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Lectures On the Frontiers of Physics Online

modernphysics writes "The Outreach Department at Canada's Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics offers a wide array of online lecture playbacks examining hot topics in modern physics and beyond. Presentations include Neil Turok's 'What Banged?,' John Ellis with 'The Large Hadron Collider,' Nima Arkani-Hamed with 'Fundamental Physics in 2010,' Paul Steinhardt with 'Impossible Crystals,' Edward Witten with 'The Quest for Supersymmetry,' Seth Lloyd with 'Programming the Universe,' Anton Zeilinger with 'From Einstein to Quantum Information,' Raymond Laflamme with 'Harnessing the Quantum World,' and many other talks. The presentations feature a split-screen presentation with the guest speaker in one frame and their full-frame graphics in the other."

77 comments

  1. betting the main catalyst will not be mentioned by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    as though everything happened by 'mistake', & the hyper-'geniuses' of the day are going to straighten it all out. it's a safe bet.

    1. Re:betting the main catalyst will not be mentioned by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you that kook who pops up whenever AIDS is mentioned to tell everyone that it's a myth?

    2. Re:betting the main catalyst will not be mentioned by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

      That's him. I don't think he believes in the Holocaust either.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
  2. How do schools make science dull? by MosesJones · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Last week at JavaOne there was a presentation on the LHC and Mars and simply put they just stunned me at how interesting this stuff was and I leapt back on the net to find out more. The Royal Institute in the UK has the Christmas Lectures which always amazed me as a child.

    But at school? Apart from one teacher science was always a dull subject, it was numbers in a way that made Maths seem exciting and it just never covered where all this science was leading to. Its no wonder that there are a shortage of scientists and engineers out there when the school system turns the most exciting subjects into the dullest ones.

    So sure some of these presentations are beyond the level of kids at school, but isn't it sometimes worth blowing their minds to make them realise why they are doing what they are doing? Science is a stunning thing, can we please stop making it dull.

    --
    An Eye for an Eye will make the whole world blind - Gandhi
    1. Re:How do schools make science dull? by Yvanhoe · · Score: 5, Insightful

      There are maybe a few dozens of wonderful high-level science speakers who can make science interesting, that's them that you see. There are millions of children that need teachers. These two numbers make things difficult.

      What I would like to see, however, is a national TV broadcast of this kind of speeches. That would be a heavily profitable investment on education.

      --
      The Wise adapts himself to the world. The Fool adapts the world to himself. Therefore, all progress depends on the Fool.
    2. Re:How do schools make science dull? by egyptiankarim · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Teaching science is a delicate balance, I suppose. On the one hand, you want to wow kids with the broad concepts and show them how vast and far-reaching the effects of science can be. On the other, you don't want to blind them to the fact that science at any kind of professional level is deeply steeped in complex mathematics.

      The "solution" thus far, is to weed out the kids early on who can't handle the complex mathematics, but I think the "solution" could benefit from a bit of balance.

      --
      Eek!
    3. Re:How do schools make science dull? by egyptiankarim · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I've enjoyed the efforts of universities like MIT putting lectures online via podcast. I'm also a big fan of the idea of educational programming on TV. I mean, this stuff already exists, but it gets generally low hit counts.

      I don't really think that the issue facing the country is a lack of science resources (though, more thoroughly trained teachers are definitely needed), but more a fundamental shortcoming in how people (at least in the states) perceive education, specifically science education. It's seen as a chore and not a privelage, and as a result people far too easily dismiss it as "boring".

      --
      Eek!
    4. Re:How do schools make science dull? by Fallen+Andy · · Score: 1
      .. and it wasn't just the Christmas lectures, but at least in the early 70's the Open University's programs (on before 7.a.m. on BBC2). Not to mention public libraries with decent popular texts (e.g. "Frontiers of Astronomy" (Fred Hoyle). Nothing like learning how stars work from someone who worked on how stars work...

      (plus of course Dr.Who, Star Trek, the Apollo Programme and Sci-Fi friendly public libraries).

      Talking about the UK. Wonder what experiences are in other countries...

      Truth is though, that any kid with an interest in science can easily end up being the dunce of the class out of sheer boredom.

      (I know, I came *last* in my 1st year of secondary edu at physics). Weird really because I got a distinction at S level physics, and went off and did a BSc in chemistry at Bristol . (Never used it though, ended up playing with computers...).

      Oh, and even though Universities *hated* it the Nuffield Science project was pretty neat...

      Andy.

    5. Re:How do schools make science dull? by jandersen · · Score: 4, Interesting

      To paraphrase Death in Terry Pratchett's "Hogfather": "In a universe full of wonders humans have invented boredom". I think most people don't want to have their minds blown - this is why they keep watching never-ending, never-changing soap operas. People just want to fester in their own little stagnant pool of life.

      And that is probably why science teaching is always underfunded and sabotaged.

    6. Re:How do schools make science dull? by Thanshin · · Score: 3, Insightful

      you don't want to blind them to the fact that science at any kind of professional level is deeply steeped in complex mathematics. Then why teach them before they reach the mathematical understanding level needed to grasp the concepts?

      Why not start with pure mathematics until reaching the highest level they may need and only then start with the physics?

      For some reason teaching plans seem to still take into account the possibility of a child leaving the scholar system at any point. That may have been the norm half a century ago, but isn't anymore.

      It might be time to consider the entire cycle as a single block of time where all has to be taught in the most optimal way, instead of gradually advancing every discipline equally.
    7. Re:How do schools make science dull? by Beetle+B. · · Score: 1

      Why not start with pure mathematics until reaching the highest level they may need and only then start with the physics? Because when it comes to physics, that highest level is really, really high.
      --
      Beetle B.
    8. Re:How do schools make science dull? by egyptiankarim · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I don't necessarily think that's the most "optimal" way. My fundamental understanding of calculus only came after I saw it in motion (as it were) through experimentation in physics class. Also, I didn't have my insights into several different (computer science) data types until after I had a firm grounding in linear algebra.

      I think math and science should be side by side because they compliment each other. One helps with the understanding the other.

      Again, I just think it's all about how you balance the load. You have to teach enough math to make the science solid, but you need enough science to keep the math interesting. Moreover, the satisfaction of teaching math through the practical lens of scientific experimentation, is an invaluable tool.

      --
      Eek!
    9. Re:How do schools make science dull? by Thanshin · · Score: 1

      I meant the highest that will be covered in a given schooling block. i.e.: From birth to university.

      Then, already in higher studies, they may distribute the teaching in very much the same way.

    10. Re:How do schools make science dull? by beckerist · · Score: 1

      I suggest reading up on some Richard Feynman or some Paul Davies. They are both WONDERFUL at "dumbing down" science with metaphors and models so just about anyone can read and understand it.

      Richard Feynman

      Paul Davies

      To paraphrase Feynman (as it has been a few years since I read "Surely You're Joking"):
      --"If you cannot teach a subject, ANY subject to elementary students, then you do not understand the subject."

    11. Re:How do schools make science dull? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't stop with just that.

      The popularity of wasteful video games is most probably a direct result of
      the sheer boredom that is science and mathematics education. The young student
      seeks adventure and transcendence, and if he cannot obtain these through
      the educational system then he will devote his attention elsewhere.

      The fallacy of the current science and mathematics curriculum only breeds
      a lifelong disaffection.

    12. Re:How do schools make science dull? by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1

      What I would like to see, however, is a national TV broadcast of this kind of speeches. That would be a heavily profitable investment on education.

      I'd love to see this on TV. But it won't be profitable for the people who put it on. Because there are maybe 500 people besides myself who'd watch it.

      It won't actually help science education, either. The lads and lasses who saw this would be excited, ready to get serious about science, then they'd ask a question of their science (physics/chemistry/whatever) teacher. The teacher would look briefly confused, then answer "we'll cover that next semester, now turn to page 184 of your text...."

      And that'll be the end of that, as far as science education is concerned.

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    13. Re:How do schools make science dull? by SeanDS · · Score: 3, Informative

      Another brilliant site for science-based lectures is ted.com. The lecture on the Large Hadron Collider doesn't go into as much detail as I would have liked as someone studying physics at university but it does serve as a great outline of the theories behind it. There is also another lecture on ted.com on superstring theory, which is also very interesting. Well worth checking out.

    14. Re:How do schools make science dull? by quintessentialk · · Score: 2, Insightful

      But at school? Apart from one teacher science was always a dull subject, it was numbers in a way that made Maths seem exciting and it just never covered where all this science was leading to.

      Speaking as someone who left the academic research track, I can that's because actually doing scientific research is a mathematically intensive, highly detail oriented job. You have to be the sort of person who finds the 30 seconds of enlightenment you feel when you see a graph that confirms your predictions worth the months or years of tedious algebra (if you're a theorist) or number crunching/detailed experiment design work (if your an experimentalist). Or, you have to enjoy math for math's sake, and engineering or engineering's sake, rather than just as means to an end.

      I turn out to be one of those people who find the concepts and ideas of science (at least the brand I tried, physics) fascinating, but I don't like doing lots of math, and neither do I like the detail-oriented specialization required to succeed in academia. It turns out the 'really cool' stuff -- physically overlapping matter, momentum coupling, quantum entanglement, cosmological theory, etc. -- is hidden among piles of algebra, malfunctioning computer code, and broken lasers.

      That said, I fully support trying to 'blow student's minds'. :-) The problem, though, with using things that are too far beyond comprehension for non-specialists (I'd put a lot of quantum mechanics and cosmology in this category) is it can become a bit nebulous and religious. Look at how many quack-quantum-mechanics-cosmology-applied-to-daily-life books their are. We want to inspire the scientific curiosity, not the unfounded philosophizing. One can lead to the other (that's why many people do science) but one must be careful.

    15. Re:How do schools make science dull? by Kemanorel · · Score: 4, Insightful

      For some reason teaching plans seem to still take into account the possibility of a child leaving the scholar system at any point. That may have been the norm half a century ago, but isn't anymore. You haven't spent much time taking a look at the U.S. public school system lately, have you? Dropouts at age 16 with anywhere from a 3rd to 9th grade education are quite common throughout the inner cities, suburban, and rural areas, all for a variety of reasons. You also don't hear about dropout rates like you once used to. My district in a mid-to-upper class section of Orange County, California has a 1% or 2% dropout rate. The other 8% or so decrease in enrollment numbers that occurs in the high school years is reported as, "Moved, no new school known." That must be the trickle-down theory of creative bookkeeping... or something.

      I'm doing my part to keep math as enjoyable as possible, and I know by the modifications that had to be made to the fire alarms in the chemistry teacher's room, as well as the resounding bangs every month or so, that at least one of the science teachers here is trying to inspire.
      --
      Mess not in the affairs of dragons, for you are crunchy and good with ketchup.
    16. Re:How do schools make science dull? by davster · · Score: 1

      Some of Neil Turok's lectures were on TVO last week

    17. Re:How do schools make science dull? by rrohbeck · · Score: 1

      As long as teaching is considered a lowly bad-paying job in the US this isn't going to change.
      I had (in Germany) some wonderful science (and math and CS) teachers. They all had MS or PhD degrees. And not in education. They knew what they were talking about, and they had a passion for it. And they were paid decent salaries.

    18. Re:How do schools make science dull? by TheNatealator · · Score: 1

      I don't think you're taking this question far enough...

      Why not start with pure mathematics until reaching the higest level they may need and only then start with the (programming|economics|accounting|engineering|...)?

      You are partially right, in that we are not moments away from losing vast numbers of students (except in inner-cities, but they don't matter, right?), but we can still lose the interest of students (even if they're forced to still attend). I can name quite a few students from my high school class that were smart enough to really excel, but have lost motivation. One reason I've heard from them is that they had little sense of what use advanced classes would have.

      I do like your final suggestion, if only it would work for the majority of students, or for me. Now that I am studying Engineering Physics at Cornell, I get extremely frustrated at times when something I learn reveals how oversimplified my previous teachers made things. But then I comfort myself the alternative: I would have had to wait years to even hear about the subject! What kept me going during the boring parts of class was to let my imagination run wild, and what better starting point for my imagination than reality as I understood it? If all I knew were numbers, that would be pretty boring.

      Also, in my experience, I have always learned more math from science classes than from pure math classes. Even in subjects covered by both departments, I learned it better and faster from science. Now that I'm done with the required math track, I don't plan on taking any more courses from the math department. Case in point: one day last year, we covered propogating waves in differential equations. Took a whole lecture. Later that day, in E&M, we finished deriving Maxwell's equations, and our professor showed us what happens when you impose free-space conditions.

      "And there you have it! A wave equation falls right out! You've all seen wave equations before, right?" *mostly blank stares*

      She spent 15 minutes going through the basics, with equations, diagrams, and gestures, and everyone was on the same page. Then she resumed her planned lecture.

      Then, last semester in Thermo & Waves (the next physics course in the sequence), our professor felt that there was a better way (pedagogically) to derive Maxwell's equations, by using Gauss's and Stokes' theorems, so he spent the beginning of a lecture doing so.

      Anyways, back on topic, learning is an NP-class problem, so I don't think an iterative approach is all that bad, as it's not likely we will find "the most optimal way" anytime soon. Of course, on average, I will agree that we are quite far from the optimal education system. Just think, it's bad enough to be forced to learn about subjects one has little interest in, but imagine how much worse if only one subject were taught at a time!

    19. Re:How do schools make science dull? by tm2b · · Score: 1

      You haven't spent much time taking a look at the U.S. public school system lately, have you?
      Note that the OP is almost certainly not in the US or talking about the US educational system, since he referred to mathematics as "Maths" (an idiom not used in the US).
      --
      "It is our blasphemy which has made us great, and will sustain us, and which the gods secretly admire in us." - Zelazny
  3. Two comments and already the site is crawling. by morgan_greywolf · · Score: 1

    Web server meltdown in 3....2.....1.....

    1. Re:Two comments and already the site is crawling. by m5brane · · Score: 2, Funny

      Web server meltdown in 3....2.....1..... It's working fine here. Then again, I'm sitting in an office at the Perimeter Institute, so that may explain some of it.
    2. Re:Two comments and already the site is crawling. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      GET BACK TO WORK!
      -sitting in an office at WLU

  4. What are they teaching these kids? by east+coast · · Score: 1

    From the blurb: John Ellis with 'The Large Hadron Collider,'

    That sounds dirty.

    --
    Dedicated Cthulhu Cultist since 4523 BC.
  5. monti pyton ik den olii grailen by Speare · · Score: 5, Funny

    Presentations include Neil Turok's 'What Banged?,' John Ellis with 'The Large Hadron Collider,' ... Raymond Laflamme with 'Harnessing the Quantum World,' and many other talks.

    For some reason, after those titles, the phrase, 'Many Norweigian films including "The Hot Hands of an Oslo Dentist", "Fillings of Passion", and "The Huge Molars of Horst Nordfink"' floated through my head.

    --
    [ .sig file not found ]
  6. Apparently the frontiers of physics don't include by kiick · · Score: 1, Informative

    ...advanced networking technology. Site appears to be slashdotted.

  7. Re:Pyschology and Physics... by RichardDeVries · · Score: 1

    In physics, at least it's possible from time to time to definitively disprove something.

    --
    Error 001
    Security Scan and Virus Detection do not work with your operating system.
  8. Re:Pyschology and Physics... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Its possible to disprove things in psychology too. (For example, the cognitive effects of L-dopa on parkinsons patients, or the overall average decline in IQ as a result from childhood trauma, etc...)

    In fact, you can disprove anything so long as you're not required to back it up with information (as per YOUR POST).

    Go... I say ... get an education outside of the USA where they actually teach you something other than blind pride in your country and in your opinions ...

  9. Neil Turok by notjim · · Score: 3, Informative

    Is also the next director of the Perimeter Institute and has just won the TED prize, partly for his work on physics and partly for his development work, he is behind the African Institute of Mathematical Science and wants to make sure that the next Einstein is from Africa: http://youtube.com/watch?v=UNbP7O6jasw

    1. Re:Neil Turok by torqer · · Score: 2, Funny

      Doesn't he also hunt dinosaurs?

  10. Re:Pyschology and Physics... by Lord_Frederick · · Score: 1

    Isn't your example Psychiatry and not Psychology?

  11. Re:Pyschology and Physics... by Tenebrousedge · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Both are unable to prove anything I can see why you would say this, but I am stunned by the colossal gulf of ignorance it would have taken to be able to write this. Why don't you watch some of these lectures and get to know a bit about the subject?

    I, for one, welcome our new--uh, wait, wrong line.

    I, for one, haven't noticed a whole lot of disdain for psychology around here, except perhaps where it is justly deserved--e.g. when the methodology is suspect or the conclusions don't follow. Perhaps those sort of mistakes don't happen as often in the physics realm. Perhaps it's easier to get into the field of psychology, or easier for a non-expert to find flaws with the experiments. Perhaps it's because whenever we read a bad summary of a physics paper, we can go to arXiv and get the real story.

    In short, I much doubt that there's many on here who would claim that one field of scientific investigation that is more valid than another--if the science was done right, we must accept the results.
    --
    Those who advocate genocide deserve every protection afforded by law, and none afforded by common human decency.
  12. physical physics by draxredd · · Score: 0, Troll

    What banged ?

    your mom, with the large hardron collider.

    --
    --- Back to the trees, back to the trees !
  13. downtime by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wicked, Slashdot KO's Joomla based lecture site

  14. Exciting, but by jandersen · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Exciting as these subjects are, what I'd really like to see is someone tackling these:

    1. What are particles? - Particles are simply assumed a priori. Nobody has ever managed to explain what a particle is.
    2. What is time - why is it different from space?
    3. Mass is 'curvature of space', so to speak. So what is electric charge?

    1. Re:Exciting, but by MosesJones · · Score: 3, Funny

      1. Little bits, I mean really little, like even smaller than the republican vote in Greenwich Village
      2. Time is just another dimension, space is a different set of dimensions. Like you and your girlfriend/wife/partner/online bot perspectives on what constitutes romantic
      3. Electric charge is those new Visa swipe pay things, its all done by electricity to charge you

      Glad I could help. My other works include explaining relativity using your relatives and energy v entropy using only the medium of mime.

      --
      An Eye for an Eye will make the whole world blind - Gandhi
    2. Re:Exciting, but by Thanshin · · Score: 2, Funny

      Exciting as these subjects are, what I'd really like to see is someone tackling these:

      1. What are particles? - Particles are simply assumed a priori. Nobody has ever managed to explain what a particle is.
      2. What is time - why is it different from space?
      3. Mass is 'curvature of space', so to speak. So what is electric charge? 1 - Particle is a jam band formed in Los Angeles in 2000. The original members were Dave Simmons (guitar), Steve Molitz (keyboard), Eric Gould (bass), and Darren Pujalet (drums). Simmons died shortly after the formation of the band due to a sudden illness.

      2 - Time is a rock 'n' roll / classic rock band based in Windsor, Ontario, consisting of four members; Tony Slater on lead guitar and vocals, Nikki London on rhythm guitar and vocals, Bon Clayton on bass guitar and vocals, Scary Carey on drums and vocals. They were quite different from Space, an indie rock band from Liverpool, England, who came to prominence in the mid-1990s with hit singles such as "Female of the Species", "Neighbourhood" and "Avenging Angels".

      3 - Electric is an album by Paul Rodgers of Bad Company fame and Charge is the fifth album by The Aquabats. The album marks the band's debut on Nitro Records, and was followed by their first national tour in several years. The album is very similar in sound to the previous year's EP Yo, Check Out This Ride!.
    3. Re:Exciting, but by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny

      Sounds like someone's been using the beta of Powerset

    4. Re:Exciting, but by mshannon78660 · · Score: 1

      See String Theory for one attempt to explain what a particle is, and what time is and its relation to the other dimensions of space. See Quantum Electrodynamics for an explanation of electric charge

    5. Re:Exciting, but by ceoyoyo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Lots of people are trying to tackle those subjects. Try "The Fabric of the Cosmos" by Brian Greene for an introduction.

      String theory suggests that particles might actually be vibrating filaments of energy (strings). Other hypotheses is that fundamental particles might actually be tiny little black holes, or something similar.

      There are lots of attempts to explain time and space, the differences, and why time seems to only run in one direction.

      In string theory and other higher dimensional theories gravity is a warping of the spatial dimensions in one way while the electric force is a warping of the spatial dimensions in a different way. Note, you need more than three spatial dimensions to make a working geometrical theory of the electric force (can't remember how many, it might be as little as four or five).

      Of course, you can also explain both gravity and electromagnetism as the exchange of messenger particles.

    6. Re:Exciting, but by Creepy+Crawler · · Score: 1

      Decent questions.. I have better.

      1. What exactly are black holes? They only have 3 unique traits: mass, angular momentum, and charge. Thos e3 triats seem very similar to how we distinguish particles. Are black holes macro-particles?

      2. Is time quantized? Energy appears in quanta, as does other particles of shapes and sizes. Is time the same?

      3. What is the carrier of the magnetic force? What is the carrier of the gravity force?

      --
    7. Re:Exciting, but by blueg3 · · Score: 1

      Don't confuse "nobody has managed to explain what a particle is" with "nobody has explained *to me* what a particle is". Particles are neither poorly-defined nor assumed a priori.

      Likewise, I guess the trivial response to "what I'd really like to see is..." is "start looking". Such subjects are already of significant interest to theoretical physicists.

    8. Re:Exciting, but by icegreentea · · Score: 1

      1. I don't know.

      2. Yes. Planck time is considered the single smallest unit of time. To ask what happens <Planck Time after or

      3. The proposed carrier for gravity is the graviton. We haven't found evidence for it (other than gravity itself). The carrier particle for magnetic force is the photon (the photon is the carrier for electromagnetic force). The carrier force for strong and weak nuclear force is the gluon and W/Z bosons respectively. I believe we have experimentally found the other three carrier particles.

    9. Re:Exciting, but by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1. In Particle physics? Representations of the Poincare group. (or did you think the answer would be easily expressed in lay mans terms? Ok: the irreducible (in a precise mathematical sense) building blocks that have a well defined relation to the ordinary geometry of space and time.)
      2. that's for the philosophers - it isn't really.
      3. mass is not "curvature in space" but it is a source of it. Charge can be seen as a source of curvature in much the same way, because the electromagnetic field strength can be seen as an analogy of curvature in an internal space.

    10. Re:Exciting, but by jandersen · · Score: 1

      I suppose what I am really after is something that reduces everything to geometry - this is what makes Einstein's theoy so elegant, the way it allows us to interpret mass as something equivalent to a property of space. Intuitively, at least, it seems that this is the right place to start - Einstein attempted to define what a particle is, but it is of course difficult to explain how a particle would be able to persist.

    11. Re:Exciting, but by jandersen · · Score: 1

      1. I guess what one considers an explanation depends on what you think of as the 'fundamental truth'; in my view black holes are nothing strange - they are simply regions of space with extreme geometry. Of course we have to decide what to do about the singularity, whether it exists or not and how to interpret it. I have no problem with calling them particles either - anything can be considered a particle if the scale is sufficiently big. My problem is: what is a particle? Is it simply a region of space with special geometry, or is it something that can't be defined intrinsically to space? A black hole can to some extent be defined intrinsically - it's a place where space 'takes a sharp bend' - is the same true for all particles if we define our model of space correctly?

      2. I have never really been convinced that quantum mechanics is the most fundamental theory; I think it is possible to derive QM from a geometric model of physics similar to Einstein's theory. To be more specific, I think certain aspects of QM are likely to be artifacts of the way we observe. Maybe I am just too suspicious, but there seems to have been too many intuitive jumps to conclusions in the development of QM that haven't been properly explained afterwards. Like this thing with Heisenberg's uncertainty: is this really a fundamental property, or is it just because we observe by slamming particles together? And the quantization of energy - all we can observe is that the energy associated with a given system seems to be emitted and absorbed in discrete packets - what QM says is more or less "that's just the way it is", and I would like to understand it in more detail. And there is no reason per se to assume that an energy packet can't have any particular size within the whole continuum of real numbers, at least as far as I can see.

      3. Magnetism is a consequence of the invariance of the velocity of light; there is a gravito-magnetism associated with gravity too. The idea that field forces are caused by exchange of particles came about like this, I think: If you have to eletric charges (or two masses) that are stationary relative to each other, they will be surrounded by a certain, static forcefield. If you change the relative position, the forcefield will change, and the change will propagete with the speed of light - for electric particles this takes the form of an electromagnetic wave. We have just discovered that eletromagnetic waves occur as photons, so here we have it: the electric force is carried by photons. Not a bad way to reason either, but the big unanswered question here is: why don't photons disperse? They are after all just small lumps of radiowave and we know from macroscopic experiments that waves don't tend to stay together, they spread over an ever larger area.

      Perhaps the explanation of why the photon stays together is also the explanation of what a particle with mass is?

    12. Re:Exciting, but by jandersen · · Score: 1

      1. No, not in particle physics. Particle physics starts off from the assumption that "there are particles" (basically small, hard lumps of matter, no explanations needed), and by Jove, they fit into a Poincare group when we look at it in this particular way. What I'm after is this: You have space - a manifold, possibly smooth, possibly mapped by real vectorspaces, but possibly not, so assume general modules. In this space provide an intrinsic definition of 'a particle' - ie, a definition based on nothing but the properties of space.

      2. I don't agree - in Einstein's theory time is the odd one out, the one that is treated differently in the 4-metric (if that is the right word, it's been a long time now). Intuitively time has to do with 'logic': cause comes before effect, and logic can, if I recall correctly, be generalised as elemtary topoi; perhaps this is an area to look into, when it comes to time.

      3. I used the word "is" in a vague sense - meaning "equivalent to". We have never actually observed mass (or anything else) directly, we infer its existence from the effects it has. The fundamental effect, to my intuition, is gravity - the Newtonian definition of mass as 'force divided my mass' involves to many complicated interactions. So, according to this view mass is gravity is curvature of space, loosely speaking; and as you say, the same goes for electric charge - the problem being, of course how to unite gravity space with electric space.

    13. Re:Exciting, but by UncleBen405 · · Score: 1

      A Unique Outline of The Origin of the Universe and Gravity, how Gravity, Galaxies, Solar System's, Light, Time and Dimensions work.

      The information contained in the following outline is imagined and estimated. Exact dimensions, quantities, volumes and speeds will have to be determined.

      The pre-universe consists of exactly nothing and with no heat source the temperature is absolute zero. When you achieve absolute zero temperatures, you have also created a force, this force is known as gravity/antigravity. I will refer to this force in the future as a "GAG" force. A GAG force consists of perfectly balanced, gravity and antigravity forces, they do not destroy each other, they just negate each other's powers. We are all familiar with gravity. Gravity is a constant force, but antigravity is a variable force that causes rotation. This rotation is better known as centrifugal force. The larger a body is and the faster a body rotates, the more antigravity force is used, thereby making gravity appear stronger. So in actuality, the pre-universe consists of absolute zero temperatures and zero gravity, nothing else, there is no matter to affect the stability of the gravity/antigravity force. The shape of a GAG force has been determined to be spherical, because everything in the known Universe that rotates is spherical. The size of one GAG force has yet to be determined. Like a magnet, a GAG force has polar opposites, but instead of positive and negative, they are gravity and antigravity. The pre-universe is filled with GAG forces in perfect balance with like forces repelling each other. GAG forces are the mother of magnetism. Just like the magnetic field of the Earth, a GAG force in the pre-universe reversed its polarity. The pre-universe is not a perfect place, if the pre-universe were a perfect place, nothing would have changed in the pre-universe, and there would be no Universe. An imperfection that led to the creation of the Universe eventually sparked the creation of life and evolution. When this GAG force flipped, polar opposites began attaching the GAG forces to each other, creating a chain reaction through the pre-universe. When the chain reaction stopped, the dimensions of our Universe in the pre-universe were set. The shape of the Universe is either round, spiral or irregular, just like Galaxies. For an undetermined amount of time, the attached GAG forces existed in perfect harmony. Eventually, one or more of the attached GAG forces reversed polarity, repelling the GAG forces that they were originally attached to. This created a chain reaction, smashing similar forces together, creating a massive static electrogravitational charge of pure energy, a giant lightning bolt, the origin of static electricity, creating matter, at the contact points. I call this, "The Mega EG-Charge". These pockets of matter became Galaxies. The matter that was created by the Mega EG-Charge, was not just gaseous, it was also all the heavy elements, iron, heavy fissionable material, etc.. The iron, alpha iron in particular, picked up a residual magnetic charge from the GAG force megacharge. Of all the heavy elements, iron seems to be the most abundant, but heavy fissionable elements, like natural uranium, had to make up a significant portion of our early Universe, without heavy fissionable matter, Stars would not work. Gravity and magnetism, plus the GAG forces surrounding our Universe, in the pre-universe, account for all the missing forces needed to hold the Universe together. I call this "The GAG Theory of the Origin of the Universe", or simply, "Ben's Law."
      Now that we know how the Universe and Galaxies formed, lets explore the evolution of Galaxies. After the initial formation of the Galaxies, matter begins returning to energy through nuclear fission. In the pre-universe, we went from energy to matter, and since the creation, we are going from matter to energy. In the beginning of the Universe, we started with all the elements, and through

    14. Re:Exciting, but by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      That's one of the attractive things about string theory. Everything really does reduce to geometry. The number, type and properties of particles are supposed to be consequences of the geometry of the spatial dimensions. Unfortunately that geometry is so complicated that it's very difficult to actually make predictions.

    15. Re:Exciting, but by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1. Particle physics happens in flat space. Hard lumps they aint, this is QM after all. They are states in the irreps of the poincare group, the symmetry group of flat space. Spin and mass are merely the Casimirs of the representation in question.

      In curved spacetime the notion of particle becomes ambiguous and is no longer fundamental.

      2. Topoi are cool but lets keep with the physics we know for now. In Einsteins theory time isn't very odd at all. The metric has signature -+++ but the minus sign does not refer to any particular time variable. You are free to move things around as you want and all entities remain geometric throughout.

      3. "We have never actually observed mass (or anything else) directly, we infer its existence from the effects it has." As opposed to? You have never observed a table directly you just infer its existence...
      Furthermore mass is not equal to curvature, that is simply wrong. curvature can exist without mass and even if mass would not affect curvature we would still have a perfectly valid notion of mass in the sense of inertial mass.

      Seriously, there are many fascinating answers to your questions out there go and study them!

    16. Re:Exciting, but by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      [quote]Let's recap, and condense this information further. The pre-universe starts out with absolute zero temperatures in zero gravity. GAG forces flipped, attaching opposite forces, then flipped again, repelling like forces, creating a chain reaction turning energy into matter. Galaxies form, and die, and reform. Eventually, most of the matter in the Universe will be reconverted to energy, through nuclear fission, and the Universe will die. How's that for explaining the Universe in just the few sentences? But, they do speak volumes![/quote]

      Hey, if you want to believe that thats your own fault. I choose to believe science, which is something that can be tested observed and most importantly reproduced. Now sure, you can kid yourself that all of that mumbojumbo applies as science because sometime in the distant future there "will" be methods we can use to "prove" it beyond the shadow of a doubt, as for now I will stick to believing what we can prove, which believe it or not isn't much.

      Anyone that says that there was absolutely nothing, and from this state of nothingness all the nothing compressed into a tiny dot and exploded to create everything is not only incredibly unscientific by definition, its also pretty maniac imo.

      According to conservation of angular momentum, shouldn't everything be spinning the same direction? Why do we have entire satellites and planets that spin backwards and / or orbit backwards? Why do we have entire galaxies that spin backwards?

      These are not actual questions for you to answer, I won't be coming back to this thread, and I would have actually logged in but it's been soooooo long since I logged in because with posts like this one, I get modded so far negative that my karma only allows me to post 1 time per day -- and why? Simply for questioning someone that cannot possibly know what they are saying is true and for pointing out that they are abusing the word science by calling this type of fairy tale such.

      If you want to see an alternate religion that opposes yours, go read the book Earths Final Hours. I won't call it science, because it isn't- in exactly the same way that huge post of yours isn't.

  15. Ted.org by lymond01 · · Score: 1, Redundant

    TED: Ideas worth spreading is a great site for short lectures on a huge range of topics, from music to physics to economics to technology.

  16. Teaching isn't easy by Mr.+Underbridge · · Score: 4, Interesting

    But at school? Apart from one teacher science was always a dull subject, it was numbers in a way that made Maths seem exciting and it just never covered where all this science was leading to. Its no wonder that there are a shortage of scientists and engineers out there when the school system turns the most exciting subjects into the dullest ones.

    Well, the problem is that doing science requires understanding the basics. There are many different levels of stuff you have to understand before you can understand how they do the really cool things. That said, a good teacher can devise interesting problems that take the requisite skills to solve. This takes an inordinate amount of effort and creativity on the part of the teacher, and there lies the problem.

    I'm a scientist, and I really enjoyed my time as a TA in grad school. I tried hard to come up with good ways of explaining very difficult material that the freshmen could pick up. I tried to keep the class interesting, or at least did my best.

    So sure some of these presentations are beyond the level of kids at school, but isn't it sometimes worth blowing their minds to make them realise why they are doing what they are doing? Science is a stunning thing, can we please stop making it dull.

    Absolutely, sometimes you do have to do the "holy SHIT!" demo. The prof that taught the freshman class I TA'd would always take the kids out and do the "toss the alkali metals in the lake and watch them go BOOM!" demonstration. Kids love watching stuff blow up. You want to tailor it to things they actually can understand, though. Better yet is to come up with a really fun project where they can take what they're learning to build something cool.

    I kind of miss teaching. My mother was a teacher, and made history a fantastically fun, participatory subject. She took the kids out to do local archaeology. She had them act out fun stuff from history books to make it more than people and dates. One time a group of her students staged a "coup" - and of course she gently showed them what happens when you stage a coup against a strong dictator. ;) As a result, every time I'm in town visiting and we're out in town, invariably a former student of hers from decades past will come up and give her a huge hug. Good teachers mean a lot to kids. I never had a teacher that good (we agreed it was best for me not to take her classes), but then I guess I had a great mom instead.

    I would love to be able to bring that kind of excitement to science classes. I wish it was in any way financially viable, but I couldn't pay our mortgage.

    1. Re:Teaching isn't easy by EMeta · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That said, a good teacher can devise interesting problems that take the requisite skills to solve. This takes an inordinate amount of effort and creativity on the part of the teacher, and there lies the problem.

      Here you've skimmed over one of the major errors in our education system. Pretty much, each teacher tries to reinvent the wheel to create interesting problems and ways to illustrate the information. We get a lot of great teachers, but there's no system for them to pass on their better ideas to others. So they retire, and some kid who's watched maybe a semester's worth of one other teacher teach takes over. It's like if Linux users all coded their own kernels.

      I've read that some other countries do a better job of this, but I don't recall where or how. Anyone know? I think some major investment here could make a huge difference.
    2. Re:Teaching isn't easy by transfixed · · Score: 1

      In my naive mind, I always figured many problems with education in the US could be solved if they simply raised the average salary of teachers everywhere so more highly skilled people could consider teaching as a career.

      The money is definitely there for such a thing. It's the misguided priorities that's the problem. You all should have seen how well taken care of our high school football team was in our poor, mostly working-class district...

      --
      lost. away. phased out. non-existing.
    3. Re:Teaching isn't easy by john83 · · Score: 1

      That's the most interesting comment I've read on slashdot in a week. Would you be so good as to submit it as an Ask Slashdot? I'd like to read that.

      --
      Strange women lying in ponds distributing swords is no basis for a system of government.
    4. Re:Teaching isn't easy by VShael · · Score: 1

      The Christian Brothers, (a Roman Catholic educational sect), has such a system I believe, for the Christian Brothers who are teachers.

    5. Re:Teaching isn't easy by Rich0 · · Score: 1

      Interesting - this seems to be something that is true of teaching in almost any setting.

      I was sitting in church thinking about how just about any sermon topic geared for mass-consumption has probably been explained far better at least 100 times in the last 10 centuries (I mean, how many different sermons can you dig out of a book that is 2000+ years old on average?). And yet, congregations expect their pastors to come up with original teaching - as if that is more divinely inspired than playing a video of somebody more qualified to talk on the same subject. Perhaps the time of the local pastor would be better spent actually working with the needs of the congregation rather than outlining sermons.

      In the same way - why not have the NSF create a series of REALLY good videos with a well-coordinated curriculum and make them free to local schools. Class would consist of watching the video in combination with Q&A with a local teacher. Everything could be standardized - and the overall process could steadily improve at a fraction of the cost of the current system. At the lower grades you could probably have one strong science teacher for a whole school district - they wouldn't need to teach the whole class and creative use of scheduling could allow 30 minutes to watch a video and 15 minutes of discussion with the teacher moving from room to room as video segments end. Perhaps on certain days some classes would get more interactive teaching that is completely moderated - in more of a collegiate style of teaching.

      And there is no reason the same model couldn't be applied in a number of subjects.

    6. Re:Teaching isn't easy by Bromskloss · · Score: 1

      She had them act out fun stuff from history books

      To provide a different point of view, let me tell you that I would have hated it if my teachers had made me act things out. I'd rather have dull lectures, being told what to read, write the exam and be over with it than have to do such really awkward things, I would have thought.

      --
      Swedish plasma phys. PhD student; MSc EE; knows maths, programming, electronics; finance interest; seeks opportunities
  17. Oxymoron by trongey · · Score: 1

    "Hot" and "Topics in modern physics" don't work in the same sentence for most people.
    I realize that some of you will have a hard time with this concept. See previous discussions regarding Slashdotters and girlfriends.

    --
    You never really know how close to the edge you can go until you fall off.
    1. Re:Oxymoron by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Girls seem to have an aversion to not showering and other antisocial behaviour. They rather like guys who are intelligent but otherwise normal.

  18. MIT prof has some great lectures online by marclar · · Score: 3, Informative

    Prof Walter Lewin at MIT has some entertaining lectures online as well at http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Physics/8-01Physics-IFall1999/CourseHome/index.htm. Great image of consercation of mechanical energy on the opening page.

  19. Re: All I get is MySQL errors by turkeyfish · · Score: 1

    Too bad. I'm always eager to learn more about what those in physics think is important, even though I can not always understand it.

  20. how to download and play in linux by wes33 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    anyone know how to do what the subject says? my firefox says there is no plugin for the weird plugin perimeter is using, but I'd rather download the videos anyway. But how?

    1. Re:how to download and play in linux by GRW · · Score: 2, Informative

      Try the MediaPlayerConnectivity Firefox addon.

  21. Re:Pyschology and Physics... by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

    One of the problems with psychology is that there's psychology the (somewhat young, quite difficult) science, and psychology the art. When someone says they have a degree in psychology you don't always know whether it's a BSc or a BA.

  22. Maxwell Trumps General Relativity by sweetser · · Score: 3

    General Relativity rocks. It is elegant in its minimialism. All efforts to add a little extra have failed, usually by allowing a dipole gravity wave mode of emission which has been ruled out by binary pulsar data.

    The only field theory that is manifestly better than GR is the Maxwell field equations. Every time we have added to it in the name of symmetry, the theory has done more. James did it himself by tacking on the Ampere current. Einstein looked to get rid of a duplicate law, and so special relativity was born. With the huge supply of new particles coming out of atom smashers, the gauge symmetry in EM (U(1)) was expanded to SU(2) for the weak force, and SU(3) for the strong.

    None of those smart cats listed in the initial post will be talking about the Maxwell equations. Too bad, the history of physics is clear: expand Maxwell, you win.

    Max depends on the field strength tensor d_u A_v - d_v A_u. There is a subtraction in there, a great thing (called an exterior derivative). But in the name of symmetry, we need to work with the rest of it, d_u A_v + d_v A_u. Do that right, and you get a unified field theory that Einstein failed to find by looking for workable extensions of GR. Extend Max, not GR.

    If anyone here wants to see the nuts and bolts of deriving the Maxwell equations using the Euler-Lagrange equations, search for "GEM action" on YouTube. A small variation - two minus signs - on the Maxwell equations leads to equations for gravity. Yes, I show that there is a metric solution (the Rosen metric if you are up on your GR jargon, a bunch of exponentials if not). Yes I know there is an issue of spin 1 and spin 2 which can be addressed if you get what the phase of current coupling really is.

    YouTube can survive being slashdotted.

    --
    Working on new views of old physics at http://VisualPhysics.org
  23. Boredom is a whole different dimension by microbox · · Score: 1

    I appreciate Terry Pratchett's comment, however, I think it's substantially wrong. Boredom isn't invented by humans, but we do create it through a natural function of our minds.

    Do you ever get bored at all? It is possible to completely do away with boredom, but one must accept the extra-ordinarily mundane aspects of life. It's interesting that the problem of boredom comes from the need to entertain oneself. So - washing dishes can be boring because you want to do something else more entertaining. Noticing the mind shoot away from the super-mundane, and then giving into the situation at hand is how boredom can be dealt a final death blow (over time).

    The wonders of the universe, and the intellectual curiosity to discover what makes things go - in and of themselves will not do away with boredom. I think the reason people don't want their mind "blown" has much more to do with a sort of intellectual laziness and an attitude that it's unimportant. Furthermore, many find ideas agitating(!), and find left-brain workouts quite uncomfortable. Being comfortable with processing ideas is a hallmark of computer programmers (nerds). This doesn't mean slashdotters are necessarily more intelligent - there is more to intelligence than ideas.

    I believe that science is sabotaged by willful ignorance, business/religious agendas, and a plain old "taking it for granted", that other people can take care of it.

    Boredom is a whole different dimension, and quite pervasive.

    --

    Like all pain, suffering is a signal that something isn't right
  24. presentation tools? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Anyone have ideas on what AV tools they used to split the screen and record the presenter with the presentations?

  25. Re:Pyschology and Physics... by TheNatealator · · Score: 1

    if the science was done right, we must accept the results. Minor correction: Whether or not the science was done right, we must do everything we can to question/disprove those results and the model they support. If the model still stands after a certain amount of time/scrutiny, then we start calling it a theory. Of course, as parent's parent said, not even theories can be proven (including the hypothesis posited by this statement (recurse ad nauseum)).
  26. They should have put the lectures on YouTube by elFisico · · Score: 1

    What I would like to see, however, is a national TV broadcast of this kind of speeches. That would be a heavily profitable investment on education. Yes, that would be good. Also, they are only providing a windows media version or PDF. Instead they should upload the videos to youtube for maximal coverage...