Author of Paper Critical of Microsoft is Fired
chongo writes "Daniel E. Geer Jr., one of the primary authors of a
report
Reliance
On MS A Danger To National Security,
was fired from @stake Thursday morning.
@stake said that 'The values an opinions of the
report
are not in line with @stake's views' and that Geer's
participation was 'not sanctioned.'
Microsoft, who has worked closely with @stake
in the past, denied that it was involved in @stake's
decision to fire Dan." There might not be anything fishy going on at all, but that's no reason to stop making perfectly good conspiracy theories.
Can I have his job? I can write well, and I can be non-critical of Microsoft software.
For instance, they have made great strides in improving Calculator and Notepad in recent versions of Windows.
Did he do this on his own, or as an @stake employee? I find it rather disturbing that a company can fire you for something you do of your own accord. What's next, are companies who like to suck up to MS gonna fire you for developing a linux program?
Am I just being naiive, or does this bother other people too?
if(!cool) exit(-1);
I bet it was... the Time Terrorists*!
*Time Terrorists also responisble for the destruction of the Titanic, the Hindenburg, and the creation of SCO.http://mediagoblin.org/
Looks like there was more "@stake" than he expected =p
(waits for groans)
OK, if you need to mention a company's gimmicky, non-alphabetical name once, so be it. But all those @s are giving me a headache in a brain region I haven't had to use since we had that run of :CueCat stories.
The scary thing is that you could use 4tst4k3 repeatedly and I wouldn't blink at it. 47s74k3 would require some effort...
What I'm listening to now on Pandora...
And, in other news, in an SEC filing, Microsoft has disclosed a cash "gift" to a company called @stake.
Said Microsoft spokesman: "It's a voluntary contribution, with much at stake. ".
I have no problem with your religion until you decide it's reason to deprive others of the truth.
I guess that's where the phrase, "power corrupts" comes from, eh?
Read the EFF's Fair Use FAQ
Well actually it was Computing Technology Industry Association, but they are funded by MS. The say "the report is flawed by "myopically looking to technology (i.e., 'bad' software OS) instead of addressing the underlying cause -- human behavior -- for cyber breaches." "
So basically if humans just would stop being mean or stupid, there wouldn't be any problems.
Isn't that sort of like blaming plane crashes on gravity? I mean, human nature is what it is. There will be virus writers, there will be people who don't always install the patches right away.
What are they suggesting, that we try to change human nature? Genetically engineer better humans? How about they take human nature as a given (like gravity to an aeronautical engineer), and then fix the damn product?
The difference is that your consulting job is not on the line when you post alternative viewpoints on Slashdot.
Now, if you get fired for reading too much Slashdot on company time, we are absolutely not responsible.
I read that as "Author of Paper Clip of Microsoft is Fired". It sounded much more exciting.
Thanks to Google's cache, this is Dr. Geer's bio from @stake. I had the opportunity to hear him speak once, and he sounded about as brilliant as the following description would make you think:
Daniel E. Geer, Jr., Sc.D.
Chief Technology Officer
Daniel E. Geer, Jr., Sc.D. oversees the strategy and direction of @stake's approach to digital security. Over the last thirty years, Dr. Geer has led the application of technology in medical computing, distributed systems management, electronic commerce, and digital security. After fifteen years in the Harvard medical establishment, he variously served in senior leadership roles for MIT's groundbreaking Project Athena, Digital Equipment Corporation's External Research Program, Open Market, OpenVision Technologies (now Veritas), CertCo, and now @stake. His security consulting firm, Geer Zolot, was the first of its kind.
An expert in modern security protocols and business metrics, Dr. Geer has been called upon to testify before Congress on multiple occasions. Dr. Geer speaks and publishes regularly on a range of issues in digital security; his November 1998 speech, "Risk Management is Where the Money Is," has been widely quoted, warranting both reprint as a special issue of the RISKS Digest and prompting editorial comment in Wired Magazine. His bibliography is deep and continuing, and with Avi Rubin and Marcus Ranum, he is co-author of The Web Security Sourcebook.
He holds a Sc.D. in Biostatistics from Harvard University's School of Public Health as well as an S.B. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from MIT. His professional involvement includes a decade of leadership within USENIX, the advanced computing systems association, of which he is past president. He today serves as an advisor to the board of the Financial Services Information Sharing & Analysis Center (FS/ISAC) under the auspices of the US Dept. of the Treasury, as well as similar fiduciary and non-fiduciary roles for a select number of promising startups.
-- Brian T. Sniffen
Gotta love those @stake guys. Here's a relevant quote from their website:
"@stake has assembled the best minds in digital security to help you understand and mitigate the security risks inherent in your business model, so that you can maximize the opportunity in front of you. We help you make the hard decisions about what matters most in your business, so that your security investment has the greatest impact. We work in the space where your business and technology meet, because we believe that this is where security is most powerful."
Talk about blowing it out both ends. You can read their ethical and guiding principles as well.
This is what l0pht has turned into?
The report itself stated quite clearly in several places that Dr Geer was the Chief Technical Officer of @Stake.
I can't find a disclaimer anywhere in the report saying that he wasn't representing @Stake, and yet he used it to back up his authoritarian position, and intentional or not it appear that he was speaking on behalf of the company he worked for.
Perhaps more details will emerge about what actually went on, but it does seem quite irresponsible to make it appear that you're speaking on behalf of a company if you're not... if that's what happened.
If you sign an employment agreement, you'd better stick to it.
In particular, you shouldn't publish a paper without running it by corporate communications first. You especially shouldn't publish a paper that might be critical of a partner or customer without doing this. You know why? Exactly. You get fired. For violating your employment agreement. If you don't agree with the things that you signed, you shouldn't have signed them. Hell, even if you have permission to publish the paper, you might want to think twice about publishing a paper which is critical of a rather large customer.
When I worked at AOL, I tried to get some of the execs to realize that some of the employees could be a powerful force in the technical community to raise the image of the company. Just the ability to explain some of the things that weren't confidential, correct some of the misconceptions. It wouldn't be a magical transformation, but it would be an effort. And actually joining the community would be a big step. Peer review and PR oversight could both be used to help make sure that more incorrect information didn't go out, or that the wrong things didn't go out.
Noone wanted to talk about it. My assumption is that noone I got to wanted to rock the boat, and noone responsible trusted the employees. It's too bad really. But even with something like that in place, this type of paper would never pass muster. Not through a peer review, and not through PR. You just don't criticize a large customer. Especially a customer with as much money as Microsoft.
-Todd
"The details of my life are quite inconsequential..."
This really is something Greer should have seen coming. He published a highly critical, highly-publicized report bashing his consulting company's biggest client. Whether it is true or not is irrelevant; that the client was Microsoft is irrelevant -- replace "MS" with "Sun" or "Oracle" or any other company you like, and I bet his higher-ups still wouldn't be happy about it. You may not like who you work for, but it's not a good idea to bite the hand that feeds you.
The bold print giveth, and the fine print taketh away
There is no America. There is no democracy. There is only IBM and AT&T and DuPont, Dow, General Electric, and Exxon
I was watching a US House of Reps "Worms and cyber security" subcommmitee on C-SPAN the other day. Testifying before the Congressmen were the following - Microsoft Corp senior security strategist Philip Reitinger, VeriSign VP Kenneth Silva, Lawrence Hale, director of the Federal Computer Incident Response Center, Christoper Wysopal consultant for @stake Inc, some other Russian security consultant, and a few other random folks.
The chairman of the committee asked the Verisign PHB and the two consultants if there were any security benefits in running open-source software, and which was more secure, open or closed. I almost shat myself. Here was the perfect opportunity to hear some glowing reviews of open source. Instead the two consultants, who seemed decently knowledgeable, and long winded on all other issues merely said that there are flaws in all types of software, and they would "guess" that the frequency of security flaws were the same as for closed source. Although the guy from @stake did mention that the theory behind open source security was that "the more eyes, the better", he also countered it with noting that most users of open source wouldn't be able to fix the code when a vulnerability was found.
That was it. No detailed explanation about anything. Just a brush off that was not quite as long as their testimony on why ipv6 wouldn't offer any extra security over ipv4. Luckily the Verisign bastard was there to add his two cents. To paraphrase him - "I would agree with their, (the consultants) testimony, but I would like to add that often the people who write open source software are not professionals". Then he took another shot mentioning "that often worms affect open-source software too". Often... I wonder what he considers "often". How can he even trot out the word "often" to describe the frequency of worms that affect open-source software when there are millions of Windows boxes that are constantly being hit by worms. He then added - "We must resist the temptation to demonize software vendors and other members of the network community. The finger pointing is often misplaced and in most cases does more harm than good." It was quite the interesting hearing, and gives me a bit of insight into what kind of info our Government is getting about open source.
Anti-social? My code is just platform-specific.
As many, many researchers know, this is why so much commercial research is flawed - there are too many strong influences out there that taint the data.
This is the first overt firing that I've heard of in the IT industry, but I'm sure there have been thousands that we just never heard of.
Just think of those poor researchers at the cigarette companies - you know, the ones where if you found that there was a link between cigarettes and cancer, well, you must be fired.
Or the researchers for pharmacuticals... where if you find that drug X doesn't help cure Y, then you shouldn't expect any grant money next year. Yeah, not fired, but certainly the same net result.
The fact is that research SHOULD be independent. I don't know or care if this guy's paper was right or wrong. But it should be the research community, not MBAs, who decide the quality of research. Period.
I think that firing this guy due to his research is wrong. It looks like he was fired for financial relationship reasons, not because his study was consistently rejected by the research community. Should his employers be considered biased? As a potential customer, should I trust this company? If they are motivated more by their relationship with microsoft versus upholding the truth, I'll never recommend anyone to do business with them. And it looks like they are, and so I'll make sure they're scratched off the list.
Interesting. Does that mean that employees should only issue statements in the course of their job responsibilities? Or that job statements must be objective, fact-based and truthful but personal statements can be whatever they want? This latter interpretation seems to conflict with their action.
I don't think Dan Geer will have trouble finding a new job. However, it is an interesting reflection of what @Stake has become. Look at their management team. Looks awfully VC to me.
It's a sad state of affairs, but not surprising. It's been a long time since the "CIFS is caca" paper, and I lost respect for the l0pht back when *hobbit* was edged out. Mudge became "Dr. Mudge" (as if), and they all started running after the limelight. Sad, really. The Hacker News Network is long gone, and mudge is Pieter. It sucks for Dan, but it's just more of the same for the rest of us.
It takes a lot of nerve for Chris Wysopal to issue his little statement. Weld Pond would never have said something like that. Man, it's been a long path from BO2K to appeasing Microsoft. What a long, strange trip it's been. Sigh.
The difference between a Miracle and a Fact is exactly the difference between a mermaid and a seal. (Mark Twain)
Leave it to the Mercury News to report with more sordid details.
What caught my eye...
The CCIA trade group also ran into trouble Thursday when it sought to send a paid announcement about its critical Microsoft report to 140,000 subscribers of popular trade magazines for chief security officers and chief information officers.
The publisher for CIO and CSO magazines, CXO Media Inc., offers such announcements ``to target a specific market segment of our audience by designing a list of prospects for direct mail and e-mail purposes.''
But in this case, the subject was too touchy.
``We find it is too sensitive of material to send out. I'm sorry to be the bearer of bad news, but I have to deny your request,'' according to an e-mail from the publisher obtained by The Associated Press.
``We need to try to provide some balance on these issues, and this seemed a little one-sided,'' CXO spokeswoman Karen Fogerty said.
Sheesh! The mags won't even report this story if you pay them!
---
Fight the Power!
There is no America. There is no democracy. There is only IBM and AT&T and DuPont, Dow, General Electric, and Exxon
Wasn't @stake the security company that grew out of the l0pht? Or am I on crack?
autopr0n is like, down and stuff.
What the hell?
First of all: False and misleading information? Unless you have some magical insider information on what exactly happened, who are you to claim that it's false and misleading? To dismiss it as false without having any facts is no better than accepting it as true without having any of the facts. Different sides of the same coin.
And second, it looks like a pretty tongue-in-cheek comment. You said it yourself:
Those sorts of things happen on their own more than enough as is; encouraging it is just unecessary.
Do you really believe that the editors don't also know this? Contrary to popular opinion they do actually read the site, sometimes. It's pretty clear to me that it's a jab at all the 'perfectly good conspiracy theories' that abound whenever a Microsoft story rolls around. Would you really call them 'perfectly good conspiracy theories' if you weren't against them? Sounds like a pretty sarcastic phrase to me.
But hey, don't let little old me get in the way of Slashdot's readers bashing Slashdot...
Random and weird software I've written.
"Participation in and release of the report was not sanctioned by @Stake," the security and consulting company said. "The values and opinions of the report are not in line with @Stake's views."
What?! What exactly wasn't true about what was said?
Quote: Daniel Geer "As fast as the world's computing infrastructure is growing, vulnerability to attack is growing faster still"
Quote: Daniel Geer "Microsoft's attempts to tightly integrate myriad applications with its operating system have significantly contributed to excessive complexity and vulnerability. This deterioration of security compounds when nearly all computers rely on a single operating system subject to the same vulnerabilities the world over"
Quote: Ed Black "Microsoft's monopoly threatens consumers in a number of ways, it it's clear it is now also a threat to our security, our safety, and even our national security."
Quote: Bruce Schneier "The problem is that of monoculture. As long as all computers are running the same OS, they're all vulnerable."
If @stake is saying they don't agree with these statements, then their credibility as a security company is seriously in question. It's one thing to say they fired someone for violating professional protocol, it's quite another to terminate them because what they said was incorrect.
Everything said by Geer, Black and Schneier is correct. What does @stake not agree with?
Ruby on Rails Screencast
@stake, eeye, and iss have all agreed w/ microsoft not to release details of even potential exploits until the microsoft has had 30 days to "evaluate" them, leaving admins and the public unnecessarily exposed to vulnerabilities. This is completely unacceptable, and contrary to the scientific peer-review process of real science. If you know there's a problem, you speak out, suggest a fix, and hopefully the appropriate parties will be responsible enough to take action. Additionally, others have to be able to VERIFY and REPRODUCE findings, a critical part of *real* research. But microsoft's tactic is to force so-called security "research" companies (who are in it for money, not necessarily for altruistic research or making things more secure) into a lop-sided, biases "standards" NGO, the "Organization for Internet Safety" (OIS), which Microsoft is a member. (read this). What they are proposing is censorship, hiding information until they can find a fix, so that only the hackers will know what's broken. Talk about the fox guarding the hen-house!!!
Additionally, the director of research for @stake, Chris Wysopal, is effectively lobbying congress to give teeth to the OIS, and more power to microsoft and their buddies.
OIS = @stake, BindView, SCO, Foundstone, Guardent, ISS, Microsoft, NAI, Oracle, SGI, Symantec. sounds like the stone cutter's guild to me.
Eeye seems to be left out for obvious reasons, they oppose this secretive "research." Read eeye's Marc Maiffret's (chief hacking officer) thoughts on things to a congressional subcommittee here.
"windows corrupts, microsoft corrupts absolutely."
The biggest trick the devil pulled was letting lawyers become politicians so they can write the laws.
For him to be canned over this report (which is excellent by the way), is awful. Other heavy hitters in infosec also collaborated on this report e.g. Schneier, Becky Bace, and Charles Pfleeger.
It's not so much that @stake doesn't have the right to fire him, but rather that it's a pity that they can't stand up to the truth. Not that corporations are known for their honor anyway. I would not trust a @stake with my business at this point-what's next? MS buying them into using their clearly superior security products?!
@stake has demonstrated that nothing, absolutely nothing, will get in the way of satisfying their clients. While this is admirable from a capitalist viewpoint, how much do you trust any information that they disseminate?
Thought so.
Tarring yourself as a Microsoft shill might be good for the bottom line but I doubt @stake's long term viability was helped by this move. Particularly since the point that Mr. Geer was making is patently obvious to anyone with a clue.
I'm sure going to tune out anything they say in the future.
HBI's Law: Frequency of calling others Nazis is directly correlated with the likelihood of the accuser being Communist.
Did he have to train his Indian replacement?
Simple point here: whether or not @stake is involved in a conspiracy, @stake clearly considers themselves to be a advertising/publicity agent of Microsoft.
@Stake clearly does not consider themselves to be a news organization, or a news clearing house.
That said, they should, in the future, be held to the standards of advertising agents, with all the benefits of such -- not news agents with their benefits.
Therefore, if they want to come in to cover a software convention, by all means let them [but at full price: no media pass]. If they want to claim first Amendment right to speech, they can, within the bounds and with the protections set by our government for advertisers. Not within the bounds and with the protections set by our government for news media.
I don't see a reason to apply conspiracy here; just treat them as what they consider themselves to be.
Correct Horse Battery Staple: 72 bits of entropy. Enter "Correct H" into google. When it generates the phrase, that's
Whistle-blowing is never a popular job, but it's even riskier during bad economic times. Most of the backlash against this employee is due to the spineless quivering, in management, about losing vital business. Once again, we see why monopolies are unhealthy for society.
What are you gonna do, though, if you're canned? The employment-at-will doctrine has essentially always allowed bosses to hire and dump whomever they wish for any reason; dear old kooky Walt Disney used to go nuts with this easily abused freedom, and the 1990s left a trail of shattered lives and communities behind the rapacious "downsizing" of workers. Except where protected by civil rights or state employment law (and good luck bringing a case!), this is where you stand as an employee in America - at the mercy of the Man's whims. Learn to kiss ass; learn to run your own business; learn to work for decent people; these are among the few options for workers, and guess which one is most popular.
But this is also a hysterical time politically. Under the New McCarthyism the pasture of sacred cows has been enlarged: now not only our Glorious Leader is supposed to be beyond reproach, but so are certain corporate entities. And by burrowing like a common bacterial spirochete into the guts of American national security, Microsoft has begun to undergo the transformation - symbolically - from mere lawless and sloppy monopolist to vital U.S. institution. Yesterday, MS merely brought you BSODs, viral weakness and data loss. Today, it defends America against her enemies with its arsenal of...er...BSODs, viral weakness and data loss.
If this transformation continues, it will be more and more costly to criticize Microsoft as it mutates into an adjunct of the security state. HomeSec is already MS's taxpayer-subsidized tech support service, busily issuing warnings about the latest viruses and worms. This relationship should be promptly terminated by the next administration when the adults get to run things again.
If they want MS as their sole client, that's one thing.
Their publically firing a whistleblower for being part of a group writing a negative article about MS software tells me that @stake can never be trusted again in any statement they make about MS software, operating systems, or security procedures. So what's the upside for a non-MS client to hire them?
Is anybody left at @stake from the old l0pht days?
Tech Public Policy stuff
CIFS=Common Internet File System. This is a reference to the security flaws highlighted by Hobbit (from memory it was defcon 5, back in 1997) in the microsoft SMB (windows networking) products. A copy is still available from here.
and I lost respect for the l0pht back when *hobbit* was edged out. Mudge became "Dr. Mudge" (as if), and they all started running after the limelight. Sad, really. The Hacker News Network is long gone, and mudge is Pieter. It sucks for Dan, but it's just more of the same for the rest of us.
L0pht Heavy Industries (creaters of the L0phtcrack suite Pwdump that allowed brute force cracking of windows NT user/passes) went though a period of internal discontent. I cannot provide any details on this. Basically the author seems to be trying to highlight the corporate yes-men culture that has permeated this sector and presumably led to this dismissal for speaking the obvious but unapproved "truth".
It takes a lot of nerve for Chris Wysopal to issue his little statement. Weld Pond would never have said something like that. Man, it's been a long path from BO2K to appeasing Microsoft. What a long, strange trip it's been. Sigh.
I have to admit this part has me stumped. I assume he means that Chris Wysopal of @stake would answer differently to Weld Pond of Lopht. Since they are one and the same person I assume he means to highlight the change over time in Chris's opinions/loyalties... not really surprising in the context of articles like this (para. headed Who's Who).
It has indeed been a long and strange trip... no end in sight yet.
Q.
Insert Signature Here
...I guess he really didn't realize his job was @Stake...
(Mod -1 Horrible)
.
== WolfriderV6 == I'm willing to admit that *I just might* be wrong... Are you??
I hate to be a rant...but I can't help myself. :-)
Ethics is going down the tubes. An example, I think was the investment community in the U.S.
If you watch the media, you have this over all impression, well, Enron was just a fluke, they had poor accounting.
But if you read the papers, this fluke, is being practiced by 100's of companies, all screwing over their investors like cheap whores on a Dutch street corner.
I hate to point this out, but these Ivy league trained people were taught and are taught that this is just ducky. How can it not be with so many companies screwing you on a daily basis.
It can't be a fluke when everyone is doing it.
Fluke? I think not, but you decide.
It has become ethical to do business unethically and it is proudly taught that way in our so called finest Universities.
If anyone has any money in US retirement investment funds, when they retire 30-40 years from now, I will be really amazed.
If you are an investor, and you are investing in US companies for retirement, you my friend are a sucker.
Same thing is happening here. Microsoft is not an innovative company, it buys companies.
They do not write good software and if you are stupid enough to buy Microsoft Press books written by PhD's who claim they even have a clue about good Software Engineering principles, you are just another duped "investor".
I would like to point out that Microsoft is one of the largest employers of Computer Science PhD's in the country.
As an example, one must ask this question after looking at these Software Engineering practices books that Microsoft Press publishes as oxymoronic.
My reasoning is as follows:
Exhibit A: Microsoft hires more PhD computer scientists than even IBM has to work on the secure initiative for 2000 and XP. Building and rebuilding the entire OS 2000, and then again with XP, from scratch, at a estimated cost of 2.8 billion dollars.
Exhibit B: A 18 year old in Minnesota, a 16 year old in Malaysia, and a 21 year old in Russia. All with WAY too much time on their hands, with NO source code, find more security holes in 2000, XP than you can possibly say "Code 'in'-Complete" in that past 14 months.
Exhibit C: A University student, in Finland builds a new operating system kernel called Linux, and in just 8 years it is being worked on by almost no PhD's and many testors and code contributors are in their early 20's or teens, and is far more capable than windows, 1.8 billion dollars later.
Is Linux just another Enron? Fluke?
My point is that the way we are being taught code in this country is not the way code should be written. Even if you have a PhD, its business as usual dogma, just like our MBA friends.
Is it a fluke that the best code being written is not through institutionalized learning in this country?
What do these exhibits tell us about our country in general, with regards to ethics?
It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out what is going on here.
Fluke?
I think not, but you decide.
-Hack
Got Geometrodynamics? Awe, too hard to figure out? Too bad.
Sure wish I had seen this earlier instead of 300+ replies later. Oh well, I guess thats what happens when you stick your head inside a Hobbit hole for three years and don't come out.
I feel I must reitterate L0phT =! @stake. Please do not confuse what I consider to be the good work of the L0pht with the corporate nonense that is @stake.
As for Dan and everyone else that works there they should have seen the writing on the wall three years ago when they fired my poor ass. Remember me, Space Rogue? HNN? All Gone. Why? I can only speculate but I think they felt that a critical mouthpiece would not be a good thing. Sound familiar? Hard to get someone to sign a big contract if you might call them names the next day.
Dan is a remarkable person. His mind works like no other person I have ever met. Don't feel sorry for him. Trust me, he is in a better place now.
Microsoft has continued its embrace, extend and I assume, extinguish policy with regards to information security. How? By hiring several of the people who were critical of the organization. Yes, that means previous @stake, Guardent, Foundstone, etc employees. That also means hackers, all who now work for the Giant in Redmond. Keep your enemies close. What better way to silence your critics than to hire them. Then you can keep them silent until they no longer pose a threat and dispose of them quietly at a later time when no one is looking.
Oh well, life goes on, the Internet is as insecure as ever, companies are still able to hide thier vulnerability, risks are not taken seriously and hackers still roam free. Nothing has changed, and nothing will until such time that people stop trusting everything that is spoon feed by anyone looking to make a buck. Yeah, I'm cynical. Sue me.
- SR
I was the IT Specialist of The divisional headquarters of The Salvation Army in Cincinnati - the 'go to' guy for half of Ohio and Norther Kentucky. I was one of the 30,000+ people sending letters to the DoJ regarding Microsoft's anticompetitive pratices. (I shared account of how they tried charging us twice for Office licenses.)
Three months later, I had a four day vacation and when I came back, the locks on my office were changed and my personal contents were cleaned out. They gave me a "farewell interview" to express that their sole reason for firing me was "dissatisfactory performance," which is all their employment policy required. My ten year career with them was over, they would not give me opportunity to defend myself, and they wouldn't give me severance or unemployment.
(The Salvation Army, as a church, is not required by Ohio law to pay into unemployment. Compounded with losing my pension settlement for three months, I spent those months at zero income.)
I found out over a year later that Microsoft was behind it... It wasn't a local decision at all, but was enforced by Paul Kelly, IT Director of New York's Territorial HQ, along with policy banning Linux in our ten state territory! Paul normally has no direct dealings with me on the divisional level, but a contact in New York revealed how pivotal Paul considered me in that contraversy.
I haven't pulled together the witnesses and evidence to prove this in court, but the commonly held opinion is that Paul got the call from Microsoft which says "get rid of the problem, or we'll audit your business licenses."
So it seems The Salvation Army, a church, is also a wholy owned and operated subsidiary of Bill Gate's Evil Empire(tm).
Joel 'Twisty' Nye, MCSA, Linux+