Your numbers are for the amplitude of the sound wave. I'm assuming they're talking about sound power or sound pressure, since we hear sound pressure, not amplitude. In that case:
10^(dB/10) converts from dB to a multiplier of sound pressure.
10* log10(P1/P0) converts from a multiplier of sound pressure to dB.
-10 dB reduction results in 10% of the sound.
-20 dB reduction results in 1%.
Assuming a 94% reduction means a reduction to 6% of the original sound, we're talking around -12 dB, which is significant, but not a huge reduction in sound. The human ear has the ability to hear across a remarkable range in intensities.
Yeah. 94% reduction sounds like a lot, but when you realize we hear loudness on a logarithmic scale, it's significant, but not that impressive.
I can easily get a conventional sound attenuator for ductwork that reduces noise by 13 dB or more in the frequencies of speech and higher (lower frequencies are harder), and I won't have to know the frequency ahead of time to tune it.
In my experience, breaks every 2 hours were mandatory for hourly employees, but if you took a break any other time, you might get in trouble. When working as a salaried employee, there was no set break policy, but nobody would mind you taking breaks, as long as you got the work done. And most of the time I've been considered a salaried employee even though I got paid only for the hours worked - that way they don't have to pay you time-and-a-half for overtime.
I'd prefer it if noon was based on the sun, but the Chicago area (where I've lived most of my life) is on the eastern end of the timezone, so DST or not should be 30 minutes of one or half an hour of the other. However, just the opposite of the parent AC, I'd prefer it to be dark when I leave for work, so I can sleep on the train without the sun in my eyes; plus I like it when there's still sun out when I get home. So I'd vote for year-round DST, but only if I don't get a choice to base the local clock closer to solar noon.
Minneapolis is the one place I've seen a dual-fuel boiler used for demand-limiting gas consumption. The gas company gave them a special interruptable rate, so when demand got too high for the utility in the winter, they could automatically shut down the gas supply to the boiler and switch to diesel. So your anecdotes might be more about the availability of gas, than the availability of solar and wind.
If you quickly reduce the amount of electricity generated by a nuke or a coal plant, it still keeps generating the heat and you have to dump that heat somewhere, somehow. If you quickly increase the amount of electricty generated by a nuke or a coal plant, well, you can't really, because it takes a while to heat the system up, increase the steam pressures, etc. Plus, see GP for some other reasons nukes are picky about fast swings in output. Gas turbine generators are more like car engines, so they can respond quickly to increased or decreased loads by giving it more or less gas. You can't do that with basic coal, unless you gasify it or use fluidized coal dust, and those bring their own problems..
Your numbers add up to more than 100%, and you're forgetting Argon, which, at around 0.9%, is more abundant that CO2. Dry air is typically quoted as having 78% Nitrogen & 21% Oxygen, give or take some hundredths of a percent. Water vapor varies from near 0% in dry cold places to about 3.6% in saturated air near sea level at temperatures around 80F.
You are mistaken on NFPA requirements for sprinklers (local codes may vary).
There are specific rules on density and on distances to obstructions, but 6 foot high cubicle partitions would not trigger changes to sprinkler head layout for a typical 8 foot high ceiling, and density requirements would not be affected at all, unless maybe the partitions were combustible. Density requirements are based on the occupancy and building construction classifications. Office space in non-combustible construction results in light hazard sprinkler density requirements. Sprinkler layout would only need to take into account obstructions from partial height walls if the sprinklers were less than 18" above the top of the partition.
The Great Recession hit at the same time that most millennials were attempting to enter the job market. It hurt that generation worse than any other.
Not so.
I entered the job market in 1980. During the recession around then not only did unemployment rise to double-digit numbers, so did inflation. It was a much worse economy than the millennials went thru.
And what about the cohort who entered the job market in the 1930s? That depression had much more unemployment and lasted longer than the "great recession".
(BTW, all large economic downturns were all called depressions until the Great Depression, after which nobody wanted to use that term anymore, so they started calling them recessions. And depressions/recessions used to be more frequent than they are nowadays.)
Bankruptcy shields them from legal payments just like any other creditor.
Not necessarily.
"Not all debts are discharged. The debts discharged vary under each chapter of the Bankruptcy Code. . . . The most common types of nondischargeable debts are certain types of tax claims, debts not set forth by the debtor on the lists and schedules the debtor must file with the court, debts for spousal or child support or alimony, debts for willful and malicious injuries to person or property, debts to governmental units for fines and penalties, debts for most government funded or guaranteed educational loans or benefit overpayments, debts for personal injury caused by the debtor's operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated, debts owed to certain tax-advantaged retirement plans, and debts for certain condominium or cooperative housing fees."
Well, you're not old enough. Range hoods were not the norm until recently, maybe 40 years ago or so. And recirculating hoods are the most common ones sold, because they're cheaper, it seems like you have ventilation, and most people don't know any better.
It might be different in different places, but residential kitchens can have ventilation requirements met by simply having operable windows (in some cases, the windows in the next room are good enough for code), and there is no requirement for providing a range hood or exhausting it to outdoors.
Cooking exhaust hoods almost never have charcoal filters (that would be a fire hazard, among other reasons). They have metal filters that catch some of the larger grease particles. But your point is well taken that they're rarely cleaned.
Agreed, but you skipped faxes, which were when the race to the wait-to-the-last-minute, don't-plan-ahead, you-gotta-answer now mentality really got going.
e-mail (and good old letter writing) is not good for conversations at all. Neither are texts. But that does not necessarily mean you can put it off for days. The advantage of e-mail over a phone conversation, is that there's a trail left, and you can see it in your Inbox or Sent folder. I prefer phone conversations for better understanding of a situation, but I prefer e-mails for follow-up so I can flag them as a To-Do item.
If someone needs a response now, I'll respond. If I need a follow-up later, I'll probably respond still to get the ball out of my court.
There's nothing more annoying (in the e-mail world) than getting a non-response response to a reasonable question or request just to make it seem like the ball has changed courts. I consider that a big 'Fuck You'. Unfortunately it is getting all too common. Would it be that hard to just say "I'll need to follow up later.", and maybe even give a date when you might respond?
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Your numbers are for the amplitude of the sound wave. I'm assuming they're talking about sound power or sound pressure, since we hear sound pressure, not amplitude. In that case:
10^(dB/10) converts from dB to a multiplier of sound pressure.
10* log10(P1/P0) converts from a multiplier of sound pressure to dB.
-10 dB reduction results in 10% of the sound.
-20 dB reduction results in 1%.
Assuming a 94% reduction means a reduction to 6% of the original sound, we're talking around -12 dB, which is significant, but not a huge reduction in sound. The human ear has the ability to hear across a remarkable range in intensities.
Yeah. 94% reduction sounds like a lot, but when you realize we hear loudness on a logarithmic scale, it's significant, but not that impressive.
I can easily get a conventional sound attenuator for ductwork that reduces noise by 13 dB or more in the frequencies of speech and higher (lower frequencies are harder), and I won't have to know the frequency ahead of time to tune it.
In my experience, breaks every 2 hours were mandatory for hourly employees, but if you took a break any other time, you might get in trouble. When working as a salaried employee, there was no set break policy, but nobody would mind you taking breaks, as long as you got the work done. And most of the time I've been considered a salaried employee even though I got paid only for the hours worked - that way they don't have to pay you time-and-a-half for overtime.
You are confusing Windows 7 with Windows Vista.
So no more phone porn for you then.
It isn't changing clocks that's hard. It's changing sleep patterns, especially if your an older fart like me.
I'd prefer it if noon was based on the sun, but the Chicago area (where I've lived most of my life) is on the eastern end of the timezone, so DST or not should be 30 minutes of one or half an hour of the other. However, just the opposite of the parent AC, I'd prefer it to be dark when I leave for work, so I can sleep on the train without the sun in my eyes; plus I like it when there's still sun out when I get home. So I'd vote for year-round DST, but only if I don't get a choice to base the local clock closer to solar noon.
Minneapolis is the one place I've seen a dual-fuel boiler used for demand-limiting gas consumption. The gas company gave them a special interruptable rate, so when demand got too high for the utility in the winter, they could automatically shut down the gas supply to the boiler and switch to diesel. So your anecdotes might be more about the availability of gas, than the availability of solar and wind.
If you quickly reduce the amount of electricity generated by a nuke or a coal plant, it still keeps generating the heat and you have to dump that heat somewhere, somehow. If you quickly increase the amount of electricty generated by a nuke or a coal plant, well, you can't really, because it takes a while to heat the system up, increase the steam pressures, etc. Plus, see GP for some other reasons nukes are picky about fast swings in output. Gas turbine generators are more like car engines, so they can respond quickly to increased or decreased loads by giving it more or less gas. You can't do that with basic coal, unless you gasify it or use fluidized coal dust, and those bring their own problems..
Your numbers add up to more than 100%, and you're forgetting Argon, which, at around 0.9%, is more abundant that CO2. Dry air is typically quoted as having 78% Nitrogen & 21% Oxygen, give or take some hundredths of a percent. Water vapor varies from near 0% in dry cold places to about 3.6% in saturated air near sea level at temperatures around 80F.
Screenshots typically have more image artifacts than a good hi-res jpeg. For characters, a decent resolution .png, .gif, or .tiff would be even better.
You are mistaken on NFPA requirements for sprinklers (local codes may vary).
There are specific rules on density and on distances to obstructions, but 6 foot high cubicle partitions would not trigger changes to sprinkler head layout for a typical 8 foot high ceiling, and density requirements would not be affected at all, unless maybe the partitions were combustible. Density requirements are based on the occupancy and building construction classifications. Office space in non-combustible construction results in light hazard sprinkler density requirements. Sprinkler layout would only need to take into account obstructions from partial height walls if the sprinklers were less than 18" above the top of the partition.
Of course you were. That post was clearly using the language of trolls and flamebaiters.
Not so.
I entered the job market in 1980. During the recession around then not only did unemployment rise to double-digit numbers, so did inflation. It was a much worse economy than the millennials went thru.
And what about the cohort who entered the job market in the 1930s? That depression had much more unemployment and lasted longer than the "great recession".
(BTW, all large economic downturns were all called depressions until the Great Depression, after which nobody wanted to use that term anymore, so they started calling them recessions. And depressions/recessions used to be more frequent than they are nowadays.)
Not necessarily .
"Not all debts are discharged. The debts discharged vary under each chapter of the Bankruptcy Code. . . . The most common types of nondischargeable debts are certain types of tax claims, debts not set forth by the debtor on the lists and schedules the debtor must file with the court, debts for spousal or child support or alimony, debts for willful and malicious injuries to person or property, debts to governmental units for fines and penalties , debts for most government funded or guaranteed educational loans or benefit overpayments, debts for personal injury caused by the debtor's operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated, debts owed to certain tax-advantaged retirement plans, and debts for certain condominium or cooperative housing fees."
Really? I've designed HVAC and plumbing for a lot of kitchens over the last 38 years, and I've never seen or heard about one.
Well, you're not old enough. Range hoods were not the norm until recently, maybe 40 years ago or so. And recirculating hoods are the most common ones sold, because they're cheaper, it seems like you have ventilation, and most people don't know any better.
It might be different in different places, but residential kitchens can have ventilation requirements met by simply having operable windows (in some cases, the windows in the next room are good enough for code), and there is no requirement for providing a range hood or exhausting it to outdoors.
Cooking exhaust hoods almost never have charcoal filters (that would be a fire hazard, among other reasons). They have metal filters that catch some of the larger grease particles. But your point is well taken that they're rarely cleaned.
No. The purpose of patents is to encourage dissemination of information, to discourage trade secrets, by offering a limited-time legal monopoly in return for full disclosure of the invention.
In other words, . . . to promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries
Agreed, but you skipped faxes, which were when the race to the wait-to-the-last-minute, don't-plan-ahead, you-gotta-answer now mentality really got going.
There's nothing rude about calling, especially for business-related conversations. It's a lot easier to understand each other when talking.
e-mail (and good old letter writing) is not good for conversations at all. Neither are texts. But that does not necessarily mean you can put it off for days. The advantage of e-mail over a phone conversation, is that there's a trail left, and you can see it in your Inbox or Sent folder. I prefer phone conversations for better understanding of a situation, but I prefer e-mails for follow-up so I can flag them as a To-Do item.
There's nothing more annoying (in the e-mail world) than getting a non-response response to a reasonable question or request just to make it seem like the ball has changed courts. I consider that a big 'Fuck You'. Unfortunately it is getting all too common. Would it be that hard to just say "I'll need to follow up later.", and maybe even give a date when you might respond?
Wisconsin, Nevada, and Minnesota are not red states, though they may not be blue either, more or less purple.