Domain: wtec.org
Stories and comments across the archive that link to wtec.org.
Comments · 22
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Re:WiFi works in:
Unless we're talking about using WiFi for tower-to-cantenna style paths, WiFi is pretty much insensitive to absorption in air. To a point where I bet we could easily have 95% humidity at 10 atmospheres and there'd be no noticeable effect on propagation. In satellite communications, clear air (whether humid or not) absorbs a couple dB. So whatever is done by air in a building can be neglected, even if it was an order of magnitude or two more intense. WiFi signals from antennas with low directionality (as is the case with usual access points) are lost to building materials and to free space path loss (20dB power loss per decade of increase in distance). Interference from other sources in the ISM band causes additional degradation of SNR. And that's pretty much it.
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Re:Where have all the good people gone?
http://www.nsti.org/Nanotech2008/symposia/Nanotech_Neurology.html
http://www.bci-info.tugraz.at/bibliography_view
http://www.wtec.org/bci/workshop/01_Berger_Intro.pdf
Required steps:
Manufacture a micro-electrode array (pretty easy at this point)
Culture neurons (also doable)
Get the neurons to stick to the array in an orderly manner (this part is tricky: either they don't adhere, they adhere and die, too many adhere to one electrode and the clumps give a messy signal, etc.)
Wait a couple days and the neurons start firing (a crap shoot, sometimes they croak, get a bio guy to nurture them good)
Make sense out of the noisy signal (tough, the time scales on the signals is pretty quick)
Stimulate some neurons, see what the network response is (doable if all the previous steps worked perfectly)
Problems:
Power (TFA used 110V out of the wall and a robot battery; not as useful for inside a patient's skull)Communications (RF-MEMS is still a work in progress)
A useful product would be a network of invasive implants that don't cause (much) damage at the implant site and don't lose function over time. Link these to a logic module (outside the brain, but maybe inside the body or skull) that makes sense of the input and can tell the actuators what to stimulate. I think you'll need the logic module outside the invasive implant because you just don't have that much volume to play with in the implant.
I hope this leads to fruitful stuff. I wasn't very successful at it because my EE wasn't good enough to do the signal processing, my bio wasn't good enough to keep neurons happy or even alive, and I didn't much like working 80 hours/week for $12k/yr. I was good at the wet bench fab and wiring though...
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It's been a long time
Sure took a long time. The concept of perpendicular recording is relatively old - I remember work being done on it back in days when Microsoft was a cute little monkey. Here is a nice link that explains the process: http://www.wtec.org/loyola/hdmem/02_03.htm/ Intel has a note on it - no date, but this is for floppies... http://support.intel.com/design/archives/periphrl
/ docs/7281.htm Toshiba is working on this technology: http://www.nwfusion.com/news/2004/1214toshitous.ht ml/ The technology was used in tapes in 2002: http://www.internetnews.com/storage/article.php/15 01631 -
Flat Panel Displays FPD's
LCD's are still the most common FPD for many reasons including size, power consumption, contrast ration, brightness, and the fact that it's the most mature of the "new" display technologies (back in the 80's Japan became the world leader in LCD development).
The manufacturing process has progressed to a point where manufacturers consider only 3/4 pixels in a 32" display to be defective. The only major drawbacks to LCD's at this stage are response speed (fast moving images can get a little blurred), and their viewing angle.
There's a phenomenal amount of research going on into solving these problems, especially the viewing angle (something I was involved in myself indirectly). Even back in '98 companies like Mitsubishi had prototypes (.pdf) that outperform current commercial displays.
HDTV CRTs still outperform HDTV LCDs, but in for ordinary TVs LCDs have superior quality in terms of things like definition, image clarity, contrast ratio, so at this stage if you're after HDTV you really should stick with CRTs (unless you're prepared to wait another few years
Damn, too sleepy to finish this.......
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Re:Loons? Patriot II passed, try DNA
You may be correct.
I think we agree more than disagree.
My point is that regardles of the legal details the end result is that if you don't have the number and the card you are a non person. If the legal details are not in place now, wait for patriot III.
Next comes the chip...
NSF report on merging humans and technology. The hive mind is mentioned. (PDF)
They want to chip us all. These things can do more than identify you. The new models can track you and RECEIVE transmissions. Don't take the chip.
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Re:MSCFB
Scientists have already experimented with them; They mount a high-strength centrifuge onto a superconductor for levitation, and place it into a vaccuum. Right now, I think there are a few test units in place. Link. I think that Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage is more interesting; They store energy by building an enormously powerful magnetic field around a superconducting toroid. The neat thing is that, minus losses from cooling, the energy is stored for basically ever.
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some current research and conjecture...
is available here. one of the most promising techniques seems to be self-assembling nanowires and sensors running through the blood vessels of the brain. lots of facinating reading.
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Re:Field Strength
5.3 teslas apparently. (A tesla is a relatively large unit of magnetic flux density.) By comparison the Earth's natural magnetic field, the one that makes your compass turn, is ~0.00005 teslas.
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Re:call em information broker sugarbitchSorry, I'm not well versed in shit LCD displays, you must be through your use of inferior hardware.
But TFT is one of many Active Matrix technolgies. You make it sound as if you know quite a bit about display technology, but you come across as a PhD in display technology - as you do for most things. And you are not.
Over the past five years progress in active matrix liquid crystal displays (AMLCDs) has been spectacular. Five years ago the questions were whether these complex devices could be made and whether they would gain market acceptance. Today those questions have been answered affirmatively; the only remaining questions are how low the cost of AMLCDs can be, how fast they will penetrate the display market, and how good their ultimate performance will be.
Liquid crystal displays are inherently simple and are intrinsically capable of the high performance desired for many display applications. However, expecting adequate nonlinearity sufficient to operate high information content displays places an unreasonable burden on the liquid crystal (LC) material itself. The value of using nonlinear circuitry in series with the LC pixel (Lechner, 1971) was recognized quite early in the technology. The use of thin-film transistors (TFT) as the preferred nonlinear element is based on the pioneering work of Peter Brody (1973), the "father" of the TFT active matrix.
Although many active matrix technologies have been explored, the dominant ones today are hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin-film transistors, metal- insulator-metal (MIM) diodes, and low-temperature polysilicon (p-Si) thin-film transistors. Although a-Si TFTs were suggested quite early (LeComber, 1979), the first commercial product was a pocket TV that used polysilicon TFTs (Morozumi, 1985).
The active matrix is a method of addressing an array of simple LC cells--one cell per monochrome pixel. In its simplest form there is one thin-film transistor for each cell. This arrangement is shown in Figure 5.1.
Figure 5.1. Simple TFT Active Matrix Array
A row of pixels is selected by applying the appropriate select voltage to the select line connecting the TFT gates for that row of pixels. When a row of pixels is selected, we can apply a desired voltage to each pixel via its data line. When a pixel is selected, we want to apply a given voltage to that pixel alone and not to any nonselected pixels. Those nonselected pixels should be completely isolated from the voltages circulating through the array for the selected pixels. Ideally, the TFT active matrix can be considered as an array of ideal switches. The operation of this active matrix would be as follows:
Appropriate select voltages are applied to the gates of the first row of the TFTs while nonselect voltages are applied to the TFT gates in all other pixel rows.
Data voltages are applied at the same time to all of the column electrodes to charge each pixel in the selected row to the desired voltage.
The select voltage applied to the gates in the first row of TFTs is charged to a nonselect voltage.
Steps 1-3 are repeated for each succeeding row until all of the rows have been selected and the pixels charged to the desired voltages.
All rows are selected in one scanning period. Thus, if there are 500 lines and the time to load data into each selected line is 50 micro sec, then a single scanning period is 25 msec, for a field-scanning rate of 40 Hz.
The performance required of the TFTs in the active matrix depends on the display performance requirements--number of lines, number of gray levels, operating temperature, pixel density, and so forth. The TFT should behave as an ideal switch--zero on resistance and infinite off resistance. We can plot actual TFT on-current per micron of channel width and off-current per micron of channel width as a way to compare different TFTs and to predict their suitability for differing display applications (Firester, 1987). Figure 5.2 is this type of plot with a number of reported TFT data. An "ideal" TFT would be in the upper left corner of this chart.
Figure 5.2. TFT Leakage and Drive Characteristics
The need for address and data line drive circuitry is another general aspect of active matrix displays that should be considered. A 1000 x 1000 simple monochrome active matrix has 1 million TFTs and requires 2000 connections to external drive circuitry. Currently these external circuits use flex-printed circuit board connections, elastomeric interconnects, tape-automated bonding (Tomita, 1989), and even chip-on-glass technology (Ishihara, 1989). Cost projections for these external-drive circuits range from about 40% of the direct material costs of display manufacturing (Mentley, 1989) to about 50% of the total system costs (Firester, unpublished).
Many developers have been pursuing the integration of this drive circuitry with the active matrix itself. The basic supporting argument is that, given yields adequate to fabricate an active matrix with 1 million perfect TFTs, several tens of thousands additional TFTs forming the drive circuitry will not substantially decrease the overall yields. Indeed with redundancy the yields can be enhanced. Nonetheless there is disagreement whether total system yields are enhanced (Mentley, 1989; Morozumi, 1989) or decreased (Ishihara, 1989) by the addition of integrated drive circuitry.
Perhaps the application for which integrated drivers will be most important is LCD projectors. Here the system cost advantages of small LC light valve size push designs to smaller and smaller pixel periodicities, which also strain available fine- pitch external interconnect technologies.
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I think this is the same / links to MRAM articles
- Lay Language Summary of a paper presented by Stuart Parkin at the 1999 APS March Meeting
- Magnetic RAM cures your computer of short-term memory loss by Richard Butner
- IBM, Infineon looking to shake up memory market
- Instant Access Memory by David Voss
- How Magnetic RAM Will Work by Kevin Bonsor
- The Possibility of Commercial MRAM by John Dvorak
- Nanomagnetics (a chapter of Nanostructure Science and Technology: A Worldwide Study)
- Magnetic Random-Access Memory Promises PC Changes
- IBM says breakthrough will enable commercial MRAMs
Interesting highlights:
The trasentric paper quoted Electronic Buyer's News:
"Honeywell Inc. and Motorola Inc. are hoping to spin volume quantities of MRAM through a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency contract that is also shared by IBM. DRAM powerhouses Micron, NEC, and Samsung are said to be developing the technology, while Hewlett-Packard has a design team looking into the viability of chip-level magnetic storage."
The interesting elements of this:- Much of this research is funded by a DARPA contract which means it is the money of US Taxpayers at work.
- Samsung is part of the same contract.
The Wired article is fairly lengthy and also details the biography of Stuart Parkin. Parkin is the IBM fellow that has been driving most of the MRAM research.
Ciao.
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I think this is the same / links to MRAM articles
- Lay Language Summary of a paper presented by Stuart Parkin at the 1999 APS March Meeting
- Magnetic RAM cures your computer of short-term memory loss by Richard Butner
- IBM, Infineon looking to shake up memory market
- Instant Access Memory by David Voss
- How Magnetic RAM Will Work by Kevin Bonsor
- The Possibility of Commercial MRAM by John Dvorak
- Nanomagnetics (a chapter of Nanostructure Science and Technology: A Worldwide Study)
- Magnetic Random-Access Memory Promises PC Changes
- IBM says breakthrough will enable commercial MRAMs
Interesting highlights:
The trasentric paper quoted Electronic Buyer's News:
"Honeywell Inc. and Motorola Inc. are hoping to spin volume quantities of MRAM through a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency contract that is also shared by IBM. DRAM powerhouses Micron, NEC, and Samsung are said to be developing the technology, while Hewlett-Packard has a design team looking into the viability of chip-level magnetic storage."
The interesting elements of this:- Much of this research is funded by a DARPA contract which means it is the money of US Taxpayers at work.
- Samsung is part of the same contract.
The Wired article is fairly lengthy and also details the biography of Stuart Parkin. Parkin is the IBM fellow that has been driving most of the MRAM research.
Ciao.