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UK Judge: Who needs software patents?

Glyn Moody writes "C|Net has a surprising story about a seminar given by a top judge at the U.K.'s Court of Appeal who specializes in intellectual-property law. According to the article, he has "questioned whether software patents should be granted, and has criticized the U.S. for allowing "anything under the sun" to be patented." Is the tide turning?"

39 of 237 comments (clear)

  1. Pay for the Progress Bar You Use! by eldavojohn · · Score: 5, Insightful

    While this judge's message may seem absurd, remember to pay royalties when you code a progress bar in your application.

    That's right, a whole lot of people owe William S. Andreas and Jeffery P. Foster of IBM a whole lot of money.

    Oh, and this was filed in the U.S. but approved by a European patent office so I don't think it's fair for this judge to bash only us Yanks.

    My church had a fundraiser once and I believe they used a progress bar on a website to track their earnings ... I should e-mail Mr. Andreas and Mr. Foster--the Catholic Church has got deep pockets!

    Say, have any of you Java swing programmers ever typed

    JProgressBar myJPB = new JProgressBar();

    ? Because I was thinking of starting a patent lawyer career, I just need you to reply with your name, contact information and the application you used it on and distributed.

    --
    My work here is dung.
    1. Re:Pay for the Progress Bar You Use! by Harmonious+Botch · · Score: 5, Funny

      A baking thermometer is prior art.

    2. Re:Pay for the Progress Bar You Use! by TheAwfulTruth · · Score: 5, Insightful

      No, because a baking thermometer does not track progress. During baking the temp usually remains constant.

      However, using a visual representation of a thermometer to track the progress of a school backing sale to fund the cheerleaders trip to Washington for cheerleading finals would qualify as prior art of the concept at least.

      What really stinks is how ideas that have been in use in various forms for years, decades or even centuries are suddenly now new and novel becuase they are used on a computer. The word "non-obvious" has been completey removed as a screening criteria from the patent process. :(

      That type of patenting must be stopped and all previous such obvious patents reversed.

      --
      Contrary to popular belief, coding is not all free blow-jobs and beer. Those things cost MONEY!
    3. Re:Pay for the Progress Bar You Use! by ObsessiveMathsFreak · · Score: 4, Funny

      The word "non-obvious" has been completey removed as a screening criteria from the patent process.

      Sir, here at the USPTO we take pride in granting patents without consideration of trifling concepts such as; gross obviousness, unoriginality and indeed patentability itself.

      --
      May the Maths Be with you!
    4. Re:Pay for the Progress Bar You Use! by Doctor+Faustus · · Score: 5, Informative

      No, because a baking thermometer does not track progress. During baking the temp usually remains constant.
      The temperature of the oven, yes. The temperature of the food, no. Food doneness is usuallly checked by the temperature in the middle of the food: 140-180F for various meats, and a little over 200F for bread.

    5. Re:Pay for the Progress Bar You Use! by tambo · · Score: 3, Informative
      Sir, here at the USPTO we take pride in granting patents without consideration of trifling concepts such as; gross obviousness, unoriginality and indeed patentability itself.

      To be fair, when it comes to software, the USPTO has struggled under two logistical problems:

      • It's really tough to find prior art on a lot of software inventions. Sure, patents like Amazon's OneClick method and Compton's "embedding multimedia on a CD-ROM" method are evidence of obviously deficient examination - prior art should have been easy to find. But consider, say, an algorithm embodying a specific video codec - the only instances of prior art might be embodied in closed-source, commercial video players. Short of decompiling and reverse-engineering a bunch of complex software, the examiner is incapable of demonstrating prior art - especially in light of the USPTO's examiner productivity metrics, which severely limit the examiner's time frame for searching and finding prior art.

      • The USPTO has been really abused by Congress. They appoint patent administration officers not on the basis of patent experience, but as political favors. Worse, Congress views the USPTO as a cash cow and siphons off its excess funding - thereby depriving the USPTO of funding to improve its examination process (e.g., hiring more examiners.)

      It's true that the USPTO could have done better with the resources at its disposal. But it's possible that it just hasn't been given enough resources to meet its responsibilities.

      - David Stein

      --
      Computer over. Virus = very yes.
    6. Re:Pay for the Progress Bar You Use! by tambo · · Score: 4, Insightful
      In either case, the USPTO is incompetant and incapable of doing its job. It should stop issuing patents immediately.

      :shrug: Good luck with that argument.

      Over the last five decades, the U.S. economy has moved steadily away from physical goods and toward intangible goods - services, culture, music, movies, etc. This includes the development of intellectual property. It is a cornerstone of our economy. That's why the U.S. Congress has steadily increased its support of intellectual property protection. Accordingly, the courts have read federal IP legislation with broadening scope, since this is the plain intention of Congress.

      So if you're arguing for the dismissal of U.S. patent legislation, you'll have to suggest a way of recapturing the huge share of our GDP attributable to the export of patent-based intellectual property. Since our trade deficit is already deep in the red, you might not find your state Congresscritters to be very receptive.

      - David Stein

      --
      Computer over. Virus = very yes.
    7. Re:Pay for the Progress Bar You Use! by tambo · · Score: 3, Insightful
      IMO, it's unfortunate, but the current US patent law favors issuing a patent if there's any real room for doubt. It basically says to apply for a patent, you have to sign an affidavit saying that as far as you know, this is really your own invention.

      In fact, this duty goes much further: applicants are required (1) to have conducted at least a minimal search, (2) to disclose all known prior art that might be relevant, and (3) to assert their reasonable belief that the invention is still patentable in light of this prior art.

      Unfortunately, very often, applicants wildly shirk this responsibility. One of the damning factors of current software patent practice is that for many issuing patents - including junk like scrollbars - the applicants disclosed no prior art. You have applicants filing claims for inventions like "selling products over the Internet" and disclosing fewer than three prior art references - as if they simply don't know of many businesses selling products over the Internet. It's deplorable.

      This is one of the best suggestions for fixing the USPTO's examination system: start enforcing Rule 56 sanctions, i.e., start punishing applicants (and patent practitioners) who fail to satisfy their due-diligence research and disclosure duties. A few sanctions, including patent license suspension, would prompt a rapid and marked reduction in the number of patent applications being filed, and in the quality of those patent applications.

      - David Stein

      --
      Computer over. Virus = very yes.
  2. Huh? by Sneftel · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Is the tide turning?

    No. Judges aren't The Borg. One judge's opinion (and that's little-o opinion, not an opinion handed down) is hardly a watershed event.

    --
    The opinions stated herein do not necessarily represent those of anybody at all. Deal with it.
    1. Re:Huh? by bitkari · · Score: 5, Interesting

      No. Judges aren't The Borg. One judge's opinion (and that's little-o opinion, not an opinion handed down) is hardly a watershed event

      But this Judge's opinion is quite representative of the concerns of many in Europe. Remember that the EU software patent directive was rejected by a margin of over 600 votes.

      If the concerns of people such as Sir Robin Jacob are well publicised, this can only help educate the public at large and inform the MEPs who vote on such matters.

    2. Re:Huh? by TheRaven64 · · Score: 5, Interesting
      If software companies everywhere in the world except the US can disregard software patents then this will mean:
      1. Software development in the US will be more expensive, and/or
      2. Software sold in the US will be more expensive
      I can think of at least one company with a very large lobbying fund that would not be too happy to see this. Currently, software patents are tolerated by US businesses based on the belief that they will be valid in the rest of the world eventually, and the US will have an advantage since they were allowed to start collecting them before anyone else. If it looks like this is not going to be the case, then I can see a lot of pressure placed on the government to revoke them.
      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
  3. Is the tide turning? No. by dougmc · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Is the tide turning?
    I don't think so. Lots of people have been saying that software patents aren't needed, for a long time, and this is just one more guy. Sure, he's a guy with `credentials', but even that's not so unusual.

    When the patent process actually changes, THEN you can say the tide is turning. Until then, the tide is just growing, like it has been for a long time ...

  4. There are a few good patents as well by poeidon1 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Though the whole topic of software patents has usually only one solution of abolishing them completely, there were a few good works as well which deserved to be patented for e.g. RSA encryption etc, But these are really very few in number compared to the number of stupid/ridiculous/outrageous patents that are granted.

    --
    They called me mad, and I called them mad, and damn them, they outvoted me. -Nathaniel Lee
    1. Re:There are a few good patents as well by CastrTroy · · Score: 4, Informative

      RSA encryption is a mathematical algorithm. You can't patent that. You can't patent a program that implements a mathematical algorithm either (or you shouldn't be able to). I don't think i've seen a piece of software that should be patentable.

      --

      Anthropic principle: We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to see it.
    2. Re:There are a few good patents as well by Anpheus · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I had a choice between modding this down and replying, but I'll give you the benefit of the doubt here. Anything can be described as a mathematical model based on a set of axioms, from which operations on elements can be performed. That's right, your toaster has many underyling mathematical principles, so does your microwave, and any other device. There really isn't a whole lot you can't use some mathematical model to explain. So given your reasoning, there ought to be no patents. Even such ideas as relational databases can be explained quite well using Tuple Calculus. Complex operations within relational databases can be derived from broad mathematical definitions. It's a property of emergence, and in the future I don't see many, if any, fields not represented by some subset of mathematics.

      To put it succinctly, if you don't like patents, simply say so. If you're going to be grabbing for excuses not to like certain kinds of patents, you're not helping the problem.

    3. Re:There are a few good patents as well by CastrTroy · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The difference between a toaster (which would be patentable if it was a new invention) and software is that the toaster isn't implementing a mathematical algorithm. The resulting actions of the toaster can be explained by physics and chemistry, but isn't the result of pure manipulation of numbers. RSA is just a way of manipulating numbers. A toaster, or any other physical invention should do more than manipulate numbers. unless it's a computer, and it's purpose is manipulating numbers. I have no idea why nobody ever patented the computer. Basically it should work like this. If you can't patent something without adding "software","a computer", or "the Internet" to it, you shouldn't be able to patent something simply by adding "software","a computer", or "the Internet" to it. If you could patent RSA you wouldn't need to patent software that implements it, because that would be covered by the existing patent. Since you can't patent RSA, you can't patent a piece of software that implements it.

      --

      Anthropic principle: We see the universe the way it is because if it were different we would not be here to see it.
  5. santa by Coneasfast · · Score: 4, Insightful

    just so you can see how retarded the US patent system is, see this santa hat patent

    it seems to me that the purpose of the USPTO is not to grant patents but to make money from applications etc

    i could probably patent my ass if i tried to

    --
    Marge, get me your address book, 4 beers, and my conversation hat.
    1. Re: santa by Black+Parrot · · Score: 4, Funny

      > i could probably patent my ass if i tried to

      But would anyone pay you royalties for it?

      --
      Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
    2. Re:santa by Intron · · Score: 4, Funny

      i could probably patent my ass if i tried to

      Rejected - too broad

      --
      Intron: the portion of DNA which expresses nothing useful.
    3. Re: santa by smoker2 · · Score: 4, Funny
      > i could probably patent my ass if i tried to

      But would anyone pay you royalties for it?

      Sorry, Prior art
  6. Turning tide by ClippySay · · Score: 5, Funny

    / You look like you are trying to turn   \
    | the tide. Turning the tide is patented |
    | by Microsoft and is not implemented    |
    | yet. Shall I call the police? Feds?    |
    \ BSA?                                   /
            \     ____
             \   / __ \
              \  O|  |O|
                 ||  | |
                 ||  | |
                 ||    |
                  |___/

    --
    cpu0: Microsoft Clippium ("GenuineClippy" ChromedMetal-Class). Paperbinding, lockpicking, fish-hook-hack support.
  7. No by ObsessiveMathsFreak · · Score: 4, Funny

    "Is the Tide Turning?"

    No.

    This subversive will be dealt with quickly and harshly. Already the muck rakers are fervently searching for mud to fling at this commu-terrorist.

    We are the IP companies. Fire your lawyers and prepare to be sued. We shall add your intellectualy distictive property portfolio to our own. Justice is futile.

    This message brought to you in association with: "The USPTO. For a more prosperous, litigious future."

    --
    May the Maths Be with you!
  8. The tide isn't turning by Bogtha · · Score: 4, Informative

    The EU Commission are trying to push through software patents again. There's a write-up on Groklaw. I think their idea is to keep trying again and again until we get sick and tired of protesting it.

    --
    Bogtha Bogtha Bogtha
    1. Re:The tide isn't turning by ObsessiveMathsFreak · · Score: 3, Insightful

      I think their idea is to keep trying again and again until we get sick and tired of protesting it.

      That's exactly it. The IP companies only need to get lucky once, the rest of us have to be lucky time and time and time again. Eventually, they'll get through, and then we'll be stuck with software patents forever, as to atempt to dislodge them would be "theft" of IP rights.

      --
      May the Maths Be with you!
    2. Re:The tide isn't turning by Saib0t · · Score: 3, Insightful
      As CTO of a company, I was thinking that I'd send them my position on the matter... It looks like they're making this consultation as difficult to contribute to as they can get away with...

      The thing is a PDF, you read it, write your answers separately and send them all to an email address.
      I just read the damn thing and it's basically HEAVILY BIASED towards companies... Seeing that, I'm not sure my answer would do anything, but I'll do it anyway... take for instance this introductory exert from from the PDF:

      The idea behind the patent system is that it should be used by businesses and research organisations to promote innovation.

      Strange, I was under the impression that patents were there to protect INVENTORS, not businesses.

      Pisses me off (pardon my french)

      --

      One shall speak only if what one has to say is more beautiful than silence
  9. Re:Is the tide turning? No. by Karzz1 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I concur 100%. If I see Bill Gates or Sam Palmisano (or even Darl McBride hhahaahahahaha) make these types of statements I might change my mind. However, until the powers that be (i.e. the ones w/money buying up and enforcing all these patents) take the necessary measures to fix the problem they have created, I don't foresee any improvement regarding software patents.

    --
    Beware of he who would deny you access to information, for in his heart he dreams himself your master.
  10. US patent system doesnt work by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I agree you should be able to patent a process. However the US system defines no logical limits on such a definition. The RIM Blackberry versus NTP is only one good example. NTP patended the process of sending communication to a device from a server, this is basically the concept of all TCP/IP traffic, however since NTP was successfull in making certain claims they OWN this process, and others must pay royalties to use it, regardless of how obivous it is.

    --------------
    www.kybe.com
    ^its an adult text and image search engine i'm working on.

    1. Re:US patent system doesnt work by ObsessiveMathsFreak · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I agree you should be able to patent a process.

      I don't.

      A process is not a tangible thing. It does not operate on specific components. no matter how specific you make it, a process is not a tangible, "hold in your hand" item. It doesn't do anything, not by itself at any rate. A process is an abstract concept, and patenting abstract concepts used to be disallowed.

      It would be bad enough if the process was well defined, but with half the process patents out there, what was originally meant to be applied to computer chip manufacture is so vauge taht it could just as easily be used to sue a kid selling lemonade to passers by.

      --
      May the Maths Be with you!
  11. Notice to appear by AeroIllini · · Score: 4, Funny

    "Is the tide turning?"

    Hardly. This judge is in the UK, and is clearly in violation of U.S. Patent #15648663245877954-5468, "Method for Citizens of Foreign Countries to Criticize the United States on Matters of Intellectual Property," filed by my company, Litigious Bastards, Inc., on November 3, 2002. He will be hearing from our lawyers shortly.

    --
    For security, the MD5 hash of this message and sig is 09f911029d74e35bd84156c5635688c0.
  12. Is the tide turning? by Black+Parrot · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The tide is never going to turn in countries that let themselves be ruled by lobbyists.

    --
    Sheesh, evil *and* a jerk. -- Jade
  13. Immediately thereafter ... by athomascr · · Score: 5, Funny
    According to the article, he has "questioned whether software patents should be granted, and has criticized the U.S. for allowing "anything under the sun" to be patented."
    Immediately thereafter, the USPTO approved a patent on his questions.
  14. Why NOT allow Software Patents by jglazer75 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It doesn't seem to me that the patent process is inherently ill-suited to software. In fact, it's a far better fit than copyright because of the nature of the resultant work. The patent system requires full disclosure of the invetion (the copyright laws do not) and the term is definite (20 years v at least 70 years for copyright). With the copyright system (the only system left for protection if patents are withdrawn), there is no disclosure, so you end up with DRM to protect access to copyrighted elements even though not all the elements are copyrightable. However, circumventing the DRM to discover non-copyrightable elements is either a violation of the law or it is a violation of the EULA that you agreed to. If the software could only be patented, the applicant would be required to disclose the entirety of the invention and thereby promoting science. It would, by definition, only allow those elements that are protectable to be protected and the patent would clearly disclose what those are. Copyright laws only act to obfuscate the promotion of science.

    The problem with software patents is not that patenting is ill-suited but rather that discovery of prior art and laziness by the PTO have resulted in questionable patents being issued. Even this isn't a problem, because when challenged and scrutinized those patents that are bad are discarded and those that are good are upheld. The problem lies in the cost to litigate this - essentially ensuring that the "little guy" must bow to the pressures of the multi-national corporation.

    Instead, maybe the PTO should adopt a cheap ex-parte reconsideration procedure (to my knowledge only the applicant can request reconsideration for a patent that is denied) that lasts for the lifetime of a patent where the challenger only needs to present some evidence of a patent-destroying issue. This would eliminate the huge costs of trying the patent in a court of law and make the process a little more fair. If there is evidence of non-obviousness or prior use for a "progress bar" the patent will destroyed, otherwise, why shouldn't the patentee be rewarded for his new and novel invention (it should be to his benefit that such an invention is widely used!)

    1. Re:Why NOT allow Software Patents by Jerry+Coffin · · Score: 3, Interesting
      The problem lies in the cost to litigate this - essentially ensuring that the "little guy" must bow to the pressures of the multi-national corporation.

      Actually, the opposite tends to be true. The bad publicity associated with suing "little guys" tends to prevent big companies from suing. By contrast, lots of the little guys sue big companies all the time -- and quite a few make a good (sometimes almost unbelievable) living out of it too.

      If you want a serious example, look up "Jerry Lemelson". In case, you want to see a serious example of how badly wrong Wikipedia can get things, look him up there to start with (if you know anything about him, it'll give you a good laugh).

      Though he got hundreds of patents (and they may still be issuing) the only thing he ever invented (and I'm not sure he invented it, but he certainly used it a lot) was the submarine patent -- he'd keep patents "in the system" for years, often even decades. He'd write an initial patent that was exceptionally broad and vague, but then keep writing amendments to it for years at a time. Then, when somebody invented something roughly similar, he'd rewrite his old patent (that was still in the system) to cover what they invented, and claim he invented it decades earlier.

      Just for one obvious example, he originally wrote a patent on a computer system. Later, when TI invented the microcontroller (i.e. CPU and peripherals on one chip) he rewrote his old computer system patent by basically adding "and...uh...all of that is on one chip." It took quite a long time, but eventually this did get sorted out in court -- the court fuled that his rewritten patent was invalid because the original application showed no evidence that he'd originally even contemplated what was really the important part of the invention -- moving the peripherals onto the same chip as the CPU.

      TI did the right thing, fighting this all the way through court to get a bogus patent invalidated. Most companies, however, won't do that -- if the patent holder offers to settle for (say) half what they'd have to pay for the patent litigation itself, they'll just pay the money, and move on.

      Given that a patent case will usually cost millions of dollars, it's pretty easy for "little guys" to go and basically blackmail big companies into giving them a few hundred thousand dollars (or so) with even a thoroughly bogus patent. The afore-mentioned Jerry Lemelson did exactly this to the tune of billions of dollars. Despite the money he made (and his estate still makes, as I understand things) he did stay a little guy in terms of (complete lack of) integrity though.

      --
      The universe is a figment of its own imagination.
  15. Re:Is the tide turning? No. by umeboshi · · Score: 4, Funny

    God has a patent on the "Hello World" program. We are still waiting for Him to finish His "Goodbye Cruel World" program.

  16. Patents aren't the problem by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Patents are not the problem. It is ill-equipped patent reviewers and weak reviewing guidelines that are.

    Innovative work expressed in software (a virtual machine) should have the same protection as any innovative work expressed in mechanical form (a physical machine). It is the non-obvious innovative work part that the patent office seems to not understand when it comes to software as well as they do when it comes to physical machines.

    IMHO, what is needed are stricter rules, guidelines and use of software experts to review software patents.

  17. Re:Fat, Ignorant American Assholes by Bezben · · Score: 5, Informative

    Thats funny, I was always under the impression that the US got into world war 2 after they were attacked, a few years after it started... My history has always been shakey though.

  18. Yeesh by rumblin'rabbit · · Score: 4, Insightful
    You never could patent code - you patent inventions. Code is copyrighted.

    In every discussion like this there is always somebody who don't know the difference between patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets.

    Addressing your actual point, up till now the development of computer algorithms has progressed very nicely without much patent protection. It's a bit like saying, "without patent protection, where's the incentive to develop new physics?"

  19. MS on patent reform by badriram · · Score: 3, Informative

    HEre is what Microsoft is pushing for

    Sure it does account for no patents at all on software. It does call for better patent quality, a faster and more open system.

  20. Re:Incentive by Jerry+Coffin · · Score: 3, Interesting
    If you can't patent code, where is the incentive to research new algorithms.

    You can't patent code -- you can patent (for exmaple) an article of manufacture that embodies the code, a method of operating a computer that happens to depend on code, etc.

    That, however, is more or less beside the real point. The point of the patent system isn't primarily to encourage research, inventions, etc. Its point is to encourage people to publish their inventions, and to place them into the public domain in return for exclusive rights to them for a short time.

    For those who've pointed out that software technology progressed before patents were allowed on software, I'd point out that while this is at least partly true, there are other things to keep in mind. At that time (up through about the seventies or so) software mostly wasn't an industry in itself. Most software was developed by hardware companies like IBM as what they had to do to sell their hardware. Since they saw the hardware as the real product, and the software as having no real value in itself, it was pretty easy for coders to publish what they did.

    If there weren't patents today, I'm reasonably certain the situation would be a whole lot different. IBM (to reuse the previous example) has a software business that makes billions of dollars in itself. If they couldn't patent their inventions in this area, my guess is that they would not just publish them and given them away to everybody. Instead, they'd keep them secret.

    The patent system is basically an investment on the part of the public. We don't have to put in money (directly) up-front, but we give the inventor some value, and in return we get full rights to their invention (eventually).

    As far as bogus patents go: it's true that there are quite a few patents that are basically nonsense. Many aren't really original, and some don't even work at all (e.g. there are currently some in faster-than-light communication). That's more or less par for the course in investments though -- people diversify investments largely because they know at least some things they invest in are going to be complete losers. In addition, keep in mind that what we've given up is the value of the patent for a period of time -- if the patent has no value in the first place, we've given up exactly nothing. In fact, we get even a slightly better deal than that -- the patent office is profitable, so every time a completely bogus patent gets issued, our tax burden (and gov't debt) is reduced by some tiny fraction of a percent.

    Admittedly, if you're in the position of the EU (for one example) you're pretty much getting the best of both worlds -- since most real inventions will be patented in the US anyway, you get the benefit of it being published, but without having to give the inventor anything in return.

    Given that what we're investing is a limited period of exclusive rights, the real question (IMO) is mostly whether we're investing the right amount of time. This is basically a balance -- if the period of a patent is too short, the inventor is more likely to maintain something as a trade secret instead of patenting it. If the period is too long, we're increasing the cost, and decreasing the payoff. The question is how soon the invention is likely to become obsolete -- if most are obsolete before their patents expire, we're getting a lousy deal.

    --
    The universe is a figment of its own imagination.