It doesn't take this to be off grid; the benefit of the grid is to more transparently accommodate peak loads, and due to the fact that your PV system has to be substantially oversized to generate adequate power on an overcast winter day, relative to cool summer day usage. Being on the grid lets you put that power to use.
The long term benefit is stretching the period over which solar power is used; this will reduce the impact of peak pricing. I like the idea; I was actually going to build a 10kWh flooded lead acid system to do the same thing. Effectively you move the cost of peaking directly to the consumer.
The potential down side is you end up with more widespread Critical Peak Pricing schemes, which jack up the cost of electricity on hot summer days to punative rates.
This would be a great solution for a local energy co-op to run low voltage wiring between homes and businesses all trying to be net producers of electricity, but I am not sold on how it works with the current utility grid model.
Assuming you get 2,000 cycles out of the battery, at $350/kWh(B) it is $0.175/kWh shifted. Further assuming 80% round-trip efficiency you are at about $0.22/kWh that needs to be saved to pay for the system. Add in a 5% cost of capital and you need your off-peak energy to be $0.25 less than peak period.
Stated another way, 2,000 cycles is 5.5 years. If you combine a 4kW PV system (roughly $16k) with this, you have an annualized cost of energy of $2,400 (assuming no interest). If you stretch the life to 10 years the cost goes down somewhat, but it is still going to be expensive.
Don't get me wrong; what Tesla is offering is a huge opportunity to make renewable energy viable for the masses, and will likely buy one for my next home. It just requires energy prices to be much higher (or large subsidies) to be economically viable.
Problem is the EFB always needs to be up to date and synchronized between pilot and copilot. I imagine the problem was associated with a Jeppsen update more than the ipad, but the recent wifi hack does bring that into question some...
And it's cost is twice what a lead acid solution could be made for. I priced a peak shaving battery for a commercial building, and we were looking at a cost of $300/kWh for the battery, and a savings over the 1,000 cycles of...$250/kWh(B).
The big challenge for utilities is the 5/6-7/8PM time frame when solar production drops to near zero and lighting consumption goes up. Batteries are a good solution for time shifting noon-3PM production to this window. This will be economical when peak pricing shifts from 12-6PM to 1-7PM. It has already shifted one hour from 5 years ago. Unfortunately, this will make PV a worse payback.
Thermodynamics. You are using at least twice the energy to convert the CO2 and H2O to diesel as the chemical energy in the diesel. Factor in efficiency of the engine that is burning said diesel, and you are at best around 15% efficiency, but 8% is much more likely.
In contrast, using the "renewable energy source" directly yields much higher net benefit.
Effectively, this is a battery with terrible efficiency meant to make the oil industry look green.
Now, as I said in my original post, sometimes 8% efficiency isn't bad-- if it is able to use energy that would otherwise be wasted. Usually that is not the case with a process that requires heating something to 800C, but who knows.
All well and good, but doesn't exactly solve the problem of greenhouse gas emissions.
The most interesting application of things like this is if they can take advantage of spikes of excess energy availability-- essentially making them a battery.
No different than when the "talkie" was expected to revolutionize education. The thing that drives teacher count and pay is the need to adapt the education to individual pupils.
Moreover, if the Tech doesn't have any child skills, it will likely be a 1:20 ratio, and you are right back at $1/student hour just for the tech.
Change needs to happen, but the most economical solution is parent involvement.
Ok, how about the fact that credit card numbers are stored in the memory dump of the unit? When encrypted, credit cards storage uses a symmetric key? Servers are regularly stolen, but the drives are not encrypted? The software must be installed as the admin user?
From a security perspective, these units really are a POS and a betrayal of trust by the vendors. Most retailers do not have staff on-property to do IT security, so they out-source it. They have been charged an arm and a leg, but do not get a secure, reliable system.
The actual presentation is much worse than just passwords.
Really pathetic that "chip and sign" won't do much to fix these issues. Disappointed that they didn't shame the manufacturer, although there are really only 3 left now among the majors.
(And sadly, the link to that presentation's directory is "writeable." Sometimes even security specialists get it wrong...)
I have had about 12 people resign in the past year. 3 Joined up to start a new company, 3 went to work for one competitor, 2 sought better pay, 2 had similar issues to pay (commute), and the remaining two made quality of life moves.
While only the three were real assholes about it, all twelve were technically disgruntled.
For the record, as a "nerd," I fully understand how to completely invade the privacy of my employees. I consider those actions unethical. They are entitled to be disgruntled, and I need to understand when they are unhappy and do my best to address it. Reality is that people that have a honest need to change, but value their employment handle things differently. They communicate well in advance of two weeks notice, and they provide options for both parties. They are not afraid of being treated like outsiders; they are still invested in mutual success.
There is this concept about burning your bridges. Being that person that just leaves without notice might catch up to you.
I had to give four months notice for a job; that is absurd. Two weeks keeps options open. Employees are also eligible for unemployment insurance, while employers don't have "cog insurance". Employees can dispute wrongful dismissal. The balance of power is much more equal than most people realize, until you get up to companies with over 5,000 employees or so.
From a liability standpoint, if you have a departing employee doing anything important and things go wrong then you are in big trouble. I saw one company go bankrupt in a week after a departing employee was overseeing a critical cut-over that resulted in an outage, and I have had problems with a departing employee putting out a crap product just because he didn't care anymore.
Moreover, from past experience, there are a significant number of people that resign and provide "proper" notice that have plans to compete against said former employer. The really maniacal ones start about a year before they leave, and shift communications to personal email addresses and phone numbers, and in innocuously start using a Box account for confidential information.
They have also likely copied everything off the servers they might want in the future.
Pretty much everyone that quits feels like they have been wronged by their employer, and their new employer will make everything right.
A prudent approach though is to ensure logging of all activity, in case things do come down to a lawsuit. I don't think that level of logging is ethical for active employees, but having the ability to do it is very useful.
The other thing that should be considered is a reviewer of any outgoing emails.
Per California ISO, which may not be representative of global production, and using yesterday's data we have: Source / Peak MW / Daily Production MWh Solar Thermal / 543 / 2,759 Solar PV / 5,164 / 48,086 Wind / 2,366 / 25,584 Small Hydro / 199 / 3,615 Biogas / 206 / 4,716 Geothermal / 1,058 / 25,120 (Source: http://www.caiso.com/market/Pa...)
Solar PV has over twice the peak capacity and just under twice the total production.
I tried Texas' ERCOT, but they don't have as good of breakdowns. Their wind production is about half of California's at 1,359MW.
Much of the issue (misconception) is smaller wind turbines. However, by definition a wind turbine is working hard to absorb most of that inertia into the generator, so there is variability on an individual machine level. The overall grid smooths things out. The complaints I have been hearing are that power flow direction and magnitude can change sharply with the wind turbines, creating challenges for the protective relays.
Sodium Sulfur batteries work great on a diurnal basis, but they seem less effective in short-term cycles, much like most battery technologies.
On the wind side there are substantial additional costs over dispatchable sources; they might not be borne by the wind farm traditionally, but it seems to be increasing.
Photovoltaics are absolutely fantastic for distributed generation at a building level. Solar thermal is great for grid-scale power generation. Photovoltaic is not a great grid-scale solution precisely because it is a good DG solution.
Wind only works at grid scale. The power formula simply favors the largest turbine, mounted with the hub as high as possible. That does not work for distributed solutions.
What does not seem to be resolved today is how to actually connect 2-5MW wind turbines to the grid without negatively impacting grid stability.
There are likely easy paths and harder paths in. If you can't put a malicious CD or USB stick in and take control, you hit one level. If you can't plug a device into a port under the hood that can take over control, that is another hurdle. Ultimately though, you need to keep the system secure from the OnStar and its ilk being an attack vector. From fairly credible reports, this is not the case.
USB-C in and of itself is likely OK (not nearly as robust as Lightning though); my main complaint is not at least having a standard USB port available on the power brick to allow for using some existing dongle while charging.
No, it heralds the beginning of another cycle of replacing various dongles and endless cables, much like what will happen when USB-C is eventually replaced with a standard that can accommodate 5K or 8K displays, more power, etc., which would generally be anticipated in about 3-4 years.
It wouldn't be that big of a deal to me, except for the fact that I need at least three sets of adapters for home, office, and weekend place, and ideally a fourth set for my travel bag. Between Ethernet, VGA, DVI, HDMI, USB, and SD this seems like a mess for me.
But what really pisses me off is that none of my USB receptacles that I have hard-wired in will work with the power requirements for the USB-C devices.
Spratley islands is a long way from last communications-- the middle of the gulf of Thailand. The oil rig worker sighting makes me wonder if it really did go down there, but it doesn't make any sense either.
The biggest advantage in my book is simplifying inheritance issues. For taxes, it doesn't become an issue until you have more than $100k income per year; the paperwork is fairly easy to file up until you have (guessing) about $250k income. At that point, the offsets become important and you need to be more careful. Although it was 10 years ago, when I was last living abroad the forms only took an hour max to complete, due to actual tax liability in the US based on no local income taxes.
It all really depends on what the kids want to do. Having two passports is pretty nice for a wide variety of situations, if you like to travel or want to live in another country for a long time without proper paperwork...
Slashdot Mirror
It doesn't take this to be off grid; the benefit of the grid is to more transparently accommodate peak loads, and due to the fact that your PV system has to be substantially oversized to generate adequate power on an overcast winter day, relative to cool summer day usage. Being on the grid lets you put that power to use.
Same thing happens with wind.
The long term benefit is stretching the period over which solar power is used; this will reduce the impact of peak pricing. I like the idea; I was actually going to build a 10kWh flooded lead acid system to do the same thing. Effectively you move the cost of peaking directly to the consumer.
The potential down side is you end up with more widespread Critical Peak Pricing schemes, which jack up the cost of electricity on hot summer days to punative rates.
This would be a great solution for a local energy co-op to run low voltage wiring between homes and businesses all trying to be net producers of electricity, but I am not sold on how it works with the current utility grid model.
Assuming you get 2,000 cycles out of the battery, at $350/kWh(B) it is $0.175/kWh shifted. Further assuming 80% round-trip efficiency you are at about $0.22/kWh that needs to be saved to pay for the system. Add in a 5% cost of capital and you need your off-peak energy to be $0.25 less than peak period.
Stated another way, 2,000 cycles is 5.5 years. If you combine a 4kW PV system (roughly $16k) with this, you have an annualized cost of energy of $2,400 (assuming no interest). If you stretch the life to 10 years the cost goes down somewhat, but it is still going to be expensive.
Don't get me wrong; what Tesla is offering is a huge opportunity to make renewable energy viable for the masses, and will likely buy one for my next home. It just requires energy prices to be much higher (or large subsidies) to be economically viable.
Problem is the EFB always needs to be up to date and synchronized between pilot and copilot. I imagine the problem was associated with a Jeppsen update more than the ipad, but the recent wifi hack does bring that into question some...
And it's cost is twice what a lead acid solution could be made for. I priced a peak shaving battery for a commercial building, and we were looking at a cost of $300/kWh for the battery, and a savings over the 1,000 cycles of ...$250/kWh(B).
The big challenge for utilities is the 5/6-7/8PM time frame when solar production drops to near zero and lighting consumption goes up. Batteries are a good solution for time shifting noon-3PM production to this window. This will be economical when peak pricing shifts from 12-6PM to 1-7PM. It has already shifted one hour from 5 years ago. Unfortunately, this will make PV a worse payback.
Thermodynamics. You are using at least twice the energy to convert the CO2 and H2O to diesel as the chemical energy in the diesel. Factor in efficiency of the engine that is burning said diesel, and you are at best around 15% efficiency, but 8% is much more likely.
In contrast, using the "renewable energy source" directly yields much higher net benefit.
Effectively, this is a battery with terrible efficiency meant to make the oil industry look green.
Now, as I said in my original post, sometimes 8% efficiency isn't bad-- if it is able to use energy that would otherwise be wasted. Usually that is not the case with a process that requires heating something to 800C, but who knows.
All well and good, but doesn't exactly solve the problem of greenhouse gas emissions.
The most interesting application of things like this is if they can take advantage of spikes of excess energy availability-- essentially making them a battery.
No different than when the "talkie" was expected to revolutionize education. The thing that drives teacher count and pay is the need to adapt the education to individual pupils.
Moreover, if the Tech doesn't have any child skills, it will likely be a 1:20 ratio, and you are right back at $1/student hour just for the tech.
Change needs to happen, but the most economical solution is parent involvement.
Ok, how about the fact that credit card numbers are stored in the memory dump of the unit? When encrypted, credit cards storage uses a symmetric key? Servers are regularly stolen, but the drives are not encrypted? The software must be installed as the admin user?
From a security perspective, these units really are a POS and a betrayal of trust by the vendors. Most retailers do not have staff on-property to do IT security, so they out-source it. They have been charged an arm and a leg, but do not get a secure, reliable system.
The actual presentation is much worse than just passwords.
Really pathetic that "chip and sign" won't do much to fix these issues. Disappointed that they didn't shame the manufacturer, although there are really only 3 left now among the majors.
(And sadly, the link to that presentation's directory is "writeable." Sometimes even security specialists get it wrong...)
How big of a battery bank do you have?
For what it is worth, I am the employer.
I have had about 12 people resign in the past year. 3 Joined up to start a new company, 3 went to work for one competitor, 2 sought better pay, 2 had similar issues to pay (commute), and the remaining two made quality of life moves.
While only the three were real assholes about it, all twelve were technically disgruntled.
For the record, as a "nerd," I fully understand how to completely invade the privacy of my employees. I consider those actions unethical. They are entitled to be disgruntled, and I need to understand when they are unhappy and do my best to address it. Reality is that people that have a honest need to change, but value their employment handle things differently. They communicate well in advance of two weeks notice, and they provide options for both parties. They are not afraid of being treated like outsiders; they are still invested in mutual success.
There is this concept about burning your bridges. Being that person that just leaves without notice might catch up to you.
I had to give four months notice for a job; that is absurd. Two weeks keeps options open. Employees are also eligible for unemployment insurance, while employers don't have "cog insurance". Employees can dispute wrongful dismissal. The balance of power is much more equal than most people realize, until you get up to companies with over 5,000 employees or so.
From a liability standpoint, if you have a departing employee doing anything important and things go wrong then you are in big trouble. I saw one company go bankrupt in a week after a departing employee was overseeing a critical cut-over that resulted in an outage, and I have had problems with a departing employee putting out a crap product just because he didn't care anymore.
HR over reacts, but they are playing it safe.
Moreover, from past experience, there are a significant number of people that resign and provide "proper" notice that have plans to compete against said former employer. The really maniacal ones start about a year before they leave, and shift communications to personal email addresses and phone numbers, and in innocuously start using a Box account for confidential information.
They have also likely copied everything off the servers they might want in the future.
Pretty much everyone that quits feels like they have been wronged by their employer, and their new employer will make everything right.
A prudent approach though is to ensure logging of all activity, in case things do come down to a lawsuit. I don't think that level of logging is ethical for active employees, but having the ability to do it is very useful.
The other thing that should be considered is a reviewer of any outgoing emails.
Autocorrect seems to make their there's worse. They're not always at fault.
Per California ISO, which may not be representative of global production, and using yesterday's data we have:
Source / Peak MW / Daily Production MWh
Solar Thermal / 543 / 2,759
Solar PV / 5,164 / 48,086
Wind / 2,366 / 25,584
Small Hydro / 199 / 3,615
Biogas / 206 / 4,716
Geothermal / 1,058 / 25,120
(Source: http://www.caiso.com/market/Pa...)
Solar PV has over twice the peak capacity and just under twice the total production.
I tried Texas' ERCOT, but they don't have as good of breakdowns. Their wind production is about half of California's at 1,359MW.
Much of the issue (misconception) is smaller wind turbines. However, by definition a wind turbine is working hard to absorb most of that inertia into the generator, so there is variability on an individual machine level. The overall grid smooths things out. The complaints I have been hearing are that power flow direction and magnitude can change sharply with the wind turbines, creating challenges for the protective relays.
Sodium Sulfur batteries work great on a diurnal basis, but they seem less effective in short-term cycles, much like most battery technologies.
On the wind side there are substantial additional costs over dispatchable sources; they might not be borne by the wind farm traditionally, but it seems to be increasing.
Photovoltaics are absolutely fantastic for distributed generation at a building level. Solar thermal is great for grid-scale power generation. Photovoltaic is not a great grid-scale solution precisely because it is a good DG solution.
Wind only works at grid scale. The power formula simply favors the largest turbine, mounted with the hub as high as possible. That does not work for distributed solutions.
What does not seem to be resolved today is how to actually connect 2-5MW wind turbines to the grid without negatively impacting grid stability.
There are likely easy paths and harder paths in. If you can't put a malicious CD or USB stick in and take control, you hit one level. If you can't plug a device into a port under the hood that can take over control, that is another hurdle. Ultimately though, you need to keep the system secure from the OnStar and its ilk being an attack vector. From fairly credible reports, this is not the case.
USB-C in and of itself is likely OK (not nearly as robust as Lightning though); my main complaint is not at least having a standard USB port available on the power brick to allow for using some existing dongle while charging.
No, it heralds the beginning of another cycle of replacing various dongles and endless cables, much like what will happen when USB-C is eventually replaced with a standard that can accommodate 5K or 8K displays, more power, etc., which would generally be anticipated in about 3-4 years.
It wouldn't be that big of a deal to me, except for the fact that I need at least three sets of adapters for home, office, and weekend place, and ideally a fourth set for my travel bag. Between Ethernet, VGA, DVI, HDMI, USB, and SD this seems like a mess for me.
But what really pisses me off is that none of my USB receptacles that I have hard-wired in will work with the power requirements for the USB-C devices.
Spratley islands is a long way from last communications-- the middle of the gulf of Thailand. The oil rig worker sighting makes me wonder if it really did go down there, but it doesn't make any sense either.
The biggest advantage in my book is simplifying inheritance issues. For taxes, it doesn't become an issue until you have more than $100k income per year; the paperwork is fairly easy to file up until you have (guessing) about $250k income. At that point, the offsets become important and you need to be more careful. Although it was 10 years ago, when I was last living abroad the forms only took an hour max to complete, due to actual tax liability in the US based on no local income taxes.
It all really depends on what the kids want to do. Having two passports is pretty nice for a wide variety of situations, if you like to travel or want to live in another country for a long time without proper paperwork...