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Graphene Could Make Magnetic Memory 1000x Denser

KentuckyFC writes "The density of magnetic memory depends on the size of the magnetic domains used to store bits. The current state-of-the-art uses cobalt-based grains some 8nm across, each containing about 50,000 atoms. Materials scientists think they can shrink the grains to 15,000 atoms but any smaller than that and the crystal structure of the grains is lost. That's a problem because the cobalt has to be arranged in a hexagonal close packing structure to ensure the stability of its magnetic field. Otherwise the field can spontaneously reverse and the data is lost. Now a group of German physicists say they can trick a pair of cobalt atoms into thinking they are in a hexagonal close packing structure by bonding them to a hexagonal carbon ring such as graphene or benzene. That's handy because the magnetic field associated with cobalt dimers is calculated to be far more stable than the field in a cobalt grain. And graphene and benzene rings are only 0.5 nm across, a size that could allow an increase in memory density of three orders of magnitude."

123 comments

  1. More room, yay! by Knave75 · · Score: 3, Funny

    Sweet, more room for p0rn. I mean, more room to store my philosophical musings about the world we live in...

  2. Who controls magnetism... by Geoffrey.landis · · Score: 3, Interesting
    Diet Smith said, "He who controls magnetism, controls the world!"

    -- I'm just not sure he knew exactly how that would come out to be true!

    --
    http://www.geoffreylandis.com
    1. Re:Who controls magnetism... by AliasMarlowe · · Score: 0, Offtopic

      How exactly do you expect DHS to scan your exabyte disks at the border? Better gather all your porn and terrorism-related stuff into one convenient folder for them to find, so as not to inconvenience the dullards.
      And what about those poor MediaDefender buffoons? Scanning a few exabytes for Madonna's pathetic wails could take them years.

      --
      Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. - Voltaire
    2. Re:Who controls magnetism... by kestasjk · · Score: 1

      I hope he's right..

      -- Magneto

      --
      // MD_Update(&m,buf,j);
    3. Re:Who controls magnetism... by oodaloop · · Score: 1

      Must have been talking about Magneto.

      --
      Tic-Tac-Toe, Global Thermonuclear War, and relationships all have the same winning move.
    4. Re:Who controls magnetism... by peragrin · · Score: 2, Funny

      i just rename good files as porn image files.

      That way my data is hid by obscurity. And since it is porn it is freely shared thus backing up my data like a real man. by having the world mirror it.

      --
      i thought once I was found, but it was only a dream.
    5. Re:Who controls magnetism... by crispin_bollocks · · Score: 2, Informative

      Makes me think of the time I downloaded a very large app disguised as a .wav file - after three hours of downloading, Windows kindly told me it wasn't a valid wav - poof, gone!!

    6. Re:Who controls magnetism... by Mister+Whirly · · Score: 2, Informative

      Next time try Save As instead of Run and that won't happen. (BTW the file was most likely still in your TEMP folder, just named something unrecognizable. But recovery would have been possible most likely.)

      --
      "But this one goes to 11!"
    7. Re:Who controls magnetism... by Khyber · · Score: 1

      "by having the world mirror it."

      This fits in nicely with my personal motto:

      The internet is my file system. Bittorrent is my file browser.

      --
      Still waiting on Serviscope_minor to wake up to fucking reality and realize that Jessica Price isn't going to fuck him.
    8. Re:Who controls magnetism... by emlyncorrin · · Score: 1

      i just rename good files as porn image files.

      What, you mean you leave them unchanged then?

    9. Re:Who controls magnetism... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "...a group of German physicists say they can trick a pair of cobalt atoms [CC] [MD] [GC] into thinking"

      We also read /., so the trick is off now that we know.

      The Cobalts.

  3. 1000x denser by Finallyjoined!!! · · Score: 0, Redundant

    Now a group of German physicists say they can trick a pair of cobalt atoms into thinking they are in a hexagonal close packing structure by bonding them to a hexagonal carbon ring such as graphene or benzene.

    If only I could trick my pr0n collection into thinking (there's so much of it it's become self-aware) it's in a hexagonal close packing structure, I could archive onto 3½" floppies :-)

    --
    If I had an Ass, I'd call it Fanny Bottom, then I could slap my Ass; Fanny Bottom, on the Arse.
    1. Re:1000x denser by CarpetShark · · Score: 1

      If only I could trick my pr0n collection into thinking ...it's in a hexagonal close packing structure

      OK, just stop right there. Porn and beehives do NOT mix.

    2. Re:1000x denser by Shillo · · Score: 5, Funny

      OK, just stop right there. Porn and beehives do NOT mix.

      Rule 34.

      --
      I refuse to use .sig
    3. Re:1000x denser by Wingman+5 · · Score: 2, Funny
    4. Re:1000x denser by crispin_bollocks · · Score: 1

      I thought I'd seen everything, but I must have missed hexagonal close-packed pr0n - damn!

    5. Re:1000x denser by nidarus · · Score: 1

      OK, just stop right there. Porn and beehives do NOT mix.

      Rule 34.

      No exceptions.

  4. How to fill up the storage? by AliasMarlowe · · Score: 1

    It's already a challenge to fill a 60GB MP3 player with MP3s. I have 9TB of disks on the network at home, and it's less than half full, even with all of our CDs and DVDs ripped onto the server - and of the 9TB, we use 6TB as double backup of the 3TB primary storage.
    What's a person to do when disk capacities increase by another 3 orders of magnitude?

    --
    Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. - Voltaire
    1. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      dude - 9TB doesn't even store half my dvd collection, and my cd collection, ripped lossless takes up a helluva lot more than 60GB (collected over 23+ years) ....

    2. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Finallyjoined!!! · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What's a person to do when disk capacities increase by another 3 orders of magnitude?

      Storage requirement is going up, relentlessly:
      VCD = 700Mb
      DVD = 4.7Gb
      Dual-layer Blu-ray = 50Gb (potentially 100Gb; 4 layer @ 25Gb per layer.

      And don't forget that Ch-erman scientists never sleep:-)

      --
      If I had an Ass, I'd call it Fanny Bottom, then I could slap my Ass; Fanny Bottom, on the Arse.
    3. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You obviously don't have nearly enough pr0n.

      Seriously though: a smallish (300-bed) hospital in my area maintains a 48TB SAN for patient data until it's moved to permanent archival. The data stored there is typically never more than two months old - of course it's used for everything from daily patient notes to complete sets of CT-scans.

      I don't have any idea how much storage is in their archive - but I was told it's "a lot".

      I want to see a 1TB iPod Touch by 2011!

    4. Re:How to fill up the storage? by PoliticalGamer · · Score: 1

      I think this would mostly be used for archiving purposes (magnetic tape tends to last longer than most other storage mediums), in which case it would be fairly easy to fill up such space.

    5. Re:How to fill up the storage? by walt-sjc · · Score: 2, Informative

      You are thinking wrong. Instead of thinking of disk capacities increasing by 3 orders of magnitude, think of disks as shrinking nice and small (1 1/2"), using a lot less power and generating less heat yet being faster and storing twice the data of today's drives. Netbooks with the storage capacity of a large desktop of today.

    6. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      can i come over and copy some stuff!

    7. Re:How to fill up the storage? by mattack2 · · Score: 1

      If Tivo upgrades their software (and/or the Tivo tools developers figure out some upgrades), the storage will be useful to be able to record everything in HD and not fill up your drive darn quickly.

    8. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why quote single layer for DVD and dual layer for Blu-ray? Just wondering.

    9. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Quantumstate · · Score: 1

      Why would a smaller disk be faster? Data can be read more rapidly from the outside of a conventional hard disk because it moves more rapidly than the inside. So shrinking the disk would give a slower read unless you upped the rpm which would increase power.

    10. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How about datacenters that needs to make and store backups of thousands of servers? That would certainly fill up the storage (since all servers all full of pr0n)

    11. Re:How to fill up the storage? by MR.Mic · · Score: 1

      You're forgetting that data density also increases, which means a platter would have to rotate much slower to pass the same amount of information under a read head.

    12. Re:How to fill up the storage? by walt-sjc · · Score: 1

      Bing bing! You get the prize. The 2.5" SAS drives now common in rack servers are faster than their older 3.5" counterparts for this reason. You also have to remember that a smaller drive has a much shorter distance to seek as the outer track and inner track is much closer together. Tracks being closer together also means less movement track to track. Also means smaller heads, and smaller heads have less mass and are faster to move.

      It will be interesting to see how they design the heads as the density goes up so high. That is nearly as large of a problem as bit density.

    13. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Plekto · · Score: 1

      Tracks being closer together also means less movement track to track. Also means smaller heads, and smaller heads have less mass and are faster to move.

      Which I might add also means less power and heat, which is actually the biggest factor in a server room these days. At my work(not a special case by any means), the two massive redundant AC systems for the server room use almost as much power as the entire rest of the company and servers combined. If they were to fail, the entire room would shut down in about 5-10 minutes from excess heat/go into protection mode.

    14. Re:How to fill up the storage? by hesaigo999ca · · Score: 1

      Well you would use 1/3 less space, you could make the money back on those external drives you been hogging

    15. Re:How to fill up the storage? by CopaceticOpus · · Score: 1

      Netflix has over 100,000 discs. That's a nice round number for having a home library which has nearly everything you might want to watch, including movies, TV shows, documentaries, etc.

      Assuming everything is available on Blu-Ray and no compression is added, this will require 5,000 TB, or 5 PB. Three orders of magnitude is just right.

      If a disc has 3 hours of material, this would give you enough material to play non-stop for 35 years. However, the point is not to watch it all. The point is to have whatever you feel like seeing available immediately at very high quality and without dependence on a network.

    16. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Kjella · · Score: 1

      But your eyes and ears aren't growing exponentially more sensitive. Nothing with more bandwidth than the CD has really caught on, in fact 128kbps MP3S seem to be ok for many and 256kbps AAC enough for almost everyone. Pictures seem to have stabilized in the 5-10MP range for the consumer market - we'd rather have a practical size than huge dSLRs. The only thing really pushing the envelope is HD video, and that too is debatable. Compare a DVD upscale to a well made DVD-size h264 rip from BluRay source - it's incredibly much better without exceeding the size from 15 years ago. BluRay might be to movies what the CD is to audio, but the bluray rips are equal to mp3s.

      That, and there's bandwidth. If you have a 10Mbit+ line and can max it, why bother storing it unless you're a pack rat? You're already downloading at faster-than-real time, if only the torrent client had a little sense you could start near-instant play. Just yesterday I was looking at a new fiber provider that was offering up to 250/50 Mbit/s for residential customers. If you know you can get it again, why even bother saving it?

      --
      Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    17. Re:How to fill up the storage? by Bat+Country · · Score: 1

      That's a bit like stealing a horse everytime you're too lazy to walk instead of stealing a bicycle and keeping it.

      --
      The land shall stone them with the bread of his son.
  5. Not again! by camperdave · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Let me guess. They're going to stick this stuff to a platter and spin it past some sort of electromagnet. I want terabyte USB thumb drives, not yet another mechanical storage device.

    --
    When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    1. Re:Not again! by denis-The-menace · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I would worry too much.
      Tape seems to be on the way out because it can't keep up with the density requirements (Data silos anyone?)

      Some places now just mirror to other hard drives.
      -Some are smart and take those HDs off line and treat them like tapes.
      -Some are idiots and leave them online only to find them corrupt like the main disks (I read that somewhere...)

      Anyhow, it seems we are going to mimic Star Trek and just not bother to have backups for computer systems...

      --
      Obama's legacy: (N)othing (S)ecure (A)nywhere and (T)error (S)imulation (A)dministration
    2. Re:Not again! by basementman · · Score: 1

      Screw that, I want my humans thumbs to be made out of this stuff. Think about the gaming possibilities!

    3. Re:Not again! by sexconker · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Tape is still very much "in" if you're talking about long term storage.

    4. Re:Not again! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sorry dude, spinning magnetic media is just too cheap to lose at this point. Maybe when solid state solution are as reliable and cheap you will have your perfect world.

    5. Re:Not again! by steelfood · · Score: 1

      Anyhow, it seems we are going to mimic Star Trek and just not bother to have backups for computer systems...

      Or just put it up online and somebody somewhere will have a cached version of it within a few days. All you need to do is link to your webserver from your blog.

      --
      "If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be."
    6. Re:Not again! by sortius_nod · · Score: 1

      Indeed, I know of a government institution that just invested in a 7 loader tape library (read room).

      Tapes are not dead, and anyone who ignores their worth ends up paying the price.

    7. Re:Not again! by crispytwo · · Score: 1

      Clearly you've never tried to recover a tape! Especially problematic when the tape drive dies. How many tape drives do you have in stock?

      Long term - my ass! Reliable - bah! Cheap? no.

      Hard-drives are surprisingly superior.

    8. Re:Not again! by camperdave · · Score: 2, Informative

      Anyhow, it seems we are going to mimic Star Trek and just not bother to have backups for computer systems...

      The Enterprise keeps backups in a protected archive in the computer core. In Contagion, La Forge restores the corrupted memory caused by an Iconian probe by shutting down the computers, wiping the memory, and restoring systems from the protected archives.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    9. Re:Not again! by turing_m · · Score: 1

      I want terabyte USB thumb drives, not yet another mechanical storage device.

      That day may come sooner than I'd thought. It looks like they even have 256Gb thumb drives now, last time I checked the largest was only 32Gb (which is now the sweet spot in $/GB). I'd still like to have all the data I own on 1 disk with another disk or two as backup. If mechanical gets me there sooner so be it. Currently mechanical is 1/20 of the cost of USB flash, comparing lowest $/GB media. 10Tb HDDs should be here in 2013, according to Hitachi.

      But I can certainly understand the cool factor in terabyte thumb drives, especially with USB3 making an appearance. To be honest, my mind boggles at how far computing has come since the days of the C64 era. And there still will be a need for different storage media out to at least 5 years - USB flash for transporting data quickly on your person, SSD for anything requiring quick seeks, HDD for storing all your data at home. Hopefully there will also be something flash based to supersede tapes for archival purposes too.

      --
      If I have seen further it is by stealing the Intellectual Property of giants.
    10. Re:Not again! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Especially problematic when the tape drive dies.

      Worse, when a DLT drive dies with the tape inside of it. I had to dismantle one to retrieve a tape once, which obviously voided the warranty we were hoping to make use of (and destroyed the tape, too). Tapes are now encrypted despite this being a major pain in the ass (why do backup systems suck so bad?) as well as causing the compression ratio to drop.

    11. Re:Not again! by Anarchduke · · Score: 1

      Wow, yeah I remember loading games onto my Commodore using the "Datassette" cassette tape data drive. And learning to program in Basic.

      --
      who prays for Satan? Who in 18 centuries has had the humanity to pray for the 1 sinner that needed it most? ~Mark Twain
    12. Re:Not again! by afidel · · Score: 4, Informative

      No problems here, we have two of each generation of tape drive (prod+dr) and when we upgrade we retire them into storage instead of throwing them into the landfill. If our drives were inoperable or we couldn't get them hooked up easily there are companies out there that specialize in retrieval from tape. Beyond that the failure rate for LTO in my experience is vanishingly low, we put over 100 tapes a month through our libraries and I think we've had two failed tapes in the last 3 years and one of those was dropped on its edge so completely understandable. All our tapes go through verification on a different drive than wrote them and we do test restores both at prod and DR. My experience with DLT was almost as good. If you use anything cheaper than DLT then you aren't really using tape meant to be reliable IMHO. The farthest back we have been asked to go was 15 years for documents related to property taxes which can apparently be refiled for up to 20 years in some jurisdiction, no problem recovering the DLT tapes (well, there were filesystem and format problems, but nothing related to the tapes and even those were fairly easily overcome).

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    13. Re:Not again! by Jah-Wren+Ryel · · Score: 2, Informative

      Long term - my ass! Reliable - bah! Cheap? no.

      Hard-drives are surprisingly superior.

      Check out the BER on any modern tape and compare it to the BER on any hard disk.
      For example -
      Current model Seagate Barracuda ES drives - 1x10^-15.
      Current model HP LTO drives 1x10^-17.

      That's two orders of magnitude better. Furthermore, consumer grade disks which are significantly cheaper (and thus competitive with tape) tend to be an additional order of magnitude worse.

      --
      When information is power, privacy is freedom.
    14. Re:Not again! by glwtta · · Score: 1

      Especially problematic when the tape drive dies. How many tape drives do you have in stock?

      The thing is, I can get new tape drives, as many as necessary, in fact. With hard drives, you pretty much get the one shot (or it becomes impractically expensive).

      --
      sic transit gloria mundi
    15. Re:Not again! by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      I want petabyte hard drives to store and backup all the stuff that's too big to fit on my terabyte USB drives.

    16. Re:Not again! by Khyber · · Score: 1

      "I want terabyte USB thumb drives, not yet another mechanical storage device."

      Phase Change Memory to the rescue! the same glass substrate used in rewritable optical discs turned into a solid-state solution, with a couple of orders of magnitude more read/write cycles than current flash today.

      2.5" laptop drive holding about 5TB of data and being able to access any of it at above SATA-II speeds isn't even the start of this technology, FYI.

      --
      Still waiting on Serviscope_minor to wake up to fucking reality and realize that Jessica Price isn't going to fuck him.
    17. Re:Not again! by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      The first computer I owned which used solid state storage was a Psion Series 3. It was released in '93, and I think I got mine in '94. To give you some idea of how far things have come in 15 years:

      This machine had 256KB of RAM. The default storage was a RAM drive, so that 256KB was split between being used as main memory and for long-term storage. Under the keyboard was space for two SSDs, about the same size as Compact Flash (different shape though). I had one filled with a ROM containing a spreadsheet and one containing a 128KB flash disk.

      The flash disk cost me £30. It was a single cell, so every write increased the amount of space used. To reclaim space, you needed to format the disk, deleting everything at once. It was rated for something like 1,000 formats I think, possibly fewer. Read and write speeds were... slow. I'd guess around 1KB/s, but possibly even less than that.

      Today, for the same price (factoring in inflation), I can buy a 16GB SDHD card (CF seems to be about the same price). This is 2^17 times bigger or, to put it another way, the capacity for the same price has doubled 17 times in 15 years. The physical form factor is much smaller. It's now about as small as I'd want it to get; MicroSD is already small enough that it's very easy to lose. Transfer rates have kept up, and rewrite cycles are now closer to 1,000,000 for SLC, or a bit less for MLC.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    18. Re:Not again! by hesaigo999ca · · Score: 1

      You got way too much time on your hands!

    19. Re:Not again! by camperdave · · Score: 1

      You got way too much time on your hands!

      Perhaps, but not enough to figure out how to make money at it.

      --
      When our name is on the back of your car, we're behind you all the way!
    20. Re:Not again! by hesaigo999ca · · Score: 1

      ; ) toushay

  6. What a coincidence! by somersault · · Score: 5, Funny

    German physicists say they can trick a pair of cobalt atoms into thinking they are in a hexagonal close packing structure by bonding them to a hexagonal carbon ring such as graphene or benzene

    I have a friend who was tricked into thinking he was a hexagonal close packing structure after spending a bit too much time around benzene.

    --
    which is totally what she said
  7. Lets show 'em what a walkman can do! by gooseupfront · · Score: 2, Funny

    Does this mean my walkman will hold 45,000 minutes of music? take that iPod!

  8. AH! by alexborges · · Score: 1

    ....a size that could allow an increase in memory density of three orders of magnitude."

    So that is good, yes?

    --
    NO SIG
    1. Re:AH! by Profane+MuthaFucka · · Score: 2

      Yes, that's damn good. Three orders of magnitude is very roughly a full decade's worth of progress in the hard drive world. Whoever did the graphene work has really earned their pay.

      --
      Fascism trolls keeping me up every night. When I starts a preachin', he HITS ME WITH HIS REICH!
    2. Re:AH! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      i think this needs ca. ten Years of development, till devices hit the shelves.

      This is normal process in Storage development.
      Remember GMR and such

  9. More room but---- by KingPin27 · · Score: 4, Funny
    FTA:

    say they can trick a pair of cobalt atoms into thinking they are in a hexagonal close packing structure by bonding them to a hexagonal carbon ring such as graphene or benzene.

    ...

    the cobalt has to be arranged in a hexagonal close packing structure to ensure the stability of its magnetic field. Otherwise the field can spontaneously reverse and the data is lost.

    So one day the atoms might just realize that they've been tricked and you'll end up with your computer on fire because your benzene chains have all broken and you end up with 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

    --
    "i lost my dignity on a slippery wiener"
    1. Re:More room but---- by Red+Flayer · · Score: 1

      So one day the atoms might just realize that they've been tricked and you'll end up with your computer on fire because your benzene chains have all broken and you end up with 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

      Meh. That'll only be a problem for the overclockers with liquid nitrogen cooling. The rest of us will just end up with a pile of cobalt and a bunch of hexamethyl chickenwire.

      --
      "Trolls they were, but filled with the evil will of their master: a fell race..." -- J.R.R. Tolkien on Olog-hai
    2. Re:More room but---- by AliasMarlowe · · Score: 5, Informative

      So one day the atoms might just realize that they've been tricked and you'll end up with your computer on fire because your benzene chains have all broken and you end up with 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

      Actually, the explosive yield is greater if you omit the methyl group. Trinitrobenzene out-booms trinitrotoluene, but is harder to handle due to its lower stability.

      --
      Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. - Voltaire
    3. Re:More room but---- by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Wow. This thread of replies was one of the more nerdy ones I've ever seen. Nice job fellas.

    4. Re:More room but---- by dimeglio · · Score: 1

      the cobalt has to be arranged in a hexagonal close packing structure to ensure the stability of its magnetic field. Otherwise the field can spontaneously reverse and the data is lost.

      So one day the atoms might just realize that they've been tricked and you'll end up with your computer on fire because your benzene chains have all broken and you end up with
      2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene

      Yeah, and not to mention that cobalt atoms can be very nasty if they decide to isotope themselves. Will the EPA to allow them in PCs?

      --
      Views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the author.
    5. Re:More room but---- by abuelos84 · · Score: 0

      yeah, we like this stuff.

      --
      -- Counting backwards since 1984!
    6. Re:More room but---- by krenshala · · Score: 1

      Just goes to show, post quality is (usually) inversely proportional to /. id

      --

      krenshala

  10. Early beta tst by davidwr · · Score: 5, Funny

    I trhed an e"rlx be|a tast.( Uhe res7ltw w%ren/t so pretpyn

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
  11. Is there a difference? by davidwr · · Score: 4, Funny

    Sweet, more room for p0rn. I mean, more room to store my philosophical musings about the world we live in...

    And the difference is what again?

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
    1. Re:Is there a difference? by Jurily · · Score: 3, Funny

      There are more seeders for porn.

    2. Re:Is there a difference? by abuelos84 · · Score: 0

      Ha! Great!

      --
      -- Counting backwards since 1984!
    3. Re:Is there a difference? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are more seeders for porn.

      Seeders...porn...there's a joke in there somewhere, but I just can't quite put my finger on it.

    4. Re:Is there a difference? by Jah-Wren+Ryel · · Score: 1

      Sweet, more room for p0rn. I mean, more room to store my philosophical musings about the world we live in...

      And the difference is what again?

      One is for masturbation, the other is mental masturbation.

      --
      When information is power, privacy is freedom.
    5. Re:Is there a difference? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ha... finger...

    6. Re:Is there a difference? by tyrione · · Score: 1

      There are more seeders for porn.

      Gives new meaning to the passage entitled, ``THE WAY TO SUCCEED--AND THE WAY TO SUCK EGGS!

  12. Useless if the speed is the same by Macka · · Score: 1

    Well this is all fine and dandy for storage space, but what about performance? Drives are getting bigger all the time, but you're still stuck with spindles that rotate at the same speeds as the ones from last year, or the year before. I can't see anyone wanting to replace their speedy many-spindle database disk farm with a single 320TB disk that still spins at 10Krpm and only delivers ~125 IOPS. Performance is going to suck big time. All the top TPS benchmark results for example are achieved using 1000's of disks to max out the IO speed and make the database fly.

    1. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

      As data density increases, so does the rate at which it can be read. Assuming two orders of magnitude increase (100x) and individual bits staying roughly the same shape, the linear density increases by a single order of magnitude. (10x bits per track, 10x tracks). The drive will be able to read at 10x the speed.

      At 3 orders of magnitude, you can expect a read speed improvement of roughly 3000%. (sqrt(1000) ~31.6)

    2. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Who would do that?

      You run a database off of a decent RAID if you're worried about performance or data security. You wouldn't replace it all with one drive for the same reason that we haven't replaced our social security numbers with our initials.

    3. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by Macka · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Ok sequential IO is going to improve some as more data will pass under the head compared to todays disks. But Random IO isn't going to feel the same benefit because that's influenced more by Rotational Delay (fixed by spin speed) and the time it takes for the head to shift between tracks: Disk Seek. So your figures are going to be wildly off in real life.

    4. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by Chyeld · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Back when I was in college one of the 'cool' old Comp Sci professors had a tale he liked to share with his classes on the first day. I had him in a couple of classes, so I heard it over and over again. His presentation made it an amusing story if you could get over the fact that he smelt as if he lived in an ashtray.

      It seems that back in the mainframe days, the standard way of increasing storage size on your hard drives was to make a bigger platter. Seems rather simple, right? The storage size grows exponentially with its radius. So adding an inch each time can lead to some fairly nice results, and with some platters topping out at 24 inches, that's some space.

      Except....

      One day, the university ordered the 'latest' hard drive for one of their mainframes. I'm sure it was a behemoth, it probably held around 50 meg. The vendor came by and installed it, and everything seemed fine till a few months later when the drive seemed to start failing, at about 30% capacity, writes stopped working and anything written to seemed to have been corrupted. They were puzzled, but this is why such things service contracts. The vendor came out, replaced the drive, and everyone went on with life.

      Till it happened again, at about the same capacity. Another replacement was made and vendor was quite red-faced and explained that they seemed to have run into a batch of dud drives. All was forgiven and life went on.

      Till, it happened the third time. At this point, it was starting to embarrass everyone: The vendor, the people who ordered the hard drive in the first place, etc. So this time, instead of just allowing the vendor to take the drive back, the dean of the department demanded they diagnose the issue there on the spot.

      Now, this wasn't the age of the sealed drive cases, certainly drives were still kept 'clean' but we weren't to the point yet where a single grain of dust could wipe out megabytes of info (heck, even the 24 inch platters needed to be in arrays of 50+ just dream of hitting 100 meg) so cracking open the drive wasn't that big of a deal.

      So the vendor's tech, hoping to appease a clearly angry customer in the day and age when parts cost tens of thousands of dollars, popped open the drive.

      Want to guess what they found?

      Larger disks do indeed result in more surface area, but they also result in a higher centrifugal force on the edges. An increased force which the vendor apparently hadn't accounted for. Once the disks began to spin up, the glue holding the magnetic dust to the platter gave way, resulting in the platters being stripped clean after a certain radial length from the center. The disks themselves were fine up to that point, the dust was plastered to the case itself and when the platters came up to speed any dust that had fallen back onto them was once again flung up against the case.

      The reason why the disks didn't seem to fail till they reached a certain capacity was simply because they weren't being used in a RAM fashion but were being written to in a sequential manner. The outer portions of the platters were only being hit once the inner portions were written to.

      Perhaps the reason spindle speeds haven't gone up lately could be part of the same issue. Or perhaps I'm simply indulging in a bit of pointless nostalgia as I wait for this report I'm running to finish. Who knows...?

    5. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I wonder why the arm has only one head (& thus reads only one track at a time). Why can't they make an arm from the center to the edge and dot it with heads. I think it would dramatically reduce seek times.

      with 31.6x linear increase, the tracks will be that much closer. rotational delay will still be there.

    6. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by The+Slashdot+8Ball · · Score: 2, Informative

      The storage size grows exponentially with its radius.

      At a fixed data density (and a fixed number of platters), storage is proportional to the area of the platter, which is proportional to the square of the radius.

      Storage size grows quadratically with its radius, not exponentially.

    7. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      First, random IO is mainly dependent on seek time, not rotation speed.

      But we try to not do random IO at disks anyway, currently people are quite good at avoiding it.

    8. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by afidel · · Score: 1

      Worst case seek time is limited by rotational latency and the speed you can slam the head from the inside of the platter to the outside and get it under control. Luckily with increased density we are able to shrink the platters needed to achieve a given amount of storage thus decreasing the latter metric, the first should be shrinkable with decreased mass but the best I've seen is 20k rpm drives which never really took off. It's a very real limitation in today's enterprise, SSD's largely solve the problem but they are incredibly expensive per unit storage so they only get used in niche applications like the log volumes for high transaction databases (and the cache for our BI application in my most recent use case).

      --
      There are 4 boxes to use in the defense of liberty: soap, ballot, jury, ammo. Use in that order. Starting now.
    9. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by wagnerrp · · Score: 1

      Perhaps the reason spindle speeds haven't gone up lately could be part of the same issue. Or perhaps I'm simply indulging in a bit of pointless nostalgia as I wait for this report I'm running to finish. Who knows...?

      Close, but not quite. The 'dust' isn't going to fly off, but the disks will expand, throw off track alignment, and risk rubbing against other parts. The platters on a 7200RPM drive use almost the full 3.5", however the platters on a 10K or 15K drive are typically much smaller diameter.

    10. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by rdebath · · Score: 1

      You're pretty close, except it isn't the magnetic coating that gets flung off nowadays. It's the glass or metal disks themselves that start to ooze toward the edge of the drive.

      Then there's the momentum, if you're holding a running 15k drive and it's bearing seizes it has a very good chance of jumping out of your hand. (I've had that happen with a 7k2 drive, it didn't have much chance of escaping but it was very noticeable) Much more and it'll start damaging equipment around it.

      Both of these are good reasons for there not being any 5.25" hard drives anymore.

      Anyway huge storage isn't useless with slow access, it's just that it's "nearline" storage rather than "online" storage.

    11. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by rdebath · · Score: 1

      No, you currently avoid it in your applications by defragmenting, in effect paying the price of slow seeks when you're not waiting for the machine. In the worst case you will end up doing defragmentation all the time ...

      For applications that pressure the drives, ie databases, seek times are very, very important. A modern database system will tend to have multiple drives (doubling the number of drives halves the effective seek time ... IF you're lucky) and only uses the start of larger drives (reduces the seek time to little more than the rotational latency, the rotational latency of a 15k drive is 4ms). But even with this the seek times dominate the performance.

      Actual numbers: On a single 15k drive, if you manage to get 64k reads and writes it's just under 16Mbytes/s but an 8k block size gets you only TWO megabytes per second! Just imagine how much difference a flash drive that manages 200Mb/s random can make, even 40Mb/s is a massive improvement.

      This seek time problem is why the first database optimisation for ms-sql is to move the log file onto a distinct spindle from the database file.

    12. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by Khyber · · Score: 1

      http://www.ovonic.com/PDFs/media_room/ovonyx_ovonic-unified-memory_dec04.pdf (PDF WARNING)

      Why worry about random I/O on disk? :)

      --
      Still waiting on Serviscope_minor to wake up to fucking reality and realize that Jessica Price isn't going to fuck him.
    13. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1
      There are two factors affecting seek time. One is the rotational speed. For a 7200RPM disk, the worst-case time (i.e. if you want to read the sector behind the one you've just read) is 0.14ms. You may notice that this is more than an order of magnitude faster than the real seek time you get with a typical mechanical disk. That's because the rotation is the fast bit.

      The slow bit, which contributes most to the seek time, is the time it takes to accelerate the head sideways and then stop it on the correct track. You may have noticed that expensive server-grade disks have a much lower capacity than cheap disks for the same price. If you take one apart, you will notice that a 3.5" server disk has the same size - or sometimes smaller - platters as a laptop drive. It's starting to be common to use 2.5" disks for servers now. With a smaller disk, the head has less far to go and so you can get much better seek times. If you increase the storage density by a factor of 10, you can make disks that are the same capacity but have much smaller platters. This gives you much better seek times.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    14. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      For a 7200RPM disk, the worst-case time (i.e. if you want to read the sector behind the one you've just read) is 0.14ms.

      Not really - 7200RPM equals 1/120 s worst case latency, i.e. 8.33 ms. It's RPM, not RPS...

      Average latency is half of that, i.e. 4.17 ms, to this, the seek time has still to be added.

      Average latency on a 15k drive is 2 ms accordingly, again, seek time has still to be added.

    15. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by mkarcher · · Score: 1

      The storage size grows exponentially with its radius.

      At a fixed data density (and a fixed number of platters), storage is proportional to the area of the platter, which is proportional to the square of the radius. Storage size grows quadratically with its radius, not exponentially.

      2 is an exponent.

      .

      (I know, I know...)

      --

      These opinions are my own and not necessarily
      the opinions of God or any other supreme being.
    16. Re:Useless if the speed is the same by marcosdumay · · Score: 1

      The last time I heard about phase change memory we were at the XX century :) It is very nice to see that the idea didn't die, and somebody finaly discovered a way of manufacturing it that can scale. There is hope that it leaves the vapourware status now.

  13. No, but by davidwr · · Score: 0, Redundant

    bullshit is chemistry, straight from a bovine chemical factory.

    --
    Knowledge is how to play a game, intelligence is how to win, wisdom is knowing what game to play.
  14. Great for semicondcutors too by anexanhume · · Score: 1, Informative

    Graphene also has great potential for transistors. Graphene has insanely high electron and hole mobility characteristics, making it ideal for these devices. Devices of both types (n and p) have been fabricated in the lab: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphene#Integrated_circuits

  15. Math? by sdo1 · · Score: 1

    OK, what am I missing here? 0.5nm is 16 times smaller than 8nm. On a 2D platter, that's 256 times more dense, not 1000 times more dense.

    -S

    --
    --- What parts of "shall make no law", "shall not be infringed", and "shall not be violated" don't you understand?
    1. Re:Math? by speed+of+lightx2 · · Score: 1

      wow, that even greater than I expected. Seven orders of magnitude!

    2. Re:Math? by Anti_Climax · · Score: 1

      Not that it's necessarily the case, but I'd imagine there is some minimal spacing dictated by the strength of the magnetic fields in use. The smaller structures could allow for smaller spacing than would be allowable for their contemporaries.

      --
      Even people that believe in pre-destiny look both ways before crossing the street.
    3. Re:Math? by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      256 is 1000 in hard-disk marketing speak.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
  16. Experiment? by feranick · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Before I can get excited, I need to know when this is proven experimentally. The FTA refers to a calculation. There are lots of possible things that are achieved with a calculation, but translating it in practice is a totally different matter. BTW, I am an experimentalist nanoscientist (working on graphene, actually), part of my daily job is to prove that computational results can be achieved in reality.

  17. sounds dangerous by FudRucker · · Score: 1

    isnt benzene a carcinogen?

    Benzene

    --
    Politics is Treachery, Religion is Brainwashing
    1. Re:sounds dangerous by Anti_Climax · · Score: 1

      isnt benzene a carcinogen?

      Sure, but if it were to somehow leave the device, that would mean there are cells that can no longer function. I can't imagine this could make it in the market if any appreciable amount benzene could be "lost" after manufacturing.

      Though, if my math is correct, you only need about 1 picogram of Benzene for a Gigabyte worth of cells. Not worth considering even if it wasn't locked away inside a silicon and ceramic package...

      --
      Even people that believe in pre-destiny look both ways before crossing the street.
    2. Re:sounds dangerous by Jeremi · · Score: 1

      isnt benzene a carcinogen?

      Not to worry -- we will put a big red sticker on the side of the drive that says "DO NOT EAT".

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
    3. Re:sounds dangerous by Wingman+5 · · Score: 1

      Sodium is dangerous...
      Clorine is dangerous...
      Holy crap! I am shocked millions are not dead

    4. Re:sounds dangerous by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Chlorine is pretty toxic too. Better throw away that salt in your cupboard.

    5. Re:sounds dangerous by fractoid · · Score: 1

      When mixed with DHMO, ClNa has been linked to 98% of shark attacks.

      --
      Rampant carbon sequestration destroyed the Dinosaurs' tropical paradise. I'm here to help repair the damage.
    6. Re:sounds dangerous by lxs · · Score: 1

      But don't throw it in water or else the sodium will explode.

  18. Re: what are you missing? by neonsignal · · Score: 1

    - specmanship

  19. Tricking cobalt atoms!? by mugurel · · Score: 1

    No thank you, that hard disk is morally defect!

  20. call me stupid by layer3switch · · Score: 1

    1000x Denser ???
    ... 50,000 atoms ... to 15,000 atoms... 8nm across ... only 0.5nm across... could allow an increase in memory density of three orders of magnitude
    three orders of magnitude? what kind of math is this???
    The only question now is whether this team's calculations hold true in the real world.
    I would like to see that calculation!

    --
    "Don't let fools fool you. They are the clever ones."
    1. Re:call me stupid by abies · · Score: 1

      As you wish. "You are stupid".

      Now when we got it done, let's read the article.

      1) current state-of-the-art [...] 50,000 atoms[...]scientists think they can shrink [..] to 15,000 atoms
      2) group of German physicists [...] pair of cobalt atoms [...] hexagonal carbon ring

      I don't know how many atoms are in second case, but with estimate of 10-50, you will get 3 orders of magnitude from point 1.

      Now, the sizes. 8nm versus 0.5nm (diameter, so I cut in in half)
      4*4*pi is around 50.
      0.25*0.25*pi is around 0.2
      Difference is 250 times. I think that we can count it as 3 orders of magnitude with a bit of good will.

      What was your question ?

    2. Re:call me stupid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, you're stupid and didn't even read the summary you're quoting. They're going from 50,000 atoms to two cobalt atoms attached to a hexagon of six carbon atoms.

    3. Re:call me stupid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      then you must be a retard. density of 50,000 cobalt atoms to 2 cobalt atoms attached to benzene does not equate to 2000x storage density.

      think before you post.

    4. Re:call me stupid by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Okay, stupid.

      I have no clue where you think they were headed with the 15000 atoms bit, but that's showing a limit of potential refinement of current structure (roughly log(50/15)*2/3 = 0.35; ~2x density), nothing to do with the new development.

      log(8nm/0.5nm)*2 = 2.4; ~250x density

      Not quite 3, but that's only considering the increased domain density; they also mentioned enhanced stability, which probably means you could have a physical bit contain less domains for the same performance; without Ring TFA, it seems perfectly reasonable that this could account for the remaining factor of 4.

  21. AI? by Plekto · · Score: 1

    This may be the breakthrough, though, that allows for the type of density that would be required for a human-analog type AI to be a reality.(currently it would take a small building to approximate a typical human brain)

  22. Graphene or benzene? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Graphene is extremely expensive and benzene is very cheap.
    It sounds as if they argue whether to use diamonds or wood for their project.

  23. Okay, I'll call you stupid. by pushing-robot · · Score: 1

    It is believed that the current method of producing magnetic memory cells will reach a hard limit of ~15,000 cobalt atoms.

    This article is about a totally new method of making memory cells, which only requires two cobalt atoms bonded to a graphene/benzene ring.

    --
    How can I believe you when you tell me what I don't want to hear?
  24. Cobalt AI by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The news should read "Thinking cobalt detected for the first time in history".

  25. More Linux! by pinkushun · · Score: 1

    In a smaller space! Hooray!

  26. Yeah but.. by Ezekiel68 · · Score: 1

    ...boy are those cobalt atoms gonna be pissed off once they realize they've been tricked. I wouldn't want to be someone's data around them when that happens.

    --
    Imagination is more important than knowledge -Einstien
  27. RoHS by motherpusbucket · · Score: 1

    Hey, isn't Benzene on the RoHS 'nasty stuff' list?
    If so, I'm surprised it's being looked at as a component of a potentially mass-marketed technology.

    --
    "You can't really dust for vomit" --Nigel Tufnel
    1. Re:RoHS by Anti_Climax · · Score: 1

      Once you bind 2 Cobalt atoms to a Benzene Ring, it's no longer Benzene. Not sure what the molecule would be called or for that matter, what effect it would have if you were exposed to it.

      Though 8 billion of these molecules - about enough for a gigabyte of data - only utilizes around 1 picogram of benzene rings. Average daily exposure to Benzene is around 5 orders of magnitude larger. And, contrary to what most people seem to think, I'd wager this is going to be attached to silicon and used in actual memory chips. Even if you had 10 trillion of these cells in a single chip and they decided that it would be regulated as benzene, I don't think those few micrograms are enough to be an issue - there's more Benzene in a glass of tap water.

      Of course, if they are being used in a chip, you wouldn't want them to be able to "get out" as that would mean you have memory cells that can no longer be used for bit storage.

      --
      Even people that believe in pre-destiny look both ways before crossing the street.