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Court Rejects RIAA's Proposed Protective Order

NewYorkCountryLawyer writes "You may recall that a few weeks ago the Court rendered a detailed decision providing for safeguards in connection with the RIAA's proposed inspection of the defendant's hard drive in SONY BMG Music Entertainment v. Tenenbaum. The decision instructed the RIAA to submit a proposed protective order consistent with the Court's decision. The RIAA submitted a proposed protective order yesterday, which attracted some thoughtful commentary by readers of my blog, but today the Court rejected the RIAA's suggested order, explicitly rejecting many of the 'enhancements' included by the RIAA, including production of 'videos' and 'playlists' which might be found on the hard drive. Instead the Court entered an order the Court itself had drafted. The Court explained that 'the purpose of compelling inspection is to identify information reasonably calculated to provide evidence of any file-sharing of Plaintiffs' copyrighted music sound files conducted on the Defendant's computer. Once this data is identified by the computer forensic expert... any disclosure shall flow through the Defendant subject to his assertion of privilege and the Court's authority to compel production, just as disclosure would occur in any other pre-trial discovery setting... (1) As should have been clear from the Court's May 6, 2009 Order, although the Plaintiffs may select experts of their choosing, these individuals are not to be employees of the Plaintiffs or their counsel, but must be third-parties held to the strictest standards of confidentiality; (2) the inspection is limited to music sound files, metadata associated with music sound files, and information related to the file-sharing of music sound files — it shall not include music "playlists" or any other type of media file (e.g., video); (3) the Examining Expert shall be required to disclose both the methods employed to inspect the hard drive and any instruction or guidance received from the Plaintiffs.'"

197 comments

  1. Whoa! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Funny

    I typed some queries for lyrics into Wolfram alpha, and now they have to fight the RIAA!!

    1. Re:Whoa! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Weird coincidence. I just wrote a song about my emotional experiences with Wolfram Alpha, and now the RIAA owns Wolfram Alpha!

    2. Re:Whoa! by HermMunster · · Score: 5, Insightful

      The plaintiff has always had the burden of proof. It must show by a preponderance of evidence. This is a solid decision and it shows the RIAA that they should have to work for their supp.

      --
      You can lead a man with reason but you can't make him think.
    3. Re:Whoa! by TinBromide · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Not precisely. Preponderance of evidence is forced upon the recieving party. I've been involved with cases where preponderance of evidence against the plaintiff got cost shifting, though most of the time its the plaintiff saying "Yeah Huh!" and the defendant replies with the ever so eloquent "Nuh Uh!".

      Yes, that's how court cases go, there's a bunch of briefs, responses, and arguments that ammount to "Yeah huh!" "Nuh uh!" "But he started it!", and so on. They get more wordy than that, but that's all it boils down to.

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    4. Re:Whoa! by Shadow+of+Eternity · · Score: 5, Funny

      This man speaks the truth. With the exception of evidence a civil case is literally "He did X Y Z and it hurt me!" on one side and "Didn't do X, don't know anything about Y, Z's their fault" on the other side.

      Or alternatively you could imagine two four year olds fighting but very well dressed.

      --
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    5. Re:Whoa! by fibrewire · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      The other day something happened around the corner to the courthouse - some guys with RIAA baseball caps threw a CD sleeve of some Metallica album and it brushed this dude on the back. The guy turns around only to meet the baseball cap crew saying something like "You didn't pay for that CD" and the guy said "It isn't mine - you threw it at me." Then the baseball cap gang proceeded to buttfuck the guy. The End.

    6. Re:Whoa! by __aagbwg300 · · Score: 1

      Or as my Civil Procedure professor so eloquently put it: "DKI EVERYTHING POSSIBLE" (DKI = Deny Knowledge or Information for the NALs out there)

    7. Re:Whoa! by spartacus_prime · · Score: 1

      Or they can abuse third party practice and try and bring in everybody remotely related to the defendant's finances.

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    8. Re:Whoa! by deblau · · Score: 1

      There are two kinds of "burden of proof": the burden to persuade, and the burden to produce evidence. The plaintiff doesn't always have the burden of proof, for example the defendant has the burden of persuasion with respect to affirmative defenses, such as fair use in a copyright case. To require the plaintiff to prove a defense would be nonsensical.

      The two burdens are not always aligned, either. Suppose a defendant makes a motion to dismiss the case. Then the plaintiff may have the burden to produce some evidence that the case should not be dismissed. The burden to produce evidence is on the plaintiff, but the burden of persuading the judge that the case should be thrown out remains with the defendant, after all the evidence has been presented.

      The burden of the showing varies, depending on the situation. Since throwing out a case even before discovery could severely impact a legitimate plaintiff's rights, the burden of production is very low to overcome a motion to dismiss. As the process moves forward, and both sides have more of a chance to be heard, the burden to proceed increases slightly (in the interests of judicial efficiency).

      --
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    9. Re:Whoa! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      The plaintiff doesn't always have the burden of proof, for example the defendant has the burden of persuasion with respect to affirmative defenses, such as fair use in a copyright case. To require the plaintiff to prove a defense would be nonsensical.

      It is not nonsensical to require a plaintiff to consider possible affirmative defences a defendant may raise any more than it is to require a public prosecutor to consider constitutional and facial defences a defendant may raise at trial. It is not a coincidence that the rules with respect to these are similar and similarly numbered in the federal civil and criminal procedures.

      Unfortunately in the U.S. system there is little impediment to bring a suit that does not even pass a laugh test with respect to affirmative defences, even in copyright law. Likewise, there is little deterrence against criminal prosecutions that clearly would not pass constitutional muster. A good attorney helps the adversarial system minimize cost to a defendant in these cases, but the defendant is not left whole for the most part after final judgment, and may face enormous and unsustainable costs reaching that point.

      In some common law jurisdictions it is becoming common for the courts to assess all costs against a plaintiff who performed an unsatisfactory analysis with respect to affirmative defences even if the parties have an agreement with respect to costs in the case.

      In general, parties who desire to be protected on costs should make adequate offers and respond to reasonable ones; parties should not be penalised on costs for not responding to clearly inadequate offers, nor should they be penalised on costs if their reasonable offers are rebuffed.

      A party which causes the other parties and the court to incur costs unnecessarily should be penalised on costs, even if successful. Unnecessary costs begin with the filing of a suit wherein there is an insufficient analysis of affirmative defences. In copyright infringement cases, this means that the plaintiffs attorneys have a duty to the court and to their client to perform an adequate fair use analysis before proceeding.

      Obviously some attorneys disagree with -- or are ignorant of -- this, and certianly NYCL has had some choice things to say about the attorneys for the plaintiffs in the music indurstry v the people cases with which he is au fait.

  2. An educated judiciary by actionbastard · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It seems as though that the judges in these cases are becoming more educated as to the technical aspects of this case and P2P filesharing in general. This can only mean that the RIAA's tactics will be scruntized more closely by the court than ever before. This can only be a good thing for defendants in these cases. If the defense prevails, this is the start to the end of this mess for once-and-for-all. Thanks to NewYorkCountryLawyer for keeping us on top of this.

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    1. Re:An educated judiciary by arbiter1 · · Score: 1

      over last year or so, judges have started to be more educated on these case and not being blinded by the riaa's weak ass crap

    2. Re:An educated judiciary by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 5, Informative

      It seems as though that the judges in these cases are becoming more educated as to the technical aspects of this case and P2P filesharing in general. This can only mean that the RIAA's tactics will be scruntized more closely by the court than ever before. This can only be a good thing for defendants in these cases. If the defense prevails, this is the start to the end of this mess for once-and-for-all. Thanks to NewYorkCountryLawyer for keeping us on top of this.

      This judge seems to be much more on top of the legal issues than she was in the early years. For 4 years she presided over uncontested cases. Then when some lawyering finally appeared for a couple of Boston University students named as "John Doe" defendants, and briefed some of the flaws in the RIAA's cases, the judge seemed to become more vigilant. It all proves the point that we have an adversarial system; the judges usually rely on zealous, competent lawyering from both sides. When one side can't afford to get good legal representation, the judge doesn't get to see the whole picture.

      There have been a couple of judges who refused to rubber stamp the RIAA's chicanery --Judge Arterton in CT, Judge Brewster in CA, Judge Kelley in VA, Judge Otero in CA, and several judges in Austin TX come to mind -- but usually it doesn't work that way.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    3. Re:An educated judiciary by actionbastard · · Score: 4, Insightful

      When one side can't afford to get good legal representation, the judge doesn't get to see the whole picture.
      True. However, one of the primary responsibilities of any member of the bench is to see that the rights of the accused are protected, above all else. "Better to see ten guilty men go free than to see one innocent man convicted." Those that fail to do so are not upholding their responsibilities and will be either reversed on appeal, or should removed from the bench. It is entirely within the discretion of any judge to bring to the attention of the accused that they might not be properly represented and that they should seek better counsel; even if their lawyer is one appointed by the court.

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    4. Re:An educated judiciary by QuantumG · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Ya.. except that these are civil cases and so there is no court appointed lawyers.. As for judges telling you that you've got shit representation, that would require some kind of objective measure of copyright lawyer quality and seeing as no-one understands copyright law, not even the judges, that aint gunna happen.

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    5. Re:An educated judiciary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Insightful, my ass. That's a criminal trial, moron. These are civil cases.

    6. Re:An educated judiciary by martin-boundary · · Score: 2, Funny
      That would be like saying you can't assess the quality of a basketball player unless you understand exactly how he does his thing. You don't really need to understand copyright law before you can make a quality assessment.

      Here's a simple suggestion if you want to compare lawyers: keep a set of win/lose statistics for all copyright cases, for each lawyer in this specialty.

      Here's a simple suggestion if you want to ensure "fairness": Let both sides choose their lawyers, then have the judge flip a coin and swap the lawyers and clients pairings if the result is heads. That way, each side gets the best lawyers on average.

    7. Re:An educated judiciary by anagama · · Score: 4, Insightful

      To be fair, you can't judge all lawyers by a metric as simple as win/lose. Some lawyers take on cases that they are almost certainly going to lose, maybe many such cases for many years, in an attempt to change the law itself or for reasons such as fairness. Such lawyers may be quite excellent, yet have a quite pitiful win/lose ratio. For example, the civil rights movement certainly involved many worthy cases destined to lose against unjust laws. The lawyers who fought those battles weren't bad lawyers simply because they lost -- they didn't have a snowball's chance of winning. It's a rare person who'll put their heart into a fight knowing they'll be savaged in the end merely because it is the right thing to do.

      Even in very well settled and not terribly controversial areas of the law, there are certain types of cases which are simply more likely to be lost. For example, criminal defense. Many excellent lawyers lose many cases in such a practice. By the same token, if a prosecutor loses many cases, you have to wonder about his/her skill.

      --
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    8. Re:An educated judiciary by tebee · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You know, I can't help wondering if if Judge Gertner is following NYCL's blog and taking notice of some of the more insightful comments there?

      --
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    9. Re:An educated judiciary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This is where the old saying comes from.

      Truth, Justice, and the American way.

    10. Re:An educated judiciary by Lorien_the_first_one · · Score: 1

      Indeed. But the attorney (Nesson) is making the argument that this is a criminal case and has submitted a question the the AG. What would happen if the case is converted to a criminal case? Even more scrutiny?

      --
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    11. Re:An educated judiciary by Maximum+Prophet · · Score: 1

      Here's a simple suggestion if you want to ensure "fairness": Let both sides choose their lawyers, then have the judge flip a coin and swap the lawyers and clients pairings if the result is heads. That way, each side gets the best lawyers on average.

      I like it. That way people won't try to hire the most expensive lawyers they can, because they'll wind up paying for the other side's lawyer.

      You'd have to make District Attorneys non-trial lawyers who simply direct when another lawyer should be hired. It would make sure that the court appointed lawyers and the DA hired lawyers would be on even footing.

      The gotcha is when one side hires his brother-in-law as a lawyer. If he gets the BiL, BiL tries to win, if the other side gets the BiL, the BiL tries to lose.

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    12. Re:An educated judiciary by Will.Woodhull · · Score: 1

      That would be like saying you can't assess the quality of a basketball player unless you understand exactly how he does his thing.

      It is more like saying that you can't assess the quality of a basketball player unless you understand the rules of basketball.

      Copyright law has become so twisted from its original intent that no one yet understands the new rules of the game. It seems like most of these cases are like arguments in Calvinball about which rules apply this time. GP post has it right: even if it were a judge's duty to determine competency of representation, it couldn't be done in the realm of Calvinball. Oops, I mean current copyright law.

      Oh, please stop dribbling. Its dripping onto the keyboard. Remember: dribbling is the number one reason that basketball analogies never work well on Slashdot.

      --
      Will
    13. Re:An educated judiciary by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 2, Informative

      You know, I can't help wondering if if Judge Gertner is following NYCL's blog and taking notice of some of the more insightful comments there?

      Well there are those who have said that the best thing about my blog are the comments. And I will say that the comments on the RIAA's proposed protective order were very helpful to me, and for the most part very well thought out.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    14. Re:An educated judiciary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How about we set it up thus, The plaintiff gets to have as good a lawyer in the courtroom as the defendant can afford. And he/they must be identical as far as teams go. Finally the lawyers for both get to do the whole case for a fixed amount set by the judge as determined by the defendants means ans severity of the case. A restraining order on both sides to cease and desist doing business as far as the contested subject matter goes. So you can no longer sell that song/patented item etc. while it is the object of the court case.

    15. Re:An educated judiciary by Rich0 · · Score: 1

      By the same token, if a prosecutor loses many cases, you have to wonder about his/her skill.

      Frankly - I think this is a major problem in criminal justice. Prosecutors are interested in convictions - not prosecuting those who have actually committed crimes. A prosecutor with a weak case doesn't wonder if the guy might be innocent - he just hedges his bets by levelling a nasty charge and then bargaining for a minor one. Sounds nice on paper - a person with a 20% chance of being guilty gets 20% of the punishment, but justice would be 20% of those people getting 100% of the punishment and 80% getting released as expediently as possible.

    16. Re:An educated judiciary by Thinboy00 · · Score: 1

      By the same token, if a prosecutor loses many cases, you have to wonder about his/her skill.

      Frankly - I think this is a major problem in criminal justice. Prosecutors are interested in convictions - not prosecuting those who have actually committed crimes. A prosecutor with a weak case doesn't wonder if the guy might be innocent - he just hedges his bets by levelling a nasty charge and then bargaining for a minor one. Sounds nice on paper - a person with a 20% chance of being guilty gets 20% of the punishment, but justice would be 20% of those people getting 100% of the punishment and 80% getting released as expediently as possible.

      IANAL. But you're wrong. In a criminal trial (civil trials don't involve prosecutors at all, just plaintiffs and defendants), the person must be proved guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In other words, if the person is 20% likely to be guilty, he goes free.

      --
      $ make available
    17. Re:An educated judiciary by Nefarious+Wheel · · Score: 1

      Well there are those who have said that the best thing about my blog are the comments

      The best thing about any blog is the comments. Who comes to Slashdot to read the articles?

      --
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    18. Re:An educated judiciary by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      Well there are those who have said that the best thing about my blog are the comments

      The best thing about any blog is the comments. Who comes to Slashdot to read the articles?

      Are you telling me there are people here who don't RTFA?

      Now you tell me.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    19. Re:An educated judiciary by Rich0 · · Score: 1

      Except that it doesn't work that way. The vast majority of criminal cases are settled in a plea-bargain. It works like this:

      There is a 20% chance that you killed your wife. The prosecutor charges you with first-degree murder (life sentence, plus risk of execution). Then the presecutor offers you a plea for manslaughter that carries a 2-year prison term. Your choices are to go to trial and risk a life sentence, or just take the 2 years.

      Now, sure, if you go to trial the jury SHOULD find you innoent and you get out. Of course, you might sit in jail for three months before your trial even comes up if you don't get bail. However, if you do get convicted you are REALLY up the creek.

      Most people just take the deal, and end up being punished for a crime they didn't commit.

      Also - merely having to go through the trial is essentially punishment. You could end up in prison for months if you don't make bail. You end up missing work even if you do make bail. While you are entitled to free representation, if you were facing life in prison chances are you'd spend money on the best lawyer you could find.

      All of this makes the current system unjust. It is about following a process, not doing what is right.

      Don't get me wrong - I'm as tough on crime as anybody is. However, to punish the innocent is not just, and I think that as a society we bear the consequences of doing so. In fact, when a criminal does something wrong they're the only one with blood on their hands, but when as a society we punish the innocent we all end up with blood on our hands.

  3. Re:first by actionbastard · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    +5 Funny.

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  4. Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by TinBromide · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Any lawyer that can't come up with a production order that sticks to court ordered criteria should be sanctioned on the spot. I.E. you have a list of things that your order MUST satisfy, yet you think that there quite a bit of flex in it. Its like getting a shopping list with milk, eggs, butter, bread and coming home with cheese, quiche, marjoram (not margarine) and chips. How daft must the RIAA lawyers be to do this? In my experience as a COMPUTER FORENSICS EXPERT I have never seen attorneys flaunt a court order and attempt to come up with new criteria. I guess I'm in the wrong circuits.

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    1. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by TinBromide · · Score: 4, Funny

      PS, its sad that I was modded funny, but my post wasn't written to be funny. I guess that's just the state of things with the RIAA where a semi-lay person's translation of an asinine situation gets modded funny...

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    2. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Any lawyer that can't come up with a production order that sticks to court ordered criteria should be sanctioned on the spot.

      I agree with you. I would come down very hard on attorneys who try to game the system as the RIAA's attorneys do, were I a judge.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    3. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by morgan_greywolf · · Score: 3, Funny

      I agree with you. I would come down very hard on attorneys who try to game the system as the RIAA's attorneys do, were I a judge.

      Is this your unofficial campaign announcement for federal circuit judge, Ray? I'd vote for you!

    4. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Zordak · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That's cool, except there's only one vote that counts when electing a federal judge. And the evidence points to him being pretty firmly in the pocket of Big Media.

      --

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    5. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Zordak · · Score: 1

      I guess while I'm being smug, I should be precise. Only one person gets to choose the judge, but the Senators still have to confirm him. But I'd like to see the nominee that this president can't get past this Senate.

      --

      Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
    6. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by rozthepimp · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Regarding your comments re the filings of RIAA lawyers, the oldest /. expression comes to mind - "You must be new here". The unbelievable filings of HRO, Dwyer & Collora, and their predecessors over the last few years leads to the conclusion that there are a lot more bottom feeder law firms out there than anyone in the practice of law would like to admit. As someone who left the law profession a few years ago, I can say now that IANAL, but the inane motions/filings on behalf of the record company plaintiffs truly stagger the imagination. As far as I can tell, the only qualification to act as a plaintiff lawyer in these cases is that the you must suck it up and write as dictated by Matt Oppemheim. So the law firm must balance their reputation and bad PR against the fees.

    7. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by belmolis · · Score: 3, Interesting

      What do you think they were up to in trying to get access to videos? I can imagine why they might want to see playlists, but videos can't possibly bear on the RIAA's case since they don't represent video owners. Are they in cahoots with the MPAA? Fishing for something embarassing ("The defendant is obviously a scumbag: we found 'Debbie Does Dallas' on her hard drive.")?

    8. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 4, Interesting

      What do you think they were up to in trying to get access to videos? I can imagine why they might want to see playlists, but videos can't possibly bear on the RIAA's case since they don't represent video owners. Are they in cahoots with the MPAA? Fishing for something embarassing ("The defendant is obviously a scumbag: we found 'Debbie Does Dallas' on her hard drive.")?

      That's an easy one:

      1. Fishing (maybe they can find some music videos, maybe they can find something the MPAA can use, etc.)

      2. Blackmail (in a Tennessee case they got a copy of the guy's hard drive, were allowed to rummage through it, found some legal but pornographic videos, and used them to blackmail him into a settlement).

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      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    9. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What do you think they were up to in trying to get access to videos?

      Videos usually contain sound.

    10. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Barny · · Score: 1

      Your likely right with the videos, and as for play-lists, I am guessing it makes finding deleted data a lot easier if you know the track name that will be neatly in the ID tag within the start of the file.

      Means the person can be "done" not only for what they have on their computer, but what they had on their computer as well.

      I am guessing it would be a pretty big thing to someone if, questionable, content were found on their drive, and they were told that it had been found, and would be entered into public court documents, might make a person real eager to settle a case.

      My opinion of them just reached a whole new order of low, knowing that they have done such a thing, and of the legal system for letting that happen ;(

      --
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      /me sighs
    11. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Runaway1956 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      "Are they in cahoots with the MPAA?"

      Belmolis, there is at LEAST one blonde in your immediate family? And, you are having a blonde moment, right?

      That top-secret ACTA treaty that Obama refuses to allow the public to see? Guess who DOES get to see it? http://www.boingboing.net/2009/03/14/partial-list-of-corp.html#previouspost

      Basically, every inbred fool with a few million dollars worth of "Intellectual Property" is allowed input in this treaty, but the common man, and human rights activists seeing the same treaty would be bad for national security. Yes, all the inbreds are sleeping with each other.

      --
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    12. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What about songs used on top of video? Montages, home made you tube stuff?

    13. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by snowgirl · · Score: 1

      I've been working with some civil cases, and this seems to happen a lot with particularly unethical clients.

      We had a settlement agreement made in court, in front of a judge, and yet the other party still seems to think that offer+acceptance does not a contract make. So, they've tried to enhance the deal a ton, but we're not having any of it.

      Of course, this is he same person who broke into my house in order to steal my briefcase full of evidence against him... ah, what a lovely world we live in... if it's not "yah uh" and "nuh uh" on both sides, it's one side clearly in the right, and the other pulls some petty immature bs to get their way.

      When I tell people about the situation, they typically respond, "I find it hard to believe that you're dealing with adults."

      Arguments and settlements progress very little beyond the childish ways of tattletales, etc. The court just gives an official air to the whole process.

      --
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    14. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by mvdwege · · Score: 1

      Or:

      3. "He's been sharing copyrighted video. Obviously, that makes him a pirate, so he must have been sharing our copyrighted music as well."

      Given the press releases coming out of the copyright cartels, it is no stretch to infer that they really think like this.

      Mart

      --
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    15. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      More importantly, SlashDot would vote for him.

      Anon, as modded.

    16. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by xouumalperxe · · Score: 1

      Here's what I don't get: Videos, and, well, anything not directly related to RIAA's case, should be off-limits, obviously. But I'd certainly allow playlists. I mean, from my point of view play lists shouldn't have nearly the same weight as the actual music files, but they certainly constitute circumstantial evidence that the referred music files were available at some point in time.

      As a more concrete (but hypothetical) example, if the guy being sued by the RIAA were the sort who kept a huge folder of recorded CDs/DVDs with "questionable" media, I'd certainly allow those to be searched when I said "Ok, search his hard drive". If the guy had a handful of burned DVDs lying about at home, I wouldn't allow the search to extend to those right off the bat (it would amount to a fishing expedition), but would allow the RIAA to argue "Hey, we found some playlists that point to his DVD drive, so we'd like to examine his DVDs to look for it".

    17. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by funkatron · · Score: 1

      Any lawyer that can't come up with a production order that sticks to court ordered criteria should be sanctioned on the spot.

      Be careful. One day you might end up hiring this lawyer. You don't think sanctions are free for the client do you?

      --
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    18. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Doesn't RICO cover blackmail?
      Plus all their lying in court can easily count as fraud.

      That makes 2 out of 35 crimes, giving green light for RICO?

    19. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by bconway · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      I agree with you. I would come down very hard on attorneys who try to game the system as the RIAA's attorneys do, were I a judge.

      Thankfully that's not the case. The last thing we need are more activist judges.

      --
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    20. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by nameer · · Score: 1

      What about music videos? Wouldn't the record labels hold the copyright on those? Maybe their intent was to find music videos for which they hold the copyright. Though I suppose they should have clarified themselves if that was the intent.

      --
      "Uh... yeah, Brain, but where are we going to find rubber pants our size?" --Pinky
    21. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 3, Informative

      Your likely right with the videos, and as for play-lists, I am guessing it makes finding deleted data a lot easier if you know the track name that will be neatly in the ID tag within the start of the file. Means the person can be "done" not only for what they have on their computer, but what they had on their computer as well. I am guessing it would be a pretty big thing to someone if, questionable, content were found on their drive, and they were told that it had been found, and would be entered into public court documents, might make a person real eager to settle a case. My opinion of them just reached a whole new order of low, knowing that they have done such a thing, and of the legal system for letting that happen ;(

      Barny, here's my blog post about the Tennessee case in which they purposely sought to, and did, humiliate a member of the armed services by making a public record of some off color videos he had on his computer. After they'd made the point, and made a public record of the whole thing, they thereafter moved to strike their own irrelevant disclosure. But not until everybody who knew the army sergeant in question knew his embarrassing secret.

      I don't care how low your opinion of them gets, you should always make room for it to get lower.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    22. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by KutuluWare · · Score: 1

      Thankfully that's not the case. The last thing we need are more activist judges.

      Actually, the last thing we need is more idiots using the term "Activist Judge" and displaying their complete ignorance of the whole point of our judicial system.

    23. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I have never seen attorneys flaunt a court order and attempt to come up with new criteria

      "Flout", not "flaunt".

    24. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      huhuhu, you said hard on

    25. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Perhaps Music videos come to mind?

    26. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by DragonWriter · · Score: 1

      That's cool, except there's only one vote that counts when electing a federal judge.

      Cute, but wrong.

      Federal judges are appointed by the President subject to the consent of the Senate. So there is clearly more than one vote that matters.

    27. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Zordak · · Score: 1

      Man, if only I'd thought to reply to myself and give a more complete answer, specifically pointing out that the Senate has to give the President's choice a thumbs up. I guess I'll just have to turn in my constitutional law geek card now.

      --

      Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
    28. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      I guess I'll just have to turn in my constitutional law geek card now.

      I didn't even know they had those. Where do I go to buy one?

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    29. Re:Wow, the RIAA is bad at this by Barny · · Score: 1

      Yup, thats lower, doing that to secure a victory, is one thing, doing it just to humiliate a person, particularly one who has spent their life protecting not only their lives but their way of life, is (thanks to my aussie upbringing and slashdot for letting my say this uncensored) fucking disgusting :/

      --
      ...
      /me sighs
  5. OK, now what... by weaponx71 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    SO, someone scans the drive, maybe comes across a few music files. They log said files and each file might have meta data information. But what about file sharing data? Does the fact that I have uTorrent ensure a copyright infringement or me a distributor? Do such programs keep logs of all the files shared or distributed? And what would be in the meta data that would also label me as the above mentioned. If any music files WERE found then if you can produce the original disk great, if not then your up the creek with out a paddle I guess. I am glad to see the RIAA not get their way on this front. Letting them choose the company would have been WAY out of line and far to great a possibility of abuse. Also glad to see a court that actually seems like it knows what it is doing.

    1. Re:OK, now what... by TinBromide · · Score: 4, Informative

      Digital forensics is a touchy mistress. The best they can come up with is uTorrent or other filesharing client data, i.e. you can read in the registry or configuration files where the shared folder is. If files are in the shared folder, you can say they were being shared. Some really nice (for forensics analysts) software keeps a log of when the software was started and shut down, if the creation time of a file falls within the log, you can add up the time and say that the client distributed that file for the duration that the logs said the software was active. Its up to the plaintiff to disprove that allegation, but he said she saids very rarely end up in court the way you'd think.

      You can also find all the .torrent files and say that those files were downloaded, and uploaded as a side effect of how p2p software works. I think that the playlists and other info has nothing to do with the case at hand. If someone says they rip all of their CDs to their computer and has the hard copies (or receipts) to prove it, there is nothing the RIAA can do. However, if the remnants of file sharing data (share ratios, shared folders, seed status, etc) says that they ripped songs and then shared them, the plaintiffs may be in trouble.

      Remember, the RIAA may be saying that downloading is illegal, but they're prosecuting based on unauthorized distribution laws (uploading).

      --
      Is it sad that I am more likely to recognize you and your posts by your sig than your name or UID?
    2. Re:OK, now what... by sumdumass · · Score: 2, Informative

      Remember, the RIAA may be saying that downloading is illegal, but they're prosecuting based on unauthorized distribution laws (uploading).

      There is nothing in the copyright laws to date making downloading illegal. It all pertains to unauthorized copying and distribution outside of fair use (fair dealings in other countries).

      This is something that has extremely irritated me about the **ia's for a long time. Now when you download something, you might be causing something to be copied but technically speaking, it's the distributor's system making the copy on demand.

    3. Re:OK, now what... by Zordak · · Score: 1

      When you load it into RAM, you have made a copy for purposes of copyright law. When you write it to disk, you have made another copy.

      --

      Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
    4. Re:OK, now what... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 4, Interesting

      When you load it into RAM, you have made a copy for purposes of copyright law.

      That is simply not true. See, e.g. the Cartoon Networks which held that copies in RAM and buffered for 1.2 seconds were not in RAM for a long enough period to be considered "copies" under the Copyright Act. I personally think that copies which exist only in RAM should not be considered copies at all, but we would need the Supreme Court to reach that question to know for sure.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    5. Re:OK, now what... by happyslayer · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Here, here. As someone else who works with digital forensics, I agree--it's a "touchy mistress" that has been abused all to hell in the RIAA cases. As a casual observer to the whole *IAA thing, it looks as if they were pushing sloppy, shoddy work on the court as an airtight case...and it's catching up with them.

      Since the standard practices of digital forensics are fairly common, accepted, and (to techies) obvious, you would think that they would take the time to do the job right, push through those cases that cemented their reputation as solid litigators; their reputations would have preceded them, and they could have had a few big-time early successes to browbeat future defendants.

      Instead, my horseback opinion is that they decided to go for quantity over quality. Judges and defendants rolled over under a wave of "techie-stuff", because it sounded good. But Media Sentry (or whatever they are calling themselves now, or whomever the RIAA is using), kept getting caught doing short-cut work, and the plaintiffs kept running with it (probably knowing it was crap.

      Now, everyone is getting comfortable with terms like "forensic copying," "hashes", "ip addresses", and "p2p software." And those previous cases are looking weaker and weaker.

      Sorry for the rant; as someone who works in the evidence field (and takes pride in doing it right--not fast or biased), I applaud NewYorkCountryLawyer's work on this, and I'm glad a lot of bad courtroom maneuvering is getting exposed.

      --
      Never confuse movement with action. --Hemingway
    6. Re:OK, now what... by ScrewMaster · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I personally think that copies which exist only in RAM should not be considered copies at all

      And that's the truth. I mean, if you want to carry this to the point of logical absurdity (something the RIAA does on a regular basis) the wires leading from a phonograph's cartridge through the amplifier to the speakers are transiently storing a portion of the copyrighted signal.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    7. Re:OK, now what... by vux984 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      When you load it into RAM, you have made a copy for purposes of copyright law. When you write it to disk, you have made another copy.

      Check section 117 of the copyright act. It explicitly sanctions copies made to and from memory etc that are created 'as an essential step in the utilization'. So no, if you buy a copy of a program, you are sanctioned BY LAW to install it to the hard drive and run it in ram without needing express license from the rights holder. And its not a case of 'fair use' either, its a provision enshrined in the copyright act.

      That said, section 117 specifically applies to 'computer programs'. But honestly 'computer program' is a pretty blurry target. After all, suppose I argue that an MP3 isn't a computer program because it must be 'played back' by another piece of software. But then, that is true of a python script or a .net application too.

      And conversely the internal structure of an mp3 file is a series of mp3 headers and data blocks, this is analogous to a series of commands and the data they are to be acted on... which is pretty much what a computer program is.

      The fact that we typically view pdfs and mp3s as data vs programs is really, at the technical level, pretty arbitrary. Its not hard to imagine that we could build a machine that ran either as "programs".

      And I suspect that even without the "mp3s are programs too" argument, that MOST (not all, but most) people including legislators, judges, and juries, would all agree that the spirit of section 117 should apply to all digital media, not just 'computer programs' (whatever exactly that might be limited to).

      After all, a modern CPU should be expected to make copies of the media in Level1, 2, 3 cache, and main memory, as well as some of it maybe ending up in swap, or on the disc during sleep/hibernate, or possibly DMA transferring it to buffers on the audio chipset to... and it does all this copying even if you play the song back directly from the CD. (And this series of copies might well occur if you play the disc on your bluray player or car audio deck instead of your PC too.)

      And worse, in the process it transforms it from MP3 to WAV, and then applies some algorithm to turn the stereo into 6 channels for your 5.1 speaker setup... in other words it creates an unlicensed derivative work too... oh the horror. :)

      In any case, I think we don't have to worry overly much about this.

    8. Re:OK, now what... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 4, Informative

      Here, here. As someone else who works with digital forensics, I agree--it's a "touchy mistress" that has been abused all to hell in the RIAA cases. As a casual observer to the whole *IAA thing, it looks as if they were pushing sloppy, shoddy work on the court as an airtight case...and it's catching up with them. Since the standard practices of digital forensics are fairly common, accepted, and (to techies) obvious, you would think that they would take the time to do the job right, push through those cases that cemented their reputation as solid litigators; their reputations would have preceded them, and they could have had a few big-time early successes to browbeat future defendants. Instead, my horseback opinion is that they decided to go for quantity over quality. Judges and defendants rolled over under a wave of "techie-stuff", because it sounded good. But Media Sentry (or whatever they are calling themselves now, or whomever the RIAA is using), kept getting caught doing short-cut work, and the plaintiffs kept running with it (probably knowing it was crap. Now, everyone is getting comfortable with terms like "forensic copying," "hashes", "ip addresses", and "p2p software." And those previous cases are looking weaker and weaker. Sorry for the rant; as someone who works in the evidence field (and takes pride in doing it right--not fast or biased), I applaud NewYorkCountryLawyer's work on this, and I'm glad a lot of bad courtroom maneuvering is getting exposed.

      Thing is, the RIAA's "junk science" never gets challenged. Here are the statistics for ~40,000 cases:

      1. Number of times the RIAA's "investigator" and sole witness has been deposed: 0

      2. Number of times the RIAA's expert witness has been deposed: 1.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    9. Re:OK, now what... by Zordak · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I'm well aware of section 117. It was a direct response to the holding that a copy in RAM is a copy of the program. But I disagree that it applies to an MP3 file. The canons of statutory construction would require you to give the term "program" its ordinary meaning in most cases. So if you're in court arguing the "spirit of the law" (or in other words, begging the court to exercise its equitable powers), you've pretty much already lost the case. And the law is full of "fuzzy lines" where we are required to (and do) classify things. I think MP3s fall firmly on the "data" side of the line, even if it's sometimes fuzzy. And finally, even if you somehow manage to convince a judge that section 117 applies to an MP3, it expressly only applies to the "owner of a copy." If you downloaded an MP3 illegally (which is what the GP was talking about), you are not the owner of that copy. So section 117 does not apply to you.

      --

      Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
    10. Re:OK, now what... by QuantumG · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Yeah, there's earlier precedent that "copying into RAM" isn't making a copy for copyright purposes.. the DMCA even tries to make it explicit by saying that copies made in the normal running of a program are not copying for copyright purposes.. but this doesn't stop every fucking lawyer from trying to pull this shit every time they want to stop people from running programs in ways their client doesn't like. The recent abomination of Blizzard vs Glider is a prime example. The amble precedent and the explicit codification in law of "intermediate copies" being innocuous didn't stop the judge in that case ruling in favor of Blizzard. Watching copyright court cases and watching Texas Hold'em Poker is a similar experience, both a boring as hell until the end and all the commentators are no better than random guessers..

      --
      How we know is more important than what we know.
    11. Re:OK, now what... by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

      Thing is, the RIAA's "junk science" never gets challenged. Here are the statistics for ~40,000 cases: 1. Number of times the RIAA's "investigator" and sole witness has been deposed: 0 2. Number of times the RIAA's expert witness has been deposed: 1.

      Now, I find that remarkable. To be honest, at face value it doesn't speak well for the quality of representation those defendants had.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    12. Re:OK, now what... by Barny · · Score: 1

      Maybe it is time for "copy" to be amended to "persistent copy", and of course have persistent defined as specific circumstances (easy one would be "on power loss retains data" but a specific length of time, perhaps a percentage of the duration, would do in a pinch).

      --
      ...
      /me sighs
    13. Re:OK, now what... by RWarrior(fobw) · · Score: 3, Informative

      > > When you load it into RAM, you have made a copy for purposes of copyright law.
      > That is simply not true. See, e.g. the Cartoon Networks which held that copies in RAM
      > and buffered for 1.2 seconds were not in RAM for a long enough period to be considered
      > "copies" under the Copyright Act.

      There is now a circuit split on the issue. See M.A.I. Systems Corp. v Peak Electronics, 991 F.2d 511 (9th Cir. 1993), where the appeals court held that a copy of software loaded into RAM does qualify as a copy under copyright law. While not related to music specifically, a good researcher might turn this case up and make your life miserable. The changes to the Copyright Act that overturned this decision provided an exemption for repair shops, but did not invalidate this interpretation of "copy."

      As a side note, Peak Electronics was unable to appeal this to the Supreme Court because they ran out of money. I was on the staff at an electronics servicer's trade association at the time.

      --
      Remove the caps and hold to a mirror.
    14. Re:OK, now what... by Matrix2110 · · Score: 1

      ..the wires leading from a phonograph's cartridge through the amplifier to the speakers are transiently storing a portion of the copyrighted signal.

      Gonna be a bummer pulling the date/time logs out of that one!

    15. Re:OK, now what... by atraintocry · · Score: 1

      Stop giving them ideas.

    16. Re:OK, now what... by RobertM1968 · · Score: 1

      Yes, but that still means nothing. I have a BitTorrent client (used for legal means to help seed Star Trek New Voyages episodes) that "shares" folders with outbound speeds from full connection speed to incremental values down to zero.

      Thus, I can have my "shared" torrent folder, and have the outbound speed set to zero or something with a near equal sharing consequence.

      A shared folder really means nothing. I could "share" my "shared" folder all day long at 0k outbound. What would I be guilty of sharing?

      Something to consider...

    17. Re:OK, now what... by RobertM1968 · · Score: 1

      but this doesn't stop every fucking lawyer from trying to pull this shit every time they want to stop people from running programs in ways their client doesn't like.

      It probably doesnt stop many lawyers who dont fuck either... but then again, I've never conducted any sort of study or research, so I'm just guessing.

    18. Re:OK, now what... by RobertM1968 · · Score: 2, Funny

      1. Number of times the RIAA's "investigator" and sole witness has been deposed: 0

      2. Number of times the RIAA's expert witness has been deposed: 1.

      The day the RIAA and their minions burn in hell: priceless

    19. Re:OK, now what... by vux984 · · Score: 1

      The canons of statutory construction would require you to give the term "program" its ordinary meaning in most cases.

      Per the copyright act itself:

      A "computer program" is a set of statements or instructions to be used directly or indirectly in a computer in order to bring about a certain result.

      Its not exactly like you have to contort to squeeze MP3's into that definition. You only need to realize that an mp3 LITERALLY is a set of instructions to to be used indirectly (by an mp3 decoder or "interpreter") in a computer in order to bring about a certain result.

      I think MP3s fall firmly on the "data" side of the line, even if it's sometimes fuzzy.

      How is it 'fuzzy'? I see them as as much a program as the following is:

      1 ?"Hello World"
      2 ?"World"
      3 ?"!"

      It doesn't mean or do anything on it own. It requires a specific interpreter to mean or do anything. And when fed into that interpreter it produces a certain intended result.

    20. Re:OK, now what... by PeterBrett · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The fact that we typically view pdfs and mp3s as data vs programs is really, at the technical level, pretty arbitrary. Its not hard to imagine that we could build a machine that ran either as "programs".

      Don't forget that some files almost always considered as data -- PostScript files -- literally are programs. They cannot be viewed or printed without being executed.

      There are, of course, many other examples.

    21. Re:OK, now what... by Boetsj · · Score: 1

      argh, mis-moderated, posting to remove.

    22. Re:OK, now what... by gnasher719 · · Score: 1

      Don't forget that some files almost always considered as data -- PostScript files -- literally are programs. They cannot be viewed or printed without being executed.

      What? Most PostScript files that are generated nowadays, especially those created by a printer driver, are so trivial that they can be converted into PDF mechanically, without ever executing the PostScript code.

    23. Re:OK, now what... by L4t3r4lu5 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      If you were to take the fraction of a second of audio "stored" in the wire between the stylus and the amp, and the amp to the speakers only, would it be recognisable as a portion of the copyrighted work?

      Would the 1.2s of audio stored in RAM be recognisable?

      This question also would cause issues for any company which used anti-skip technology in a portable CD player (play from cache), up to 10 seconds of audio in a lot of cases. That would be MORE than recognisable.

      --
      Finally had enough. Come see us over at https://soylentnews.org/
    24. Re:OK, now what... by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

      That would be MORE than recognisable.

      Which is a ridiculous criterion. If that copy cannot be used for distribution purposes, and is essential to the operation of said device, there is no rational reason to be concerned about the existence of such a "copy" (and I use the term loosely.) The RIAA has used this nonsense about illegal copies resident in a transient buffer as a weak rationalization for suppression of technologies it doesn't happen to like.

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    25. Re:OK, now what... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Some really nice (for forensics analysts) software keeps a log of when the software was started and shut down, if the creation time of a file falls within the log, you can add up the time and say that the client distributed that file for the duration that the logs said the software was active.

      I'm curious, how does that forensic software achieve that without being installed before the application was started?

    26. Re:OK, now what... by Drakkenmensch · · Score: 1

      The logical absurdity can be one-upped once more here. Has the RIAA considered that each one of us who hears a song carries a permanent illegal copy of the song stored within their brain as a pattern of neuron connections?

    27. Re:OK, now what... by dkf · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I personally think that copies which exist only in RAM should not be considered copies at all, but we would need the Supreme Court to reach that question to know for sure.

      I'd hate to want to argue that since it is possible to construct a device which would hold persistent (at least on the scale of weeks) copies of media files purely in RAM, perhaps by mounting a ramdisk and preventing that memory from being paged out to disk. To me, it is the purpose of the copying that is important; if it is just a normal technical part of the process of playing that media file (assuming that the originating copy of the file has been legally acquired) then it is a clearly fair use, whereas putting it up on a website (however implemented) is a clearly unfair use (again, with some basic assumptions).

      --
      "Little does he know, but there is no 'I' in 'Idiot'!"
    28. Re:OK, now what... by Quothz · · Score: 1

      I personally think that copies which exist only in RAM should not be considered copies at all, but we would need the Supreme Court to reach that question to know for sure.

      That's a good generalization but it'd be bad if it became a fixed rule. It'd be pretty trivial to abuse by using volatile memory as long-term mass storage. It also ignores the matter of virtual memory.

      A better rule would be a guideline based on duration, percentage, and purpose. Again, the principle is sound, but an actual ruling to that effect would need some qualification.

    29. Re:OK, now what... by Just+Some+Guy · · Score: 1

      I personally think that copies which exist only in RAM should not be considered copies at all

      Computer geeks are really very much like lawyers, you know? For example, were that the law, I think battery-backed RAM drives would fly off the shelves soon after.

      --
      Dewey, what part of this looks like authorities should be involved?
    30. Re:OK, now what... by hesiod · · Score: 1

      all the commentators are no better than random guessers

      You don't watch enough Poker. A skilled commentator can have a very good idea what might be in a player's hand based on how they play. It's not guaranteed of course, but it's damn sure better than "random guessing".

    31. Re:OK, now what... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      Thing is, the RIAA's "junk science" never gets challenged. Here are the statistics for ~40,000 cases: 1. Number of times the RIAA's "investigator" and sole witness has been deposed: 0 2. Number of times the RIAA's expert witness has been deposed: 1.

      Now, I find that remarkable. To be honest, at face value it doesn't speak well for the quality of representation those defendants had.

      No it does not. Defendants in RIAA cases have NOT had the quality of representation they need and deserve in order to fight this scourge. Our justice system has let them down.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    32. Re:OK, now what... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      As a side note, Peak Electronics was unable to appeal this to the Supreme Court because they ran out of money.

      Yes I have always felt MAI was wrongly decided. I hope the Supreme Court gets hold of the issue and reverses MIA. I don't know the procedural context of Cartoon Networks well enough to know whether that issue would be ripe for determination, but if it is, I would like to see them recognize that no 'copy' has been made while something is floating in the ether -- i.e. while it is in RAM.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    33. Re:OK, now what... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      I personally think that copies which exist only in RAM should not be considered copies at all, but we would need the Supreme Court to reach that question to know for sure.

      That's a good generalization but it'd be bad if it became a fixed rule. It'd be pretty trivial to abuse by using volatile memory as long-term mass storage. It also ignores the matter of virtual memory.

      1. Of course it ignores virtual memory, I wasn't talking about virtual memory, I was talking about RAM.

      2. To maintain a version in volatile memory would violate other rights which inhere in copyright, but not the copying part.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    34. Re:OK, now what... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't understand how just finding a .torrent file could possibly be considered solid evidence of downloading files. If you find a pipe in a suspect's house, that is not sufficient evidence to convict them of buying 5lbs of drugs.

      Even if there is a torrent file and the corresponding mp3s with matching hashes, I don't see how this is anything more than circumstantial evidence of uploading. If user ripped the same CD with the same software as the torrent creator, then encoded with the same software and same settings, you would expect this result without user ever opening the torrent. Right?

      Further, let us say the user has a legit copy of the album, torrent software installed, the file [album.torrent] present, and the corresponding media files in the download folder the torrent software points to. In the absence of torrent logs, there is no way to know that user set their upload rate to something other than zero, or blocked uploading at some other (hardware) level.

      Isn't this specifically why they have mediasentry or whatever front they're using now? Only actually fetching a chunk of the file from the user is proof of unauthorized distribution.

      Or are judges/juries not this skeptical in actual trials?

    35. Re:OK, now what... by Chabo · · Score: 1

      the wires leading from a phonograph's cartridge through the amplifier to the speakers are transiently storing a portion of the copyrighted signal.

      That's known as the "analog hole". Please do try to keep up with the discussion.

      --
      Convert FLACs to a portable format with FlacSquisher
    36. Re:OK, now what... by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

      the wires leading from a phonograph's cartridge through the amplifier to the speakers are transiently storing a portion of the copyrighted signal.

      That's known as the "analog hole". Please do try to keep up with the discussion.

      Whoosh!!!!

      --
      The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
    37. Re:OK, now what... by Chabo · · Score: 1

      Sorry, I was trying to word that into a joke, but now that I read it again, it just sounds condescending.

      --
      Convert FLACs to a portable format with FlacSquisher
    38. Re:OK, now what... by Quothz · · Score: 1

      1. Of course it ignores virtual memory, I wasn't talking about virtual memory, I was talking about RAM. 2. To maintain a version in volatile memory would violate other rights which inhere in copyright, but not the copying part.

      Sorry for the late reply; overlooked your response at first. I know you're a sharp guy, Ray, but this response tells me you've overlooked a little homework: Virtual memory is a concept you should be aware of and acknowledge whenever you talk about RAM in any context. A VM operation swaps data between RAM and disk space, treating the disk space as a sort-of extension to the RAM. Any rule that includes RAM and excludes VM is worthless, because data are exchanged between them routinely. (And because VM is a feature common to all popular operating systems today.)

      The second issue is more subtle. If the rule is more lenient for RAM (volatile memory) than disk storage, there's very little preventing circumvention by using RAM as storage. I'm don't believe you can distinguish between copies intended as permanent merely because one requires a small electrical current to maintain.

  6. That sounds reasonable... by Sooner+Boomer · · Score: 1

    Not having actually read any of Ray's excellent references he cites, the proceedure he outlines sounds reasonable. Just because a person stands accused in court (civil or criminal) does not mean they are automaticly guilty or that they should lose the protection of the law. In fact IMNSHO, they should receive greater protections. Just out of curiosity,Ray, if one were so inclined, how could an individual (or group) file an amicus brief with a court? Is there a boilerplate example to reference?

    --
    Chaos maximizes locally around me.
    1. Re:That sounds reasonable... by Tanktalus · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Just out of curiosity,Ray, if one were so inclined, how could an individual (or group) file an amicus brief with a court? Is there a boilerplate example to reference?

      IANAL, but it goes something like this: first, you hire a lawyer...

    2. Re:That sounds reasonable... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Just out of curiosity,Ray, if one were so inclined, how could an individual (or group) file an amicus brief with a court? Is there a boilerplate example to reference?

      There's no such thing as boilerplate, the way I look at it. Legal documents have consequences, and need to be drafted with reference to the situation at hand. I have actually submitted an amicus brief, and a revised amicus brief, in this very case, on the subject of the due process evaluation of the RIAA's statutory damages theory. Here and here.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    3. Re:That sounds reasonable... by Jah-Wren+Ryel · · Score: 5, Funny

      There's no such thing as boilerplate, the way I look at it. Legal documents have consequences, and need to be drafted with reference to the situation at hand. I have actually submitted an amicus brief, and a revised amicus brief, in this very case,

      Great! We can we can just cut-n-paste yours and fill it in with our own points.

      --
      When information is power, privacy is freedom.
    4. Re:That sounds reasonable... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 4, Interesting

      There's no such thing as boilerplate, the way I look at it. Legal documents have consequences, and need to be drafted with reference to the situation at hand. I have actually submitted an amicus brief, and a revised amicus brief, in this very case,

      Great! We can we can just cut-n-paste yours and fill it in with our own points.

      Thanks for bringing a smile to my weary face. You deserved your "Funny" mod.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    5. Re:That sounds reasonable... by Sooner+Boomer · · Score: 1

      Just out of curiosity,Ray, if one were so inclined, how could an individual (or group) file an amicus brief with a court? Is there a boilerplate example to reference?

      IANAL, but it goes something like this: first, you hire a lawyer...

      But that's the whole point. I'm an engineer. I know more about computers than the judge does. I want to give reasonable, logical direction in a technical subject to the judge. Yes, there is probably some bias to my point of view, but it's up to the judge to determine the amount, and whether or not to believe my information. Since IANAL, I don't know whether the information in an amicus brief is evidence. I'm certainly not going to lie!

      --
      Chaos maximizes locally around me.
    6. Re:That sounds reasonable... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      No, an amicus brief would not usually be the place to put in evidence of that nature, but there have been amicus briefs which discussed factual issues, such as social and economic conditions in society, and things of that nature, which were called "Brandeis briefs", named after late Sup. Ct. Justice Brandeis from his days as an appellate lawyer.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    7. Re:That sounds reasonable... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Great! We can we can just cut-n-paste yours and fill it in with our own points.

      No, then you'd be infringing on his copyright. :-)

    8. Re:That sounds reasonable... by RobertM1968 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Ray, something else to add to your arsenal (I mentioned here elsewhere). The existence of a "shared" directory does not mean anything was or could be shared with various BitTorrent clients. Various I have used require a shared directory set, but then allow a user to either (a) not actively share it (it exists, it can be shared later, but it isnt currently being shared), or (b) set the upload rate to zero while still "sharing" it (ie: aint gonna do a thing at 0bps even though it is "shared").

      Methinks in many cases, the **AA should thus not be able to rely on the existence of a shared folder (and/or it's contents) as any sort of indication of sharing. And of course, as you have probably already thought of, even if shared, it gives no indication that the files in question were in such a folder when it was being actively shared.

      I'd think the most the RIAA could prove from a shared folder is that the folder exists, it has certain content in it and... hmmm... well, that's it without actual proof that the torrent client actually shared anything.

    9. Re:That sounds reasonable... by NormalVisual · · Score: 1

      Ask for BeckerBriefs(tm) by name! Available at your nearest office supply store.

      --
      Please stand clear of the doors, por favor mantenganse alejado de las puertas
    10. Re:That sounds reasonable... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      Ask for BeckerBriefs(tm) by name! Available at your nearest office supply store.

      Leave it to my friends at Slashdot to find a way for me to finally 'monetize'.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    11. Re:That sounds reasonable... by NormalVisual · · Score: 1

      After you've ponied up the appropriate licensing fees for the idea, of course...

      --
      Please stand clear of the doors, por favor mantenganse alejado de las puertas
    12. Re:That sounds reasonable... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This. Yes.

      Further, it is common for bittorrent software behind a router with default configuration to fail to upload. It seems extremely reasonable to imagine sharing being blocked (intentionally or not) at some hardware level. How could RIAA argue this problem away?

      How about an analogy:

      If you have a drug suspect and you find a pipe in their possession that tests positive for marijuana residue, that is not evidence of intent to sell!

    13. Re:That sounds reasonable... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Ray, as I read the original question from the engineer I guess what he meant was something like how does the coversheet stuff must look, how such an amicus brief must be named and addressed correctly what it is with this "Proof of Service" stuff at the end of each document, so on and so forth.

      That an amicus brief must be drafted with references to the case at hand where you want to be a more technology knowledgeable friend of/to the court/judge, I guess that is clear.

      (Of course when this engineer is not knowledgeable about the form of such a brief, a boilerplate one "PLAINTIFFS NAMES HERE, DEFENDANTS NAME THERE, CASE NUMBER IN THAT CORNER, "AMICUS CURIAE BRIEF OF put in name OVER THERE, HERE THE TEXT OF WHAT YOU WANT TO EXPLAIN THE JUDGE, SIGNING AND SWEARING THERE IN THIS AND THAT FASHION ect. and explaining what belong where and how it must be stiled could help him. If you will, a form letter skeleton that he just can fill out like a form letter the RIAA fills out and check mark some points when they sue someone.

      [And of course if everything fails he could post the brief as a form free "amicus curiae comment" on your blog. The endorsement entry seems to indicate that "curiae" somehow gets notice of those) :-)

      --
      A_F

  7. In other news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    people have started storing their music as ".mov" files for saft er quality.

  8. Thoughts.... by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 4, Interesting

    If they're only allowed to examine music files, then what if:

    You came up with your own file extension (eg. .ffm - file for music) and renamed all your mp3's to .ffm.

    Then, configure Windows to open .ffm files with WMP, Mediamonkey, or whatever.

    A forensics expert isn't going to have the option of booting the Windows install on the HD, and since .ffm isn't a standard music file, and they can only examine music files, you've just completely hidden all your music from investigation.

    Not secure, by any means, but I can't see how they'd get any evidence without breaking the court order.
    And then, you can prove they broke the court order, because everything they claim was an mp3 file was examined thinking it wasn't an mp3 file.

    Interesting, no?

    --
    "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    1. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      the md5 HASH will still be the same, regardless of the extension.

    2. Re:Thoughts.... by TinBromide · · Score: 5, Informative

      Oldest trick in the book. Change .jpg files to .doc or .xyz and the FBI won't think to look for your CP in those extensions? Not exactly. Modern forensics software looks at the first 4 bytes of a file and can tell you what kind of file a piece of data declares itself as. If you change one or all of those bytes but some forensic software can do a data-carving and pull out multi-media data from a hard drive, revealing all of your miley cyrus mp3s.

      --
      Is it sad that I am more likely to recognize you and your posts by your sig than your name or UID?
    3. Re:Thoughts.... by CountOfJesusChristo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I just tried this on Ubuntu, and the file was still recognized (mime-type definitions include more than file extensions in Linux, such as file headers, etc). So if they're booting into a Linux live session, this would presumably fail as an evasive technique.

    4. Re:Thoughts.... by Darkness404 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Not really. I can take the same CD and have an infinite amount of MD5 hashes due to the file format (for example a 96KBS MP3 will be different than a 256Kbs MP3, a 96KBS OGG will be different too, etc). But as another poster said, most forensics software looks at the header and can quickly determine the file.

      --
      Taxation is legalized theft, no more, no less.
    5. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      Silly old fashioned Windows. Use file to get the file type and don't be silly about such things as file extensions.

    6. Re:Thoughts.... by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Your general point, that a variety of techniques that would qualify as obfuscation or even steganography, could be used to evade this search is perfectly valid.

      However, I don't think that "they can only examine music files" means what your post suggests. A file is just a collection of bits. To know what it is, or what it isn't, you have to examine at least part of it, there is no alternative. You can look at the file suffix, you can look at the magic numbers, you can look for distinctive attributes of a given file format, you can draw other inferences(Hmm, I see a "Black Sabbath" directory, with a "Paranoid" directory inside it and, inside that, 8 ".doc" files that have well formed ID3v2 tags... What a coincidence...).

      Any file that doesn't appear to be music related would be inadmissible as evidence, and the forensics guy would be, arguably, guilty of misconduct if he poked any further than necessary to determine that a file isn't music; but it wouldn't stop him from checking each one. I'd be analogous to a court order to look for ransom notes you had written: Letters to your grandmother would be out of bounds; but that wouldn't mean that you could make anything inadmissible just by writing her address on the envelope.

    7. Re:Thoughts.... by T+Murphy · · Score: 4, Funny

      renamed all your mp3's to .ffm

      They violated the court order, your Honor- there is no way they could have known C:\music\Beatles\Sgt._Peppers_Lonely_Hearts_Club_Band\Lucy_in_the_Sky_With_Diamonds.ffm was a music file!

    8. Re:Thoughts.... by jonwil · · Score: 1

      If the expert is only allowed to look for music files, store your music as video clips with empty/blank video streams.
      Such files would even play on iPhones and iPods touch/video/classic/nano
      Should be easy to rig up a patch to FFMPEG that can convert a MP3 file into an AVI or MPEG container with MPEG layer 3 audio and an empty video stream in whichever codec will produce the smallest filesize (and is supported on your player/portable device of choice). Should even be possible to have it done without re-compressing the MP3 (so no loss of quality)

      Since the files would have .mpg or .avi extension and would have MPEG/AVI signatures, even if the expert ran a signature check to look for MP3 audio files stored with another name by searching for the signature that specifies it as a MP3 file (I don't know if the court rules would allow this or not), they still wouldnt find any audio files.

    9. Re:Thoughts.... by CountOfJesusChristo · · Score: 1
      As a followup, here is the mime-type definition for mp3 found (on Ubuntu) in /usr/share/mime/packages/freedesktop.org.xml, with some language aliases omitted.

      <mime-type type="audio/mpeg">
      <comment>MP3 audio</comment>
      <alias type="audio/x-mp3"/>
      <alias type="audio/x-mpeg"/>
      <alias type="audio/mp3"/>
      <magic priority="50">
      <match value="0xfffb" type="big32" offset="0"/>
      <match value="ID3" type="string" offset="0"/>
      </magic>
      <glob pattern="*.mp3"/>
      <glob pattern="*.mpga"/>
      </mime-type>

      So in addition to using file extensions, it also seems to be looking for a header value and a string containingn "ID3" at specific locations. Now if you wanted to write your own mp3 decoder (or modify a FOSS one) that would work properly with these values absent...they'll just find it some other way. Probably better to get something liek TrueCrypt, provided you can not be compelled to reveal the passwords.

    10. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Modern Operating Systems look at the first 4 bytes of a file and can tell you what kind of file a piece of data declares itself as.

      Fixed that for you.

    11. Re:Thoughts.... by Gothmolly · · Score: 0, Flamebait

      "some forensic software" = the 'file' command

      How are you other than -1, Retarded ?

      --
      I want to delete my account but Slashdot doesn't allow it.
    12. Re:Thoughts.... by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 4, Insightful

      But in this case, the forensics expert isn't allowed to look at anything but music files.

      So looking at this four byte header for every file on the computer is obviously looking at more than music files.

      This isn't the FBI we're talking about. Sure, if they're looking for terrists, they'll look at everything on your drive, and damn whatever the court says.

      But this is the RIAA's chosen forensic expert, who's been given strict orders to not look at anything other than music files.

      If they can't tell if it's a music file without examining the file, then they're screwed.

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    13. Re:Thoughts.... by actionbastard · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Simply changing the ID3 info for the file will change the hash.

      --
      Sig this!
    14. Re:Thoughts.... by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      But using Linux would violate the court order, because it would examine every file on the machine, rather than just music files.

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    15. Re:Thoughts.... by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      But the file command examines the file.
      If it's a music file, they're fine.
      If it turns out it's not a music file, they've violated the court order.

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    16. Re:Thoughts.... by shentino · · Score: 1

      Shuddap...don't give them IDEAS man!

    17. Re:Thoughts.... by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      No, but C:\Data\Customer\BTL\SP\LSWD.ffm sure as hell doesn't look like it.

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    18. Re:Thoughts.... by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      Until the MPAA comes looking..... :)

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    19. Re:Thoughts.... by beav007 · · Score: 1

      Unfortunately, you'd probably lose ID3 information, but other than that, not a bad idea.

    20. Re:Thoughts.... by __aasqbs9791 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Would it really? I mean, even a simple search for *.mp3 would technically look at every single file, it just responds with the ones that have that extension. So greping through the first 4 bytes over every file isn't really that different. Yes, you have to open the file, rather than just looking at the inode (or equivalent) but I doubt a judge would see it differently if an "expert" said this was the only way (though I suppose the defendant's expert witness could argue differently. I doubt the judge would really understand the difference as most people haven't the foggest as to what the diff is.

    21. Re:Thoughts.... by Repton · · Score: 2, Interesting

      So, you're going to give your music files obfuscated names and locations? You'd better not import them into WMP or iTunes or any other media player with a database, otherwise the investigators will just look there to find out where the files are. Better clear your "recently played" lists from your media player, too, and take any shortcuts off your desktop.

      ...I mean, WTF? How much value do you put on your time and frustration? Just buy the bloody stuff already!

      --
      Repton.
      They say that only an experienced wizard can do the tengu shuffle.
    22. Re:Thoughts.... by sumdumass · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Not really. The forensic expert wouldn't technically be looking at anything the software doesn't pin as a music file.

      The software can anonymously (can't think of the word I want but this is close enough) scan through each file and only log or flag the ones labeled as music then after a more thorough check, report only what is music files as to what the case is about. The forensic expert will by the very nature of the game need to look at files other then what is ordered in order to make his report. What he can't do is list any files not in the order nor disclose any information about them.

      Imagine if I told you to pick me out of a crowd. You would have to look at other people to find me. Not even if you used facial recognition software, you would still have to look at other people to find me. It's the same in the forensic world, however, you wouldn't be allowed to identify or report the identity of anyone else in the crowd if the judge made a similar order to your searching just for me. The order won't defeat the technical aspects of the search, just limit the disclosure and discovery of anything not outlined in the order.

    23. Re:Thoughts.... by Zordak · · Score: 3, Insightful

      It's not the forensic expert looking at the files. It's an automated tool. Carried to its extreme, the same logic would say the tool can't look at the filename. The tool has to look at all the files. The person only gets to look at the ones that are music files.

      --

      Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
    24. Re:Thoughts.... by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      It would be trivial enough and in fact make more sense to checksum the mp3 data sans id tag.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    25. Re:Thoughts.... by Alarindris · · Score: 1

      )

      You dropped this.

    26. Re:Thoughts.... by blueg3 · · Score: 1

      Booting the Windows install on the hard drive may well be within their bounds, and it's certainly within technical limitations.

      Anyway, it's enormously unlikely that using an automated tool to examine all files' data to determine if they are music or not would qualify as "looking at" non-music files.

    27. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Dear cbitcliffe

      Thank you for your testimony, it will be useful to the RIAA when they appeal the court's order, as it shows exactly why a thorough forensic examination is necessary. Your expertise is appreciated.

    28. Re:Thoughts.... by Captian+Spazzz · · Score: 1

      Am I the only one who knows what a hidden encrypted partition in TrueCrypt is?!

    29. Re:Thoughts.... by moderatorrater · · Score: 1

      Not to be pedantic, but the judge just quashed the RIAA's attempt to be able to look at playlists.

    30. Re:Thoughts.... by __aasqbs9791 · · Score: 1

      I was wondering where that went!

    31. Re:Thoughts.... by eosp · · Score: 2, Insightful

      echo > ~/this-is-an-illegal-music-file.mp3

      Their program scans for anything with an mp3 extension. It finds this. Hey look, it's not music. Look how that would turn out.

    32. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      blah .. what the hell software are these "experts" using?

      find / -type f -exec file {} \; | grep Audio .. and you'll find most of whatever you're looking for. Yes, there are tools that will do block/byte level analysis beyond the first 4 bytes. And, yes you can use encrypted file systems (much easier in *IX). BUT, bottom line is you shouldn't NEED to rename or encrypt anything. We should not be subjected to such fishing expeditions in the first place. Adhere to the laws as we all know they were intended to be interpreted and leave the academic arguments over semantics to classrooms.

      We all know this is bullshit. We shouldn't need to enact new laws or add new clauses for how it _became_ bullshit, that is irrelevant. It is STILL BULLSHIT.

    33. Re:Thoughts.... by stonewallred · · Score: 1

      Truecrypt all your music files, and then what? If the guy can't read the data, how is he going to know what it is.

    34. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Just buy the bloody stuff already!

      What legal protection is afforded by the purchase of a $1 song? Do I need to save my receipt for 54 years? 154 years? Forever?

    35. Re:Thoughts.... by atraintocry · · Score: 1

      They could always do an off-the-record search, get the right inodes (or whatever, depending on fs) and then do another pass under strict enough conditions to allow it to be evidence, but with the knowledge of where to look.

      Maybe someone with more knowledge will say this isn't allowed but I was under the impression that it's not that the forensics expert isn't really banned from scanning the drive using a particular tool, it's just that the evidence has to meet certain strict requirements.

      Sort of like doing the problem on your calculator and then going back and showing the steps once you know you've got it right :)

    36. Re:Thoughts.... by Matrix2110 · · Score: 1

      .. WTF? How much value do you put on your time and frustration? Just buy the bloody stuff already!

      Already have.

      This is a major point, how many times do I have to pay for a format transfer? How long do I have to keep my 33LP records to prove I own the music?

      At what point does the iconic music from childhood pass into the public domain? (classic rock)

      In my lifetime working with media I thought the turning point in my life in the media industry was when a geek friend of mine introduced me to mp3's.

      I literally could not believe you could compress so much information into a small file and generate a faithful reproduction.

      Once you make that transfer you are not reliant on the media ever again.

      Thus, I stop spending money on the media and it really pisses off the *AA's. (Breakage Fees are history)

      Now suppose I want to lend a friend a copy to listen to?

      Do I drag out the crusty old 33 record for him to listen on his non-existent player?

      Nope, Gonna hand him a stick with the file or email it to him.

      This is what you call sharing.

      Generally, The friend would like my recommendation and seek more and if they like it would acquire more of the same on there own. IE. Buying the CD or DVD for themselves.

      Generating money for the artists (cough) and everybody's happy except my friend and myself don't really much incentive to do a format change.

      This really pisses off the *AA's.

      Further, Following the simple logic of my example of one sharing with my friend and he does whatever he does and multiply that by the power of the internet, the lack of control must be truly breathtaking. (Lack of Breakage Fees)

      This truly why they angry.

      Does that help?

    37. Re:Thoughts.... by rdnetto · · Score: 1

      Or even better, just store it on an encrypted partition or use an esoteric lossless codec. Maybe .ape or .tta, but probably not .flac

      --
      Most human behaviour can be explained in terms of identity.
    38. Re:Thoughts.... by 91degrees · · Score: 1

      Encrypted partition - good. Esoteric codec - security by obscurity. You're guessing that you're going to come up with an idea that the forensics guys can't. You might be able to but you can't rely on it.

    39. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What kind of an argument is that?

      "I didn't look at the files, my software did. (The bit patterns are too hard to interpret anyway)"

      If the order specifically says that the expert is not to look at any file but the music files, then that order is self-defeating and should not be given. But if it is given, there are no two ways3 about it.

      Looking at the file system to know a file's name, size, etc is not the same as opening the file. In any way. There's no extreme to carry this to.

    40. Re:Thoughts.... by harl · · Score: 1

      You're relying on a major assumption, that they can only search based on extension.

      What is they are using a program that scans each file to see if it's a music file? If the third party expert is doing it and only turns over verified music files to the RIAA then how does it violate the order?

      --
      I find being offended by me offensive.
    41. Re:Thoughts.... by harl · · Score: 1

      That's nonsensical.

      You're saying they're only allowed to look inside envelopes that contain lined paper. Yet the only way to check what type of paper it is is to open the envelope.

      By your logic if I rename a non-music file .mp3 and they open it they violate the order. That's just not the case.

      You're missing the point of the forensic expert. The goal is to keep RIAA honest. The forensic expert looks at everything and only gives the RIAA the music files. By order nothing more.

      How do you expect them to identify a music file without being able to look at it and see if it's a music file?

      --
      I find being offended by me offensive.
    42. Re:Thoughts.... by Philip_the_physicist · · Score: 1

      The obvious solution is to change the magic numbers in all your files, then mod file(1) to use your magic numbers instead. Without some heavy investigation of non-music files, they wouldn't be able to figure out what is music.

    43. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You think the court order requires the forensics expert to be using Windows - the only OS (OK, DOS and CP/M too) that uses the file name to identify file type?

    44. Re:Thoughts.... by sumdumass · · Score: 3, Informative

      If he can't read it then he can't read it. Of course he might report the procedure incomplete because of file encryption and the judge might look at it with skepticism.

      However, I have seen several replies about obfuscating the files in some way and your suggesting encryption. The problem is that having the files in the computer in and of itself isn't against the law or against what the lawsuit is about. what is at question is whether or not the files were being offered to anyone else and whether or not anyone else got them (distribution and copying outside of fair use). Your not really going to be able to share files that are encrypted unless you decrypt them or the partition they are on first. No one looking for Britney Spears latest hits will be looking for .doc or .ffm or .whatever files, they will be looking for a known file type by extention so they can use it.

      Now here is where the problem with these overly complex schemes come up. If your using true crypt to hide a sharing folder/partition, there will be markers in the file sharing software pointing to the directory and flags will be raised when everything is encrypted and the forensics software can't access it. If you download to a specific folder and then move it to another or change the file extension, there is/could be a good chance that a deleted file will remain in either meta data on the file system or it's actual content would remain as the file is rewritten from memory. I would hope that people know by now that a deleted file isn't actually deleted and secure erasing becomes more difficult with large drives and Logical Block addressing where the firmware on the drive controller interprets the file positions and acts as a middleman to the operating system (some of which has been addressed with native 48bit addressing in the IDE controllers). Most modern multiuser file system will also load a file into memory from the dive and instead of appending the existing information,>/a> it actually rewrite the file to another location and mark the old file as deleted.

      But to make obfuscating the files more complex, when you down load something to your encrypted location, the file doesn't directly go there. it goes to a temporary location to be reassembled first then copied over to the correct location. This could leave remnants of the files on the disk directly and/or possibly in the swap file that could be seen later with the correct tools. There for a while, people were able to pull credit card information entered into web browsers for online shopping from swap files on computers even after a couple of reboots. Also, the code for the true crypt could be stored in the swap file too and with the right tools, access and used to decode your super secrete partitions.

      Here is a brief article describing some of the places you should look to cover your ass with if your that concerned. Keep in mind that many applications keep their own cache which can expose information on it's own outside of the ones mentioned. Most P2P software will have a cache of torrents being served, it may also keep a history of them that can come back to bite you. Normally people won't have the means to be this thorough but the judge required a forensic examination buy the experts of the RIAA's choice which pretty much assures you that they will go that far considering the other lengths they have went to.

    45. Re:Thoughts.... by Daniel_Staal · · Score: 1

      Actually, if you wanted to do something like this, the best way would be to use the loophole the RIAA was trying to close and the judge re-opened: Simply open the file in some video-editing program, add a picture or two as a video track, and save.

      Now you have a music video that will likely be able to play in any recent music player program, and is immune to the search. It's a bit bigger, but disk space is cheap.

      --
      'Sensible' is a curse word.
    46. Re:Thoughts.... by fallen1 · · Score: 1

      The software can anonymously (can't think of the word I want but this is close enough) scan...

      I believe the word you are looking for would be unbiased in one form or another. Your sentence would be "The software can, without bias, scan each file..." The program should hold no specific bias, other than looking at the first four bytes of each file for a MUSIC based match. It could find 10,000 pornographic images or videos and should ignore them since that is not what the program was instructed to find.

      --

      Dream as if you'll live forever.
      Live as if you'll die tomorrow.
      ~Anonymous~

    47. Re:Thoughts.... by Maximum+Prophet · · Score: 1

      Sure, if they're looking for terrists, they'll look at everything on your drive, and damn whatever the court says.

      When the RIAA hires Jack Bauer, be afraid, be very afraid...

      He's fictional, so what? Most of what the RIAA has been doing in court is fictional anyway.

      --
      All ideas^H^H^H^H^Hprocesses in this post are Patent Pending. (as well as the process of patenting all postings)
    48. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Or how about just looking at the file header to determine the type? The utility "file" comes to my mind... I use it often when I end up with a file that I don't know the type.

    49. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Order specifically says that "it shall not include music "playlists" or any other type of media file (e.g., video);"

      Thus, even a scan for magic numbers is barred. The expert is SPECIFICALLY barred from looking inside any media file that is NOT audio, e.g. video.

      This means ONLY inspection of the directories for audio file types would be permitted, since this is the ONLY inspection that can be done without inspecting any of the contents of the prohibited files, which inspection is barred by the order.

      It also would appear to bar inspection of the free space area, as some of the deleted files recovered would be prohibited file types, and deleted files are no longer linked to a directory entry with a name and extension to identify a file type....

      Even the use of the linux "file" command would appear to be barred by the order, as this command opens the file to inspect the magic number.....

    50. Re:Thoughts.... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      When the RIAA hires Jack Bauer, be afraid, be very afraid...

      Jack wouldn't work for them; that would be like working for BlackHawk. He would be working for us.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    51. Re:Thoughts.... by cbiltcliffe · · Score: 1

      No. You're not.

      You're just the 28,415 person to suggest it.

      --
      "City hall" in German is "Rathaus" Kinda explains a few things......
    52. Re:Thoughts.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      well, nice Idea of yours, but there is a problem.
      Of course you are free (Not in the legal sense though since that might fly under derivative work!) to create a video with your fileshared mp3's.

      And those video files are actually NOT to be inspected and reported about.

      BUT what do you want to do with the problematic mp3's after all?

      Oh, you want to delete them so that you only have videos on the HDD?
      Not such a good idea!
      "Spoliation of evidence" gets you in much more trouble then a civil dispute with a RIAA member label!
       

    53. Re:Thoughts.... by rdnetto · · Score: 1

      That's why there's an encrypted partition. Security by obscurity is the weakest trick in the book, so its only there as a last resort.

      --
      Most human behaviour can be explained in terms of identity.
  9. At what point.... by Darkness404 · · Score: 1, Interesting

    At what point does a song lose copyright? For example, lets take an artist who has not legally released any music for digital downloads only for CDs. Because an MP3 of the song sounds different than the CD version can you argue that copyright has truly been violated? Or lets say that MP3 was then transcoded with some loss of quality, at what point can it be said that it wasn't the original recording? The case is rather cut and dry with purchased music (everything sold on iTunes is the same file minus some metadata) but with ripped music, there can be significant differences. Also, with metadata what happens if you legally obtain a copy of a good cover of a song by a different band, label it as the original band, can they then get you for copyright infringment based on the fact they can sue for a low-quality MP3?

    --
    Taxation is legalized theft, no more, no less.
    1. Re:At what point.... by krlynch · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's covered as a "derivative work", transcoding is clearly a derivative in this sense, and you would be screwed :-)

      17 U.S.C. Â 106) provides:

              Subject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following: (1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies...; (2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work; (3) to distribute copies...of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending....

      It is hard to see how transcoding or quality degradation would satisfy any of the "transformation" or "fair use" exceptions.

    2. Re:At what point.... by Darkness404 · · Score: 1

      But it still makes no sense. Its like buying a book, smudging the ink, making a copy of that, etc, until it is virtually unreadable. For example, lets say the phrase "I ate a cookie" is under copyright. I doubt that saying "I ate a cook" would be infringing on the phrase. Similarly "I ate" wouldn't be infringing on the phrase. Lets take this another step further and say I have a program that randomly picks A noun, past tense verb, a or an and another noun. And lets say it comes up with the phrase. Is that infringing it too? You see, its quite hard to randomly make an entire song, but when lawsuits are reached because of simple elements that could be randomly generated via aid of a computer, the lack of a solid MD5 sum or way of checking the real file, can lead to accidental infringement to the point where it makes no sense to prosecute based off impossible evidence. Essentially theres no way to prove, without a doubt that Brittney_spears.mp3 is really the newest Brittney Spears song. Sure, there may be hints, but in today's digital age it lacks solid evidence that can pass without reasonable doubt.

      --
      Taxation is legalized theft, no more, no less.
    3. Re:At what point.... by Ren+Hoak · · Score: 1

      If a jury listens to the original, and then listens to what you're pondering might no longer be the same, and concludes they're the same... time to open your wallet?

    4. Re:At what point.... by Dun+Malg · · Score: 1

      Going by memory, but I recall reading something from an early music copyright case that was something along the lines of "if 15 percent of the notes match" it's infringing...

      I can't seem to find any on google of it though...

      --
      If a job's not worth doing, it's not worth doing right.
    5. Re:At what point.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So an evasive technique might be to record yourself singing the songs without any of the original recordings and just name the files the same as the copyrighted files.

    6. Re:At what point.... by sFurbo · · Score: 1

      (everything sold on iTunes is the same file minus some metadata)

      Now now, I know it is popular to say that all pop music sounds identical, but I think that is taking it a bit too far.

    7. Re:At what point.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's covered as a "derivative work", transcoding is clearly a derivative in this sense, and you would be screwed :-)

      17 U.S.C. Â 106) provides:

              Subject to sections 107 through 122, the owner of copyright under this title has the exclusive rights to do and to authorize any of the following: (1) to reproduce the copyrighted work in copies...; (2) to prepare derivative works based upon the copyrighted work; (3) to distribute copies...of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending....

      It is hard to see how transcoding or quality degradation would satisfy any of the "transformation" or "fair use" exceptions.

      That's absurd. If I rip a CD into a 1 bit 8khz (fixed) frequency file, that's a derivative work under the law? That mean's going "dah nah nah nah , na na" is a copyright violation? That seems like the disingenuous interpretation of a corporate shill. Otherwise they songs they wrote are derived from words in dictionaries and therefore everything is copyrighted by Merriam Webster and Oxford.

  10. English? by Hatta · · Score: 1

    What's all that mean in English?

    --
    Give me Classic Slashdot or give me death!
    1. Re:English? by L4t3r4lu5 · · Score: 1

      A translation into Lay Man:

      RIAA: Yo, we'z want to search for other shizzle ma homies can use to shaft dis fool!Fo' sho'.

      Court: DENIED!*Bitchslap*

      All clear now?

      --
      Finally had enough. Come see us over at https://soylentnews.org/
  11. Wow! "Metadata"! by Bob9113 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    A judge used the term "metadata" correctly. That is a good technical concept to grasp. We geeks and our friends like NYCL (who may also be a geek - not trying to exclude) have been bandying it about for years, but to 99% of the population it is a pretty foreign term.

    Each example like this implies that the judicial is growing more familiar with technical concepts. That makes me happy. :)

    1. Re:Wow! "Metadata"! by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      A judge used the term "metadata" correctly. That is a good technical concept to grasp. We geeks and our friends like NYCL (who may also be a geek - not trying to exclude) have been bandying it about for years, but to 99% of the population it is a pretty foreign term. Each example like this implies that the judicial is growing more familiar with technical concepts. That makes me happy. :)

      Let us hope that that is the case.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    2. Re:Wow! "Metadata"! by Matrix2110 · · Score: 1

      A judge used the term "metadata" correctly. That is a good technical concept to grasp. We geeks and our friends like NYCL (who may also be a geek - not trying to exclude) have been bandying it about for years, but to 99% of the population it is a pretty foreign term.

      Each example like this implies that the judicial is growing more familiar with technical concepts. That makes me happy. :)

      To quote WOW players: WOOT!

    3. Re:Wow! "Metadata"! by mdielmann · · Score: 1

      to 99% of the population it is a pretty foreign term.

      I'm afraid that in this day and age 99% of the population has no clue about the meaning of prefixes, suffixes, root words, or their origins (often Greek and Latin). If they did, they'd have a good clue of what metadata is just from being able to read it.

      --
      Sure I'm paranoid, but am I paranoid enough?
  12. When the court and plaintiff clash... by erroneus · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It never bodes well. I remember when Microsoft was giving the EU court hell behaving as if it were a US court where they can appeal everything ad infinitum and eventually end up with whatever they want AND an official apology to boot.

    But here it's the plaintiff and the court butting heads. I'm not a lawyer... definitely not. But I have got to say, that when you give the people who are making a decision either for or against you a difficult time, it can't be terribly wise... it just can't be. Even the lay-people know the courts systems aren't completely fair. What manner of arrogant do you have to be to behave in this way?

    1. Re:When the court and plaintiff clash... by gordguide · · Score: 2, Funny

      " ... Even the lay-people know the courts systems aren't completely fair. What manner of arrogant do you have to be to behave in this way? ..."

      Why, that would be "RIAArogant.

  13. Playlists aren't music by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Someone plugs in their iPod to your system, you play their music off it, the iPod goes away with the music still on.

    No copyright infringement.

    Entry in a playlist.

    1. Re:Playlists aren't music by xouumalperxe · · Score: 1

      Which is why I said it was good enough for further investigation, rather than solid evidence of infringement in and of itself. Besides using an over-broad definition of playlist. For instance, static playlists in iTunes would count, and m3u file would count (both reasonably imply intention to reuse, and, therefore, reasonably easy access to the referred media). iTunes "times played" counter wouldn't, as per your argument.

    2. Re:Playlists aren't music by Shadow99_1 · · Score: 1

      You do know files form CD's can be on playlists to right...? As can streaming music. It's not such a stretch that nothing in a plalist is actually local to that machine...

      --
      we are all invisible unless we choose otherwise
    3. Re:Playlists aren't music by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 1

      Which is why I said it was good enough for further investigation

      Everything on the computer is "good enough for further investigation". This is not supposed to be a fishing expedition.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
  14. four notes is enough by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    And in 4/4 time at 90bps, that's less than 1 second, isn't it?

  15. Bad Tag! by harl · · Score: 1

    Who ever tagged this fifthamendment needs to read the fucking fifth amendment.

    This is akin to saying that you can't use ballistics info from my gun to prove I shot someone. That the blood and dent on the front of my car can't be used against me in a hit and run case.

    --
    I find being offended by me offensive.
  16. What will it be like in the end? by silver007 · · Score: 1

    Would anyone care to use chaos theory to predict the outcome of the many cases involving the RIAA? All these random judgements pretty much excludes logic as a reasonable tool in predicting the outcome.

  17. Including Wave files? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    (2) the inspection is limited to music sound files, metadata associated with music sound files, and information related to the file-sharing of music sound files â" it shall not include music "playlists" or any other type of media file (e.g., video);

    So...what does chimes.wav have to do with filesharing?

  18. It's "hear hear" by AnonymityCowardily · · Score: 1

    God damn it people! Get your phrases right! ~brought to you by your local friendly grammar nazi~

  19. O Tenenbaum by sexconker · · Score: 1

    O Tenenbaum