Around here, there are about a million rate structures to choose from.
You can find some with nominal rates in the neighborhood of 6 cents / kWh, but you end up making it up by things like peak demand charges, time of day increases, interruptible supply, etc.
When designing the ground-coupled heat pump system, you need to balance the heat gained by the ground in the summer with the heat removed from the ground in the winter. Where they don't balance out, you need to figure that the ground will warm-up (or cool down) over time, and you'll need more heat exchange piping in the ground.
You're not really adding and removing any more heat to the ground than you would add and remove from the air, only a little less waste heat due to better efficiencies. Since the heat flux from the center of the earth comes from much higher temperatures, and flows to a big range of climates, there should be no noticeable overall impact on the underground temperatures, except locally. Local temperature differences would not be great except where a high density is installed, like could happen in urban environments. Of course, like anything, if this becomes the standard way for 10 billion people to heat and cool their houses, offices, etc., it will have an impact that needs to be controlled.
98 still messed up memory management though.
Whenever I would have a large (for the time) AutoCAD drawing open, along with some Word documents and Excel spreadsheets, it would run slow, but OK, until I closed AutoCAD. Then I would start getting something like writing to protected memory exceptions in all the other programs open. It was a repeatable problem, and I found it easier to just reboot.
Most A/C unit water coils (nit pick: there is no evaporator coil where you're using water cooled by the river or lake instead of DX) are designed on a dT (temperature difference) of around 10F to 15F between entering water temperature and leaving air temperature for practical reasons. That would mean a 60F entering water temperature would result in a leaving air temperature around 70F. This is not cold enough to do a significant amount of cooling, assuming that you're trying to maintain an indoor temperature of 5F or 10F higher. Getting a lower supply air temperature creates problems by requiring a lot of rows and fins, resulting in higher air pressure drops, and/or a lot of water being pumped through the coil. If you try to cool with the higher air temperatures, you end up needing a lot more air, which means even bigger coils, more fan power, and more water flow.
There's another, more important problem with using 60F water to cool the air (unless you're in a very dry climate). The minimum air supply temperature you can theoretically approach with 60F water is 60F, but you cannot dehumidify adequately without bringing the air down significantly below 60F.
In the HVACR industry, "DX" stand for "Direct Expansion", The thing you're referring to needs a different abbreviation.
I know this system has been used, but there can be some problems with it.
Copper piping can have a short life in many soil types.
There will be more refrigerant in the system, which can add some complications and expense.
I wonder how they handle oil return when operating in the heat pump mode?
"Closed-loop wells" refers to an actual closed loop of piping, using double pipes with return bends at the bottom installed in well holes. Pumping well water up and using it directly,whether or not the well water was returned to the ground, would be known as an open loop, since the pipes are open at one (or both) end(s). Such open loops are almost never used anymore, due to environmental concerns about wasting water or returning possibly contaminated water to the underground source.
What the heck is an executive order, and from what does the president derive this mystical power?
Congress likes to write vague laws, like the EPA shall set maximum exposure limits for such-and-such toxin. Then, it's up to the EPA to research the health effects of such-and-such and set exposure limits, and particaulr rules on how to measure and/or achieve those limits. Then, (or before then) the President may issue an executive order telling the EPA how to do its' job.
But you can be pro-science without being anti-religion
I disagree. The examination and testing of assumptions--belief in "facts" only as far as they are supported by data--is pretty fundamental to science, whereas faith (ie. belief without proof) is fundamental to religion.
No, you can be pro-science without being anti-religion, and you can be pro-religion without being anti-science.
For any system of understanding, even scientific ones based on pure logic using facts supported by data, you have to begin with some axioms, postulates, or principles, etc. that must be taken on faith. Most religious people question and examine their religious assumptions, despite some religions condemning doubt. Science does not encourage all scientific assumptions to be examined and questioned, since you always need a framework to work within. So it would take a lot of work to overcome fundamental assumptions of science even in the face of good evidence to the contrary. Rational people in both fields (not that there are many people who are often rational) should be able to find a lot of common ground. Don't let the anti-science of particular intolerant religions lead you to conclude that science requires you to be anti-religion in general.
For what it's worth, you make some good points in the rest of your post.
Intersting that in that review, they talk about how great the Psion "Word" application is, and how people not in the know tend to confuse it with "Microsoft Word".
Not that I think a common word such as "Word" deserves trademark protection, anyway.
The concept of the "I'm a ___" is who is using the OS
Not for the Mac ads.
The GP's concept above might need some additional dialog for the general public to understand, but the Verizon ads suggests that they'll get it.
Blanket vaccination policies didn't quite work in the effort to eliminate smallpox.
A change to aggressive targeted vaccintaion policies did the trick.
Even if all people were immunized, most pathogens would have hosts in which to breed and evolve - animals. Smallpox is a notable exception, and that is why it has been "eradicated" (still existing in labs), whereas other diseases preventable by vaccination are still around.
Another, smaller problem: not all vaccinations result in perfect immunity, and most immunity does not last forever. Luckily, having 80% of the potential hosts immunized may in some cases be enough to prevent transmission and eventually have the pathogen die off. Slightly differently, smallpox was eradicated only after they quit trying to immunize 100% of the population and targeted immunizations to known hot-spots.
I got the MMR as a kid, and din't get sick from it, my brother did though, but oddly enough he got well after a week or so. Does that mean that the vaccine is dangerous?
Yes, fevers are dangerous That does not mean that it is more dangerous than the chance of getting the disease, though.
The MMR vaccine is clearly one of those cases where the "Better safe than sorry" approach of some misinformed parents REALLY risk hurting their child, when it later in life get into contact with the viruses they were supposed to be protected against through the MMR.
The immunity from vaccines often wears off over time, anyway, and somteimes don't work in the first place. Hence, booster shots, whcih still don't always make the immunity last through adulthood. However, if it's mostly effective, it will prevent epdiemics and make the public health issues controllable
One of the things that make this a hard problem is that if everyone else gets vaccinated, then risk from the vaccine is probably not worth it to you (there might be an animal host that still puts you at risk for the disease). If there are a significant number of other people not immune, then you will weigh the risks and benefits to yourself, which are not especially well documented, especially for new vaccines. And so the risks to society are not well lined up with the risks to an individual.
Mt son got a fever of over 105 from the MMR, though he got over it in a couple of days.
Being told by the doctor that it was just a coincidence was pretty insulting, as a fever is a pretty common side effect of vaccines.
Also, a fever that high, even in an infant, can be fairly serious and needs to be controlled and brought down to prevent permanent damage.
Movies, music and software have always been priced way above the marginal cost per copy, mostly because that isn't the 'true price'.
Movies, music and software have always been priced way above the marginal cost per copy, mostly because copyrights give a monolpoly that eliminates competition
The true price might not be zero, but the point isn't that a business will ignore the inital development costs, but that after recovering the original investment, they would begin to drop the price torwards the marginal costs.
GP was about how users tend to click thru AV warnings when installing software, so, yeah, those used to UAC warnings are gonna have extra training to just click thru if the AV pops up a warning, too.
IMHO, in spite of the crappy atmosphere, poor selection, and high prices, the real reason Circuit City failed is that their stock value was tied into growth. As long they were adding new stores (and they were adding them at pretty fast clip in the 90s), their bottom line was growing, and they could look like a good stock, and borrow money to build more stores. But there inevitably comes the time when they saturate the market, even without considering the competition, and run out of reasonable places to build. And then they struggle to keep up profits, remodel, lay off, reduce services, and go bankrupt.
Slashdot Mirror
Around here, there are about a million rate structures to choose from.
You can find some with nominal rates in the neighborhood of 6 cents / kWh, but you end up making it up by things like peak demand charges, time of day increases, interruptible supply, etc.
When designing the ground-coupled heat pump system, you need to balance the heat gained by the ground in the summer with the heat removed from the ground in the winter. Where they don't balance out, you need to figure that the ground will warm-up (or cool down) over time, and you'll need more heat exchange piping in the ground.
You're not really adding and removing any more heat to the ground than you would add and remove from the air, only a little less waste heat due to better efficiencies. Since the heat flux from the center of the earth comes from much higher temperatures, and flows to a big range of climates, there should be no noticeable overall impact on the underground temperatures, except locally. Local temperature differences would not be great except where a high density is installed, like could happen in urban environments.
Of course, like anything, if this becomes the standard way for 10 billion people to heat and cool their houses, offices, etc., it will have an impact that needs to be controlled.
98 still messed up memory management though. Whenever I would have a large (for the time) AutoCAD drawing open, along with some Word documents and Excel spreadsheets, it would run slow, but OK, until I closed AutoCAD. Then I would start getting something like writing to protected memory exceptions in all the other programs open. It was a repeatable problem, and I found it easier to just reboot.
Most A/C unit water coils (nit pick: there is no evaporator coil where you're using water cooled by the river or lake instead of DX) are designed on a dT (temperature difference) of around 10F to 15F between entering water temperature and leaving air temperature for practical reasons. That would mean a 60F entering water temperature would result in a leaving air temperature around 70F. This is not cold enough to do a significant amount of cooling, assuming that you're trying to maintain an indoor temperature of 5F or 10F higher. Getting a lower supply air temperature creates problems by requiring a lot of rows and fins, resulting in higher air pressure drops, and/or a lot of water being pumped through the coil. If you try to cool with the higher air temperatures, you end up needing a lot more air, which means even bigger coils, more fan power, and more water flow.
There's another, more important problem with using 60F water to cool the air (unless you're in a very dry climate). The minimum air supply temperature you can theoretically approach with 60F water is 60F, but you cannot dehumidify adequately without bringing the air down significantly below 60F.
I know this system has been used, but there can be some problems with it.
Copper piping can have a short life in many soil types.
There will be more refrigerant in the system, which can add some complications and expense.
I wonder how they handle oil return when operating in the heat pump mode?
"Closed-loop wells" refers to an actual closed loop of piping, using double pipes with return bends at the bottom installed in well holes. Pumping well water up and using it directly,whether or not the well water was returned to the ground, would be known as an open loop, since the pipes are open at one (or both) end(s). Such open loops are almost never used anymore, due to environmental concerns about wasting water or returning possibly contaminated water to the underground source.
Congress likes to write vague laws, like the EPA shall set maximum exposure limits for such-and-such toxin. Then, it's up to the EPA to research the health effects of such-and-such and set exposure limits, and particaulr rules on how to measure and/or achieve those limits. Then, (or before then) the President may issue an executive order telling the EPA how to do its' job.
Sure there is: 01-01-1 BC == 01-01-0 AD. (discounting Julian / Gregorian / Hebrew calendar changes)
I believe their biggest (dwindling) presence is in POS. (that's Point Of Sale, not the other meaning you may have reason to think of)
That's one of the reasons so many companies incorporate in Delaware.
No, you can be pro-science without being anti-religion, and you can be pro-religion without being anti-science.
For any system of understanding, even scientific ones based on pure logic using facts supported by data, you have to begin with some axioms, postulates, or principles, etc. that must be taken on faith. Most religious people question and examine their religious assumptions, despite some religions condemning doubt. Science does not encourage all scientific assumptions to be examined and questioned, since you always need a framework to work within. So it would take a lot of work to overcome fundamental assumptions of science even in the face of good evidence to the contrary. Rational people in both fields (not that there are many people who are often rational) should be able to find a lot of common ground. Don't let the anti-science of particular intolerant religions lead you to conclude that science requires you to be anti-religion in general.
For what it's worth, you make some good points in the rest of your post.
The whole patent "Claims" seems to be a single sentence containing a long list.
Intersting that in that review, they talk about how great the Psion "Word" application is, and how people not in the know tend to confuse it with "Microsoft Word".
Not that I think a common word such as "Word" deserves trademark protection, anyway.
Fixed that for you (more or less)
Technically, an explosion is not the same.
oops
Not for the Mac ads.
The GP's concept above might need some additional dialog for the general public to understand, but the Verizon ads suggests that they'll get it.
Blanket vaccination policies didn't quite work in the effort to eliminate smallpox.
A change to aggressive targeted vaccintaion policies did the trick.
Even if all people were immunized, most pathogens would have hosts in which to breed and evolve - animals. Smallpox is a notable exception, and that is why it has been "eradicated" (still existing in labs), whereas other diseases preventable by vaccination are still around.
Another, smaller problem: not all vaccinations result in perfect immunity, and most immunity does not last forever. Luckily, having 80% of the potential hosts immunized may in some cases be enough to prevent transmission and eventually have the pathogen die off.
Slightly differently, smallpox was eradicated only after they quit trying to immunize 100% of the population and targeted immunizations to known hot-spots.
You may be the one having problems with statistics: Teenagers and adults usually recover from whooping cough with no complications.
Most babies treated for whooping cough overcome the condition without lasting effects, but the risk of complications exists until the infection clears.
My daughter had whooping cough. We went through a miserable but manageable six weeks or so of coughing, but it was never suggested by any doctor that her life may be in danger.
(it seems that preview thinks "http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/whooping-cough" is "[slashdot]" but I'll submit and let's see)
Yes, fevers are dangerous
That does not mean that it is more dangerous than the chance of getting the disease, though.
The immunity from vaccines often wears off over time, anyway, and somteimes don't work in the first place. Hence, booster shots, whcih still don't always make the immunity last through adulthood. However, if it's mostly effective, it will prevent epdiemics and make the public health issues controllable
One of the things that make this a hard problem is that if everyone else gets vaccinated, then risk from the vaccine is probably not worth it to you (there might be an animal host that still puts you at risk for the disease). If there are a significant number of other people not immune, then you will weigh the risks and benefits to yourself, which are not especially well documented, especially for new vaccines. And so the risks to society are not well lined up with the risks to an individual.
Mt son got a fever of over 105 from the MMR, though he got over it in a couple of days.
Being told by the doctor that it was just a coincidence was pretty insulting, as a fever is a pretty common side effect of vaccines.
Also, a fever that high, even in an infant, can be fairly serious and needs to be controlled and brought down to prevent permanent damage.
An OEM who wants to list the low end notebook for $399 instead of $408
Movies, music and software have always been priced way above the marginal cost per copy, mostly because copyrights give a monolpoly that eliminates competition
The true price might not be zero, but the point isn't that a business will ignore the inital development costs, but that after recovering the original investment, they would begin to drop the price torwards the marginal costs.
GP was about how users tend to click thru AV warnings when installing software, so, yeah, those used to UAC warnings are gonna have extra training to just click thru if the AV pops up a warning, too.
IMHO, in spite of the crappy atmosphere, poor selection, and high prices, the real reason Circuit City failed is that their stock value was tied into growth. As long they were adding new stores (and they were adding them at pretty fast clip in the 90s), their bottom line was growing, and they could look like a good stock, and borrow money to build more stores. But there inevitably comes the time when they saturate the market, even without considering the competition, and run out of reasonable places to build. And then they struggle to keep up profits, remodel, lay off, reduce services, and go bankrupt.