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Vatican Chooses Open FITS Image Format

@10u8 writes "The Vatican Library plans to digtize 80,000 manuscripts and store them in the open data format FITS, originally developed for astronomy and maintained under the IAU. The result is expected to be 40 million pages and 45 petabytes. FITS was chosen because it 'has been used for more than 40 years for the conservation of data concerning spatial missions and, in the past decade, in astrophysics and nuclear medicine. It permits the conservation of images with neither technical nor financial problems in the future, since it is systematically updated by the international scientific community.'"

47 of 223 comments (clear)

  1. Petabytes by bigredradio · · Score: 2, Funny

    [insert tasteless joke here]

    1. Re:Petabytes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

      More like... Pedobytes!

    2. Re:Petabytes by ruiner13 · · Score: 5, Funny

      Where to Catholic priests store their data? In Pedophiles, of course.

      Happy now?

      --

      today is spelling optional day.

    3. Re:Petabytes by mr_lizard13 · · Score: 2, Funny

      You read "petabytes", and think "pedophile"? Seems someone has a problem...

      And why does Chrome think petabytes is a misspelling and want me to change it to gigabytes?

      You spelled pedophile wrong.

      --
      "We live in a global world" - Harvey Pitt, former Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman
    4. Re:Petabytes by radtea · · Score: 2, Informative

      You read "petabytes", and think "pedophile"?

      No, they read "Catholic Church" and think "pedophile", for the same reason one would read, "Christian Conservative" and think "cruising for gay hookers."

      It's just the way the human brain works: things that are found together with relatively high frequency, like Catholic priests and child abuse, or Christian "Conservatives" and unseemly acts in public restrooms, tend to conjure each other up.

      --
      Blasphemy is a human right. Blasphemophobia kills.
    5. Re:Petabytes by Dragonslicer · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Leviticus specifically states that gays, or at least gay men, "must be put to death".

      Obligatory question: Why can't I own a Canadian?.

      Anyone that believes that homosexuality is wrong because their religious text says so, and then takes their family out for a nice ham dinner after Church on Sunday, is a full-fledged hypocrite.

  2. 40 Years? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The Wikipedia page states FITS was created in '81. How does that translate to more than 40 years of use?

    1. Re:40 Years? by CannonballHead · · Score: 2, Funny

      Everyone knows that time goes faster as you get older. Same with formats.

    2. Re:40 Years? by mooingyak · · Score: 2, Funny

      The Wikipedia page states FITS was created in '81. How does that translate to more than 40 years of use?

      In some years they REALLY used it.

      --
      William of Ockham had no beard. The most likely explanation is that it was chewed off by squirrels every morning.
    3. Re:40 Years? by ProdigyPuNk · · Score: 4, Insightful

      The Flexible Image Transport System (FITS) data format was developed in the late 1970s to interchange astronomical image data. The final negotiations on its design occurred in March 1979. By 1981, the year that the specifications were published in an astronomical journal, FITS had become the de facto standard data interchange format of astronomy. This fact was recognized by the IAU, which adopted FITS as its standard data interchange and archiving format by a resolution at the Patras (1982) General Assembly.

      40 years is a bit of a stretch, but if you go from the time FITS was first thought of it is ~ 35 years old. Not bad for ANYTHING related to computing. Imagine if filesystems has 30+ year lifetimes ;p

  3. Re:Did they ask Pope? by ProdigyPuNk · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Not really. Nowhere in TFA does it mention these records being available to the general public, let alone free to download over the net. Just because they are digitizing the archives for some safety/redundancy does NOT mean that the church is suddenly backtracking and opening the archives up to everyone.

  4. Re:The Pope Has Spoken, It Is Done! by FooAtWFU · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Right. And by that, you mean that Slashdot said this other site said the Pope said. Did you ever consider looking at what he actually said, or are you just making another Regensburg lecture out of it? :)

    --
    The World Wide Web is dying. Soon, we shall have only the Internet.
  5. Re:The Pope Has Spoken, It Is Done! by qbzzt · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Sadly, that PBS story didn't include any links to the original text. So we don't know what the Pope actually said, only what Margaret Warner claimed he said, based on an on the fly translation.

    BTW, why do you expect the Torah and the New Testament to be any more consistent than US law (about, say, races) in 1800 vs. 2000?

    --
    -- Support a free market in the field of government
  6. DjVu? by photonic · · Score: 3, Interesting

    It might not be around as long as FITS, but isn't DjVu more suited for the digitization of manuscripts? If I understand it correctly, DjVu was designed for this job, while FITS was designed for astronomical data, not exactly the same. Not that I am an expert ...

    --
    karma police: arrest this man, he talks in maths; he buzzes like a fridge, he's like a detuned radio. [radiohead]
    1. Re:DjVu? by Xtravar · · Score: 2, Funny

      Maybe they're just trying to make amends with astronomy after persecuting it so many years ago. "Hey, we have something in common now!"

      --
      Buckle your ROFL belt, we're in for some LOLs.
    2. Re:DjVu? by TerranFury · · Score: 4, Interesting

      They did that a while ago; they have an observatory and host astronomy conferences. Obviously it's an attempt to live down what their predecessors did to Galileo, but I welcome it.

    3. Re:DjVu? by Flavio · · Score: 4, Informative

      DjVu is a format intended specifically for document distribution which uses lossy compression to obtain small files. It's not nearly as flexible as FITS, so you can't use it to represent hyperspectral images, metadata, etc.

      Since the Vatican wants a format for data archival, they probably want to preserve as much information as possible for a wide variety of documents, so they can keep the originals in a vault and not touch them for the next 100 years.

    4. Re:DjVu? by Lifix · · Score: 3, Interesting

      It might not be around as long as FITS, but isn't DjVu more suited for the digitization of manuscripts?

      The Vatican isn't choosing FITS because it's more suited towards digitization of manuscripts. The church intends to be around literally forever and they're choosing FITS because it too, should be around as long as there is SCIENCE! From the FITS wikipedia article: 'FITS was designed with an eye towards long-term archival storage, and the maxim once FITS, always FITS represents the requirement that developments to the format must not render invalid existing files using older versions.'

      --
      In nature, there are neither rewards or punishments, there are only consequences.
    5. Re:DjVu? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

      It might not be around as long as FITS, but isn't DjVu more suited for the digitization of manuscripts?

      I don't know DjVu, but I'm an astronomer and I've worked with FITS a lot. It's actually a very simple data format. There's a header with all the document metadata, followed by the binary data. The metadata has a few standard [required] keywords, but as long as it's formatted correctly, you can add any header fields you like. The data is stored as uncompressed binary vector (unsigned char, short, int, long, float, or double types are supported). It's about as non-proprietary and flexible a format as you could ask for. The only downside is that the files are normally uncompressed, so they can be big. On the other hand, you can always gzip them after the fact, so it's not as big a limitation as it might seem.

      In short, FITS is a pretty good format to choose if your goal is to make digital copies that will still be readable 100 years from now.

      -JS

    6. Re:DjVu? by irenaeous · · Score: 2, Informative

      No, not really. The most important consideration for the ancient Vatican documents is an exact and accurate replication of document image. If you have an document fragment from the third century, a proper reading of the document may hinge on how a particular letter fragment is reconstructed. To do this work properly, you need as exact a replication of the original as possible. It seems that FITS is designed to do just that. DjVu is not. DjVu works with modern documents and is focused on creating high quality readable documents that minimize resources so they can be made available on the web. In some respects, this kind of imaging is more like digitizing astronomical data than it is digitizing documents.

  7. Re:Did they ask Pope? by eldavojohn · · Score: 2, Informative

    Not really. Nowhere in TFA does it mention these records being available to the general public, let alone free to download over the net. Just because they are digitizing the archives for some safety/redundancy does NOT mean that the church is suddenly backtracking and opening the archives up to everyone.

    We must have read different articles, the second link to the British Library is confusing if what you say is true:

    I am particularly interested in the business model that the Vatican Library will adopt in making these manuscripts digitally accessible. In particular, I am thinking of the manuscripts that are held across institutions and the potential for aggregating them (or even 'virtually re-uniting' them) in Virtual Research Environments.

    While not free it sounds like they want to make them more available and make a little cash on the side too to me. Nevertheless they will use the internet to not only spread these articles but also make money. Still a bit two faced, wouldn't you say? Although it's not the utmost in transparency it's still more so than locked underneath the Vatican where only the most holy scholars on site can read them.

    --
    My work here is dung.
  8. Re:The Pope Has Spoken, It Is Done! by gman003 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    As a Catholic myself, I can assure you that the Church bureaucracy makes every other organization seem small. It's not even the left and right hands working in opposite directions, it's the three left hands disagreeing with the two right hands and the foot. The head has very little idea what's going on, and several sections outright ignore it, or at least filter out whatever they disagree with.

  9. Re:Did they ask Pope? by ProdigyPuNk · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I am naturally very excited about the news. This is a very ambitious project on one of the world's most important manuscript collections. I will keep my eyes peeled for any further details and developments. I am particularly interested in the business model that the Vatican Library will adopt in making these manuscripts digitally accessible. In particular, I am thinking of the manuscripts that are held across institutions and the potential for aggregating them (or even 'virtually re-uniting' them) in Virtual Research Environments.

    The way I read the article that paragraph is just the blogger's opinion. He says he will "keep his eyes peeled for any further details," and that he's interested in the "business model that the Vatican Library will adopt in making these manuscripts digitally accessible." Nowhere does he say that this will ACTUALLY happen, though.

  10. What about the Monks? by Herkum01 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Does this mean in the monasteries we are going to have monks transcribing these manuscripts bit by bit? I mean, if you just scan the stuff in what else will they have to do all day. Pray for the boredom to be over...

    1. Re:What about the Monks? by bdam · · Score: 2, Interesting

      If we're lucky, they'll use that extra time to brew beer.

  11. Image size? by by+(1706743) · · Score: 4, Interesting

    (45 petabytes) / (40 million pages) ~= 1.2 gigabytes / page. Is it just me, or does that seem a little big?

    1. Re:Image size? by qbzzt · · Score: 4, Informative

      DaVinci Code aside, parchment used to be expensive. People reused it. Probably they want a high enough resolution to read any palimpsets they may have.

      --
      -- Support a free market in the field of government
    2. Re:Image size? by ALecs · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Yes :) FITS files are HUGE!

      As a sysadmin for an astronomy observatory I find this laughable. FITS was designed to store every last detail about an image (and frequencies for radio astronomy) and it seems WAY overkill to burn that many bits digitizing manuscripts.

      But hey, who am I to question the word of the church? :)

    3. Re:Image size? by Draek · · Score: 2, Funny

      But all those extra details can be extrapolated in software anyways, didn't you ever watch CSI?

      --
      No problem is insoluble in all conceivable circumstances.
  12. High quality images eat storage quickly by MacFury · · Score: 2, Insightful

    (45 petabytes) / (40 million pages) ~= 1.2 gigabytes / page. Is it just me, or does that seem a little big?

    Storage is cheap. The manual process of scanning each of these documents is the costly part. It is thus better to scan at the maximum resolution and quality possible so that they never have to do it again. They may even be scanning multiple passes with different methods (visible, IR, etc.). 1.2GB per page is not unreasonable, even if it uses a lossless compression scheme.

  13. Re:inb4 by Darkness404 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    You can find child abuse -everywhere- that you have people in charge of children. There have been child abuse in public schools, yet that hardly justifies condemning education.

    There are a -lot- of things you can condemn the Catholic church about, namely the power abuse historically, the sale of indulgences and the failure to adapt to the 21st century. The entire format of the Catholic church is born out of an illiterate population filled with 'visions'. But the entire church failed to change for an enlightened, reasoned population.

    But honestly, using child abuse to justify your argument against the Catholic church is simply sensationalized. Had it been anything other than a church it would already be forgotten.

    --
    Taxation is legalized theft, no more, no less.
  14. Re:inb4 by Jason+Levine · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Isn't the Vatican one of the more reasonable major religions when it comes to science and technology? Obviously, you can't expect any religious group to completely dismiss any role for God to play (if they did they wouldn't be a religion), but they've gone on record saying that Evolution is correct.

    It's the folks that read a few Bible verses and then take them as the 100% literal History Of The World that really oppose all things science (as opposed to being a book that man needs to interpret).

    --
    My sci-fi novel, Ghost Thief, is now available from Amazon.com.
  15. Re:inb4 by Panaflex · · Score: 3, Informative

    Wow... how do you feel about US public schools then? I've read that there are much higher rates of abuse there - just less publicity.

    --
    I said no... but I missed and it came out yes.
  16. Re:inb4 by RockoTDF · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Had it been anything other than a church it would have been dealt with much more severely by outside powers.

    --
    There is more to science than physics!

    www.iomalfunction.blogspot.com
  17. Re:Why? by vbraga · · Score: 2, Insightful

    From the Wikipedia page on the Vatican Library:

    The Vatican Library is a research library for history, law, philosophy, science and theology, open to anyone who can document their qualifications and their research needs to view the collection. Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail.

    It's site is here.

    It's not uncommon for a research library to be closed for the general public and only open for specialists due to the fragility of a manuscript collection.

    The BAV has not made any announcement if the digital archives are going to be open or not, so it's all speculation.

    --
    English is not my first language. Corrections and suggestions are welcome.
  18. Re:inb4 by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    It's protestants that believe in creationism

  19. Re:Why? by Panaflex · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I doubt they're hiding much in the library... thousands of academics are there every year. No, having Joe Public in the stacks is not conducive with preservation - you are welcome to obtain copies.

    You can't check out the Declaration of Independence from the National Archives, either!

    --
    I said no... but I missed and it came out yes.
  20. Re:The Pope Has Spoken, It Is Done! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    But everyone looks the other way from what the dick is doing.

  21. UFS has been around for over 30 years by sir+lox+elroy · · Score: 2, Informative

    The Unix file system UFS, AKA FFS and Berkley FFS has been around since the late 70s.

    --
    Kosh: "Understanding is a 3 edged sword, your side, their side, the Truth."
  22. Galileo affair by syousef · · Score: 2, Informative

    Isn't the Vatican one of the more reasonable major religions when it comes to science and technology?.

    Yes, and it was only in 1992 that they admitted that they had made a mistake in forcing Galileo to recant that the Earth went around the sun. Yes, Galileo was an ass about how he said it, but it doesn't change the fact that the church opposed the science with real physical and political force. Since this is how a "more reasonable major religion" behaves I think this is an EXCELLENT argument against "moderate" religion.

    --
    These posts express my own personal views, not those of my employer
    1. Re:Galileo affair by AthanasiusKircher · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yes, and it was only in 1992 that they admitted that they had made a mistake in forcing Galileo to recant that the Earth went around the sun.

      I'm not defending the church's stance on Galileo in the 1630s, but I do find it interesting that you judge an organization by an action committed almost 400 years ago. While the church took longer to officially admit their wrong-doing, they had already taken Galileo's book off the banned list by the 1750s. They allowed access to scholars who wanted to study the affair beginning in the 19th century, and it was those scholars who actually wrote the history books that portrayed Galileo as the hero of the scientific revolution.

      What the church did was certainly wrong, but your 1992 date implies that they hadn't moved on from their objections until then, when actually the Vatican had long since admitted the basic truth of heliocentrism. It's just that they didn't get around to officially "apologizing" (in a way) for what they did to one particular person.

      According to your standard, let's start judging most organizations by what they did centuries ago. How many atrocities were committed, slaves captured and abused, genocides, wars, etc. How many of those have been officially admitted to be wrong by national governments and corporations that still exist today? It was only in the late 20th century that everybody started apologizing for various historical incidents, and most countries and corporations still haven't. Does that mean that they all still believe in slavery, etc.? Should we judge nations on their behavior in the 1600s?

      If anything, the Catholic Church should be applauded for taking the time to make such a formal statement on something that happened in its history, not ridiculed as if it were still as backward in 1992 as it was in 1632.

  23. Catholic church does real scientific work ... by perpenso · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Not really, but I find very funny that the Vatican is using “science and technology" to store its manuscripts, when at the same time they spit so much on this same science and technology.

    The currently accepted theory regarding the origin of the universe, the "big bang" theory, was developed by a catholic priest
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Lemaître

    The vatican operates a world class astronomical observatory.
    http://vaticanobservatory.org/VOF/index.php?option=com_content&view=frontpage&Itemid=1

    When I was an undergraduate at a california state university the dean of the chemistry department was also the parish priest at a small local church.

    Some religious individuals view math and science as a tool to understand god's creation. Isaac Newton comes to mind.

    --
    Perpenso Calc for iPhone and iPod touch, scientific and bill/tip calculator, fractions, complex numbers, RPN

  24. Re:The Pope Has Spoken, It Is Done! by FooAtWFU · · Score: 2, Insightful

    "Does it matter?" I don't know, man, that depends on what sort of a moral world-view you're subscribing to, and what you mean by "matter". Personally, I don't have a world-view where it's all fine and dandy for me to twist peoples' words and laugh at them for being hypocrites in one matter just because they've done something wrong in another matter, in any case at all. I consider this, first, as a responsibility towards myself. Slashdot-types, who might be thought to ostensibly value Science, ought to be those best able to appreciate some notion of "intellectual honesty". If you then move to the world in general, I don't think that spreading lies or half-truths and such is ever called for, if you think that the Catholic Church is such a villain that you should be able to tell whatever [lies|half-truths|exxagerations] that you can get away with that day (in order to spread to the world a better sense of its villainy, even if it doesn't rest on a foundation of truth) then that's another matter, but I don't think there's any real room for doing so and not being aware that you're rationally doing so and instead relying on blind instinctual hate for the organization.

    So yeah, I'd say it does matter -- even if the Catholic Church is Hitler + Lenin + the child abuser of the week + the devil + [Al Gore|George W Bush] and worthy of nothing but hate, I don't see any way that ignorance improves the matter. In fact, it would be downright hypocritical to say that it does, in the light of talking about comments on openness, communication and transparency.

    --
    The World Wide Web is dying. Soon, we shall have only the Internet.
  25. Re:The Pope Has Spoken, It Is Done! by Philip_the_physicist · · Score: 4, Informative

    The Institute of Physics's magazine /Physics World/ did an article on his trial last year (IIRC, it may have been earlier). He was tried for heresy, but the reason he was tried was not for heliocentric theory, but rather for insulting the Pope (who had been interested in his theories) about an unrelated (somewhat political) matter instead of answering his questions. IOW, he was killed not for arguing against the church but for publicly insulting the man with the power to have him killed, which is generally regarded as a bad idea.

  26. Re:The Pope Has Spoken, It Is Done! by shadowbearer · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Every religion ever created by man has splintered, and will continue to do so.

      There is no reality for them to agree on.

    SB

    --
    It's old. The more humans I meet, the more I like my cats. At least they are honest.
  27. Re:The Pope Has Spoken, It Is Done! by the_womble · · Score: 3, Informative

    Its actually quite funny, the website actually has the title "secret archives", and offers to sell you scanned copies on CD.