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New Universes Will be Born from Ours

David Shiga writes "What gruesome fate awaits our universe? Some physicists have argued that it is doomed to be ripped apart by runaway dark energy, while others think it is bouncing through an endless series of big bangs and big crunches. Now, scientists have combined these two ideas to create another option, in which our universe ultimately shatters into billions of pieces. Each shard would then subsequently grow into a whole new universe. The model could solve the mystery of why our early universe was surprisingly well ordered."

66 of 440 comments (clear)

  1. Please... by EveryNickIsTaken · · Score: 5, Funny

    Now it sounds like these guys aren't even trying anymore. I could've sworn I saw this in an episode of Star Trek.

    1. Re:Please... by Sneftel · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Sounds fine, as long as it's coupled with a plausible explanation for god.

      --
      The opinions stated herein do not necessarily represent those of anybody at all. Deal with it.
    2. Re:Please... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 3, Insightful

      One single, three-letter word is all we need to answer this question, no models necessary: "GOD."

      I don't understand why we need to make up so many other ideas. Yeah, why have science at all?

      "Why is there lightning?" "God did it."
      "How did mountains form?" "God did it."
      "Why do massive bodies attract each other?" "God did it."
      "How do cells reproduce?" "God did it."
      "Why is there disease?" "God did it."

      Who needs those complicated science models. Three words, no models necessary: "God"
    3. Re:Please... by shawn443 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I once heard this exact analogy and it really got me to think. I am a scientist at heart so I certainly believe in its merits. However, do we really expect science to explain everything? Is there a scientific method that provides proof for the meaning of life? To me, the chances of everything being as they are now by cosmic chance seems just as plausible as a God in heaven. So in the meantime I am currently undecided, a fact for which my Christian friends tell me I am undoubtedly going to hell for.

    4. Re:Please... by maxwell+demon · · Score: 5, Funny

      Three words, no models necessary: "God"

      What are the other two words?
      --
      The Tao of math: The numbers you can count are not the real numbers.
    5. Re:Please... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      "Why is there lightning?" "God did it."
      This is so you would understand that the food you eat (that rains help grow) comes from someone that can turn night into day (lighting) and make you shake in your boots (thunder).

      "How did mountains form?" "God did it."
      This it signify to you that someone can build things that are bigger than you can build.

      "Why do massive bodies attract each other?" "God did it."
      This is so you would understand that there is a relationship between EVERY part of this world to antoher.

      "How do cells reproduce?" "God did it."
      So that life goes on to acknoledge the creator

      "Why is there disease?" "God did it."
      So you would understand that you did something wrong with the diseased part and repent. Or alterntivaely, so that you know you will die some day.

    6. Re:Please... by alucinor · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "Why is there a Universe?" "The previous Universe did it."

      Questions of this scale are just too big for faith OR science, I think.

      --
      random underscore blankspace at ya know hoo dot comedy.
    7. Re:Please... by virgil_disgr4ce · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Why, as a scientist at heart, would you think there there is a "meaning of life" to be "proven?" _v/d++

    8. Re:Please... by TechGooRu · · Score: 2, Funny

      > "Why do massive bodies attract each other?" "God did it."

      And to think I've been blaming alcohol all these years. I should have been blaming God?

      God, they say you work in mysterious ways. You owe me a 110 lb blonde with big ...

    9. Re:Please... by RatBastard · · Score: 3, Insightful

      However, do we really expect science to explain everything? Is there a scientific method that provides proof for the meaning of life?

      Who says there's a meaning to life? We want there to be one. Doesn't mean there is one. The fundamental purpose in life can be summed up thusly: "Successfully reproduce before something eats you". Do that and you've done what you are here for. Now, we as human beings can add more to that. We can, because of our intelligence, give our lives a "greater" purpose. What that purpose is is up to each of us as individuals. If you want your life to be spent helping those less fortunate than yourself do it. If you want your life to be spent eating as many donuts as you can go for it. It's your life to fritter away im whatever way suits you best.

      To me, the chances of everything being as they are now by cosmic chance seems just as plausible as a God in heaven. So in the meantime I am currently undecided, a fact for which my Christian friends tell me I am undoubtedly going to hell for.

      The chances are better for random chance than for God. We have proof the universe exists. We can see it, smell it, measure it, predict its behavior, etc... We can do none of these things for God. Add to this the fact that all previous religions and gods in history are mere myths and the chances of God being real drops even lower. Why is the current myth any more real than the previous ones? Other than you were raised to believe in this one?

      --
      Boobies never hurt anyone. - Sherry Glaser.
    10. Re:Please... by HikingStick · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I think both approaches here are unbalanced. I believe God made everything. Because I believe God made everything, I study the physical world to try to understand the physical world, so I can have a better understanding of the nature of God. The more science discovers regarding the vast complexity of this existence, the greater reverence I have for God.

      To me, God is not an excuse to abandon reason. God is the reason we should reason--so we may better understand his nature through nature.

      --
      I use irony whenever I can, but my shirts are still wrinkled...
    11. Re:Please... by Golias · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Why, as a scientist at heart, would you think there there is a "meaning of life" to be "proven?" _v/d++

      Because every scientist is a human being first. Why toil to understand the coils and springs of the universe if life has no purpose? Why inquire? Why even eat or breathe? Rocks and trees don't need a reason to exist. They simply do. Humans need a reason to get out of bed in the morning, because out ongoing existence is a daily choice. We are wired to require greater meaning, whether it exists or not.

      To believe in a higher power and/or an existence beyond death is one of several ways to ascribe meaning to your life. It requires a leap of faith to do so, but it's pretty much the most successful paradigm.

      Another way is to live your life "for others." This is, of course, rather silly and futile, because the "other" lives are equally meaningless to your own.

      Thirdly, there's living according to your own will and conscience. This is a losing game, because nobody really wants to die and everybody eventually does. Those who delay death long enough become old and decrepit, even though nobody wants that for themselves either. Most strident atheist world-views center around coping strategies for dealing with this particular bit of Bad News.

      --

      Information wants to be anthropomorphized.

    12. Re:Please... by koreth · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Most strident atheist world-views center around coping strategies for dealing with this particular bit of Bad News.
      Whereas most religious world-views center around denial of the Bad News. No need to face the implications of your own mortality -- you aren't really mortal! How convenient!

      If you're really a scientist, then surely you recognize the fallacy of shaping your data to match your desired conclusion. That's exactly what you're doing, though: "I can't figure out what to live for if there isn't a God, and I want to live for something, so therefore there's a God."

      Your life could actually be 100% meaningless if "meaning" must by definition be supplied by some cosmic superuser and that entity doesn't actually exist -- or if it exists and created you just for the hell of it, no particular purpose in mind. The fact that you don't like that possibility has very little bearing on whether or not it's true. (Which isn't an argument that God doesn't exist, by the way; just that your desire one way or the other is irrelevant to the question.)

      I also wonder how strong the "God exists because I am going to die and I don't like it" idea would be if the SENS guys turned out to be right and one could become very very old indeed without becoming the least bit decrepit.

    13. Re:Please... by exp(pi*sqrt(163)) · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Is there a scientific method that provides proof for the meaning of life?
      Maybe if you started using English words normally you wouldn't be so confused. As it is, you're just jumbling words together. Let me start with "meaning of life". What could that possibly mean? I understand what it means to say "what is the meaning of this word?" 'Meaning' makes perfect sense when talking abount communications. But what does it mean to ask for the meaning of life? Unless you're asking for the meaning of the word 'life' I haven't a clue what you're talking about. Douglas Adams dealt with this issue best with his notorious '42'. Unless you ask sensible questions you're going to get confusing answers.

      But even supposing that we found a 'meaning' for life, what could it possibly mean to ask for "proof for the meaning of life?" Do people ask for 'proof for' the meaning of the word 'dog' or 'elephant'? Meanings simply aren't the kinds of things we ask for proofs of in this way. Modifying your question slightly, "Is there a scientific method that provides proof for the meaning of 'elephant'? It simply doesn't make any kind of sense.

      To me, the chances of everything being as they are now by cosmic chance...
      The chance of something being by chance. Now that's a weird idea.
      --
      Doesn't it make you feel good to know that our freedoms are protected by politicans, lawyers and journalists.
    14. Re:Please... by Aptgetupdate · · Score: 2, Funny

      is dead.

    15. Re:Please... by Rostin · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The fundamental purpose in life can be summed up thusly: "Successfully reproduce before something eats you". Do that and you've done what you are here for. Even in denying that life has meaning, you have difficulty escaping from teleology. From a naturalistic/Darwinist perspective, it's a mistake to claim that reproducing is our "purpose." The genes and behaviors we have as a result of natural selection just are. There's no purpose. The purposes we make up for ourselves don't fare any better. They are just an illusion created by our grey matter. Living for them is as silly as believing in real meaning.

      As for the rest of your post:

      1. "The chances are better for random chance than for God."

      How would you go about calculating the "chances for God"?

      2. "We have proof the universe exists. We can see it, smell it, measure it, predict its behavior, etc... We can do none of these things for God."

      We can't do any of those things for mathematics. We can't do any of those things for the mental concepts you experienced as you wrote that statement. Perhaps most importantly, we can't do any of those things for the fundamental assumption that seems to undergird your epistemology: Empirical evidence is the only worthwhile kind.

      3. "Add to this the fact that all previous religions and gods in history are mere myths and the chances of God being real drops even lower."

      Even if your premise is true, your conclusion doesn't follow. The two are in no way related.

      4. "Why is the current myth any more real than the previous ones?"

      Also a fallacious argument. The same argument could be made about scientific models.
    16. Re:Please... by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Insightful

      For example, I know I am going to be disliked for saying it, but the theory of evolution is full of this very thing. It is a non-reproducible theory which is called "science". That is, of course, completely absurd. It is a highly explanatory theory which has been extensively tested for over a hundred years. Its predictions are far more detailed than "time and chance did it", and far more successful.

      But to point out its flaws publicly means far le$$ grant money and ridicule. Scientists point out flaws in evolutionary theory every day. They get more money for doing so. It leads to improved versions of evolution. The ones who are ridiculed are the creationist idiots who claim that evolution has been falsified.

      Meanwhile, anything that happens to overlap religion is instantly "not science" Evolution and Big Bang cosmology arguably overlap religion, but they are science. "Intelligent design", if that's what you're thinking of, is not science.
    17. Re:Please... by Clazzy · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Why toil to understand the coils and springs of the universe if life has no purpose? Because we can. Humans are inherently curious buggers so we may as well find a way to have something to do and exploit this soft spot of ours. While each and every one of us will make an insignificant mark on the universe that doesn't mean we can't look around for something to keep us occupied.
      --
      If we can hit that bull's-eye, the rest of the dominoes will fall like a house of cards... Checkmate.
    18. Re:Please... by mgv · · Score: 2

      Because every scientist is a human being first. Why toil to understand the coils and springs of the universe if life has no purpose? Why inquire? Why even eat or breathe? Rocks and trees don't need a reason to exist. They simply do. Humans need a reason to get out of bed in the morning, because out ongoing existence is a daily choice. We are wired to require greater meaning, whether it exists or not.


      So make meaning in life. Even the most fundamental christians believe in free will, so they all pretty much say the same thing too. Life has the meaning you give it, based on what you do.

      Its hard, there are so many choices in what to do with life. And you have a whole planet filled run by a bunch of monkeys with oversized brains that have pretty much no idea what trouble they can cause. We have only just gotten to the level of sentience that can cause real damage to the planet.

      So many things going wrong, and so little time to fix them. We are terraforming our this planet and trying to turn it into a new venus (not such a clever idea, really). People die daily from preventable diseases. Pointless wars driven by territorial drives from old parts of our limbic systems.

      To believe in a higher power and/or an existence beyond death is one of several ways to ascribe meaning to your life. It requires a leap of faith to do so, but it's pretty much the most successful paradigm.

      I sometimes think that if I were a god, I'd make the universe much like it is today - worlds separated by distances incomprehensibly vast. So even the experiments gone bad don't contaminate each other. And whilst I'm not really a believer in this, I do think that we are sitting on one tiny little planet surrounded by alot of cold, hard vacuum, with no real exit strategy as a species if we bugger things up here.

      But I digress...


      Thirdly, there's living according to your own will and conscience. This is a losing game, because nobody really wants to die and everybody eventually does. Those who delay death long enough become old and decrepit, even though nobody wants that for themselves either. Most strident atheist world-views center around coping strategies for dealing with this particular bit of Bad News.


      If we get the technology right, aging and so on will not be issues. I don't know if that will happen for us, or for future generations, but there are no laws of physics that need to be broken to treat virtually any human disease. It just requires the appropriate amount of understanding and technology.

      You can choose not to play this game, and make your own exit from the planet. Personally, I figure I'll get there anyway in the long run. Even immortality wont stop the universe from ending, and the big rip scenario in TFA isn't likely to be survivable by any individuals. So yes, we are all going to die. Deal with it. But its how we live our life that counts.

      There is so much to do, and so little time...

      Michael

      --
      There is no cryptographic solution to the problem where the intended receiver and the attacker are the same entity.
  2. I was going to write something insightful . . . by StefanJ · · Score: 3, Funny

    . . . witty, and profound, but the announcement that the free bagels and donuts we get every Friday have arrived.

    Just think, if only one percent of those billions of new universes repeat our time-stream, this joyous moment will be repeated . . .

    whoa, they maple bars this morning. I'm out of here. Priorities . . .

  3. I like Isaac Asimov 's interpretation better.... by Slagged · · Score: 5, Interesting
    --
    Just ask the good Jedi how they feel about "Balance" now...
  4. Black Hole Suck by Dareth · · Score: 3, Funny

    ... is there something somewhere else blowing?

    And no, that wasn't a Spaceballs reference!

    --

    I only look human.
    My mother is a halfling and my dad is an ogre, so that makes me an Ogreling
  5. My universe was ripped apart..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny
    ... when my woman left me.

    Baby come back!! No more dark matter - I promise you a Big Bang this time!

  6. Bah humbug by Fist!+Of!+Death! · · Score: 5, Funny

    I propose that the universe is actually a cheap science kit awaiting purchase on the shelf of a hyper-dimensional Toys-R-Us. I could probably prove it too if I had the funding...

    --
    Nothing witty
    1. Re:Bah humbug by Verteiron · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Close, but no cigar. The Universe is actually the ultimate firework. The Grand Finale. Imagine if you could see the universe's evolution, sped up tremendously. A huge blast, dissipating into countless trillions of sparks, swirling into fiery whirlpools of energy, structures so complex that you could spend a thousand lifetimes exploring them and never see everything. All the sparks dying away, but also forming new sparks as they go, but fewer and fewer... and finally, nothing left behind but the smoke trails, blowing away in the wind, as the band winds down.

      --
      End of lesson. You may press the button.
  7. Hopefully by shirizaki · · Score: 4, Funny

    We'll stick around to stay in our little galaxy's lives, as we want to pass on our knowledge and provide care for them. That and the threat of paying child support.

    --
    In Soviet Russia, dots slash you!
  8. Possible by styryx · · Score: 5, Interesting

    There has been a lot of research showing that Black Holes themselves are essentially fundamental particles. Coupled with (even if string theory isn't true the fundamental particle geometry is interesting) two concepts of measuring distance. Such that when one passes the Plank Length the 'easy' way of measuring distance becomes hard and measures the reciprocal instead, while the previous hard way becomes easy. Then throw into all of this the notion that we are all moving through space-time at constant velocity (light speed - this is why when you travel faster through space time slows down. so no-one really understands what time is, or how many dimensions (of 11, say) are time, or whether they are essentially different from space, mathematically, physically or philosophically.

    So yeah, i'm just about willing to believe anything right now.

  9. The Hobo-verse by Aqua+OS+X · · Score: 5, Funny

    Prominent bizarro physicists believe the new universe will be inverse of our own, controlled by the indigent, and known as the hobo-verse. This new hobo-verse will be controlled by a singular omnipotent box car hobo named "Klackity Klack." Also, it will smell like pee.

    --
    "Things are more moderner than before- bigger, and yet smaller- it's computers-- San Dimas High School football RULES!"
  10. Re:as is says in prophecy... by night_flyer · · Score: 2, Informative

    Isaiah 40:22 It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth...

    --


    Thanks to file sharing, I purchase more CDs
    Thanks to the RIAA, I buy them used...
  11. Evidence by CGP314 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I'm a physics teacher currently teaching about the Big Bang and possible ends of the Universe. I'm just wondering if there are any research physicists in the room who could tell me which theory of the end of the Universe has the most physical evidence to support it at the current time.

    Thank you,

    -CGP

    1. Re:Evidence by Ambitwistor · · Score: 4, Informative

      Right now, the theory with the most evidence in its favor is the theory which includes a dark energy described by Einstein's cosmological constant. In that theory, the universe's expansion will continue to accelerate forever, although not at such a great rate that there is a "Big Rip" which tears atoms apart. That is the "heat death" scenario, in which the universe lasts forever and runs down until nothing much is going on. Because of the accelerating expansion, we will see fewer and fewer distant galaxies as time goes on, because they will accelerate away from us faster than light can reach us. Ultimately we will only see a few local galaxies in the cluster in which we are bound.

      This scenario is explored in more detail here.

      However, it's possible that the dark energy is dynamical instead of constant, and so the expansion of the universe could accelerate or possibly even reverse and decelerate. With enough deceleration, a Big Crunch is still feasible. There are also the scenarios in which our universe spawns new "universes", such as the one discussed here.

    2. Re:Evidence by shma · · Score: 2, Informative

      I would like to add something to the previous post. While it's true that there will not be a big rip, in an accelerating universe we will still end up with a universe with no atoms. The reason is that in an accelerating universe, the horizon (the maximum distance at which we can interact with objects*) is forever shrinking. That means that after a long enough time, it will be smaller than the distance between electrons and protons in atoms. Wih the electron outside the proton's horizon, there will be no interaction to hold the atom together. So the process which starts with our galaxy being isolated from other galaxies will continue on down until nothing interacts with anything else. *In a universe which is static, the horizon is just given by the age of the universe times the speed of light. But in an expanding universe (where the scale is given by a(t), it depends on the rate of expansion, given by the hubble constant H (H = (1/a)* da/dt) . An accelerating universe satisfies d/dt c/(aH) 0, which is the precise condition that the horizon is shrinking

      --
      I came here for a good argument
    3. Re:Evidence by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Informative

      I don't wholly agree with your analysis. An atom is an electromagnetically bound system and resists expansion; you can't just take a straight Friedmann GR solution and make conclusions from that. That's why the Big Rip scenario was invented: it is an acceleration so severe that even bound systems become unbound by the cosmological expansion. A cosmological constant (w=-1) is right on the boundary: atoms become unbound only asymptotically. There is no actual finite time at which atoms (or galaxies) fall apart; a simple analysis on the basis of comparing the system size to the Hubble radius doesn't work. What actually happens is that space in the vicinity of the atom doesn't expand as fast as the rest of the universe; it's the same reason why your atoms aren't expanding with the universe right now.

      See the Big Rip paper, page 2.

    4. Re:Evidence by MBGMorden · · Score: 2, Interesting

      One of the big things in physics is that the Big Bang didn't happen WITHIN the space/time continuum, but that it actually created it. Other big bangs can't happen within our space/time because big bangs don't occur within space/time.

      Imagine a submersed mine in the ocean going boom. It blows, and all the gases in it expand out to create a "bubble". That bubble created by the big bang is our space/time.

      Now, the underlying question remains, WHY? By what mechanics did a completely random explosion create what we understand to be everything? We're talking about the thing that created the concept of existence itself. If our universe ultimately suffers heat death, is it the end of all things everywhere? If so then the couple of trillion years that stars actually burned will be miniscule compared to the literally infinite ammount of time that all these things sit around floating in utter darkness. Indeed given that scenario the big bang was nothing more that a brief flash that just fizzled out.

      If there are other universes though, how, and where, do they exist? Somehow I think that they answer, if there is one, is not understandable by a human mind.

      --
      "People who think they know everything are very annoying to those of us who do."-Mark Twain
    5. Re:Evidence by Ambitwistor · · Score: 2, Informative

      Assuming the big bang/crunch theory is correct and (here's the unlikely bit) time and space are not relative (unlikely I know) what are our odds of ever being able to detect the preceding receeding universe "shells". We can't; they're forever outside of our causal horizon. The best we can do is find indirect evidence for them (e.g., a dark energy theory, verified by cosmological observations, which has these "causal patches" as a predicted but unobservable side effect ).

      Final stupid question, with the constant speed of light providing an indication of a "stopped" position in space is the centre of the known universe stationary or moving? There is no center of the universe. (See this FAQ.)
    6. Re:Evidence by cbacba · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's all speculation.

      Big bang has the most support over alternatives like steady state - which evidently still has some adherents - apparently like halton arp.

      Despite being the most supported, there seem to be more kludges and band-aids on the theory than seems reasonable. The latest is that apparently, we're accelerating rather than slowing down. That's an experimental observation based upon supernovae intensity - which like most other things - can have alternative causes.

      What's worse, it seems that searching for star trek solutions is more lucrative than for more mundane ones. Hence, what is called dark matter is now primarily exotic new previously undiscovered phenomenon - rather than regular matter not radiating. It's very much the same sort of thing as lawyers seeking to establish precendent with new laws rather to gain a reputition rather using existing laws that have all the precedents taken care of and it's merely making use of it.

      One of the most recent 'proof' or 'evidence' of dark matter is a photo that surfaced recently showing gravitaiton lensing concentrated around a galaxy colision where the visible gas clouds had been swept out and were located elsewhere. The obvious conclusion was that since the gas was moved, all the matter was swept out of the area, leaving only mysterious dark matter. While gas can tend to be swept out, it doesn't happen to larger bodies like planet type bodies (or primordial fog particles). Perhaps such things are quite mysterious as they are unknown - but it doesn't necessarily mean they are made from something exotic or mysterious.

      Like most things nowadays, a healthy dose of skepticism should be in order. Certainty is only for religions.

      If there really is an acceleration of separation in the universe, then it would imply that the universe will die spread out and dark. However, considering that there isn't a real cause known for such an event - it means we don't know enough to have a clue what will happen in future and perhaps we are clueless as to what happened in the distance past. It might even mean we are back to square one for the infinitely large and the ultra small.

      Some things seem to imply that all of space and time is totally connected turning things into a jumbled knot.

      Considering that some quasars show as many as 13 or so different red shifted renditions of absorption lines - it just might be possible that there's a lotta stuff out there that just isn't glowing - and hence is dark matter.

      Despite the apparent preponderence of evidence (note that a general agreement of scientists cannot be proof of anything)which points to the big bang, that doesn't mean the steady state theory is totally gone. Arp may be virtually the last high powered holdout, but being the last one doesn't guarantee that he is wrong or the multitude is right. And, it wouldn't be the first time such a serious swapover has happened. The earth centered cosmology competed and dominated the sun centered cosmology for over a thousand years, providing superior predictive power and showing more promise than the sun centered which even suffered from a negative result experiment that seemed to actually falsify it (failure to find parallax in any of the fixed stars). It was only later that in the midst of a religious battle between a sun worshipping cult and the catholic church that scientists actually started to determine that despite its successes, that perhaps the greatest philospher of all time was in error, the catholic church screwed up taking a position on the wrong side of reality and that the whack-job sun worshippers were actually right about the sun being the center of the universe - at least as understood at that time. It was only duringthe 20th century that it started to become evident that the totality of all things was more than just the milky way.

  12. Why is the universe {insert idea here}? by davidwr · · Score: 3, Interesting

    You frequently get the question "Why is the universe {whatever}?" or "In order to support human life, the universe had to be {whatever}."

    This is frequently used to support the idea of divine intervention.

    If you ask such a question or make such an observation, you have to remember:

    The fact that we are here to observe it greatly restricts the possibilities, so what seems like "long odds" isn't long odds after all.

    To put it another way:
    If you play in the Superbowl and win, and your friends congratulate you, you don't say "What are the odds of my friends congratulating me for winning the Superbowl? There are 300,000,000 million Americans and only a few dozen have friends who congratulated them for winning the 2007 Super Bowl. That is rare, this is proof of divine intervention in my life."

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
  13. Alien language by isomeme · · Score: 4, Funny
    Each shard would then subsequently growing into a whole new universe.

    ...with its own new laws of physics and grammar.

    --
    When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a skull.
  14. The paper by Ambitwistor · · Score: 4, Informative

    I think the work being referred to may be in this paper, in which the universes are "causal patches" which are disconnected from each other causally by the Big Rip.

    1. Re:The paper by stonestix · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That's a different paper; the one cited in the story is posted on arXiV here http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0610213 The difference between the two papers is the causal patches you mention. The causal patch concept isn't in the former. The latest paper takes care of the entropy problem caused by a contracting universe by distributing entropy among each causal patch. Just before the Big Rip, expansion reverses and the patches contract into an infinite number of separate universes, each taking a little bit of entropy. One patch becomes/stays our universe. These patches are called causal patches because they don't interact with each other -- no light, gravity or other force can bridge the space between the patches. There's a press release about this http://www.unc.edu/news/archives/jan07/newmodel012 907.html

  15. Re:i'm so sick of the big bang by ardor · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Sigh...

    Its not mythology.

    Explain to me the cosmic background radiation, the galaxy redshift, the decrease of the alpha constant... the big bang theory has explanations for these.

    You are yet another one of the persons who falsely believe that science deals with truths. Guess what: SCIENCE DOES NOT DEAL WITH TRUTHS. It deals with MODELS, called "theories". No one claims that the big bang is "the truth". It is the best thing we have, however, since it explains most phenomena. Your jain stuff has to be verifiable AND be a) simpler than the big bang theory and/or b) cover phenomena not explained by it, then it could be considered a valid theory.

    --
    This sig does not contain any SCO code.
  16. DO NOT READ PARENT, CONTAINS SPOILER!!! by silentounce · · Score: 2, Informative

    Nice way to ruin it for the unitiated.

    --
    There are many tongues to talk, and but few heads to think. -Victor Hugo
  17. Engrish? by Bryansix · · Score: 3, Funny

    Each shard would then subsequently growing into a whole new universe.
    Is this some newfangled way to form a sentence I have not heard of before?
  18. Re:Mystery by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    Intelligent Design is not as good a theory as any, as you say, unless you think theory means "gosh all this science is hard stuff! Let's throw up our hands in reverent awe and say that some unknowable entity poofed us into existence. Alright, time for lunch."

  19. Re:Mystery by ardor · · Score: 2, Informative

    ID does not qualify as a scientific theory because of including God as a factor. God, however, cannot be probed. No one can prove or disprove God, essentially turning God into a joker. "Hmm... there was the Cambrian Explosion... oh - I know, God did it!" Since god is a non-verifiable entity, it has no place in science. For the same reason, some scientists are starting to dismiss String Theory (there is currently no way to verify it).

    --
    This sig does not contain any SCO code.
  20. Re:I like Isaac Asimov 's interpretation better... by Cheapy · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I was told that story by a friend. Quite interesting. It was the shortened version (as in a 5 minute telling), but I think I got everything.

    I do wonder though: How did the very first one occur? If this universe is from the last one, then there must have been a first one somewhere.

    --
    Would you kindly mod me +1 insightful?
  21. Creation vs Big Bang by z80kid · · Score: 2, Funny
    I've got an idea that satisfies both Creation and Big Bang.

    I call it the "Big Burrito" theory.

    Details forthcoming after lunch....

  22. yeah.. by 40ozFreak · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The idea is called Kabbalah. It's nothing new.

  23. Well-ordered? by g_adams27 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    > The model could solve the mystery of why our early universe was surprisingly well ordered.

    Not really - you've just pushed the problem back one level. Where did the well-ordered universe shards that made this universe come from? It can't be "turtles all the way down"

  24. Depends on what your definition of a universe is by Progman3K · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If you define a different universe as being physically distinct from ours, then yes;
    If parts of our universe started out in the same singularity as us but are now outside of our light-cone, then they are in effect physically separate from us, so that places them in a different universe, doesn't it? If they are outside our light-cone, and can no longer affect us, then they are not in our universe anymore but since they still exist, I think you have to consider them as being in a different universe.
    Of course it means they have to be outside of our entire universe's light-cone...

    --
    I don't know the meaning of the word 'don't' - J
  25. Re:Universe[s]??? by stratjakt · · Score: 3, Funny

    Because physicists dont look shit up on WordNet.

    The word delegate means different things to a security guard at the UN, and a C# programmer.

    --
    I don't need no instructions to know how to rock!!!!
  26. Re:as is says in prophecy... by Pojut · · Score: 3, Interesting

    See, that's why I like the Torah.

    It was originally written in hebrew. Guess what? It's still read in hebrew.

    I may not follow the jewish religion spiritually or even traditionally...but I still feel we have the holy text that is closest to what how it was originally written...

    That doesn't explain why using electricity on shabbat is considered work but walking five miles because you aren't supposed to drive is NOT considered work. Fuck that.

  27. Re:for the future! by locokamil · · Score: 5, Funny

    It's the new growth area in more fashionable parts of the financial industry: temporal debt relocation.

    Too much debt? Can't make interest payments? Already at BBB debt rating? No worries, [XXX] can help you! For a nominal fee of $99.99, we'll buy your debt and make it go away. How? Our patent pending quantum time tunnelling technolgy relocates your debt to an alternate universe, allowing a parallel you to foot the tab.

    What could possibly go wrong? Call today: 1-800-NO-MODET.

    [Hablas Espagnol!]

  28. Re:I like Isaac Asimov 's interpretation better... by Pfhorrest · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I was told that story by a friend. Quite interesting. It was the shortened version (as in a 5 minute telling), but I think I got everything.

    I do wonder though: How did the very first one occur? If this universe is from the last one, then there must have been a first one somewhere.


    No, there doesn't have to be a first one. It's perfectly possible for there to have been an infinite series of previous ones.

    In fact, if you accept that something can't come from nothing, then the very notion of a first one at all is absurd. Where did THAT come from?

    --
    -Forrest Cameranesi, Geek of all Trades
    "I am Sam. Sam I am. I do not like trolls, flames, or spam."
  29. Inversely proportional to the number of Americans. by kale77in · · Score: 2, Funny

    If you play in the Superbowl and win, and your friends congratulate you, you don't say "What are the odds of my friends congratulating me for winning the Superbowl? There are 300,000,000 million Americans and only a few dozen have friends who congratulated them for winning the 2007 Super Bowl. That is rare, this is proof of divine intervention in my life."

    The correct analogy would involve you having no idea whether other Americans exist, but thinking: "Hmm, the more Americans there were, the lower the likelihood of intelligent design would be."

    You may be on to something there...

  30. Re:Mystery by morgan_greywolf · · Score: 2, Informative

    Intelligent Design is not as good a theory as any. It's not testable, it's not falsifiable. It can't be repeapted. It's not based on multiple observations. These problems and more make Intelligent Design invalid as a scientific theory. No matter how you package it, Intelligent Design is religious dogma, not science.

    Also, I could modify that last line of yours to say that majority of the religious community used to believe (and some members STILL believe) that the Earth is flat. Based on your post, I should say that you should believe the Earth is flat, too. It says so in your Bible.

  31. occam's razor by circletimessquare · · Score: 2, Insightful

    the uniformity of the background radiation and the uniformity of the red shift are observations that don't contradict me, nor do they support you. on the scale we are talking, such large expanses of time and space, you can't with certainty say that what you observe supports the existence of the big bang with any more certainty than i can say it disproves it. there are too many unknown variables about what we don't know on these time/ space scales at work here for you to say you can stand firmly with two feet with the "proof" you have

    it's a dead heat. there is no proof either way. and as such, we are left with only one guiding principle:

    occam's razor

    when you hear hoofbeats, don't think of zebras

    when you hear hoofbeats, it's probably just horses. why do you insist it should be zebras?

    the exotic is the exotic for a reason: it's less likely, because its more complicated for the collusion of the events that make the improbable possible to occur. in other words, i do not have any more faith in my uniform across all time and space model... i can't. the proof isn't there for me. but by the same token, where does the certainty in your model come from? a model that is less likely, because its more complicated

    furthermore, your model speaks of anthropomorphic prejudice. whatever you think is being supported by the obervations about redshift and COBE's findings is one out of thousands of interpretations, but you seem to have latched onto the most dramatic old testament creationistic model, with such an overly certain fervor that it belies a cultural/ theological/ anthropomorphic prejudice on your part. the big bang has been accepted and enshrined for no other reason than that the western culture that gave birth to hubble, einstein, etc. is firmly entrenched in old testament teachings for generations about a creation myth that... bears strong resemblance to the big bang. nice coincidence huh?

    there are thousands of possible reasons for what we see. but why is the big bang treated with such certainty? this is suspect to me

    occam's razor defeats you: the boring and mundane is more likely than the exotic. i don't have more proof than you to support the mundane model i am suggesting. but at least i realize that. big bang supporters don't seem to understand that the leap from what we see: "abc" to what it means: "xyz", has a lot of "defghi...stuvw" in between of alternative reasons, less exotic more mundane reasons, that gets conveniently skipped over when thinking critically about the big bang model

    you've latched onto the exotic, and not allowed for the natural variety of less dramatic interpretations to come to fruition in your mind

    --
    intellectual property law is philosophically incoherent. it is your moral duty to ignore it or sabotage it
  32. Re:Mystery by alucinor · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Usually when the bible or related pagan religions (such as caananite or egyptian) refer to the "four corners of heaven", it's more than likely they're making a reference to the four heavenly calendar points: the autumnal and vernal equinoxes, and the summer and winter solstices. it has been for the majority of human civiliation that the earth has been understood to be curved -- an easy observation for even ancient scientists to make when watching a ship "sink" below the horizon or watching the sky shift as one changes latitudes.

    --
    random underscore blankspace at ya know hoo dot comedy.
  33. Re:It is sad that physics has been taken over by h by Einstein45 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I see no problem with a fourth dimension expanding relative to the three spatial dimensions.

    Here's how we can define it:

    "The fourth dimension is expanding rleative to the three spatial dimensions."

    What laws or axioms or postulates has the above statement violated?

    None that I can see.

    What the author seems to be saying is that time is an emergent property of this underlying physical reality, which they then use to unify seemingly disparate physical phenomena.

    "The fourth dimension is expanding rleative to the three spatial dimensions."

    This would explain why everything propagates through space-time at the velocity c--this never changes.

  34. Re:Please... String Theory and Physics are Now Per by Einstein45 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Criticizing string theology will get you banned by the groupthinkers.

    "It must be so--for the greater good of physics, the individual physicist, and thus physics, must be sacrificed."

    So many live so blind to the irony here.

  35. No, wait, you're an idiot by Chmcginn · · Score: 2, Informative

    When geometers came up with curved ways to define straight lines, they called it "hyperbolic geometry" meaning approximately "unnecessary but still pretty cool geometry."

    Not the adjective 'hyperbolic' as in 'exaggerated'. It's called 'hyperbolic' cause it's related to hyperbolas.

    --
    Have you been touched by his noodly appendage?
  36. Re:Brilliant analogy by Lazerf4rt · · Score: 2, Interesting

    1. You provide no examples.
    2. "Quite close" is subjective, and therefore a useless metric of success.
    3. Even if you did provide several strong existing examples, it would say absolutely nothing about the accuracy of this particular Asimov short story.

    The only reason people want to daydream about how accurate this particular short story could be is because they hold their own intelligence to be an object of personal vanity.

    And not that it matters, but here are a few science fiction pieces that were way off:

    • 2001: A Space Odyssey
    • 1984
    • I, Robot
    • Back to the Future II
  37. First Causes and Infinite Serieses by Pfhorrest · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Ehm yeh, but there are only 2 ways to go:

    Either something can come from nothing (good luck with proving that) or something comes from something (good luck proving that too). And in the latter case, if something is only possible from something then something can't exist; it's a paradox.


    You're right that we can't prove either way whether it's possible for something to come from nothing - it's just a generally accepted premise. I'm not aware of anyone who has seriously doubted it. The closest I can think of is theists who believe the world was created "ex nihlo" - literally, "from nothing" - but even they usually say that it didn't *really* come from nothing; it came from God. "Something cannot come from nothing" is actually a premise in one of the oldest and most popular arguments for the existence of God, the "first cause" version of the cosmological argument.

    But your second sentence there is incorrect. If it is true that something cannot come from nothing (which seems correct), then either something has always existed, or nothing ever has or ever will exist; and since it is evidently true now that something exists, you must conclude that something has always existed. The first cause argument tries to twist this into "there is some [particular] thing which has always existed", i.e. an eternal being, a.k.a. God, but that's not equivalent to the conclusion of this line of reasoning, which is simply that at any given point in time, the statement "something exists" has been true, or equivalently, if you were to ask about any given thing "was there something before that?", the answer will be "yes". (This is not to rule out the logical possibility of there having been a single eternal being preceding everything else; it merely shows that that's not a necessary conclusion of the premises "something can't come from nothing" and "something now exists").

    Your supposed paradox arises because you're trying to ask a question that doesn't really make sense. Suppose you told me that for every real number, there was a smaller number; that is to say, that there is no "smallest number" (which is true). And then I asked you "ah, but what number is smaller than the whole number line?" That's not a well-formed question... the number line itself has no numerical value, so there is no "smaller than" it. Likewise, while it's true (given something can't come from nothing) that there is always something preceding any other thing, it makes no sense to ask "ah, but what preceded all of it?". There is no "before" the timeline, any more than there is a "less than" the number line.

    I like to pose a similar line of reasoning to science-minded people who reject theistic first-cause argument, but still like to claim that there was literally no such thing as time before the big bang. The physics equivalent of "something cannot come from nothing" is the law of conservation of mass-energy; which says that it (mass-energy) can never be created or destroyed. This is taken to be a law of physics, i.e. inviolable. Given that, and the fact that mass-energy presently exists, it's then just as quick and easy to deduce that mass-energy has always existed, as something is here now, but it could not have been created, so it must have always been. The only alternative to this is either that the conservation of mass-energy isn't really a law of physics, and that in certain (perhaps very unlikely, but theoretically reproducible) circumstances it can be violated, and something can really come from nothing - which not many physicists will want to accept - or that it is an "inviolable" law of nature which on one single occasion was actually violated - in other words, to call the Big Bang a miracle, which is just to give up on science entirely and say "I don't know what happened and I'm not going to try to find out".

    Of course, this isn't to rule out that the Big Bang happened; all empirical evidence points to the known cosmos originating from an explosion of some sort in the distant past. This is just to rule out that ther

    --
    -Forrest Cameranesi, Geek of all Trades
    "I am Sam. Sam I am. I do not like trolls, flames, or spam."
  38. intelligent design is not a theory by ArbitraryConstant · · Score: 2, Insightful

    "How is it flamebait if someone even mentions God?...the statement was made in a very tasteful way and it is simply the poster's opinion. I know *most* everyone on Slashdot doesn't believe in God in the traditional sense but Intelligent Design is as good a theory as any...If you were really thinking scientifically you would take all theories into account and not dismiss others because of how ridiculous it is solely based on the majority of the scientific community. The majority of the scientific community used to believe the Earth was flat, you couldn't split an atom, among so many other things. Science is not infallible"

    Intelligent design is not a scientific theory because it's not falsifiable. That doesn't mean it must be wrong (because it might be historically true), but the reason it's important for things to be falsifiable is because this gives us a mechanism to gain confidence in things we discover.

    Science is also not infallible, which is why the justification for belief is important. There needs to be a reason something is held to be true, "You haven't got a better idea." isn't enough. And there needs to be a willingness to abandon things that are shown to be wrong, something various religious organizations haven't been terribly willing to do (eg Galileo got locked up for claiming that heavenly bodies could orbit something other than the Sun).

    You shouldn't take my word for it that the Earth is round, you should agree that it is a reasonable conclusion from the fact that different parts of the world can simultaneously experience night and day, or that something casts a longer shadow as you go further north/south, or that you can go up into space and look at it and take pictures. It's not "zOMG SCIENCE SAID SO", it's a mechanism that allows good reasons for thinking things to be evaluated and filtered out from the bad reasons.

    Intelligent design might indeed be historically accurate, but there aren't any good reasons to assume that it is. The Bible gives one account, but Hindus will give you another. In the absence of any good way to pick one over the rest, the only reasonable action is to keep looking for reasons. That's what led us to evolution, and parts of evolution that didn't hold up to the evidence (eg Darwin thought all change must be slow and gradual) get shot down just as surely as the claim that the Earth was created in its current form 6k years ago.

    It's not a he said/she said thing, it's the fact that intelligent design brings nothing useful to the discussion. Without being able to test it, it doesn't give knowledge more weight, and accepting it implicitly means accepting that we don't need to bother expanding our knowledge. That's simply not a reasonable thing to expect.

    --
    I rarely criticize things I don't care about.
  39. Re:It is sad that physics has been taken over by h by DerWulf · · Score: 2, Insightful

    You definatly have time on your hands. I checked your forum. The 'style' of your writing is unmistakable which uncovers immediatly that you post under at least three different nicknames. Loads of threads only consist of (sometimes multiple) post by you.
    I don't care about the spam or about how blantanly bad your posts smell of a marketing .
    I care about your mental health. Usually spammers and scammers stand to gain from their activities. That's not the case with you. I suspect that you simply are mad.

    So please, go see a doctor. Don't harm yourself or other!

    --

    ___
    No power in the 'verse can stop me
  40. Re:Depends on what your definition of a universe i by Progman3K · · Score: 2, Informative

    If the universe is expanding, then there might be things that are heading away from us at the speed of light (speed of light = c).

    Since they are receding at 100% of c, you'll never see them; their light cannot ever catch up to us: we are (relative to them) moving away from them at the speed of light and since neither can go faster than c, whatever distance separates us can never be crossed, it is infinite: no matter how long you travel at c, you get no closer.

    This is the same reason we see galaxies receding from us at nearly c; if they were red-shifted any more (receding at c), they would be outside our light cone and invisible in every sense. They would not exist as far as we are concerned.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_expansion_of_s pace#Raisin_bread_model/

    --
    I don't know the meaning of the word 'don't' - J