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The Real da Vinci Code

r.jimenezz writes "This month's Wired magazine has a fascinating article about an American roboticist and an Italian scholar who apparently have demonstrated that one of Leonardo's creations, a three-wheeled cart, is actually a 'physically programmable robot'. Very interesting reading."

63 of 235 comments (clear)

  1. Everything but the internet by Big+Nothing · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Leonardo is the Hamlet of art history," says art historian Kenneth Clark, "whom each of us must re-create for ourself." Da Vinci has been credited with inventing just about everything but the Internet."

    It's a shame that we had to wait until Al Gore came along for that one.

    --
    SIG: TAKE OFF EVERY 'CAPTAIN'!!
    1. Re:Everything but the internet by MrMartini · · Score: 3, Informative

      Of course, we well-informed readers of slashdot all know that Al Gore never actually claimed to have invented the internet...

      http://www.snopes.com/quotes/internet.htm

    2. Re:Everything but the internet by Big+Nothing · · Score: 2, Funny

      "Of course, we well-informed readers of slashdot all know that Al Gore never actually claimed to have invented the internet"

      Next thing you're gonna tell me that Gates never said that 64K should be enough for everyone?

      --
      SIG: TAKE OFF EVERY 'CAPTAIN'!!
    3. Re:Everything but the internet by MrMartini · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Next thing you're gonna tell me that Gates never said that 64K should be enough for everyone?

      Well, actually, yes! Gates never said that.

      He said that 640K should be enough for anybody.

    4. Re:Everything but the internet by strider44 · · Score: 4, Informative

      lol, though it's like taking candy from a baby, I hate to break it to you but he did never actually say that (for both 64k and 640k, which is the actual hoax statement), at least according to Wired News.

    5. Re:Everything but the internet by quigonn · · Score: 4, Informative

      The original quote is (cited from my memory, but I've heard the sound file about a million times): "during my service for the United Status Congress, I took the initiative in creating the internet"

      Another memorable quote from him is "I'm not an expert on computers".

      --
      A monkey is doing the real work for me.
    6. Re:Everything but the internet by JAgostoni · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Even out of context I would say I would not interpret it that way. And he did, in fact, help create the environment that led to the Internet.

      Snopes always has the digs on this stuff.

    7. Re:Everything but the internet by superpulpsicle · · Score: 2, Insightful

      That's a really good observation here.

      But the reality is, it doesn't matter what Bill Gates say. Yesterday he said Internet Explorer was the safest, fastest more reliable browser. That doesn't mean you should go launch a massive research to see if it's true.

  2. Hmmm by pmc255 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Doesn't that make the robot program the first computer program in history?

    1. Re:Hmmm by frugle · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Doesn't that make the robot program the first computer program in history?

      Perhaps if it were a computer. I suppose that depends on the definitions you give to "computer", "input", "calculate" and "output".

      There are so many definitions of computer from the simple "Machine that processes information" to the more indepth "An electronic device with the ability to (1) accept user-supplied data, (2) input, store, and execute programmed instructions, (3) perform mathematical and logic operations, and (4) output results according to user specifications."

      What does a machine have to be able to do before it can be called a computer?

      --
      http://www.frugle.co.uk/
    2. Re:Hmmm by segmond · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Nope! It as much a computer program as clocks are!

      --
      ------ Curiosity killed the cat. {satisfaction brought it back | it didn't die ignorant | lack of it is killing mankind
    3. Re:Hmmm by I(rispee_I(reme · · Score: 2, Funny

      Such as The Adventures of Soli-taire.

    4. Re:Hmmm by groomed · · Score: 2, Informative

      It'd have to be computationally equivalent to a Turing machine.

    5. Re:Hmmm by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Rather than focus on what a "computer" means, perhaps we should focus on what "programmable" means.

      If the movement is controlled by cams, and one can put in a different cam to change the behavior (movement), then that is a kind of programmable abstraction: a new machine is not built for each new variation, but rather the cams hold the "program". We might take that for granted, but it was revolutionary back then.

      I saw a toy like this once, but I don't remember where at the moment. You inserted roughly circular cams and the toy's movement was based on the shape of the cams as they slowly rotated. It was sort of like the needle of a record player moving with the groves and controlling the steering lever, except the "grove" was not necessarily a spiral.

  3. they also found out that robot name was... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    Bender!!

    1. Re:they also found out that robot name was... by mog007 · · Score: 4, Funny

      I don't think "Bite my shiny metal ass" would roll off the tounge so easily in Italian.

  4. Patent!! by slarshdot · · Score: 4, Funny

    All your technology are belong to Leo.

    --

    I'm not out of order! You're out of order! The whole freaking system's out of order!
  5. Re:Slashdotted already by MavEtJu · · Score: 4, Funny

    Here's the text, I can't see this site holding up much longer.

    Yeah right. Wired is better at this than the average cable modem ISP.

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    bash$ :(){ :|:&};:
  6. I thought the first programmer is by oddmake · · Score: 5, Interesting

    ...Ada Lovelace.
    Now,the honor of the first programmer seems to be da Vincci's.

    1. Re:I thought the first programmer is by krymsin01 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, it'd still go to Ada for the first electrical programing. da Vincci just did it in mechanicly.

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      stuff
    2. Re:I thought the first programmer is by aussie_a · · Score: 3, Funny

      Now, now. We couldn't have a female be the first programmer forever. We've been quietly working on a way to prove someone was before her and now we have. Now I just hope no-one finds out da Vinci stole all his ideas from his wife.

    3. Re:I thought the first programmer is by Serious+Simon · · Score: 4, Informative

      Electrical? If Ada Lovelace programmed anything, it would have been Charles Babbage's Analytical Machine, which was fully mechanical.

    4. Re:I thought the first programmer is by Singletoned · · Score: 5, Interesting
      "Well, it'd still go to Ada for the first electrical programing. da Vincci just did it in mechanicly."

      Babbage's analytical engine was entirely mechanical, and was designed well before the invention of any device providing a consistant flow of electrical energy. However it was never actually built until a hundred years after his death, as engireeing wasn't of a high enough standard in those days to build the parts he required.

      Ada Lovelace described the methods for programming the analytical engine and wrote a program for it (ie literally wrote it). da Vinci didn't actually write a program at all, he just designed a working robot.

      More on Ada Lovelace, (daughter of Lord Byron)

    5. Re:I thought the first programmer is by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      He didn't have a wife! He was gay!

    6. Re:I thought the first programmer is by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Its likely Babbage programmed his machine first.

    7. Re:I thought the first programmer is by 91degrees · · Score: 2, Insightful

      However it was never actually built until a hundred years after his death, as engireeing wasn't of a high enough standard in those days to build the parts he required.

      Engineering of the day was perfectly capable of building a difference engine. The science museum proved this by building one to the same tolerances that were avaialable at the time. It's quite likely that the analytical engine would have required the same level of precision.

    8. Re:I thought the first programmer is by wagemonkey · · Score: 2, Funny

      That sounds familiar too - was Babbage then the first IT Project manager?

    9. Re:I thought the first programmer is by goatan · · Score: 3, Informative
      However it was never actually built until a hundred years after his death, as engireeing wasn't of a high enough standard in those days to build the parts he required.

      babbage Not quite When first concieved in 1821 Babbage could find nobody with the skills to make the machine until 1832 see the rest below for why it wasn't completed.

      The Difference Engine The Difference Engine was conceived in 1821 in an effort to mechanise the production of mathematical tables. Unlike the earlier calculators of Schickard, Pascal and Liebniz, the engine was not designed to perform basic arithmetic but to calculate a series of numerical values and automatically print the results. Difference engines were designed to calculate using the `method of finite differences', a well used principle of the time. The advantage of using the method of differences is that it eliminates the need for multiplication and division in the calculation of a particular class of mathematical functions called polynomials. The Difference Engine only used addition which is easier to mechanise than multiplication and division.

      Manufacturing parts for his engines stretched the standards of engineering practice of the time. The intricate shapes required special jigs and tools and the Engines' mechanisms demanded hundreds of near-identical precision parts. Babbage conceived his Engine designs at a time when production techniques were in transition between craft traditions and mass-production and there was not yet the means of producing repeated parts automatically.

      Babbage conducted an extensive survey of manufacturing techniques and practice by visiting manufactures and craft workshops in England and on the Continent. He concluded that the precision and intricacy required for the construction of his Engine were beyond the capabilities of the technology of the day. This study, conducted during the 1820s, formed the basis of his influential book entitled On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures, published in 1832.

      The design specification for the full size Difference Engine No. 1 required an estimated 25,000 parts which would have had a combined weight of some fifteen tonnes. The Engine, if completed would have stood eight feet high, seven feet long and three feet in depth. Babbage hired Joseph Clement, a skilled toolmaker and draughtsman, to build the Engine. This portion of the Difference Engine, 'the finished portion of the unfinished engine', was completed in 1832 and is among the most celebrated icons in the prehistory of computing. It is the oldest surviving automatic calculator and among the finest examples of precision engineering of the time.

      Babbage benefited from substantial government funding - £17,500. But work on the Engine was halted in 1833 when Clement downed tools following an unresolved dispute over compensation for moving his workshop four miles to new premises near Babbage's house.

      He also designed the Diffrence engine No.2 which was much simpiler than the original but with the same computing power as Diffrence engine No.1.
      --
      Saying Apple is better than MS is like saying Botulism is better than rabies.

    10. Re:I thought the first programmer is by cr0sh · · Score: 3, Informative

      The strange thing was is that Babbage was likely fully aware of a fairly new invention (for the time), known as the "relay". As a mathematician (of great renown, BTW), he was also fully aware of boolean logic, as well as binary arithmetic. In theory, he could have easily based his machine on boolean logic/arithmetic using relays and electricity - but for some reason, chose not to! It wouldn't be until Herman Hollerith in the late 1800's working in America to calculate the census - using punchcard machine tabulators and electricity, to advance down this road (and much later before more work was done to hook these tabulators together into something like a programmable calculator). I find it strange that Babbage didn't take this next step - and at least marry mechanical bits with electrical bits. It wasn't that his ideas couldn't be carried out with the technology of the day - they could. It was more likely Babbage's grander plans and financial issues (along with difficulties with his draftsman/engineer - Thomas something?) that left him from taking that next step. Had he not abandoned the Difference Engine and built it (by abandoning it, and coming up with the better design for the Analytical Engine - after spending a ton of Crown money for the Difference Engine - I can understand his investors backing out) - he would have gotten money to go ahead with the Analytical Engine in full (or, had he conceived the general purpose Analytical Engine first, etc). Furthermore, if he had taken an electrical/mechanical route - he could have likely saved a lot of money in the building of the machine (less precision needed, less machining needed). Ah well - that's history for you...

      --
      Reason is the Path to God - Anon
  7. da Vinci's flawed invention by 10Ghz · · Score: 4, Interesting

    "Da Vinci enthusiasts have reconstructed the automobile several times during the past century, but it's never worked. The device seemed destined to join the ranks of da Vinci's grandiose but flawed inventions - what one scholar called his "impossible machines."

    AFAIK, da Vinci (and other inventors of the time) placed errors and flaws in the schematics of their inventions on purpose. The idea was that if someone stole the schematics, he couldn't make it work and claim it as his own. The original inventor would know about the flaw in the schematic, and fix it accordingly.

    --
    Lesbian Nazi Hookers Abducted by UFOs and Forced Into Weight Loss Programs - -all next week on Town Talk.
    1. Re:da Vinci's flawed invention by OverflowingBitBucket · · Score: 5, Funny

      AFAIK, da Vinci (and other inventors of the time) placed errors and flaws in the schematics of their inventions on purpose.

      I'm a software engineer, and I've been doing this for years. I didn't realise da Vinci also had job security issues.

  8. Old news... by DigitalBubblebath · · Score: 5, Informative


    The BBC had an article on this back in April. I think it was on TV, too.

  9. Re:Slashdotted already by tiled_rainbows · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I think that the over-the-top writing in the first paragraph of the article was supposed to be a parody of "The Da Vinci Code" style.

  10. oppression of oppression of technology. by AeiwiMaster · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Some may think that oppression of
    science and technology only happened
    in the dark age but it is still happening today! (read about it here.)

    I have made an eigenpoll to find the best books on alternative science.

    When starting to study a new subject, I like to find best material on the subject and that is what eigenpolls is designed to do.
    While most pools find the most popular option, eigenpool helps find the rare jewels of a subject and my experience from other eigenpolls is that the rare jewels is about a order of magnitude better than the popular ones.
    I do know that an eigenpoll looks a little confusing at first and if you have suggestions to make it simpler let me know.
    Just start adding missing book to the list, then mark the books you have read and rank them in the little window at the top.

  11. Re:How is this not totally pointless? by tiled_rainbows · · Score: 5, Insightful

    How is this not totally pointless?

    Dude, let me count the ways:

    1. Da Vinci is, like, one of the foremost intellectual figures of the Italian Renaissance, which is a pretty important period in history, especially as regards culture and technology and stuff.

    2. One of the most interesting things about the invention of the computer is not the various engineering challenges such as how to build the logic gates and stuff, but the initial idea that computation itself can be usefully reduced to a physical, deterministic process. If, back in the 15th century or whenever, there was some guy thinking along the lines of encoding machine-readable data in the for of little bits of carefully-crafted wood, then, even if the idea didn't work, the fact that he had the idea at all is pretty amazing and has all sorts of implications for the Renaissance concept of the mind, of logic, etc, etc.

    3. One of the reasons that Da Vinci's inventions are so famous is that, while they are obviously shockingly ahead of their time, no-one knows in many cases whether they were ever built, whether they worked, or even what they were for. Any progress in unravelling these mysteries is a significant step towards understanding Da Vinci himself (For the point of this, see point 1 above).

    4. It's a mediaeval-style robot. Not only is this self-evidently cool in itself, it also has major implications for Dungeons-and-Dragons-playing Slashdotters, who can now, with an arguable degree of verisimilitude, introduce clockwork robot buggies into their campaigns.

    I mean, how can you ask what is the point? What's not the point? This is Slashdot, a website for geeks. Da Vinci is the proto-geek, if not The Uber-Geek Of All Time. This is an article about how he built a clockwork robot. This should be rocking your world. If it were not for your low UID I would assume that you'd found your way on here by accident.
    Hope this answers your question

  12. Babelfish by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    "Bite my shiny metal ass"

    Translates to:

    "Morda il mio asino lucido del metallo"

    Its even funnier when I translate it back to the Queen's English:

    "It bites my ass I polish of the metal"

    This should be a game... me thinks!

    1. Re:Babelfish by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      This should be a game... me thinks!

      it already is. Philip K Dick. wrote about it in the novel Galactic Pot-Healer published in 1969. People would send well-known quotations to the translation computer, translate it into a few different languages, and then back to english. Then someone else would try to guess what the original quotation was. The Game is introduced on the bottom of page 6 of the Vintage (USA) edition. It's kind of tangential to the novel. Typing "galactic pot healer babelfish" into google brings up a few interesting links of people actually playing this game today.

    2. Re:Babelfish by saforrest · · Score: 4, Funny

      Beißen Sie meinen glänzenden Metallesel.

      The funny thing about this is that it uses the polite form of the second-person, Sie. So it's as though you said, "Please, sir, bite my shiny metal donkey".

      A better equivalent would be:

      Beiß meinen glänzenden Metallarsch!

      which Babelfish translates to

      Bite my shining metal ass!

      (Pretty good, really.)

  13. Bah ... by pherris · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I'm much more impressed with Dr. Benjamin Franklin's invention of the jet ski.

    --
    "And a voice was screaming: 'Holy Jesus! What are these goddamn animals?'" - HST
    1. Re:Bah ... by pherris · · Score: 2, Informative

      John Fitch (the inventor of the first steam powered boat) tried this design (which failed) before going with his crude "paddle" system (picture six canoe paddles on each side of the boat with an overhead gearing system). Later Robert Fulton (a brilliant engineer in his own right) saw the design and greatly improved it by designing the circular side paddle wheel system.

      --
      "And a voice was screaming: 'Holy Jesus! What are these goddamn animals?'" - HST
    2. Re:Bah ... by KevinKnSC · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Your Great-Great-Grandmother has some explaining to do.

  14. Now all we need to discover... by fremar · · Score: 2, Funny

    ... is that Da Vinci was also the first to obtain a software patent on the software for his programmable robot...

  15. Re:oppression of oppression of technology. by tantrum · · Score: 2, Insightful
    in the dark age but it is still happening today! (read about it here.)


    wtf.?! That is some funny shit.. I've never seen that many conspiracy theories before.

    Didn't really know that cold fusion was easy to implement either. /me wants free energy now :)
  16. Re:How is this not totally pointless? by snake_dad · · Score: 2, Interesting
    I really hope that this guy didn't get a grant to research this.

    Da Vinci got many research grants, even though they were not called that in those days.

    --
    karma capped .sig seeking available Slashdot poster for long-term relationship.
  17. This just adds to the confusion by Neo's+Nemesis · · Score: 5, Interesting
    The individual parts, interestingly, are not original to da Vinci - gears, cams, and the verge-and-foliot mechanism were all familiar concepts, particularly to clockmaking, the nanotech of da Vinci's day. Indeed, as the historian Otto Mayr has noted, "clocks and automata, in short, tended to be very much the same thing"; clocks, in 16th-century dictionaries, were considered just one type of automata. But the possibility is that da Vinci married two ideas and created, in essence, a clock on wheels - turning the segmenting of time into the traversing of space - well before anyone else had thought of such a thing.

    Then this leads us to believe that the whole device (robot) itself was a translation of clocks' motion to a linear one on a larger scale. If thats the case, then instead of Da Vinci, the credibility of being the first programmers should be given to the Egyptians.

    1. Re:This just adds to the confusion by ockegheim · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "If it was simply a spring-powered cart, it would not be that big a deal," [Rosheim] says. "What's significant is that you can replace or change these cams and alter how it goes about its path - in other words, it's programmable in an analog, mechanical sense. It's the Disney animatronics of its day."

      A clock in itself (water or mechanical) will only tell the time, and isn't programmable. The motion of robot is programmable, which would give Leonardo two significantly new concepts in one invention: translating spring-loading mechanisms into spatial movement, and then making that movement pre-programmable.

      --
      I’m old enough to remember 16K of memory being described as “whopping”
  18. DaVinci invents BSOD by Linker3000 · · Score: 5, Funny

    In other news, apparently every time the invention didn't work as intended, DaVinci would hide it behind a blue canvas screen so that onlookers couldn't see him working on the mechanics - hence the term "Blue Screen of DaVinci" (BSoD) came in to common use during that era for any mechanical device failure.

    In later years, a manufacturer of popular computer operating systems adapted this 'blue screen' imagery for their own use and programmed their applications to displaye a blue screen on a regular basis in honour of the famous inventor and his work on early 'computing' devices.

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    AT&ROFLMAO
  19. See Scientific American by dargaud · · Score: 4, Informative

    This machine was covered in Scientific American magazine a couple months ago.

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    Non-Linux Penguins ?
  20. Programmable automata existed long before by RZeno · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Heron of Alexandria created numerous automata, some programmable, some 1400 years earlier. Da Vinci was familiar with translations of Heron's works, and even tried to recreate some of Heron's machines.

  21. Come on people!!! by JamesP · · Score: 4, Funny

    Someone forgot the question: But does it run Linux???

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    how long until /. fixes commenting on Chrome?
  22. Cerf & Kahn by Rufus88 · · Score: 3, Informative

    he was intimating that he helped foster the environment where the internet could flourish. Unfortunatly, this is probably not true either

    Wrong. The two men who, more than anyone else, *can* claim to have invented the internet, back up Al Gore on this one.

  23. Re:Next on slashdot: Da vinci code build in LEGO by mikael · · Score: 2, Interesting

    That's been done a long time ago - The Lego 8888 Idea Book came with instructions to build a robot crane programmed with 'gear racks'. A 6x20 flat plate contained six "channels" of gear racks. As this was pulled through the internals of the crane, it would force the small eight tooth gears to rotate - these controlled the rotation of the crane (clockwise/anti-clockwise) raising/lowering of the jib, and raising/lowering of the arm.

    Not bad for a publication back in the 1980's.

    --
    Vintage computer adverts: http://www.vintageadbrowser.com/computers-and-software-ads
  24. Turing machines by Rufus88 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It'd have to be computationally equivalent to a Turing machine

    There is no physical device that is computationally equivalent to a Turing machine. A modern conventional computer is a finite state automata. The infinitely-long tape of a turing machine makes it physically unrealizable.

  25. Re:Da Vinci's Code by tcr · · Score: 2, Funny

    I am now reading a book called Holy Blood, Holy Grail which is interesting and a good read, even if it does build a house of cards mostly on theories and conjecture.

    That's actually a brilliant encapsulation of the genre... :-)

    --


    Information wants to be beer.
  26. Stupid Wired by Dun+Malg · · Score: 4, Funny
    Know one of the things that bugs me about the typical Wired writer? Lame attempts to inject dramatic tension in what is, really, just an informational article. Things like this:
    We sit in his office and pore over sketches of the cart on folio 812 recto of the Codex Atlanticus. I reach carefully for the espresso his wife has placed on the table, trying not to spill any on a nearby copy of the Italian mathematician Bernadino Baldi's 1589 translation of Heron of Alexandria's Automata. It is a first edition.

    Wow! I'm on the edge of my seat! Will he spill his coffee on the 400 year old book? Quick! Click the "next page" link and find out!

    --
    If a job's not worth doing, it's not worth doing right.
  27. Re:How is this not totally pointless? by vidarh · · Score: 3, Insightful
    How do you know it didn't inspire anyone to copy him? The article describes a text from 1600 about an automaton that was deviced along "similar principles" as one that DaVinci had presented in 1515, so apparently his work on this was known at the time, even though not much appears to have been preserved. Who knows how many of the people who played a great role in the huge number of automatons that were built were inspired directly by DaVinci, or indirectly by automatons built by people inspired by DaVinci? Who knows how much of this work carried over into other work on automation, and ultimately over into computing?

    The thing is, one of the key mysteries around DaVinci is that very little is known about how many of his ideas were led to working machines, and how many that were publicly known in his own time. Hence very little is known about the degree to which he influenced or didn't influence development.

  28. Re:Da Vinci's Code by bmalia · · Score: 2, Funny

    No Way! The Da Vinci Code is the best book I've read in a long time! I liked it so much, I've picked up the Angels and Demons one too. I can't wait for the movie to come out!

    --
    There's no place like ~/
  29. Re:Slashdotted already by Dun+Malg · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Is it me or did the author go overboard with the adjectives in the openening paragraph (crepuscular, mote-strewn, glowering)?

    The author is clearly a frustrated hack writer. I think the tortured style is partly (as others mentioned) imitation of "The Da Vinci Code". The other part is a lame attempt at literary journalism. Note his periodic intrusive descriptions of his own experience researching the article, and how they struggle to establish relevance with the subject matter. It's the sort of subject that doesn't lend itself to immersive reporting unless you're going to research and build the dang robot yourself and record your experience. He should've stuck to the old fashioned "pertinent facts only" model of reporting for this one.

    --
    If a job's not worth doing, it's not worth doing right.
  30. Leonardo Invents Everything by MonkeyCookie · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Does anyone else feel like DaVinci is becoming the Nostradamus of technology?

    For every event that occurs, people point to something Nostradamus said and claimed that he predicted it. Sure, what Nostradamus actually said was very vague and can be made to fit a huge number of events, as no astrologer worth his salt would be too specific for fear of losing his job.

    It also seems that for virtually every technology that comes out, DaVinci managed to invent it a long time ago. Sometimes it's obvious, but it sometimes it seems it's all about interpretation. Sure the device in his drawings could possibly do this or could possibly do that, but is it really so or are people just wanting it to be that way? It seems to be a lot of interpretation, and I've heard so much of it, I'm starting to become rather sceptical.

    Similar to this, Christian fundamentalists love to quote Bible verses to "prove" their point. Not only do Bible verses not hold any water with me, but it seems like anyone can find Bible quotes to support virtually *any* view they have. It would surprise me if there were verses from the Bible, which interpreted in the right way, would support baby sacrifice or atheism.

    It's all about taking already existing facts or words and making them say what you want them to say.

    1. Re:Leonardo Invents Everything by Doomdark · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Well; human brain is really at its best in finding similarities (patterns, analogies), so it's no wonder that oftentimes similarities are found where none really exist. However, in case of da Vinci, while there may be some over-eagerness in explaining how he invented everything, he truly was a remarkably talented inventor... one that doesn't really need any extra credit. Not to mention being multi-talented individual gifted in other areas as well.

      As opposed to Nostradamus, whose babblings are well over-inflated... but same can be said about all fortune tellers, from apocalypse to most sci-fi authors (ones that try hard to 'predict' future).

      So I think it's bit unfair to compare da Vinci with Nostradamus.

      --
      I like paying taxes. With them I buy civilization -- Oliver Wendell Holmes
  31. Wired doesn't get Mark Rosheim by Animats · · Score: 3, Informative
    That article sounds like a Reader's Digest reject.

    Mark Rosheim is a well-regarded designer of industrial robot arms. His "Robot Evolution", is a coffee-table book for mechanical engineers. He's strong on the practical issues academics ignore, like preventing gear-tooth breakage and cable damage in factory operations. Some of his designs are quite elegant. So he's qualified to do this. The article makes him sound like a nut.

    As for automata, it wouldn't be at all surprising for DaVinci to have done entertainment automata. It was one of the few things you could sell in the court-patronage era of mechanics. Understand that in that era, science, art, and mechanism design were hobbies of the rich. This was because you can make beautiful little mechanisms out of brass with hand tools and time, but to make power machinery that does useful work, you need an industrial infrastructure. That didn't come until much later.

    The best early automata are by Jaquet-Droz, and are in a museum in Neuchatel. They still work, being carefully maintained by Swiss watchmakers, and on the first Sunday of each month, they're demonstrated. The Writer writes, with pen and ink, and can be reprogrammed for different messages. The Draughtsman draws, again in pen and ink. The Musician plays the piano. They are all cam-programmmed, and date from the 1700s. Worth a trip if you're in Switzerland. The Writer is probably the best mechanical automaton ever made.

  32. Sooner or later... by John+Allsup · · Score: 2, Insightful

    people must see that just about anything is programmable in some sort of way given a sufficiently clever programmer. Computing
    and computability arises in any aspect of nature that produces any discrete form of organisation. Once you have discrete organisation, you have the basis for primative forms of arithmetic, and from that you may build whatever you like.

    --
    John_Chalisque
  33. Bounded-tape Turing machine. by CreateWindowEx · · Score: 2, Interesting
    A modern conventional computer is a finite state automata.
    A modern computer has equivalent power to a bounded-tape Turing machine. Anyways, a "true" Turing machine can't actually use an infinite amount of tape without taking an infinite amount of time to do so, so the difference is fairly academic.

    In some sense you could argue that a computer is a FSA, but that's not really a meaningful analogy--that would be like modeling planetary orbits with a billion epicycles. A FSA for a computer with only 64KB of memory will have 256^65536 states (well, plus a few more for the CPU registers)! I don't know exactly how big that number is, but it's definitely more than the number the particles in the known universe. With one state for each possible configuration of every bit in the system, that's not unlike trying to recreate Shakespeare by printing all possible combinations of letters and spaces.

    ...far, far, into the distant future, Haley Joel Osmond is saying to himself at the bottom of the ocean:
    To be or not to be, aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa.
    To be or not to be, aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaab.
    To be or not to be, aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaac.
    To be or not to be, aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaad.