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Talking With 2.0 Kernel Maintainer David Weinehall

Jeremy Andrews writes "While the recently released 2.6 Linux kernel is all the rage these days, the much older 2.0 kernel is still alive and kicking. KernelTrap has interviewed David Weinehall, the maintainer of the 2.0 Linux kernel. David became the 2.0 maintainer in December of 1999, after Alan Cox moved on to work full time on the 2.2 kernel. In this interview David talks about what's involved in maintaining the 2.0 kernel, who uses it, when we can expect the impending release of 2.0.40, why you should upgrade (if you're still running 2.0.39), and more."

45 of 206 comments (clear)

  1. Latest and greatest not for everyone by ObviousGuy · · Score: 3, Informative

    Linux 2.0 is fine for systems that don't need the power and capabilities of the 2.6 kernel.

    While the 2.2 kernel was pretty much a bust, the 2.4 kernel proved itself wonderfully capable.

    Still, I would love to see BSD or AIX stacked up against Linux 2.0.

    --
    I have been pwned because my /. password was too easy to guess.
    1. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by gasgesgos · · Score: 5, Insightful

      It's like the people that still use Windows 95, sure it's not as new and flashy, but it still runs on the crappy hardware from years ago... And sometimes, that's all you need.

    2. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by Chicane-UK · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I think there is a difference however.

      I mean I understand what you are saying, but if you were given the choice to upgrade that old copy of Windows 95 to say Windows 98 or better (I use that term loosely) for FREE (and assuming it still ran on the crappy hardware from years ago) then I am sure you would jump at the chance.

      Thats kinda why I find it more surprising that people use the older versions of the kernel, considering its not costing you more than a few minutes time to download the latest tarball from your local mirror, and setup a new kernel!

      --
      "Hey! Unless this is a nude love-in, get the hell off my property!!"
    3. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by castlec · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Sorry, no dice there. Win98 had no more stability and was all but Win95b with the bloat of the active desktop required . Win98 for free would be a curse to anyone still running Win95. I hated it when I "upgraded" to Win98 on my p120 because every clock cycle mattered. I went back to Daddy Blue Screen because at least he was faster.

      --
      When I tell an object to delete this, am I killing it or telling it to kill me?
    4. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by Lord+Kano · · Score: 4, Informative

      Thats kinda why I find it more surprising that people use the older versions of the kernel, considering its not costing you more than a few minutes time to download the latest tarball from your local mirror, and setup a new kernel!

      I think that's where you're missing the point.

      The way the kernel deals with devices changed a great deal between 2.0.x and 2.2.x and even moreso for 2.4.x, if you've got some custom apps that work just fine on the hardware that you're using, what's the point in upgrading?

      No risk of having to debug unforseen problems with running your app in a new environment.

      If it ain't broke, don't fix it.

      LK

      --
      "Hi. This is my friend, Jack Shit, and you don't know him." - Lord Kano
    5. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by Urkki · · Score: 2, Informative
      • Thats kinda why I find it more surprising that people use the older versions of the kernel, considering its not costing you more than a few minutes time to download the latest tarball from your local mirror, and setup a new kernel!

      What! And lose uptime! Are you nuts!

      On a more serious note, for production systems, if it is not broken (eg security vulnerability) and still does what's needed, don't touch it. If you have to touch it, touch only the part that needs to be touched.
    6. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by zurab · · Score: 2, Insightful
      It's like the people that still use Windows 95


      Except that 2.0.xx kernel is still getting updated with security patches and bug fixes, thanks to David; while Windows 95 is not secure, and any existing or future vulnerabilities, bugs, leaks, data loss, etc. will not be fixed by Microsoft.

      On an unrelated note, David says:

      Then I had a hard-disk crash in January (yes, an IBM DeathStar, of course... Heed my advice, never buy one!). While I had backups and of most of my stuff, I didn't have a backup of my latest kernel-tree ...

      Those DeathStars are nothing but trouble. Mine would freeze the system every once in a while (with the HD activity light on), refuse to boot and make funny noises. Looking back, it looks like ReiserFS saved my data quite a few times before I installed a new Barracuda. 0 problems since. Maybe he could port ReiserFS to 2.0? Not that I see any reason to do so.
    7. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by teamhasnoi · · Score: 4, Funny
      I have to agree! My install of Windows 95 has been running smoothly for years - in fact, I haven't rebooted since I installed it in 1996! Let's see, what do I have on here....

      Oh crap, that's screen burn-in.

    8. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by 1u3hr · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Sorry, no dice there. Win98 had no more stability and was all but Win95b with the bloat of the active desktop required.

      You can get rid of most of the bloated interface with 98lite. You can strip it all the way down to a CLI if you want.

    9. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      the 2.0.x kernel is used HEAVILY in embedded systems. this is a place where it takes YEARS to get things certified safe to run by the engineers.

      Can I install 2.6.1 on that system and run it? you bet I can, and with no speed loss. but I lose the knowledge that the kernel will NOT be a point of failure. Absolutely nobody can tell me the exact failure points of the 2.6 or even the 2.4 kernels. while the 2.0 kernel is completely documented and certified by the in house people here to be 99% solid. (Windows CE get's a 50% rating, a full 5% higher than windows nt,2000,xp) While QNX and BSD here are still below 80% as far as the testing people rate it... and that is what matter's to us.

      Not something that a know-nothing with no credentials says in the press.... what we see in real testing over the course of a 24 month period trying to force it to fail. (Yes, even baking the board beyond operating temps...)

      all this for testing a firmware for upcoming cable tv boxes and other embedded systems related to video/communication.

    10. Re:Latest and greatest not for everyone by AigariusDebian · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Not really. Windows 98 booted in that way is just plain DOS, while if it is stripped down by 98lite, then it is a Windows 98 but without the GUI, you can still run all command line Win32 applications, like FAR for example, you can access all Win32 API.

      And 98lite provides all steps in between pure Win98 and CLI.

  2. C64 by Sir+Pallas · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Glad to see that he still has his C64 alive and kicking as well..

  3. Interesting by TurnerK12 · · Score: 2, Informative

    That was an interesting interview. It's nice to see some people still use the good old Commodore 64 for programming.
    ---
    http://www.agigames.com
    These guys have the tools to let you make your own adventure games.

  4. Anybody... by TypoNAM · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Still maintaining the 1.0 kernel? :)

    --
    This space is not for rent.
    1. Re:Anybody... by MyHair · · Score: 2, Informative

      ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v1.0/

      Doesn't look like it. The most recent files are from April 1994.

  5. Freedom by Max+Romantschuk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Isn't it great? One of the best things with free software is that anyone is free to maintain and support it for as long as they wish. Compare to say, NT 4.0, which is perfectly capable for some tasks, but users are forced to switch because MS cuts support (read: no more security updates.)

    --
    .: Max Romantschuk :: http://max.romantschuk.fi/
    1. Re:Freedom by j-pimp · · Score: 2, Interesting

      *Resumes waiting for Firebird 0.8 and a good distro with kernel 2.6.x*
      Ok I can understand wanting a firebird binary thats been blessed, but really man, if you want 2.6.x download it, make menuconfig(or your favorite interface), bzimage, modules, modules-install, then copy your kernel and update lilo. Of course your probally running that new fangled grub. Back in my day we had boot loaders that knew their place and didn't read ext2 file systems. You had to reload your MBR every time you messed around with your kernel. And we liked it that way!!

      Seriously though, do people not compile kernels anymore? I mean I haven't in a while, but thats because my only linux box currently is used for running DiabloII for my brother and for me to attempt to cross compile Open Watcom. I compile kernels on my BSD machine regurally as i track 5.x-RELEASE. I've compiled a 2.4 kernel on SuSE a few months ago on a box at work. Is their some issue with breaking stuff (besides the system not booting) that's been happening due to magic autoconfig scripts in distros that would cause someone who wants 2.6 to wait for their distro to bless it?

      --
      --- Justin Dearing http://www.justaprogrammer.net/ We're just programmers.
    2. Re:Freedom by TiggsPanther · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Seriously though, do people not compile kernels anymore? I mean I haven't in a while, but thats because my only linux box currently is used for running DiabloII for my brother and for me to attempt to cross compile Open Watcom.

      I guess it depends very much what people use Linux for, and how they use their actual machines.
      My Linux Box is running Mandrake 7.2 with the (mostly) same 2.2 Kernel that it came with. It doesn't need anything more. Last time I tried a new Kernel (2.2.25, I think) it broke half the stuff I needed. (And I didn't have the time to track it all down)

      (I did, however succesfully tweak the settings on the supplied Kernel, so I know how to go through the process without breaking the system - it's been up about a month solid since)

      The box sits as a basic fileserver and gateway/firewall, so taking it down to compile a Kernel isn't really an option at the moment. And I'm sure other people have their main (or only) Linux box doing stuff that it's fine doing.

      Now if I had a spare machine for testing stuff on, well it'd be a whole different story.

      Tiggs
      --
      Tiggs
      "120 chars should be enough for everyone..."
  6. Aerospace COmmunity by nil5 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Not many people realize that a lot of us in the aerospace community rely on older versions of the kernel due to its "nimbleness" for fly-by-wire systems, etc. A lot of us don't need the newer features of more recent kernels, and having something that does the bare minimum--fast-- is optimal.

    We really have to be thankful that people maintain the older versions!

    1. Re:Aerospace COmmunity by nil5 · · Score: 4, Informative

      What you have to realize is the cost of developing a proprietary system versus being able to use COTS (consumer off the shell) parts and a FREE OS. The testing procedures are the same as with a proprietary system, but you have the benefit of a OS that has been thoroughly tested by MANY people over 5 years or so. Bundle this with a modern, fast Intel processor and you don't have to worry about designing a gigahertz system yourself--certainly a fair design challenge.

      The bottom line is cost. This has opened up many doors for experimental aircraft as well.

    2. Re:Aerospace COmmunity by eclectro · · Score: 3, Insightful


      What would you rather have - some old NT kernel that nobody even thinks about or 2.2 linux kernel actively updated for security issues, even if it is a 14 year old?

      I rest my case.

      --
      Take the cheese to sickbay, the doctor should see it as soon as possible - B'Elanna Torres, "Learning Curve"
    3. Re:Aerospace COmmunity by beeblebrox87 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Even if what you say is true, theres no reason why a proprietary solution makes more sense. If I'm putting the life in the hands of a computer, I damn well want to be able to know about every piece of code that computer is running.

      But really, Linux isn't a consumer OS. Linux is a kernel frequently used in consumer OSes. This means its been tested by a _lot_ of people, and is that much more stable as a result. There is nothing particularly consumerish about the kernel itself (certainly not the 2.0 kernel), and aerospace companies can easily just configure without consumer-oriented features.

      I fail to see why you think open source software is somehow less able to protect human life than proprietary software.

    4. Re:Aerospace COmmunity by Der+Krazy+Kraut · · Score: 2, Insightful

      and often with an "I don't care" type of lack of concern.

      Nope. Actually, many people developing open source software do it BECAUSE they care for quality. They're trying to find the optimal solution for a problem, even if it takes some time. Compare that to someone working at a software company, constantly chased by deadlines and stupid bosses breathing down his neck. Now THAT is an environment which produces "I don't care" attitudes.

      And since the original poster said that the open source software they use undergoes the same rigorous tests as the proprietary stuff, I really can't see a problem.

    5. Re:Aerospace COmmunity by eclectro · · Score: 4, Insightful

      A consumer OS (linux is a consumer OS, BTW) should NOT be controlling fly-by-wire... human life is at risk.

      So a non-consumer OS should be used?

      Here is an example of custom software causing a crash.

      With aircraft systems becopming more and more complex, it does give one pause as to what could happen if there was a "blue screen" or "kernal panic".

      IMHO, it doesn't matter what software is used. If it is engineered poorly, it will perform poorly. One would hope that any critical system that relies on software would "fail gracefully", but with budget pressures on a project anything can happen.

      A well-tested "consumer" OS can be a lot better than completely untested custom software.

      Poor software, like poor concrete, will crumble, no matter where it comes from.

      --
      Take the cheese to sickbay, the doctor should see it as soon as possible - B'Elanna Torres, "Learning Curve"
    6. Re:Aerospace COmmunity by warrax_666 · · Score: 2, Insightful
      You're either lying or insane (or rather, any person who wants to use Linux in such a system is insane).

      and having something that does the bare minimum--fast-- is optimal.


      Linux does not do the bare minimum! It does FAR FAR more than a fly-by-wire system would ever need. So,you say, we just disable that when we do "make config". Ah, but what if there are interactions with code which you've just disabled? (It happens. It shouldn't but it does happen).

      And don't give me any shit about Linux being tested by millions of people. Yes, it's tested by millions of people, but they are almost all testing different configurations, different code bases (think distribution patches here). Furthermore, Linux contains millions of lines of code. Don't tell me that millions of people testing millions of lines of code = no bugs. The fact is that there are still lots of bugs in Linux.

      I would have thought a fly-by-wire system would REQUIRE a hard realtime OS -- we don't want an interrupt stalling (pardon the pun) processing while the system is taking corrective actions to compensate for weather conditions (winds, etc.), do we? Linux is NOT EVEN CLOSE to being hard real time. (Neither is RTLinux).

      You mentioned somewhere that Linux is FREE as some great property of Linux. Yes, it's free. However, QNX (which would seem much more appropriate for the application) is a pittance compared to the cost of the hardware it's running on. A plane costs, what, millions of dollars? Who the hell cares if the OS costs $1,000 or even $10,000? It's nothing compared to the total cost of the plane.
      --
      HAND.
  7. Great to know by inflex · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I've got at least a dozen production machines which have been going since Slackware 3.6, so I'm very glad to see the 2.0 kernels still being 'overseen' by someone.

    The hardware is old, it works with the 2.0.x kernels, it works fast and without issues (except for exploits of course), so why bother making a radical change which might end up breaking more by moving to the latest.

    1. Re:Great to know by maharg · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I've got an old Dell GS1 workstation w/32Mb addressing 220Gb of storage via smbmount.

      Uptime: well in excess of 400 days
      Kernel: 2.0.39

      Why fix it if it isn't broken ?

      --

      $ strings FTP.EXE | grep Copyright
      @(#) Copyright (c) 1983 The Regents of the University of California.
    2. Re:Great to know by advocate_one · · Score: 2, Informative
      2.6 will give you a massive improvement in your smb serving...


      test it and see for yourself :) even 2.4 will improve your smb serving as it incorporates some improvements that were introduced to speed up Linux after the Mindcraft episode.

      --
      Donald 'Duck' Dunn: We had a band powerful enough to turn goat piss into gasoline.
  8. Who's using it... by evilviper · · Score: 4, Funny
    In autumn 2002 I also started to work quite a lot for the Debian-project,

    There's you're answer to "who's using it"... Debian!

    I have to admit, I suspected it all along...
    --
    Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
    1. Re:Who's using it... by IntelliTubbie · · Score: 3, Funny

      There's you're answer to "who's using it"... Debian!

      That newfangled 2.0 kernel? Maybe for those bleeding-edge folks using unstable, but I think Woody still uses a hamster wheel attached to an abacus.

      Cheers,
      IT

      --

      Power corrupts. PowerPoint corrupts absolutely.

  9. Speaking of kernel news... by blixel · · Score: 5, Informative

    2.6.2 has been out for several hours now ... (changelog here) - surprised /. hasn't picked this up yet. It's not like the /. editors care about hammering a site. :)

  10. Looking for a job? by black666 · · Score: 5, Insightful
    Since I'm currently unemployed, I'd really like to take the chance to do some shameless self-advertising: anyone who needs a Debian-developer, kernel-maintainer, system-administrator/integrator (Linux, AIX, and Solaris experience), or programmer of C, 6510-assembler or PHP (yes, I can do website development, just don't ask me to do the design; I can do all (X)HTML/CSS for them, but you wouldn't like me to do the artworks...)

    How come that such a skilled person with enough references can't find a job?

    1. Re:Looking for a job? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      perhaps he doesnt want to leave sweden?

    2. Re:Looking for a job? by grazzy · · Score: 2, Informative

      seems he doesnt have a degree yet ( even if he is studying now ), thats very important if you want to enter the swedish it-market today.

      the days when you could get a cs/it-job as coding html/css is over ( been there, done that, im also studying cs, but i guess i lack in the "patching-the-kernel"-department... perhaps i should take up kernel 1.0 .... hmmm.. ).

    3. Re:Looking for a job? by Zo0ok · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I do have an IT-related job in Sweden, and occationally we actually employ new people.

      We (my company, I dont personally recruit people) are not looking for the most brilliant and ambitious people out there. We employ those who have exactly the right level of skills. Sounds strange, but when the times changes, if you have employed over-qualified people they will demand higher salaries, more interesting duties, and maybe they will leave nevertheless. Being overqualified is as bad as being underqualified.

      Unfortunately, these days companies are not working with new cool upstart projects that they need smart entrepreneurs and geeks for - they rather work with streamlining their (organisational) processes, and maintanance.

      Also, they dont want to really employ someone (if they do, they see it as a strategic decision). The rather hire a consultant or "Manpower"-guy. (This might primarily be true for Sweden).

      I am not saying erasing merits from your CV will increase your chances, but the fact that someone else with more skills do not get a job does not automatically imply you wont.

      Work experience is always valuable though (unless perhaps you are 55+).

    4. Re:Looking for a job? by tao · · Score: 2, Informative

      He (that'd be yours truly) got unemployed only a month ago, so I've been busy doing other things.

  11. very interesting by CAIMLAS · · Score: 4, Interesting

    after reading his interview, it seems to me as if there are still fairly frequent problems with 2.0 relating to stability and potential security problems.

    I don't recall hearing about these problems all that often with the newer 2.4; is it just my perception, or are the new kernels more soundly written than the older ones?

    --
    ~/ssh slashdot.org ssh: connect to host slashdot.org port 22: too many beers
    1. Re:very interesting by greppling · · Score: 2, Informative
      No that is just your perception. Note that he is talking about bugs that came up in the time span between 2.0.39 and 2.0.40 -- note that 2.0.39 is now 3 years old!

      There were a lot security related bugs fixedin 2.4 in the same period. 2.4.23 was put out only for a security relevant patch. Another bug was fixed in 2.4.21 that later turned out to have been exploited in the Debian compromise. Local root exploits are not rare, unfortunately. If you also count the local-DoS (i.e., non-root user can cause kernel crash), then you get plenty, in fact.

  12. OT,but someone has to make the [NO CARRIER] joke by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    The 2.0 kernel is great, even though it is old it is quite reliab=20 ]} $}1}&..}=3Dr}'}"}[NO CARRIER]

  13. Re:Typical open-source programmer by minus9 · · Score: 4, Interesting
    When will the slashbot crowd realize that their Free software pipe dream will completely destroy the programming profession?

    If a kernel maintainer can't find a programming job then the programming profession is pretty much destroyed already.

  14. Re:How about 2.2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I think it was officially mentioned at some point by Alan that 2.2.x is now maintained by the VOLK (or was it WOLK) project. There's a page in sourceforge.net that has a newer 2.2, although the sourceforge site appears to be unreachabel just now, so cannot specify the URL.

  15. Re:Typical open-source programmer by winkydink · · Score: 3, Funny

    Oh yeah, he's the perfect employee. He spends all his time writing free software and poetry. I'll go ask my boss to open up a req at $100k/yr on that job description right now.

    --

    "I'd rather be a lightning rod than a seismometer." -Ken Kesey

  16. Re:How about 2.2? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative
    (Same anon.coward here) Now sourceforge's up again, and I can confirm it is was WOLK http://sourceforge.net/projects/wolk/

    They have kernel "2.2.25-3-SECURE", updated August 20, 2003.

  17. Re:Typical open-source programmer by Cereal+Box · · Score: 3, Insightful

    These things can actually be good things for a programmer though.. Most of the best programmers I know, and we're talking real code wizards here, lack Comp Sci degrees, aren't very social, and have big egos amongst their type.. but they do the work and don't complain.

    I disagree. That type of programmer is the kind who has a hard time doing things any other way than his way. If management says "this NEEDS to be done this way", he's the one saying "that's stupid because I wouldn't do it that way. Therefore, no one else would do it that way." You tend to see this attitude a lot on Slashdot, usually when someone points out something Linux can't do but Windows can. To which, the Linux zealot/anti-social programmer will reply: "so what? That's stupid. No one would want to do that anyway."

    These people are not necessarily the best people to have on a team.

  18. Your life in a computers hands by Man+In+Black · · Score: 2, Insightful

    If I'm putting the life in the hands of a computer, I damn well want to be able to know about every piece of code that computer is running.

    No offense, but I'm willing to bet that you've broken this axiom many, many times... possibly without even realizing it. Do you know about every piece of code that the computer in your car is running? Hell, do you even know about every piece of metal that's in your engine? There are tons of possible malfunctions in cars that could easily cause the death of the driver, or at least a major accident.

    Not to mention that no one has the time to personally look over the source code to an airplane's systems before they're willing to take that business trip.

    It would be nice to know that you have the option to look at all the code if you want, but I'd be willing to bet that if there were any major problems in there that Boeing or Chevrolet's engineers didn't see, you probably wouldn't see it either.... perhaps if you were actively using the code yourself, but certainly not on a cursory glance anyways.

    Besides, if there is going to be a mistake, it's probably more likely that it's due to human error than some computer glitch, so I hope you're checking up on the pilots credentials every time you board a plane, and check a driver's license every time you get on a bus or taxi.

    --
    -"One machine can do the work of fifty ordinary men. No machine can do the work of one extraordinary man." -EH