Slashdot Mirror
Scientists Build Neonatal Incubator From Car Parts
Peace Corps Online writes "The NYTimes ran a story this week about a group of scientists who have built a neonatal incubator out of automobile parts, including a pair of headlights as a heat source, a car door alarm to signal emergencies, and an auto air filter and fan to provide climate control. The creators of the car-parts incubator say that an incubator found in any neonatal intensive care unit in the US could cost around $40,000, but the incubator they have developed can be built for less than $1,000. One expert says as many as 1.8 million infants might be spared every year if they could spend just a week in the units, which help babies who are born early or at low birth weights regulate their body temperature until their organs fully develop. Experts say in developing countries where infant mortality is most common, high-tech machines donated by richer nations often conk out when the electricity fizzles or is restricted to conserve power. 'The future medical technologists in the developing world,' says Robert Malkin, director of Engineering World Health, 'are the current car mechanics, HVAC repairmen, bicycle shop repairmen. There is no other good source of technology-savvy individuals to take up the future of medical device repair and maintenance.'"
A use for all those cars we Americans won't buy now! We can bail out Detroit and save babies at the same time.
It's a reminder of what can be done with old-fashioned, low-tech stuff, and that breakthroughs can remain a down-and-dirty job and you don't need millions of dollars in funding to get one.
I work at Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics in the ICN and I can tell you from first hand every day experience that creating affordable incubators that can be brought into lesser hospitals would dramatically help what is an increasingly high premature birth rate here in the Midwest.
Um, the problem isn't a lack of repairmen Mr Malkin - it's a lack of electricity. A problem which this incubator doesn't fix. (No, the motorcycle battery isn't a fix. It's a backup. With no electricity, this incubator dies just as dead as a high tech one.)
Thats sarcasm right?... cause, you know with stuff like...
Police have seized more than 25,000 cars in Greater Manchester since new powers to tackle rogue drivers were introduced last year.
More than 10,000 have been crushed.
And thats in "Greater" Manchester alone, which is about 3 million people or so... and that doesnt include just normally scrapped vehicles, or accidents.
Calculate that for various other locations in the world.
Ever been to a junk yard? I have many times. In fact, you can even do it online.
http://www.pickyourpart.com/
Life is not for the lazy.
A slashdot story that cries out for a car analogy.
My daughter was born 7 weeks premature and spent 2 weeks in an incubator. As a side effect of spending so much time with her in the neonatal unit, I got to know what every switch and readout on her machine did. It was a very impressive piece of equipment designed to do one thing very well - keep a helpless human alive.
I would hazard a guess as to say that the insides of the machine are built with all sorts of hardware redundancy checks inside to ensure that its critical mission is carried out no matter what (I'm pretty sure it even had a UPS); which probably contributes somewhat to the high cost. That and the liability aspect inherent with any machine that keeps humans alive (from auto-respirators to space-suits).
I am fortunate enough to live in a country with a high standard of health care, and my daughter's stay in her expensive machine saved her life; however if a lower cost alternative that does the core functions of the expensive machines can be built for countries that are not as well off as we are, I am all for that. Expensive machines are also expensive to maintain, and if the TCO can be lowered to the point that poorer countries can operate them comfortably, that's got to be a benefit. It just goes to show that ingenuity knows no bounds.
"And then I visited Wikipedia
This gives me hope.
Some day, someone will find a way of creating a computer from wood and stone. And then I won't feel inferior to car mechanics because of my uselesness in a post-apocalyptic scenario.
(Yes, I know a car is more useful than a computer in the first months, but years of gaming must have prepared me for fending the radioactive zombies till a new order is established.)
... and probably forty grand for costs of FDA compliance.
-jcr
The only title of honor that a tyrant can grant is "Enemy of the State."
After being laid off from the high-tech industry a few years back, I ended up working as a maintenance man at a large retirement facility. Our facility includes independent living, assisted living, and full-time managed care.
Since we're a not-for profit facility, there's a lot of incentive to do things in a cost effective manner, but at the same time, safety and well being of our residents is paramount. I've found myself having to repair all manner of medical equipment with little or no help from the manufacturer or seller. Things as simple as wheelchairs and walkers, to moderately complex like lift chairs and adjustable beds, to stuff like oxygen generators and emergency nurse-call equipment.
My employer would never be able to afford vendor reps to fix all this stuff, and so its left to myself and the rest of our small department. I'm the only one with a college education, and the only one from a high-tech background. The other guys have backgrounds in things like HVAC and carpentry. Simply put, the cost of health care equipment has far outstripped the ability for many facilities to support it and still provide affordable care. I was used to working with engineers, programmers, and big budgets until recently. The future of health care is not more tech, but taking the tech we have and making it cheaper and easier to maintain.
I didn't RTFA, but what a lot of commenters seem to be missing is the concept of economy of scale. The great idea here seems to be that using "off the shelf", mass-produced car parts to create an incubator with equal functionality to that of a standard incubator saves a great deal of money. Plus, the car parts have been better tested and are apparently more reliable. So this is kind of like building a software system by combining lots of preexisting, well-tested components rather than custom designing everything in-house.
I can't see it happening.
The medical industry is all about litigation. If you invent something that saves peoples lives, then of the 100 people it saves, there might be someone who dies anyway, because of device failure and you can be sure that some lawyer's already prefilled out the lawsuit against you and is just waiting for an opportunity.
A friend of mine invented a very simply device that measured skin resistance and could be placed over someone's torso (like a blanket) to look for internal bleeding. This isn't just some inventor guy, he works as an engineer in one of Australia's top universities.
As soon as the university lawyers found out it had a medical application, they killed the project.
There's no doubt it would have saved lives, but the sad truth is that the university involved would actually rather see those people die than risk the litigation of being sued if anyone tried to prove that someone actually died of the device if it was somehow misused by a paramedic at the scene of an accident.
And I don't think it's likely to change. There's too much money invested in keeping medicine esoteric and away from everyone else too allow too many companies in to dilute the spend of sick people.
Maybe it's a rant, but it's a sad truth that I beleive. Doctors are pretty much the only people who seem to get away with doing this kind of research but even then I've read of far too many doctors who are persecuted because they came up with some kind of new treatment/device.
I'm guessing that car-parts-incubators is just radical enough to get anyone who tries to market it into trouble. Even if it saved a million livess, it would bring a thousand lawsuits and while I'm sure if some parents saw an infant die because of a lack of incubators, they would say these are needed, but if an infant dies while it's in an incubator, they'll look for someone to blame. Not that commercial units are any more reliable. But what judge is going to beleive that a $1000 unit was just as good as a $40,000 unit?
Please excuse my cynicism. It's just that I've observed this more than a few times.
GrpA.
Enjoy science fiction? "Turing Evolved" - AI, Mecha, Androids and rail-gun battles. What more could you want?
Thats because the stringent testing that is required for medical devices. If we're talking about devices that doesn't play any pivotal role in medical treatment, it often doesn't require the verification and stringent testing and would cost significantly less(alot of the cost for devices are on clinical tests). Imagine if you use a off the shelf monitor for a multi-million dollar imaging machine, and it failed to display a small cancerous anomaly correctly ...
This article doesn't really say anything about the current state of medical devices, it just simply costs alot to build and verify they work in an acceptable manner for medical purposes. I don't think the machines talked about in these article will ever be adopted in the west. I doubt the reliability of these components will be up to scratch compare to the regular prenatal care machines BUT for third world countries where the medicial facilities are so poor, its probably worthy to think about adopting these machines as a temporary stop gap and thats probably the point of this exercise.
Thats because the stringent testing that is required for medical devices.
That's what the FDA would like you to believe, but in my experience, that's bullshit. The costs go into the insane amount of red tape and hoop-jumping that it takes for FDA to grudgingly acknowledge that you've done your homework and the product performs as advertised.
-jcr
The only title of honor that a tyrant can grant is "Enemy of the State."
White trash have been incubating their kids and dogs in sealed cars in parking lots around the world for years.
I record my sleeptalking
I've had experience with regulations and biomed industries, not just the FDA, but european etc etc. Theres a reason why companies have to do all these regulation and testing for medical devices, the more intrusive or critical the device it is, the more testing and verification is needed. (Not that it ever catches every single bug or design flaw) but a safety mechanism is needed (for recall, tracking manufacturing, design etc etc) and to show that the these company have at least taken common problems into considerations. I have no doubt there is probably some red tapes in all the regulation agency, but there is a reason why critical medical devices cost so much. This isn't some FDA or CE conspiracy to jack up the price (at least most of it).
I dont see what that has to do with it, do a search for "american junkyard" or "african scrapyard", etc, etc.
There are millions of cars just sitting around all over the world, and stuff like air-conditioning has been around since the 1950's or so, headlights for even longer, etc.
It's not like we need to create an incubator for every baby born or anything either, there's what, 20,000 or so cities in the US? say, 2 incubators per city, thats 40,000, easily do-able, and a savings of about $1,560,000,000 (provided all 40,000 cities needed new incubators, lol)
Everett's Auto Parts ... Everett's recycles over 10,000 cars a year and has more than a thousand cars in stock for you to find just the parts you need. You can even ask us to find those parts for you!...
That single junkyard could do it in about 16 years or so (given that not all vehicles have air-con, working lights, etc), nevermind the other hundreds maybe thousands of other salvage and junkyards in the US, nevermind elsewhere in the world...
You get the idea.
Honestly, i dont really give a damn about the incubators, but the point is its a worthwhile recycling program, plus it uses a relatively small amount of the vehicles, leaving a large amount of other parts that could (should) be used for other things.
No cold-hearted, just Malthusian. There is talk about how technology has stunted human evolution. Technology has also vastly increased the Earth's ability to support human life far beyond what it would be capable otherwise. I'm still kinda riding the fence on the Neo-Malthusian/Cornucopian debate.
The game.
There is a direct correlation between infant mortality and birth rate, across all living things. This is why reptiles or fish have so many offspring at once compared to mammals. In mammals, the parents protect and educate the young, ensuring lower mortality rates, and therefore don't need to produce as many offspring to have the same number of adults. Even within mammals, species that provide less maternal care will have more young more often (i.e. dogs, cats) compared to those that provide more (i.e. dolphins, apes).
Looking at our species the same law naturally applies, and its effects can be clearly seen. If you look at the countries with high birth rates, you will see they are also the ones with high mortality rates. In the short term there will be a population increase but in the long term it will stabilize. The initial increase can (and should) be reduced by providing contraceptives, legalizing abortion, teaching sexual education in schools, and minimizing the influence of religion (if it goes against the first 3). These are things that all modern societies have done, I don't see any reason why others would be unable to do so.
From my experience, I would say yes, there are huge supplies of car parts lying about in developing nations.
Sure, only the small fraction of wealthy people can buy a car, even one heavily used, but what happens to the car when it breaks down beyond all repair? Does the non-existent trash-collection agency come to haul it off to the non-existent recycling facility or proper landfill? Nope, it sits right where it broke down - unless it broke down on the road, then it will be pushed aside just enough for normal traffic to resume. After that, everything that can be removed and hauled off without special equipment will be removed. Fans, engine, alternator, lights, pumps, belts, bits of plastic, body panels, I mean EVERYTHING. All this stuff ends up back at the mechanics, since they are the only people who could get any use out of it. Parts rarely match up exactly, but things get shoe-horned into place and made to work. In a few months or so, if a big flat-bed lorry comes along, what is left of the frame will be hauled off and turned into hand carts.
My single data point: In my small little remote town there are about 4 private cars (1 was a missionary doctor), a couple of government cars, as well as a bus-stop that ran 3 or 4 buses between the nearest towns. The mechanics at the bus stop stand had a large collection of spare parts. I have no idea how many of them were functioning or to what degree they did, but there were piles and piles of all different sorts of parts. I'm sure that with a bit of trial and error, enough working parts could have been pulled out of there to construct something equal to what was in TFA. Even more, there was a shop selling solar panels to charge car batteries for 12v lighting systems. While still quite expensive, a system like this could be set up to be totally independent of unreliable mains.
I know that what passed for the hospital in town did not have an incubator, or regular electricity to run one if they did. I never personally knew anyone there who lost a baby shortly after birth, but I heard of it happening often enough. Something like this could have saved some of those lives.
Now I'm feeling some kind of reverse home-sickness :(
"Cheeze it!" - Bender
Ok cars are expensive outside of the Nanny State then. Here in Amerikkka you can't just take people's cars for speeding or reckless driving.
Here in the Nanny State we have a lot less road deaths.
Most seized cars were uninsured. If you pay the fines you can get the car back, but if you've been banned from driving for a year or two for driving uninsured and your car wasn't worth much anyway it might not be worth it.
Technology has also vastly increased the Earth's ability to support human life
Unfortunately, it's much worse than that. First, so long as countries have a high birth rate, any technological advance only delays (and magnifies) the coming Malthusian disaster.
Secondly, many of the technological advances are temporary, especially in 3rd world countries, as they depend on cheap oil for mechanisation, fertiliser and pesticides.
The current economic situation has given oil a small reprieve, but the shit will hit the fan some time. It might start with some "unexpected" coincidence of multiple factors: a drought here, a war there, a crop disease somewhere else.
N.America, Australia, Brazil etc suffer a little with reduced exports. China bids high for what remains. Africa starves first, with places like Indonesia and even India not so far behind.
And guess what? There is nothing we can do to stop it, short of mass involuntary sterilisation. Even if all the Americans go vegetarian, banning grain-fed beef and ethanol fuel, it only delays the problem a short time.
Birth rates are the time bomb, and China is the only third world county to be doing anything about it. Mass-starvation (millions of deaths!) is _very_ fresh in their minds.
You can argue over all the variables of crop yields, oil reserves, etc, and it only changes when, not if, mass global food shortages will come.
...and this is modified +5? I hope you've elected to avoid any form of surgery or medical attention in your country should you need it, to be even-handed.
I fail to see how making incubators cheaper/more prevalent can be seen as anything other than a good thing. Following your line of logic it'd seem the logical extreme would be bombing continents for the good of the "civilised" western world...
Most FDA regulations are in place because someone died from a malfunction. The FDA is a very reactionary organization. They do not think ahead, they are trying to prevent a repeat of past problems. The problem is, there have been many problems that we do not want to repeat.
Remember, You are unique...just like everyone else.
First, so long as countries have a high birth rate, any technological advance only delays (and magnifies) the coming Malthusian disaster.
True, but when higher technology is actually available, the birth rate drops. This has held true for about 1/3 of the earths population across several cultures.
Secondly, many of the technological advances are temporary, especially in 3rd world countries, as they depend on cheap oil for mechanisation, fertiliser and pesticides.
Right, in the long run the only solution is to covert them into first world countries.
Looking at our species the same law naturally applies...
The numbers work out the same, but I don't think it's due to that law. In nature, choosing an R-type (many and cheap) or K-type (few and expensive) reproductive strategy is something the occurs at a genetic level, and has to happen because resources are limited.
But since that balance is in the genes, you can 'break' that law by putting the creature in an unnatural situation. Bacteria in culture or rabbits in Australia can have low mortality and rapid reproduction, because they aren't being held back by predators or a lack of resources. Human beings are in a similar situation in the first world - we could easily have an average of eight children per female like in the third world and still have very low mortality - but we don't, so some other factor must be involved.
I'd heard teaching birth control in countries with strong Christian cultures like the USA is tough is as well...
Thank you for the first reasonable post in this thread! (I know there are others to follow.) People who don't know any better can talk about birth rates all they want, but it's the infant mortality rate that tells the tale. Combine that with the number of otherwise healthy adults dying from diseases like HIV/AIDS and you have places in Africa where the few children remaining are being raised by their few remaining grandmothers because there aren't any parents left to do the job--or to put in the crops or otherwise bring in money and food.
For the past eight years, very capable American agencies have had their hands tied because they can't mention (for example) the fact that you can prevent the spread of HIV by the use of condoms or that you can space the births of your children by means of condoms or other birth control. I'm optimistic that all this is about to change with the new administration, but a lot of ground has been lost in eight years.
The other issue that hasn't been mentioned is that birth rates may be higher in rural, agrarian, or subsistence-level economies because it takes more people per family to make a living. Children, and large families of them, have been an asset across thousands of years. It's only in the past couple of hundred that this has changed.
Also, idly, I'd entertain thoughts of taking the "let the babies die" folks on a stroll through a neonatal intensive care unit and allowing them to choose which of the babies got to live and which had to die. That's because I also believe at some level that humans who haven't been conditioned or brutalized have a natural instinct to try to save any distressed human young that we happen to run across.
"Here's what's happening. You're starting to drive like your Dad..." - Red Green
I bet they spend a heck of alot less to build their units. How much can a heat lamp and thermostat cost.
Parent is right but its a little to late to discuss that when the child is already there. And not to mention the cost of health service and insurance "quirks" may make it unaffordable to some anyway.
Why not get the best of all worlds? It is possible to strive for better, cheaper prenatal care and better, cheaper incubators.
There are millions of cars just sitting around all over the world, and stuff like air-conditioning has been around since the 1950's or so, headlights for even longer, etc.
Exactly! My baby was concieved in the back of a 57 cadillac, it's only appropriate that he's incubated in one too.
your car wasn't worth much anyway it might not be worth it.
There was an article in a paper a while back where the police mentioned they'd confiscated like seven cars from this one dude - he had basically a lifetime revokation for DUIs, and they'd take his car whenever they caught him(usuaully drunk). He'd just go out and buy another cheap sub-$500 car - cheaper than impound fees and such. Part of the article was, of course, outrage over why the guy wasn't in prison.
Personally, call me old fashioned but I think that car confiscations, even/especially for drug stuff should be handled through the courts. Confiscations, period, for that matter.
I don't read AC A human right
Apologies for my previous knee-jerk response - it's just that your comment touched a nerve, being a parent who experienced the gut-wrenching anguish of seeing a child in an incubator.
Perhaps your comment wasn't meant to be flippant WRT life-saving (possible) innovations.
I thought the point of using car parts is that they are cheap, easily available, and run on 12 volts
The thousand dollars quote leads me to believe that you're right - it wouldn't be even a grand if you're taking parts out of a junk yard, but who wants to do that? I figure that these incubators are using new parts, just ones from the automotive industry and not the medical industry for economy of scale and robustness. Though, yes, the ability to use junkyard parts for repairs is mentioned.
For example, most headlights are under $20, so that's only $40 for your heat source. 12V cabling is relatively cheap, there's various thermostats you can get. They're vibration resistant, and a AC-DC transformer will provide a good amount of protection from surges, especially if you put a car battery in the circuit to provide backup. Automotive fuses can provide safety and prevent damage. For that matter, car equipment is designed to take anything from like 12V to 14.4-15V, so it's robust from that angle as well.
The article mentions detractors that say that intervention, skilled delivery people, emergency care would be better. I'd argue that those would cost more - importing a western trained doctor is expensive. Low-hanging fruit, people. One step at a time. Incremental improvement.
Heck, if it's good enough, I'd like to see them in our hospitals. Perhaps a fancier, more expensive model, but still cheap compared to current ones. Look at our healthcare costs. How much money would be saved if we could get, instead of a $40k incubator, a $5k incubator instead? Figure a thousand incubators a state per year(50k total), that'd be $1.75 BILLON saved. Not including any maintenance savings, given that current incubators are maintenance hogs per the article, and I didn't see any mention of parts that you'd expect to replace any given year with the auto one. Sure, not much against the trillions we spend now - but as they say, a billion here and there, and suddenly you're looking at real money. ;)
I don't read AC A human right