It does not work between Cisco and FreeS/WAN (1.99), and all I have been able to find on Google is posts from people with the same problem. The link just does not work when compression is enabled.
I would like to enable encryption on my link to work, but as soon as I do so the link dies. It works OK between FreeS/WANs and between Ciscos but not between the two...
Your comparison is between software raid as you found it in Linux, and "hardware raid" as you once found it on a certain raid controller.
The limitations and versatility are not determined by the "software or hardware" ("hardware" being software on a dedicated raid controller) but by the design of the specific software under consideration.
True, the software raid in Linux is quite versatile, but there is no reason why a raid controller could not work with two disks of different sizes and use part of one disk in a mirror and the remainder as a standalone disk. But as you point out, not all controllers may be able to do that.
Furthermore, a software raid-1 solution in the kernel would theoretically be able to perform better than a hardware raid-1 controller, because read operations can be distributed between the drives and the kernel can know more about operations coming up and do better optimization of locality than a loosely-attached raid controller can. However, the Linux kernel, when I last looked, does not take real advantage of that. The read operations are distributed over the drives, but there is no separate elevator optimization for the drives making up the array.
Hot-swapping has nothing to do with all this. It can be done when your hardware allows it, and IDE hardware cannot. But SCA drives can be used with software raid, and the brave hacker hotswaps any SCSI drive.
There is a nasty problem with the Linux software raid: when 1 sector fails to read in a raid-1 array, the entire drive containing that sector (better: the entire partition) is marked bad and taken offline (no longer updated). When another single sector on the other disk fails, you have a real problem! More reasonable in this case would be to read the failed sector from the other disk, and attempt to write it back on the failed disk. When that succeeds, try to read it again, and it may be OK because the drive may have re-mapped the bad sector or rewriting may have fixed a soft error. So the soft-failed drive remains online and further errors can be handled. (of course the failure would still be logged for examination by the administrator)
No, when a drive returns bad data a raid-5 array would be able to detect that fact, but it would not be able to correct the problem. The same holds true for the raid-1 setup. (and in practice, the error would not even be detected as the driver would only read the disk where it expects the correct data to be)
Basically, when your hardware does not signal read errors, you have a problem. It would be possible to have a 3-disk raid-1 setup and a "2 out of 3 vote" system. But normally a raid system just reads the data from a single disk, and when that fails it attempts to read from the other disk(s) and to reconstruct the data.
While it is an understandable thing to do in that era, designing an OS "for a processor" is not really helping the market for alternative processors.
Of course Linux was designed "for the 386" as well... but look on how many different processors it is running now. Even 32 and 64 bit variants.
On the other hand, Microsoft has hardcoded so much processor design in their OSes of those days that the change from 16 to 32 bit on the Intel platform was such a big operation that they even tried to impress the end-user with that. End-users were supposed to understand that "32-bit" was new and better.
I feared that the same would happen for 64-bit, but it seems they have now understood that such internal details are not of interest to Joe on the street.
An OS design that is not so tightly related to the processor type and the number of bits it has (or the endianess) would have given other processors a much better chance on the market.
No, it isn't practical. Browsers have "evolved" in the meantime to include support for all kinds of nifty additions to the web, and using a browser from those days really isn't useful anymore. Same holds for many apps.
In fact, using Linux the situation is worse than with Windows 98, IE, and Office97. That would work quite well. The Linux counterparts of these are all too bulky and too slow to be useful.
Of course the binary-only world of desktop software, dominated by our favourite monopoly, doomed every architecture different from the x86 in those days. Look where the Motorola 68k line went.
Perhaps it would have been different a decade later, when Linux would have been an alternative OS for new processors.
The best way is to make sure this way of advertisement of your services is illegal in the USA, and actively go after those that still do it.
90% or more of all SPAM advertises a product or service in the USA. While it may be difficult to track the spammer, it should be simple for law enforcement agencies to track down the actual advertiser. I cannot imagine one would not be able to find the guy who offers you a low-interest mortgage, for example. Make him go out of business. Then his competitors will no longer spam. Same for the sale of unlicensed health products.
Yes, I think the XBL is essentially the same thing.
There is one minor difference: the XBL seems to be targeting systems that relay spam mail, while the VIRBL targets systems that are actively spreading a mail virus/worm.
Because most of these viruses are spread with the goal of opening the victim systems as a spam relay, there will be many duplicates between those lists.
The picture ain't that good either. The geometry is better than a badly-aligned CRT (standard in consumer TV sets, even of $2000!), but the color quality is much, much worse. The responsetime is usually not good either, and while the viewing angle is getting bette, there usually is a blue or green background color when looking at a large angle.
I am looking around for a new TV set. I checked some different makes of CRT TVs and it amazes me how bad the geometry is on 2000 Euro TV sets, when compared to 200 Euro computer monitors. And it usually is not even customer-settable! Every computer monitor has these 5 buttons that allow you to align many things using an onscreen menu, but on TV sets this is hidden in a service menu that is only accessible when you know the secret code.
This has nothing to do with Xfree86, it is a working method developed in the X11 project. The decision was probably made before MS Windows existed, certainly before it came in wide use.
This is what makes Spamcop so utterly useless as a spamfilter! When people feel a mailsystem should not have sent a certain message to them, they report it as a spammer. The result is that many systems that are not spamming at all (in the sense of sending unwanted commercial messages to lists of addresses) end up on the blocklist.
While prices are a bit lower here, the government is even more creative! When oil prices went up, they kept the tax percentage constant. So for every oil price increase, they got an equal (relative) tax income increase. Then, oil prices dropped. Tax revenue decreased, and a "temporary" fixed tax was added to compensate for that. Compensate??? Yes, really. Now oil prices are going up and up, and the idea of removing this fixed tax is completely out of the question. Probably it is going to be increased as soon as oil prices drop again.
True, but fuel taxes are used for now because they are a reasonably easy to enforce method of usage-dependant taxation on cars. The tax does not apply to home heating because it is not intended to decrease fuel usage but to provide income for road maintenance etc.
New technology will make it feasible to tax car usage directly. Systems are proposed (and have been developed) that record all your movements as returned by a GPS receiver in a kind of blackbox system, to be read out by authorities. While this has many, many disadvantages it at least allows to sell fuel for normal prices again.
Is that really true? It was true on my previous cars, but on my latest one, which I have now owned for 13 years, there are very few owner-repairable things in and around the engine. No carburetor, no distributor cap, no breaker points, no adjustable valve timings, no ignition adjustments, etc etc. It does not seem a recent development.
A couple of months ago it would not start. After some analysis I found the fuel pump would not come on, but I never really figured out why. And neither did the repair shop, but unfortunately they insisted that it was caused by a defect in the fuse box and wanted to replace it. That fixed it, but I think it most likely was just a loose connector.
Slashdot Mirror
>Use a hardware firewall, or a decent router with a firewall built in, instead of depending on something that's software-based.
A hardware firewall?
That is just a box with a microcontroller that runs a piece of software!
It will be fun when one of these develops a vulnerability and everybody has to update "the hardware"...
It needs support from some router manufacturers to become viable. Cisco would be nice, but it could start with Draytek, ZyXEL, etc.
It does not work between Cisco and FreeS/WAN (1.99), and all I have been able to find on Google is posts from people with the same problem. The link just does not work when compression is enabled.
Does it work with Cisco?
FreeS/Wan doesn't.
I would like to enable encryption on my link to work, but as soon as I do so the link dies.
It works OK between FreeS/WANs and between Ciscos but not between the two...
Tell him about Software Assurance!
Your comparison is between software raid as you found it in Linux, and "hardware raid" as you once found it on a certain raid controller.
The limitations and versatility are not determined by the "software or hardware" ("hardware" being software on a dedicated raid controller) but by the design of the specific software under consideration.
True, the software raid in Linux is quite versatile, but there is no reason why a raid controller could not work with two disks of different sizes and use part of one disk in a mirror and the remainder as a standalone disk.
But as you point out, not all controllers may be able to do that.
Furthermore, a software raid-1 solution in the kernel would theoretically be able to perform better than a hardware raid-1 controller, because read operations can be distributed between the drives and the kernel can know more about operations coming up and do better optimization of locality than a loosely-attached raid controller can.
However, the Linux kernel, when I last looked, does not take real advantage of that. The read operations are distributed over the drives, but there is no separate elevator optimization for the drives making up the array.
Hot-swapping has nothing to do with all this. It can be done when your hardware allows it, and IDE hardware cannot. But SCA drives can be used with software raid, and the brave hacker hotswaps any SCSI drive.
There is a nasty problem with the Linux software raid: when 1 sector fails to read in a raid-1 array, the entire drive containing that sector (better: the entire partition) is marked bad and taken offline (no longer updated).
When another single sector on the other disk fails, you have a real problem!
More reasonable in this case would be to read the failed sector from the other disk, and attempt to write it back on the failed disk. When that succeeds, try to read it again, and it may be OK because the drive may have re-mapped the bad sector or rewriting may have fixed a soft error.
So the soft-failed drive remains online and further errors can be handled.
(of course the failure would still be logged for examination by the administrator)
No, when a drive returns bad data a raid-5 array would be able to detect that fact, but it would not be able to correct the problem.
The same holds true for the raid-1 setup.
(and in practice, the error would not even be detected as the driver would only read the disk where it expects the correct data to be)
Basically, when your hardware does not signal read errors, you have a problem. It would be possible to have a 3-disk raid-1 setup and a "2 out of 3 vote" system. But normally a raid system just reads the data from a single disk, and when that fails it attempts to read from the other disk(s) and to reconstruct the data.
While it is an understandable thing to do in that era, designing an OS "for a processor" is not really helping the market for alternative processors.
Of course Linux was designed "for the 386" as well... but look on how many different processors it is running now. Even 32 and 64 bit variants.
On the other hand, Microsoft has hardcoded so much processor design in their OSes of those days that the change from 16 to 32 bit on the Intel platform was such a big operation that they even tried to impress the end-user with that. End-users were supposed to understand that "32-bit" was new and better.
I feared that the same would happen for 64-bit, but it seems they have now understood that such internal details are not of interest to Joe on the street.
An OS design that is not so tightly related to the processor type and the number of bits it has (or the endianess) would have given other processors a much better chance on the market.
No, it isn't practical.
Browsers have "evolved" in the meantime to include support for all kinds of nifty additions to the web, and using a browser from those days really isn't useful anymore.
Same holds for many apps.
In fact, using Linux the situation is worse than with Windows 98, IE, and Office97. That would work quite well. The Linux counterparts of these are all too bulky and too slow to be useful.
Of course the binary-only world of desktop software, dominated by our favourite monopoly, doomed every architecture different from the x86 in those days.
Look where the Motorola 68k line went.
Perhaps it would have been different a decade later, when Linux would have been an alternative OS for new processors.
The best way is to make sure this way of advertisement of your services is illegal in the USA, and actively go after those that still do it.
90% or more of all SPAM advertises a product or service in the USA. While it may be difficult to track the spammer, it should be simple for law enforcement agencies to track down the actual advertiser.
I cannot imagine one would not be able to find the guy who offers you a low-interest mortgage, for example. Make him go out of business. Then his competitors will no longer spam.
Same for the sale of unlicensed health products.
Yes, I think the XBL is essentially the same thing.
There is one minor difference: the XBL seems to be targeting systems that relay spam mail, while the VIRBL targets systems that are actively spreading a mail virus/worm.
Because most of these viruses are spread with the goal of opening the victim systems as a spam relay, there will be many duplicates between those lists.
Windows XP does that too, doesn't it?
Probably 2 things:
1. People want to buy them at that price
2. They are more expensive to produce than CRTs.
The picture ain't that good either. The geometry is better than a badly-aligned CRT (standard in consumer TV sets, even of $2000!), but the color quality is much, much worse. The responsetime is usually not good either, and while the viewing angle is getting bette, there usually is a blue or green background color when looking at a large angle.
I am looking around for a new TV set. I checked some different makes of CRT TVs and it amazes me how bad the geometry is on 2000 Euro TV sets, when compared to 200 Euro computer monitors. And it usually is not even customer-settable! Every computer monitor has these 5 buttons that allow you to align many things using an onscreen menu, but on TV sets this is hidden in a service menu that is only accessible when you know the secret code.
True, that is only 6 bits per color.
It will not look very good as a TV screen, I think... as an information display it is OK.
This has nothing to do with Xfree86, it is a working method developed in the X11 project.
The decision was probably made before MS Windows existed, certainly before it came in wide use.
Did you write that joke that they call an SMTP server?
(WebShield SMTP V4.5 MR1a)
> I report all that to Spamcop
This is what makes Spamcop so utterly useless as a spamfilter!
When people feel a mailsystem should not have sent a certain message to them, they report it as a spammer. The result is that many systems that are not spamming at all (in the sense of sending unwanted commercial messages to lists of addresses) end up on the blocklist.
That is correct. But this manual was not part of the standard PC shipment, you had to order it as an extra documentation item.
(interestingly, a BASIC reference manual was usually included with PC systems those days!)
While prices are a bit lower here, the government is even more creative!
When oil prices went up, they kept the tax percentage constant. So for every oil price increase, they got an equal (relative) tax income increase.
Then, oil prices dropped. Tax revenue decreased, and a "temporary" fixed tax was added to compensate for that. Compensate??? Yes, really.
Now oil prices are going up and up, and the idea of removing this fixed tax is completely out of the question. Probably it is going to be increased as soon as oil prices drop again.
True, but fuel taxes are used for now because they are a reasonably easy to enforce method of usage-dependant taxation on cars.
The tax does not apply to home heating because it is not intended to decrease fuel usage but to provide income for road maintenance etc.
New technology will make it feasible to tax car usage directly. Systems are proposed (and have been developed) that record all your movements as returned by a GPS receiver in a kind of blackbox system, to be read out by authorities. While this has many, many disadvantages it at least allows to sell fuel for normal prices again.
Is that really true?
It was true on my previous cars, but on my latest one, which I have now owned for 13 years, there are very few owner-repairable things in and around the engine. No carburetor, no distributor cap, no breaker points, no adjustable valve timings, no ignition adjustments, etc etc. It does not seem a recent development.
A couple of months ago it would not start. After some analysis I found the fuel pump would not come on, but I never really figured out why. And neither did the repair shop, but unfortunately they insisted that it was caused by a defect in the fuse box and wanted to replace it. That fixed it, but I think it most likely was just a loose connector.
This is becoming more and more like Ken Thompson's "?" light!
Think about it.
Has Microsoft been able to do that for Windows?
When you get "out of memory", what does it mean?
I don't understand what you are complaining about. Here in the Netherlands we pay about 1.30 euro/litre which is about $5.50 per gallon.