for work right now. We have a paid seat, but even in free mode, the web kit is powerful enough to do pretty complex stuff. To experiment with the software, go to altera.com, click download in the upper right corner and download the web kit.
Unfortunately, the linux version is not free but you can use it for 30 days without a license.
Xilinx also has a free version you can use.
As for development boards, here's the cheapest FPGA board I found for Altera: http://www.altera.com/products/devkits/altera/kit-cyc2-2C20N.html
I'm using the Cyclone III version of that board. Its quite good.
For a Cyclone I board, these look inexpensive and have a wide range of features: http://www.knjn.com/ShopBoards_USB2.html
Xilinx has a lot of development boards as well.
My experience with Xilinx is better in the support department than Altera. They will give you the software and even dev hardware if you ask nicely. But their software takes more than 12 hours (yes twelve hours) to install and update on a core 2 duo machine. Sad really.
The altera software is lighter feeling but just as powerful and seems to be more... what's the word: friendly. I haven't used Xilinx in a while but I had a hellofa time with it, when I was trying to prototype asics with Virtex II.
Altera is currently under mandate to make money from their software, even though they are a hardware company. That makes getting a free license almost impossible. Too bad for them.
I've been getting great support for Altera from Octera Solutions (as opposed to Altera itself). Perhaps they can help you.
If you're brand new to hardware, you might want to learn Verilog or VHDL first. I think both Xilinx and Altera's web kits come with Modelsim. Its a stripped down version but it will be fine to learn the basics.
I guess Symbian will become another in the great long list to underestimate Google.
Its foolhardy to make such assumptions and reckless for an officer of Symbian to make such statements. How can you do anything but take Google seriously at this point?
If google says they are going to do it and they have the skills and the deep pockets needed to do it: so why not plan on it and have product in place to protect your own company from it?
Because its cheaper and easier to bury one's head in the sand than face the fact that you have real competition whose goal is to make money on advertising by giving away an open source OS. They don't even wish to compete in Symbian's turf, they want to make phones for the masses to get more advertising clicks. By executing this strategy they will make Symbian's entire business model obsolete.
So bury your heads Symbian, we'll bury the rest of you later.
I completely agree. I can't believe they would consider selling off some of their business to stay in business. There are very few companies in the world who have captive fab. And captive fab is the only way to make money. I work in a different business but we're beating up the competitors who don't have a fab like we do simply because we can kill them on price.
If AMD gives up their fab they won't be able to have a price war like the one they are having now.
I really think this is false information. They just bought ATI with the expectation that they will manufacture ATI parts on their older process fabs to save depreciation costs a bit. ATI parts should still run on par if not faster than Nvidia parts on third party fabs because even though AMD is behind intel, they are still ahead of most of the rest of the logic process fabs in the world.
I think AMD should continue to partner with IBM & others, expand their fabs, and produce more silicon to lower their costs even further.
Their architecture is still ahead of intel, and if they can pull off the "fast computer on a chip"* then they can continue to dominate the low end of the market.
*VIA has a "slow computer on a chip"
AMD, if you're listening: go get financing, don't sell your fabs.
I find it amazing that if MS wins this one, in the context that Software Patents are invalid, then they will have killed all future lawsuits they could make against competitors. They have been selling patent protection to Linux users through Novell which will also become moot if they win this case in the context of software patents not being valid.
In my opinion, this means they will quickly and quietly settle with AT&T for what ever amount of money they have to pay because they can't afford to win this case on these terms.
Its like Kleanex(R) Brand facial tissues suing everyone on TV, in the press, in books, and on the streets using the term "Kleanex(R)" instead of using the term "facial tissue."
They basically have free advertising by anyone using "pod" anywhere in their blog, company, press, etc. And more importantly, if they lose even one of these battles because of some company who happened to have the word "pod" in use before the iPod(TM) was introduced, then they stand to lose complete control over the use of the word pod. Right now they basically control the word Pod by virtue of the fact that so many people know about them.
No matter how you look at it, this is just a foolish control freak attitude, which I believe shows the true nature of the Apple beast. If Apple gets as big as Microsoft, then I'll bet you a doughnut they'll be just as evil.
Apple needs to grow up and let go. They've created a concept which they can't control, no matter what they do, why waste money proving that point?
Raydude
(Funny my confirmation word for this post is "tyranny," heh)
There is one obvious reason for the purchase, already stated by others. I'm just reiterating.
Next year, AMD will be shipping quad core Athlons and Opterons. But, if they wanted to they could replace one CPU with a GPU and have video on die. And if they wanted to they could replace a second CPU with sound, USB, SATA, Gigabit, wireless etc etc etc, and have an entire computer on a chip.
VIA has been trying to do this for years. AMD has the fab capacity to pull it off.
AMD could be the first company to enable the $150.00 PC to exist (by saybe 2009). Smaller than a mac-mini, dual core, and all you need to get it to run is slap some flash memory on board for a hard drive substitute, some DDR2, a cheap DVD drive and Voila! Instant computer.
Imagine a Dual Core Athy with a gig of ram, 20GB flash disk all in the form factor of about twice the size of an IPOD.
Oh you could put a screen on it too, DGMS.
This could be a great thing. My only advice for AMD / ATI is: Dedicate some resources to drivers, or better yet, open source the GPU API.
What's really obvious to me is how this will cause some people to go out and buy an ipod before they "disappear" from the shelves. (not that it will actually happen).
IMO this is pretty silly. AMD would be backhanding NVIDIA by doing this.
And this would encourage NVIDIA and Intel to merge in response. You really don't want Intel and NVIDIA working as the same company do you? Talk about stiff competition.
And this could eliminate some choices we have as consumers on chipsets and video processors. All in all this would be very bad for consumers.
I can't see this happening, no matter what the analysts say.
Raydude
These planes are going to be traveling at multiple times the speed of sound. Which means they can't race over populated areas because the sonic booms would disturb, shock and in some cases injur the inhabitants.
And because they are going so fast, they have to go in a straight line, or as straight as is perceivable from say a ground based observatory.
So they have to do it over land that has no population or over the ocean.
Either way, not many spectators can watch it live.
So now they have to shoot it with cameras, but from where? Another rocket plane? Not likely. The best thing is to have GPS tracking equipment on board which is then plotted on a web page and also shown on ESPN 8 (The Ocho). You watch by watching little dots move across the map at insanely fast speeds. Here's a sample of what you may see on the Tele.
Announcer 1: "Well, Jim their engines are humming and they're ready be dropped from their respective 747s, its just a matter of moments until the race is under way."
Announcer 2: "That's right John! And one hellofa race its going to be!"
Announcer 1: "And there's the master timer telling all their flight computers to initiate a full burn and release from the 747!"
Announcer 2: "Hopefully in reverse order John."
Announcer 1: "Ha Ha! Yes, hopefully in reverse order."
You see multiple views of the underside of various 747's with rocket planes dropping and then blasting away from the 747 at breathtaking speed.
Announcer 2: "Now if you're all paying attention to the GPS tracking at www.rocketrace.net..."
Announcer 1: "And we know you are, because there are over 20 million of you tuned to this webcast!"
Announcer 2: "Woe!!!! Ken Tirbanker's rocket just blew up. Ken's emergency beacon is active so we assume that his cockpit survived the explosion, lets see if we can find a satelite that could view the spectacle. And if his electronics are alive then maybe we can show his condition and talk to him while he floats to the water."
Announcer 1: "While Jim and the crew look for a satelite images and attempt to connect with Ken to discuss the explosion let me remind you that today's race is sponsored by Budwizer Beer, the beer for the Wizer beer drinker. How's it going Jim?"
Announcer 2: "We're still looking at clips, they lost Ken's uplink so the electronics are gone, hope he's okay... [in the background] I told you we should have assigned satellites to each racer, instead of panning and scanning randomly... yeah sure six hundred million to launch six more birds, so what, I can't find the damn video!"
Announcer 1: "The race is happening at 68 thousand feet on a course from Sydney to Los Angeles, the race is expected to last for less than two hours. At least for those who touch down in the desert. For Ken, its going to be a long couple of days."
Announcer 2: "Ah HA! We got it, where's the damn mouse, give me that! Here's, I'm putting it up on Monitor six, switch to it..."
And so on and so on.
Its all doable, its just a whole different scale...
The record labels are biting the hand that feeds them. Talk about choking the goose that laid the golden egg, and now they want to break its neck to get the gold out all at once.
"Any people that would give up liberty for a little temporary safety deserves neither liberty nor safety." - Benjamin Franklin
"1984" could be a reality. "Brazil" could be a reality.
Don't people realize that part of the cost of freedom is by definition risk of being hurt.
Fear is what drives us to give up liberty, and it is only fear that we have to fight. Fear is worse than death, beause it traps us in our minds, afraid to move, afraid to live.
If we want to represent freedom to the world, I believe we ought to stop being afraid and stop lashing out in fear.
If we give up our freedom, doesn't that mean the terrorists are winning?
Why can't anyone see the truth here?
The truth is: we must do our best with the knowledge we have, defend ourselves as best we can, and let go of our fear.
The reason we still use an instruction set from nearly 30 years ago is simply because massive amounts of useful software exist for it.
Intel has become powerful by maintaining backward compatibility and AMD has usurped them in the performance arena for exactly the same reason. AMD made a 64 bit extension to x86 to maintain backward compatibility and forced intel to do the same. Thus driving another wodden stake into intel's undead 64 bit processor, the Itanium.
The instruction set may be almost 30 years old but the way its implemented, the architecture built around it and the technology its crafted in is brand new.
My step father has this saying, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it."
x86 works, and it works well. Why knock it?
Raydude
One of the common problem among all operating systems is availability and stability of hardware drivers.
Do you think Microsoft would be interested in the creation of open driver standards and open API's for hardware?
This would in effect make a broader range of hardware more like commodity DRAM, commodity flash memory, commodity CDROMs, etc. Right now at the top of my annoyance list is wireless ethernet adapters. They are a pain no matter what operating system I run.
Raydude
This guy was a serious visionary
on
Sixty Years of Memex
·
· Score: 3, Interesting
He predicted talking to machines in 1945. We still ain't there yet. Well, call a baby bell and we're almost there, ALMOST.
I didn't have time to give the article a full read, but this guy was way, way ahead of his time. He wanted to find ways to store our knowledge. He wanted a scientist to be able to record his words onto paper medium via some devices which had been demonstrated at the world's fair. He even predicted using radio to report from the field and record in his lab.
I suspect he would appreciate our hard drives, computers, and iPods... Heh.
Get slashdotted...
Don't they have like mega bandwidth available?
It took almost a minute for the page to load up. Got the toolbar though, will try it out next...
Raydude
It has to be this way because its free. Or at least as free as anything can be. Its almost as free as in air, even if its just free as in beer.
The innocence and idealism which created the internet to be open and available to anyone with access to a modem or university network in that late sixties and early seventies has been pushed aside by a harsh reality. People behave in evil ways when there are no constraints. They do so until they choose to stop.
That is the cost and the benefit of freedom.
In the long run its worth it, but right now, because there are so many who strike out looking for attention and who love creating disturbances, the internet is a bit like the old west: untamed and just a bit out of control.
What happened with the LA Times is they simply didn't think it through. If they had asked any guy on the street what would happen if they let anyone edit an article on the internet, his quick and non-surprising answer would be, "Oh someone will put up porn!"
Well Duh! Everytime someone invents a new medium, what's the first content?
Porn. Its always porn.
If someone invents a holodeck kind of thing, you can bet the first thing he makes with it will be a walk through porn movie.
LA Times should have thought it through. I think the idea can still work, they just need to put in more safeguards...
Write them all down and keep them next to your Mastercard. Pretty much the same security mechanism.
The problem is: what if your wallet is stolen, its one call to cancel the Mastercard, but how are you going to change all those damn passwords? Especially if you don't remember any of them.
Maybe writing them down and locking them in a safe is better. Or maybe keep the master list in your wallet and a copy in a safe so that if its stolen you can log in and change them all before the thief realizes what he has.
Slashdot Mirror
I'm using Altera tools for work right now. We have a paid seat, but even in free mode, the web kit is powerful enough to do pretty complex stuff. To experiment with the software, go to altera.com, click download in the upper right corner and download the web kit. Unfortunately, the linux version is not free but you can use it for 30 days without a license. Xilinx also has a free version you can use. As for development boards, here's the cheapest FPGA board I found for Altera: http://www.altera.com/products/devkits/altera/kit-cyc2-2C20N.html I'm using the Cyclone III version of that board. Its quite good. For a Cyclone I board, these look inexpensive and have a wide range of features: http://www.knjn.com/ShopBoards_USB2.html Xilinx has a lot of development boards as well. My experience with Xilinx is better in the support department than Altera. They will give you the software and even dev hardware if you ask nicely. But their software takes more than 12 hours (yes twelve hours) to install and update on a core 2 duo machine. Sad really. The altera software is lighter feeling but just as powerful and seems to be more ... what's the word: friendly. I haven't used Xilinx in a while but I had a hellofa time with it, when I was trying to prototype asics with Virtex II.
Altera is currently under mandate to make money from their software, even though they are a hardware company. That makes getting a free license almost impossible. Too bad for them.
I've been getting great support for Altera from Octera Solutions (as opposed to Altera itself). Perhaps they can help you.
If you're brand new to hardware, you might want to learn Verilog or VHDL first. I think both Xilinx and Altera's web kits come with Modelsim. Its a stripped down version but it will be fine to learn the basics.
I guess Symbian will become another in the great long list to underestimate Google.
Its foolhardy to make such assumptions and reckless for an officer of Symbian to make such statements. How can you do anything but take Google seriously at this point?
If google says they are going to do it and they have the skills and the deep pockets needed to do it: so why not plan on it and have product in place to protect your own company from it?
Because its cheaper and easier to bury one's head in the sand than face the fact that you have real competition whose goal is to make money on advertising by giving away an open source OS. They don't even wish to compete in Symbian's turf, they want to make phones for the masses to get more advertising clicks. By executing this strategy they will make Symbian's entire business model obsolete.
So bury your heads Symbian, we'll bury the rest of you later.
Fools.
I completely agree. I can't believe they would consider selling off some of their business to stay in business. There are very few companies in the world who have captive fab. And captive fab is the only way to make money. I work in a different business but we're beating up the competitors who don't have a fab like we do simply because we can kill them on price.
If AMD gives up their fab they won't be able to have a price war like the one they are having now.
I really think this is false information. They just bought ATI with the expectation that they will manufacture ATI parts on their older process fabs to save depreciation costs a bit. ATI parts should still run on par if not faster than Nvidia parts on third party fabs because even though AMD is behind intel, they are still ahead of most of the rest of the logic process fabs in the world.
I think AMD should continue to partner with IBM & others, expand their fabs, and produce more silicon to lower their costs even further.
Their architecture is still ahead of intel, and if they can pull off the "fast computer on a chip"* then they can continue to dominate the low end of the market.
*VIA has a "slow computer on a chip"
AMD, if you're listening: go get financing, don't sell your fabs.
Raydude
Cost is not the point. Greenhouse gasses is the point. Prius makes far less greenhouse gasses than a Hummer.
And you know what? Its going to cost us more to be Green, it always hurts to do the right thing.
Raydude
I find it amazing that if MS wins this one, in the context that Software Patents are invalid, then they will have killed all future lawsuits they could make against competitors. They have been selling patent protection to Linux users through Novell which will also become moot if they win this case in the context of software patents not being valid.
In my opinion, this means they will quickly and quietly settle with AT&T for what ever amount of money they have to pay because they can't afford to win this case on these terms.
Raydude
I had really hoped that the reason Sci_Fi canceled SG1 was to funnel money to Joss and Firefly. Bummer really. Raydude
Its like Kleanex(R) Brand facial tissues suing everyone on TV, in the press, in books, and on the streets using the term "Kleanex(R)" instead of using the term "facial tissue."
They basically have free advertising by anyone using "pod" anywhere in their blog, company, press, etc. And more importantly, if they lose even one of these battles because of some company who happened to have the word "pod" in use before the iPod(TM) was introduced, then they stand to lose complete control over the use of the word pod. Right now they basically control the word Pod by virtue of the fact that so many people know about them.
No matter how you look at it, this is just a foolish control freak attitude, which I believe shows the true nature of the Apple beast. If Apple gets as big as Microsoft, then I'll bet you a doughnut they'll be just as evil.
Apple needs to grow up and let go. They've created a concept which they can't control, no matter what they do, why waste money proving that point?
Raydude
(Funny my confirmation word for this post is "tyranny," heh)
There is one obvious reason for the purchase, already stated by others. I'm just reiterating.
Next year, AMD will be shipping quad core Athlons and Opterons. But, if they wanted to they could replace one CPU with a GPU and have video on die. And if they wanted to they could replace a second CPU with sound, USB, SATA, Gigabit, wireless etc etc etc, and have an entire computer on a chip.
VIA has been trying to do this for years. AMD has the fab capacity to pull it off.
AMD could be the first company to enable the $150.00 PC to exist (by saybe 2009). Smaller than a mac-mini, dual core, and all you need to get it to run is slap some flash memory on board for a hard drive substitute, some DDR2, a cheap DVD drive and Voila! Instant computer.
Imagine a Dual Core Athy with a gig of ram, 20GB flash disk all in the form factor of about twice the size of an IPOD.
Oh you could put a screen on it too, DGMS.
This could be a great thing. My only advice for AMD / ATI is: Dedicate some resources to drivers, or better yet, open source the GPU API.
Raydude
What's really obvious to me is how this will cause some people to go out and buy an ipod before they "disappear" from the shelves. (not that it will actually happen).
I believe this will only be good for Apple.
Heh.
Raydude
IMO this is pretty silly. AMD would be backhanding NVIDIA by doing this. And this would encourage NVIDIA and Intel to merge in response. You really don't want Intel and NVIDIA working as the same company do you? Talk about stiff competition. And this could eliminate some choices we have as consumers on chipsets and video processors. All in all this would be very bad for consumers. I can't see this happening, no matter what the analysts say. Raydude
These planes are going to be traveling at multiple times the speed of sound. Which means they can't race over populated areas because the sonic booms would disturb, shock and in some cases injur the inhabitants.
... [in the background] I told you we should have assigned satellites to each racer, instead of panning and scanning randomly ... yeah sure six hundred million to launch six more birds, so what, I can't find the damn video!"
And because they are going so fast, they have to go in a straight line, or as straight as is perceivable from say a ground based observatory.
So they have to do it over land that has no population or over the ocean.
Either way, not many spectators can watch it live.
So now they have to shoot it with cameras, but from where? Another rocket plane? Not likely. The best thing is to have GPS tracking equipment on board which is then plotted on a web page and also shown on ESPN 8 (The Ocho). You watch by watching little dots move across the map at insanely fast speeds. Here's a sample of what you may see on the Tele.
Announcer 1: "Well, Jim their engines are humming and they're ready be dropped from their respective 747s, its just a matter of moments until the race is under way."
Announcer 2: "That's right John! And one hellofa race its going to be!"
Announcer 1: "And there's the master timer telling all their flight computers to initiate a full burn and release from the 747!"
Announcer 2: "Hopefully in reverse order John."
Announcer 1: "Ha Ha! Yes, hopefully in reverse order."
You see multiple views of the underside of various 747's with rocket planes dropping and then blasting away from the 747 at breathtaking speed.
Announcer 2: "Now if you're all paying attention to the GPS tracking at www.rocketrace.net..."
Announcer 1: "And we know you are, because there are over 20 million of you tuned to this webcast!"
Announcer 2: "Woe!!!! Ken Tirbanker's rocket just blew up. Ken's emergency beacon is active so we assume that his cockpit survived the explosion, lets see if we can find a satelite that could view the spectacle. And if his electronics are alive then maybe we can show his condition and talk to him while he floats to the water."
Announcer 1: "While Jim and the crew look for a satelite images and attempt to connect with Ken to discuss the explosion let me remind you that today's race is sponsored by Budwizer Beer, the beer for the Wizer beer drinker. How's it going Jim?"
Announcer 2: "We're still looking at clips, they lost Ken's uplink so the electronics are gone, hope he's okay
Announcer 1: "The race is happening at 68 thousand feet on a course from Sydney to Los Angeles, the race is expected to last for less than two hours. At least for those who touch down in the desert. For Ken, its going to be a long couple of days."
Announcer 2: "Ah HA! We got it, where's the damn mouse, give me that! Here's, I'm putting it up on Monitor six, switch to it..."
And so on and so on.
Its all doable, its just a whole different scale...
Raydude
The record labels are biting the hand that feeds them. Talk about choking the goose that laid the golden egg, and now they want to break its neck to get the gold out all at once.
Stupid stupid stupid.
I hope they get what they deserve.
Six weeks in hell.
Raydude
"Any people that would give up liberty for a little temporary safety deserves neither liberty nor safety." - Benjamin Franklin
"1984" could be a reality. "Brazil" could be a reality.
Don't people realize that part of the cost of freedom is by definition risk of being hurt.
Fear is what drives us to give up liberty, and it is only fear that we have to fight. Fear is worse than death, beause it traps us in our minds, afraid to move, afraid to live.
If we want to represent freedom to the world, I believe we ought to stop being afraid and stop lashing out in fear.
If we give up our freedom, doesn't that mean the terrorists are winning?
Why can't anyone see the truth here?
The truth is: we must do our best with the knowledge we have, defend ourselves as best we can, and let go of our fear.
Raydude
The reason we still use an instruction set from nearly 30 years ago is simply because massive amounts of useful software exist for it. Intel has become powerful by maintaining backward compatibility and AMD has usurped them in the performance arena for exactly the same reason. AMD made a 64 bit extension to x86 to maintain backward compatibility and forced intel to do the same. Thus driving another wodden stake into intel's undead 64 bit processor, the Itanium. The instruction set may be almost 30 years old but the way its implemented, the architecture built around it and the technology its crafted in is brand new. My step father has this saying, "if it ain't broke, don't fix it." x86 works, and it works well. Why knock it? Raydude
Isn't that KDE's (3.4.1) logon screen background? Raydude
Its going to be strikingly similar to Athlon 64.
'Bout time they admitted the P4 burst arch is antiquated.
Raydude
One of the common problem among all operating systems is availability and stability of hardware drivers.
Do you think Microsoft would be interested in the creation of open driver standards and open API's for hardware?
This would in effect make a broader range of hardware more like commodity DRAM, commodity flash memory, commodity CDROMs, etc. Right now at the top of my annoyance list is wireless ethernet adapters. They are a pain no matter what operating system I run.
Raydude
He predicted talking to machines in 1945. We still ain't there yet. Well, call a baby bell and we're almost there, ALMOST.
I didn't have time to give the article a full read, but this guy was way, way ahead of his time. He wanted to find ways to store our knowledge. He wanted a scientist to be able to record his words onto paper medium via some devices which had been demonstrated at the world's fair. He even predicted using radio to report from the field and record in his lab.
I suspect he would appreciate our hard drives, computers, and iPods... Heh.
I look forward to reading the rest later.
Raydude
Get slashdotted... Don't they have like mega bandwidth available? It took almost a minute for the page to load up. Got the toolbar though, will try it out next... Raydude
I see the internet as chaos flying on electrons.
It has to be this way because its free. Or at least as free as anything can be. Its almost as free as in air, even if its just free as in beer.
The innocence and idealism which created the internet to be open and available to anyone with access to a modem or university network in that late sixties and early seventies has been pushed aside by a harsh reality. People behave in evil ways when there are no constraints. They do so until they choose to stop.
That is the cost and the benefit of freedom.
In the long run its worth it, but right now, because there are so many who strike out looking for attention and who love creating disturbances, the internet is a bit like the old west: untamed and just a bit out of control.
What happened with the LA Times is they simply didn't think it through. If they had asked any guy on the street what would happen if they let anyone edit an article on the internet, his quick and non-surprising answer would be, "Oh someone will put up porn!"
Well Duh! Everytime someone invents a new medium, what's the first content?
Porn. Its always porn.
If someone invents a holodeck kind of thing, you can bet the first thing he makes with it will be a walk through porn movie.
LA Times should have thought it through. I think the idea can still work, they just need to put in more safeguards...
Raydude
Yeah. I did it on porpoise, makes me look smarter. Raydude
Those mean old Slashdot readers, pointing out the obvious all teh time!
It would have happened sooner or later, they should thank us for finding the bugs right away.
Raydude
"Wall Side?"
After all its not on the top...
*grin*
Raydude
I see. So to corporate america, blogging equates to marketing.
Is this a good thing or a bad thing?
Raydude
Write them all down and keep them next to your Mastercard. Pretty much the same security mechanism.
The problem is: what if your wallet is stolen, its one call to cancel the Mastercard, but how are you going to change all those damn passwords? Especially if you don't remember any of them.
Maybe writing them down and locking them in a safe is better. Or maybe keep the master list in your wallet and a copy in a safe so that if its stolen you can log in and change them all before the thief realizes what he has.
Raydude