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Convergence of P2P and Grid Predicted

tom_conte writes "From the proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS'03), "On Death, Taxes, and the Convergence of Peer-to-Peer and Grid Computing" compares the two current popular incarnations of distributed computing technology, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Grid Computing. It also predicts the convergence of the two technologies: "The complementary nature of the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches suggests that the interests of the two communities are likely to grow closer over time." This paper is worth reading if you want to clear up the marketing cloud that surrounds these two technologies and sometimes makes them hard to distinguish."

46 of 117 comments (clear)

  1. Sounds like... by ObviousGuy · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Sounds like the P2P folks are getting a little antsy looking for any evidence that P2P isn't just a really good way to encourage copyright infringement.

    Grid computing can survive just as well without P2P. I'm not so sure that it's the same in reverse.

    --
    I have been pwned because my /. password was too easy to guess.
    1. Re:Sounds like... by LegendLength · · Score: 2, Informative

      Sorry but P2P has inherit qualities that are just as important as copyright infringement: caching, load distribution etc.

    2. Re:Sounds like... by JMZorko · · Score: 5, Insightful
      I've been involved in a lot of P2P work, and it is definitely a wonderful technology, and it also solves a big problem -- it is an enabler for reaching ever-larger numbers of people / clients. P2P systems can be implemented such that the more clients participate, the more room there is for clients to participate. Like the article says, P2P solves the "my parent node failed" problem pretty well (by dynamically reconnecting to another parent node).

      Really -- if you want examples of P2P use that aren't the often over-hyped file-sharing scenarios, imagine an FTP server that can scale really well, i.e. the more people who are using it, the more capacity it has. Imagine SOMA FM being able to stream to orders of magnitude more people than it does now, by having clients on fat pipes reflect the stream they're getting to others. Sure, there are still problems to solve in this case (latency, especially for live-as-it-happens type content) but the potential, I think, is incredible.

      Regards,

      John

      --
      Falling You - beautiful
    3. Re:Sounds like... by bigberk · · Score: 3, Informative

      I'm involved with P2P research at my university. I think once people start the see the greater implications of the technology they won't be so quick to label it as a black/grey (this is a knee-jerk reaction from the music industry that may last yet for a few years).

      P2P is a solution to massive content distribution; any kind of content. And there are different scales. P2P may show itself in many ways in the near future, whether you're chillin' to SomaFM, backing up your data to/from a redudant multipeer network, or maybe distributing large content from a web site and benefiting from clients' bandwidth for peer to peer redistribution.

  2. The future of the Grid by deanj · · Score: 4, Interesting
    The grid has been trying to gear up from academia/research for so long, I can't even remember when I first heard of it.

    In the aftermath of the dot com crash, companies are falling over themselves trying to snag onto the "next big thing".

    Now we have two different worlds colliding, with people pushing 'em that have been ignoring each other all this time.

    They've at least recognized this, however, there's still a HUGE problem.

    They can't make it easy for the average person to install and use.

    They (the Grid folks in particular) seem to be missing this, big time. Globus is NOT easy to install...it's not an out of box experience like any of the P2P things are. It's a multi-day install, and you have to know what the heck you're doing.

    Secondly, the world doesn't need yet another Corba-like thing to make everything interoperate with everything else with MORE glue on top of it. KQML should have taught people this lesson back when that was all the rage in agent systems. If you want two systems to talk to each other, couple 'em in whatever language you want and stick to it.

    There's so much extra overhead in doing tasks that "the grid" is supposed to take care of....man, I wish these people would just sit back and take notice of the other distributed systems out there that are out there and working and solving problems without foisting yet another distributed computing paradigm (oh hell, I can't believe I used that word...forgive me), on the world.

    Lord knows we don't need it entangling reasonably well put together P2P systems with the tentacles of the heavy-weight "Grid".

    1. Re:The future of the Grid by BWJones · · Score: 4, Interesting

      They (the Grid folks in particular) seem to be missing this, big time. Globus is NOT easy to install...it's not an out of box experience like any of the P2P things are. It's a multi-day install, and you have to know what the heck you're doing.

      Apple seems to be on top of this with technologies such as TCP/IP over Firewire and most notably, Rendezvous technology. The potential here is amazing.

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    2. Re:The future of the Grid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Posting anon because I'm involved in a grid project and want to speak *my* mind instead of having to act as a responsible member of the team.

      The grid has been trying to gear up from academia/research for so long, I can't even remember when I first heard of it.

      About eight years.

      In the aftermath of the dot com crash, companies are falling over themselves trying to snag onto the "next big thing".

      Please enumerate these companies. I'd love to consider them as possible customers. Currently grid computing is mostly met with, well deserved, skeptisism.

      Now we have two different worlds colliding, with people pushing 'em that have been ignoring each other all this time.

      Grossly unfair. At least from the grid side we've long considered p2p and there are even working groups discussing this intersection in GGF.

      They can't make it easy for the average person to install and use.

      Bullocks on two counts.

      1) *average people* don't and shouldn't use gridware yet.

      2) The dominent gridware is trivial to install compared to the problems it solves. It's like saying that you want to take a crack a proving an ancient theorem but you don't want to have to learn any math. TS.

      They (the Grid folks in particular) seem to be missing this, big time. Globus is NOT easy to install.

      Again, wrong on two counts.

      1) Globus is not the grid. Globus is *a* project developing gridware.

      2) Globus is fucking trivial to install (and I'm not on their staff). Maybe not as easy to install as kazaa, but then gridware is targetted at people who want to do more with the internet than look at pictures of Gillian Anderson's pussy. That said, review point one. There are other grids available.

      Secondly, the world doesn't need yet another Corba-like thing to make everything interoperate with everything else with MORE glue on top of it.

      Now there's an almost complete lack of content. Not a single grid development house is going in this direction. There is a *broad* consensus that using open communications protocols (i.e. web services) is the way to go instead of making something proprietary.

      KQML should have taught people this lesson back when that was all the rage in agent systems.

      Right, because agent systems and grid are *so* similar.

      Come on now, KQML was a language for doing REST (to a first approximation) a grid is a far more complex concept.

      If you want two systems to talk to each other, couple 'em in whatever language you want and stick to it.

      Again, a complete and utter lack of understanding what the grid is about. Your comment amounts to having a cabal of grid programmers bless a particular language and then demand that everyone write to it. Dumb. Not that there aren't language bigots in the grid community that would do that if they could, but dumb nonetheless.

      man, I wish these people would just sit back and take notice of the other distributed systems out there that are out there and working and solving problems without foisting yet another distributed computing paradigm (oh hell, I can't believe I used that word...forgive me), on the world.

      I wish luddites would do a bit of reading and educate themselves before assuming that everything they didn't come up with is nonesense. Especially luddites who have *no* idea the depth of the library at my company.

      The grid solves problems that exist and aren't being solved in other ways except through enormous investment by each and every company that wants to solve them for themselves.

      Another analogy. Your comment is akin to demanding that instead of adopting Windows (which is a hassle to install, run and keep secure) that they instead write their own operating system tuned to their own needs. Sillyness.

      Hugs and kisses from the future.

    3. Re:The future of the Grid by BWJones · · Score: 2, Informative

      hey dumass, read up on your technologies. TPC/IP and firewire are totally different things. Why don't you go study some more before you clog up our boards with worthless crap, k?

      Ah, the type of post I expect from an AC. However, for the benefit of others with at least half a brain here, check out this link to find out all about TCP/IP over Firewire. It's pretty impressive and provides a fast easy way to move lots of data in an easy to implement network combined with auto detection and configuration.

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    4. Re:The future of the Grid by BWJones · · Score: 3, Informative

      hey dumass, read up on your technologies. TPC/IP and firewire are totally different things. Why don't you go study some more before you clog up our boards with worthless crap, k?

      I should have remembered this for my immediately prior post, but actually, I wrote an article about the implications of distributed computing including a discussion about TCP/IP over Firewire back in December. You can read about it here

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    5. Re:The future of the Grid by HaveBlue34 · · Score: 4, Funny

      gridware is targetted at people who want to do more with the internet than look at pictures of Gillian Anderson's pussy.

      If thats not a marketing slogan, I don't know what is.

    6. Re:The future of the Grid by deanj · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Please enumerate these companies. I'd love to consider them as possible customers. Currently grid computing is mostly met with, well deserved, skeptisism

      I mean companies like IBM who are looking for the same customers you are.

      Globus is fucking trivial to install

      Unless Globus has gotten a helluva lot easier to install in a recent release, "fucking trivial" is a load of bullshit. I've done, and other people I know have done, several installs each, with people that knew what they were doing, and I'm telling you, even with that help, it took at least two days of farking around to get it to install properly.

      So I call major bullshit on "fucking trivial"

      Right, because agent systems and grid are *so* similar.

      Come on now, KQML was a language for doing REST (to a first approximation) a grid is a far more complex concept

      No shit. The panacea of KQML was that "everything will talk to everything else", just like the grid, and Corba. You know what? Everyone dropped KQML because they realized they DIDN'T need to talk to everyone else. They just needed to talk to themselves. You end up with so much extra baggage because of this it ends up being a complete pain in the ass.

      Again, a complete and utter lack of understanding what the grid is about. Your comment amounts to having a cabal of grid programmers bless a particular language and then demand that everyone write to it. Dumb. Not that there aren't language bigots in the grid community that would do that if they could, but dumb nonetheless This completely misses the point. The point isn't to have everyone write in the same language, it's to have a simple system for people to use. The extra hurdles that people have to get their programming language usable on the grid aren't trivial, and not every language is supported. It adds complexity to the system that shouldn't be required.

      The grid solves problems that exist and aren't being solved in other ways except through enormous investment by each and every company that wants to solve them for themselves. Well, now's the time for me to call bullshit. No one is doing this now...they might in the future, but I seriously doubt it. Companies aren't going to be forking over their computations to other companies to do, when they can do what they've been doing in house. More hardware might be sold, but it won't be shared.

      In the end, if the grid does actually get used anywhere, it'll be in-house, or in academia. And even there, people are arguing which place is the right place to host most of the activities...which, is completely STUPID, IMHO, because it completely misses the point! I've been in those meetings where they're deciding "where we'll concentrate our X computations" and "site Z will be where we concentrate our Y capabilities". Holy living crap! I've never seen anything so farked up in my life. There are a lot of really pissed off people here because of that.

      Another analogy. Your comment is akin to demanding that instead of adopting Windows (which is a hassle to install, run and keep secure) that they instead write their own operating system tuned to their own needs. Sillyness

      This completely makes my point. We don't need another one of these things. There are plenty of lighter weight alternatives out there which people have developed and have been using for the last few years. One great example is Cisco's Spanish Inquistion built on top of Jini. (spare me the language bigotry...not you...the other readers of this).

      I wish luddites would do a bit of reading and educate themselves before assuming that everything they didn't come up with is nonesense.

      And double at ya....most of the last eight years (and my involvement has been for the last six) has been pedaling this crap. The dot.com crash is what made people latch onto this. Before that, you couldn't give it away...which is ironic, because they were.

  3. Killer app of the '00s by Enry · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Noone can really define it, everyone wants an app that can do it, and companies that claim to do it are getting a lot of interest.

    Ecch.

    1. Re:Killer app of the '00s by PCM2 · · Score: 2, Informative
      Noone can really define it, everyone wants an app that can do it, and companies that claim to do it are getting a lot of interest.
      ARRRGH! Will you people click the @%$#! link??

      Section 2: Defining Terms
      The popularity of both Grid and P2P have led to a number of (often contradictory) definitions. We assume here that...

      --
      Breakfast served all day!
  4. Grid Computing, by Visaris · · Score: 5, Insightful

    As my professor described it, is a system similar to a power grid. You can plug in anywhere, and use the resources (Disk, Memory, CPU) of the grid for computation. Your resources would be added to the "grid collective" as well.

    It seems as though this system would inherently be P2P. It's good to know the P2P people are starting to realize that there is more the P2P than file sharing. As for the grid people, they knew their system could be called "Peer to Peer" all along.

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    1. Re:Grid Computing, by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      As my professor described it, is a system similar to a power grid. You can plug in anywhere, and use the resources (Disk, Memory, CPU) of the grid for computation. Your resources would be added to the "grid collective" as well.

      Sounds like Borg computing.

    2. Re:Grid Computing, by Anonvmous+Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

      "As my professor described it, is a system similar to a power grid. You can plug in anywhere, and use the resources (Disk, Memory, CPU) of the grid for computation. Your resources would be added to the "grid collective" as well."

      Anybody else read that and get a vision of the Borg? Are we headed that way?

      Heh. Just found that interesting. Lots of stuff talking to lots of other stuff. Emergent properties are bound to appear, right?

    3. Re:Grid Computing, by smd4985 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Some current Gnutella clients could do grid computing pretty easily - I think the question is demand. LimeWire uses Java so technically one could create a 'JobInterface' that could be divided amongst peers for execution (definitely abstracting some issues). The big problem is that the common user doesn't have the need to write programs that need help from disparate peers. Not until there is a very high-level programming language that Joe User could make effective use of AND Joe User has a need for a lot of CPU cycles will Grid Computing features in P2P networks make sense.

      Then again, perhaps it is a case of "If you build it, they will come."

      --
      smd4985
    4. Re:Grid Computing, by PCM2 · · Score: 4, Informative
      As my professor described it, is a system similar to a power grid. You can plug in anywhere, and use the resources (Disk, Memory, CPU) of the grid for computation. Your resources would be added to the "grid collective" as well. It seems as though this system would inherently be P2P.
      Actually, if you take a moment to at least skim the article, you'll see that the Slashdot headline isn't exactly correct. This article doesn't actually spend a whole lot of time predicting a "convergence" of Grid computing and P2P.

      What it says, as far as I see it, in a nutshell:

      • Grid computing and P2P have similar goals, and are each an attempt to address many of the same problems.
      • The Grid and P2P approaches tackle these problems from different directions.
      • Before either is completely successful, a system will probably emerge that incorporates elements of both.
      So in that sense, yes, he's predicting some convergence. But on the other hand, what most of the paper seems to do is both compare and contrast the P2P and Grid approaches, so that people like you who say, "Wait a minute! This Grid stuff and this P2P stuff, it all sounds like the same thing!" can finally figure out what the differences are.

      In that sense, it seems like a really great paper, the kind of thing I've sought after for a while now. Nice one, Ian!

      --
      Breakfast served all day!
  5. I'm going to start selling by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Wireless Grid Peer to Peer systems... With that many buzzwords, it can't miss.

  6. mirror by heXXXen · · Score: 3, Informative
  7. Someone has an ego problem... by cperciva · · Score: 4, Funny

    This paper is *six* pages long, and Ian Foster has *sixteen* self-citations.

    I know some insitutions rank their faculty based on the number of times their papers are cited, but they usually exclude self-citations in those counts.

    1. Re:Someone has an ego problem... by outlier · · Score: 5, Informative

      Actually, Foster cites himself so much because he's The Big Guy in grid computing. He's been in it since the early days, gets a huge chunk of the research funding, and is involved with lots of projects (both in terms of developing grid technology and implementing it in scientific communities).

      When you're ahead of the crowd, you don't have many peers to cite.

      Oh, and his reputation is actually pretty sound, he doesn't really need to rely on inflated citation counts, he has plenty of research dollars coming in -- that should keep his institutions (Argonne and U of Chicago) happy.

  8. Already happening by Istealmymusic · · Score: 4, Informative

    Ever heard of KaZaA? Remember CloudLoad and AltNet? They are an alternative, commerical peer-to-peer network piggy-backing on FastTrack; serving paid content and crunching numbers. FT is currently the largest P2P network in existance, with over 5 million users, and their hashing/encryption algorithms for peer-to-peer authentication are secret (no one has yet to reverse Kazaa), so they can do anything they damn well please. Including merging P2P and "grid" computing. Which they have already done. (I'm waiting for PFT to come out and make grid computing optional.).

    --
    "The lesson to be learned is not to take the comments on slashdot too literally." --Vinnie Falco, BearShare
    1. Re:Already happening by sparrow_hawk · · Score: 5, Informative

      This sounds like exactly what the giFT folks were trying to do. They had their client interoperating, but Brilliant released a new version of KaZaA that broke it, so they got fed up and created their own (very nice, IMO) network based off the FastTrack idea. The same thing will probably happen to the projectfasttrack folks; the KaZaA folks don't want *anyone* else using their network, so it will be a Microsoft-style arms race times ten.

      giFT/OpenFT tends to cater to the geek crowd right now since they don't release binaries, you have to understand CVS and keep up to date, and the best GUI is curses-based. That means you'll find more anime than Brittany Speers, but it's quick, reliable, and works great on Linux. (not affiliated, just a happy user :)

  9. Re:WHOA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    Why stop at a grid? Why not spherical, hexagonal or banana shaped!

  10. an even more daring prediction by g4dget · · Score: 4, Insightful
    No matter what happens, these people can claim victory. I mean, P2P basically could be anything where one machine sometimes acts as a client and sometimes as a server. You know, like workstations used to before the advent of dial-up Internet access, when people started needing servers because they weren't always on or their IP addresses kept changing. And for grid computing, well, machines sometimes need to act as clients and sometimes as servers.

    Here, I'll go out on a limb and make an even more daring prediction: grid computing will use Rendezvous-like services. Some of the machines may do that at boot time, to load customized and specialized machine configuration (you know, like BOOTP/DHCP followed by NFS), and others will use it at the application level to discover potential clients and servers.

    All this stuff was designed into the Internet in decades ago. People are just giving fancy names to very traditional usages of sockets, servers, and broadcast packets. "Grid computing", too, is pretty much what people have been doing on networks of workstations for years: sometimes you push the jobs, sometimes available machines pull the jobs, sometimes you have a workflow manager, sometimes it's done through NFS, etc.

    All of this reminds me of some teenager thinking that they are the first person on the planet to have discovered "sex".

  11. I got rid of my old GRID computer years ago... by callipygian-showsyst · · Score: 4, Funny

    I got rid of my old GRID computer years ago. The plasma screen was kind of cool, but the bubble memory was s-l-o-w.

  12. Seti@home by bigsexyjoe · · Score: 3, Insightful
    What about the Seti P2P system. Who does that steal from? Well, what can we expect since you clearly commented before having time to read the story? Just so you know the story's focus was more techinical and it talk about what a P2P network is abstractly. It discussed what it could be when combined with Grid Computing.

    It is a serious well supported argument. You are just shooting your mouth off with ad hominiem attacks which probably aren't valid.

    1. Re:Seti@home by dan+the+person · · Score: 2, Informative

      What Seti P2P system?

      Seti is plain client server.

      My seti client doesn't talk to your seti client. They both report back to a central server.

  13. Actually by ObviousGuy · · Score: 3, Insightful

    If you redefine anything that you like into terms that you find useful, then you can make your argument look really good.

    If we redefine P2P from being a way of copying software and music to a way of sharing computational code across a network, then it all becomes so much more acceptable.

    It's a conference for P2P. Did you really think they'd come out and say that it's a hopeless dead end? Did you expect they'd say that unless they can justify it's existence that P2P will be called a piracy tool?

    --
    I have been pwned because my /. password was too easy to guess.
  14. I predict. by dameron · · Score: 4, Funny

    As these two technologies converge you'll start seeing white vans driving around residential neighborhoods with carefully hidden antennas sprouting from the top, snopping, like antiquated British tv detectors, for illegal activity on the grids.

    Not long after that, the "virtual search warrant" and mandated backdoors in commercial grid products will appear.

    Those fucks (**AA) would try to regulate telepathy if it existed.

    -dameron

    1. Re:I predict. by Syncdata · · Score: 2, Funny

      Those fucks (**AA) would try to regulate telepathy if it existed.
      I realize the parent was using the asterisk as a wildcard, but as I was scrolled through the comments, it first appeared that he was willing to say 'fucks' but censored himself when referencing the RIAA, and the MPAA.
      Good ol' unintentional comedy.

      --
      "Inattention makes clowns of us all" -Bean
  15. DC++ by caluml · · Score: 3, Interesting

    All my OS-disabled Windows using chums are banging on about an open source P2P app called DC++.

    It's open source, and all, but there isn't a Linux client. Any l33t coders out there that are bored should look at bringing this to the land of Linux.

    And yes, I understand the irony of calling them OS-disabled, and in the same breath complaining that my OS of choice doesn't have the same facility.

    1. Re:DC++ by OuD · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Have you checked out dcgui?

      Don't know if this one is DC++ or just plain DC (what's the difference between them anyway?), but it has nice features like multi-hub search, and I've used it successfully.

      I just feel the problem with DC is that there doesn't seem to be any way to resume broken downloads from other sources automatically (or maybe it's just this client).

  16. Harumph by SlowMovingTarget · · Score: 5, Interesting

    In the future:

    Computers will control our houses and your high definition television will be your main terminal

    Someone will make a mobile phone that doesn't suck as a PDA (or a PDA that doesn't suck as mobile phone)

    We'll all evolve more agile thumbs from "texting"

    There will be One True programming language (not a troll)

    Everyone will type on a Dvorak keyboard when not using a flawless voice interface that does what you mean and not what you say

    We will bathe everyone in the electromagnetic glory of Wireless

    As computers get faster and faster, and software gets more and more efficient, every user interaction will receive nearly instantaneous responses

    VR is the next big thing

    Build from a solid foundation and some of things will happen. Build from fragile abstractions and a sneeze will knock out the grid. The promise of technology is not the promise of earnings or market creation. How well does it help us live our lives.

    Flush toilet, books == good

    Pager, way-too-fast-food == bad

    ...Crawls back in cave...

  17. If they do converge... by Spytap · · Score: 3, Funny

    It'll be so amazing and cool that everyone will want to have it, so people will begin selling it. They will, however, quickly go out of business because the product they are trying to sell is available for free download on the product they have already sold ;)

  18. we already have that by g4dget · · Score: 2, Informative
    You mean like Clump/OS or Plan 9?

    The difficulty with this is not doing it, it's doing it on top of Windows.

  19. Either illegal or pointless by Animats · · Score: 2, Insightful
    The whole "peer to peer" network thing exists solely to evade copyright. If it wasn't for that, music would just go out on USENET, which is far more efficient. Each new item would traverse each link no more than once, and usually less. Less-used stuff would be downloaded from web servers. How many new mainstream songs come out every day, after all?

    As for "grid computing", if there was a real need for it, people who needed it would be buying up off-peak time on server farms. That's not happening.

    Both ideas are promoted by people desperately seeking a revenue stream, rather than trying to provide a new capability. Unless they figure out some way to put a boot on the consumer's throat and make him pay, it's not going to happen.

  20. "Invitation Only" by asv108 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I love how the IPTPS is invitation only, considering that most of the hackers who made P2P technologies as popular as they are today, wouldn't have a snowball's chance in hell in getting an invitation before they released. The concept of an invitation only P2P conference goes against all the ideas which ignited P2P development in the first place.

  21. Gridware by On+Lawn · · Score: 2


    In the practicle department, we have two technologies we've used for grid computing. I'm going to guess you work on one we've used, Sun Gridware (now opensourced?) used to be Codine. It worked well enough. The interface was pretty easy, but for the users, kicking off programs to run randomly on a grid of machines was not as easy as...

    Mosix (or OpenMosix). Now I'm sure theres a hundred good reasons why it doesn't qualify as gridware, but that is how we use it. It was simple to install and monitor also. Hidden enough, the engineers don't even know they are using it. Thats the kind of plug and play every IT manager wants.

    The convergence, I agree is going to happen. But honestly today people just haven't become sophisticated enough to expect it yet. Or even want to. Perhaps it won't happen in our lifetime.

    -------------
    OnRoad: Boldly searching for the efficiency our engines deserve.

  22. duh by lightray · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Convergence of P2P and Grid?? Well, DUH. They're basically two names for the same thing. Almost.

    I hope to see some of plan 9 in "the grid". Need another CPU? Mount it into the filesystem...

  23. Predicted?!?! by Sarcazmo · · Score: 3, Funny

    Come on! All recent Windows P2P software has come with distributed grid computing applications to collect marketing data. They are way behind the times here.

  24. Re:TV and Computers will converge by Planesdragon · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Er, they have.

    My ISP and my cable company are the same legal person, same bill--and I can even rent a specalized "TV computer" from them if I want to.

    Wait until digital HDTV becomes prominent, and network-wired houses are as common as telephone lines today. TV and PC will converge--it's just going to move along a multistep process at the speed of the slowest partner.

  25. Re:*Legal* trading evading extra-legal restriction by xenocide2 · · Score: 2, Informative

    I've read the law, and I don't see what you're saying. In fact, if I recall correctly, the amount of distrobution and the profit made both factor into punishment, but a zero revenue pirate is still guilty, and may be subject to criminal law.

    --
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  26. "Scooped, Again" says it better by rewrkng · · Score: 4, Interesting
    Another paper at the same Berkeley conference, Scooped, Again by four Harvard researchers, has much more to say about the overlapping set of problems being tackled by the P2P and Grid research communities.

    The paper's title refers to the Web having been implemented by those outside the systems research community, who had elegant solutions to interesting problems but didn't pay enough attention to needs of users. The authors are afraid this might happen again if P2P researchers ignore the needs of Grid users. The third generation P2P infrastructures represented by systems such as Tapestry, Pastry, and Chord are amazing. For example, with one of these, you could implement a truly distributed DNS system that doesn't use hierarchy or centralization, and thus would be much more immune to DoS attacks than the current system. P2P researchers should heed the Call to Action at the end of this paper.

  27. What's TPC? by nyet · · Score: 2, Funny

    And do I have to put a cover letter on it?