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Android vs. iPhone 4 Signal Strength Bars Comparison

thisisauniqueid writes "In light of the clamor over the iPhone 4 Grip of Death, AnandTech recently reverse-engineered the phone's signal-strength-to-bars mapping. Because Android is open source, we can determine the corresponding mapping for Android in combination with the 3GPP spec referenced in the source, allowing the signal-strength-to-bars mapping for both Android and the iPhone 4 to be plotted on the same axes. This shows that the iPhone 4 consistently reports a higher percentage signal strength (as defined by the fraction of bars lit) than Android GSM devices at the same signal strength."

62 of 253 comments (clear)

  1. noise floor? by X0563511 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    These measures aren't very useful without considering the noise floor...

    --
    For large sets, this will be our guide even unto death, for the LORD will work for each type of data it is applied to...
    1. Re:noise floor? by Sigurd_Fafnersbane · · Score: 3, Informative

      The noise floor is around -174dBm/sqrt(Hz) depending on temperature.

      This will be the same for all phones

    2. Re:noise floor? by nomel · · Score: 3, Insightful

      "the noise floor..." of the receiver.

      I agree!

      I think they should have looked at the signal levels that calls begin to drop or get garbled data. THAT would be more interesting. What if the iPhone4 is "over reporting" because it has a more sensitive radio? If I were apple, or any company, I would show signals bars based on the chance of dropping data, not the raw signal strength. With having half the range as 5 bars, seems like that's what they did.

      *Disclaimer: I have a WinMo phone. I really don't give a damn about any of these platforms. None of them suite me.

    3. Re:noise floor? by Mitsoid · · Score: 4, Interesting

      That would require they move away from their current setup that shifts away from 'inflating' your signal and 'inflating' apples awesomeness...

      I think part of the issue is dB ranges of 0-~100 = 4-5 bars. dB Ranges 100-113 = zero-3 bars. You don't enter the '3' bar range until you're already on a weak signal, and can 'death grip' your phone to death. The article reported a max of ~24 dB signal drop from poor holding. From the looks you don't have to hold it too improperly to suddenly go 3 bars->disconnect.

      This becomes an issue since people check their reception.. okay, 2-3 bars, im good... Then go make a call, or hold their phone to their head, and boom, 15dB difference, bye call.

      The idea of "showing more bars to make users more comfortable" (or 'showing more bars to make people who think bars are standardized across phones think ours are better)... backfires when your 'bar' range doesn't properly tell people how close to disconnect they are and is 'mysteriously' goes from 3 bars to 0 -- like some people report.

    4. Re:noise floor? by mikael_j · · Score: 3, Insightful

      That would require they move away from their current setup that shifts away from 'inflating' your signal and 'inflating' apples awesomeness...

      Ah, but from what I've heard the last few days (and this is also mentioned in TFA) it was AT&T who told Apple "This is how we want you to report signal strength on the iPhone 4/in iOS 4" and while Apple isn't without blame (they were after all the ones who implemented this) it could just as well be AT&T trying to hide flaws in their network that resulted in the iPhone 4 reporting signal strength in a strange way.

      --
      Greylisting is to SMTP as NAT is to IPv4
    5. Re:noise floor? by MattskEE · · Score: 5, Interesting

      You're sort of right.

      -174dBm/sqrt(Hz) is the minimum that you can achieve at "noise room temperature" (290 Kelvin), because that is the spectral density of noise in the RF region that a black body will emit. But every component from the antenna, antenna switch, low noise amplifier, downconverters, filters, more amplifiers, and ADC's will add a certain amount of noise to degrade the signal further. This can be discussed as noise factor, noise figure, noise temperature, and so on, but those are all also equivalent to having an increased noise floor at the signal reaching the antenna, and by converting to input referred noise floor, the minimum detectable signal is often defined as the point where the signal power equals the input referred noise power.

      This will definitely NOT be the same for all phones.

      A very good cryogenic low noise amplifier like astronomers use for very sensitive radio telescopes might have a noise temperature of 5 Kelvin, corresponding to an addition of -191.5dBm/root(Hz) noise power at the input. However the low noise amplifier in a cell phone probably has a noise temperature around 75 Kelvin (1dB noise figure at room temp), adding -179.7dBm/root(Hz) noise power. The first amplifier would be able to detect a signal 15 times smaller because of its superior noise performance. In fairness though it probably costs about a thousand times more...

    6. Re:noise floor? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      You have that backwards - Apple was NOT reporting the bars the way AT&T wants. (AT&T only recently published their "standard" for bars after the iPhone os software was done).

    7. Re:noise floor? by MichaelSmith · · Score: 3, Funny

      Careful there: a whole bunch of fanboys will start keeping their phones in the fridge for a better facebook experience.

  2. Well duh ... by Nerdfest · · Score: 5, Funny

    The actual signal is amplified across most frequencies by an obscure side effect of the reality distortion field. If you were an Apple antenna engineer you'd know that.

    1. Re:Well duh ... by Hal_Porter · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What the difference between a Mac fanboy and a bicycle?

      Slap a chain on a bicycle and it doesn't blog endlessly about how being chained up is an improvement.

      --
      echo -e 'global _start\n _start:\n mov eax, 2\n int 80h\n jmp _start' > a.asm; nasm a.asm -f elf; ld a.o -o a;
    2. Re:Well duh ... by dattaway · · Score: 2, Funny

      I believe the correct engineering term for this reality distortion field is called the Bogon force field. The Bogon flux is measured by a Bogometer, in units of "bars." Apple has the most respected Bogonomists in the industry, but the Bogon is a strange quark that mysteriously vanishes when a detector is used.

    3. Re:Well duh ... by MobileTatsu-NJG · · Score: 2, Funny

      What the difference between a Mac fanboy and a bicycle?

      Slap a chain on a bicycle and it doesn't blog endlessly about how being chained up is an improvement.

      What's the difference between a Google fanboy and a bicycle?

      Slap a chain on a bicycle and it doesn't blog endlessly about how iPhone users are chained up.

      --

      "I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)

    4. Re:Well duh ... by noidentity · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Huh? This variation expresses my view:

      Why does a Mac critic have a problem with the chain on a bicycle?

      It restricts what you can do with the bike.

    5. Re:Well duh ... by Khyber · · Score: 2, Insightful

      What's the difference between a Google Fanboi, Microsoft Fanboi, and Apple Fanboi?

      Apple Fanbois sing once the chains are on.

      --
      Still waiting on Serviscope_minor to wake up to fucking reality and realize that Jessica Price isn't going to fuck him.
    6. Re:Well duh ... by MobileTatsu-NJG · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I am saying that I hear a LOT more from people saying what Apple fans would say than I am from the actual fans. Especially in threads that nothing to do with either.

      --

      "I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)

    7. Re:Well duh ... by node+3 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      What the difference between a Mac fanboy and a bicycle?

      Slap a chain on a bicycle and it doesn't blog endlessly about how being chained up is an improvement.

      Then why is it always the Google fanboys who go on and on about the chains?

    8. Re:Well duh ... by mjwx · · Score: 4, Funny

      What is the difference between an Apple fanboy and a terrorist.

      You can negotiate with a terrorist.

      --
      Calling someone a "hater" only means you can not rationally rebut their argument.
  3. Summarising... by Kupfernigk · · Score: 5, Insightful

    All mobile phones have tradeoffs in antenna design in order to look pretty, because people don't like visible external aerials. Apple have come up with what should be a very good design but compromised it by not coating the metal in a dielectric layer. Apple have created bad publicity for themselves by coming up with a BP-like response to the complaints, but this won't affect their sales because Apple buyers don't take any notice of negative publicity for Apple products.

    --
    From scarped cliff or quarried stone she cries "A thousand types are gone, I care for nothing, no not one."
    1. Re:Summarising... by LodCrappo · · Score: 2, Interesting

      "Apple buyers don't take any notice of negative publicity for Apple products."

      Actually, some buyers do. Not the hardcore fanboy types, but my gf's parents saw a segment on the local news about the iphone 4 problems and have decided to look at Android phones rather than blindly upgrading their current iThings to the latest model. They may still get an Apple phone, but they would not have even considered alternatives if it weren't for the issues.

      I was surprised that there was any general media coverage of the problems with the iPhone 4. Between this and all the coverage of the goof up with the wireless connection at the announcement, they haven't been looking good in the mainstream news. I don't know if this will have any noticeable effect on sales, or if there is any way to know anyway.

      --
      -Lod
    2. Re:Summarising... by BasilBrush · · Score: 4, Insightful

      this won't affect their sales because Apple buyers don't take any notice of negative publicity for Apple products.

      It won't affect sales because in normal use, the iPhone 4 has better reception than previous iPhones. If there was a real problem, that would affect sales, but the average phone buyer doesn't read slashdot and gizmodo, and so doesn't get put off by this sort of hysteria.

    3. Re:Summarising... by Low+Ranked+Craig · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Make sure your gf's parents see this part:

      Note that the Nexus One suffers from the same problem with 3G reception if you grip the phone along the metal strip at the back.

      --
      I still cannot find the droids I am looking for...
    4. Re:Summarising... by BasilBrush · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Me either. Which implies that when you hold the phone normally you get better reception with the iPhone 4 than with previous iPhones.

    5. Re:Summarising... by PitaBred · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It's not because it's visible. It's because bits that stick up tend to break. And the fractal-style antennas that are in modern phones have very similar performance to external aerials. Given the choice between the two, it's a no-brainer.

    6. Re:Summarising... by bemymonkey · · Score: 2, Informative

      Hmmm, I'm guessing that's irrelevant, since it's probably just the same signal attenuation that's present on every cellphone.

      The issue on the iPhone4 is the ability to detune the antennas just by touching both the GSM/3G antenna and the WiFi antenna at the same time with a sweaty finger - something that could have been so easily prevented with a dielectric coating. That's the reason people should be pissed, but a lot of people seem to be confused about what's really the problem.

    7. Re:Summarising... by Cronock · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "most people" should probably be replaced with "people in high signal strength areas where a defect in antenna design that causes a 50% loss in signal strength won't boot them off the network" All iPhones are affected by this issue. Some people just don't have it affecting their daily usage. Both phones my fiance and I have are affected by this, different models, different batches. Oh and we also have the proximity issue. QA at Apple needs to be replaced.

  4. not a surprise by twinstead · · Score: 5, Interesting

    my wife's iphone constantly reports 3-4 bars and 3g in places where my motorola milestone reports 1 or no signal. it's not until she goes to make a call that -- oops! no coverage.

  5. dBm vs dB by NixieBunny · · Score: 4, Informative

    His graph is erroneously labeled in dB, which is an arbitrary scale, whereas it ought to be labeled in dBm, which is received signal strength.
    In case you're wondering,the B is a Bel, which is a factor of 10. A dB is a deciBel, which is 1/10 of a Bel. dBm is decibels relative to a milliwatt of signal strength.

    --
    The determined Real Programmer can write Fortran programs in any language.
  6. So... by Anubis+IV · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...they independently confirmed a bug that Apple had already confirmed?

  7. is anyone surprised? by bitbucketeer · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I'm quite sure that AT&T and Apple have always been aware that their phones were fudging the signal quality indicator on their product... Reality is hard to sell when your competitors fudge their numbers, too.

  8. Smelly code! by sohp · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Holy hell the code for the Android OS StatusBarPolicy in the StatusBarPolicy.java file is a stinking mess. So much for Google having the best programmers in the world. A single public method -- installIcons() at the class level, and a pile of private methods doing all sorts of things. Hundreds of lines of different private variables and worst of all the slew of private anonymous classes.

    This sort of mess make single responsibility principle weep.

    1. Re:Smelly code! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Ahh spoken by someone who cares more about what some guy in a book calls a style of coding than actually getting the job done.

      There's no reason you can't get the job done and do it well at the same time. I'd rather work on well-written code by a "clueless programmer" than a spaghetti mess written by a top notch guru, every time.

    2. Re:Smelly code! by colinrichardday · · Score: 2, Insightful

      an if statement is a goto

      Except that an if statement only goes to the line after the condition. A goto can go to anywhere. An if statement may be a particular case of a goto, but it is a very narrow one.

    3. Re:Smelly code! by Kenja · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Um... not written by Google?

      Code says 'Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project', complain to them. Or better yet, fix their code. Isn't that the point of open source?

      --

      "Have you ever thought about just turning off the TV, sitting down with your kids, and hitting them?"
    4. Re:Smelly code! by sohp · · Score: 2, Insightful

      You're right about one thing: You've reminded once again that I made the right choice in quitting the industry after holding a variety of lucrative sysadmin, software development, IT, and technical lead positions from 1983 to 2009. Too many projects where getting it done mattered more than getting it right, ending up in the software equivalent of a Deepwater Horizon rig explosion. I'm so glad to be done with that.

  9. Where are the posters from Friday... by Cogneato · · Score: 2, Insightful

    that commented on /. about how Apple was making false claims about the incorrect signal bars? Surely if the responders on Friday had the balls to stand on a pedestal and make grand claims based on no evidence, they can have the balls to come back and admit they were wrong.

    1. Re:Where are the posters from Friday... by hedwards · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I don't recall them complaining about bars, I recall them complaining about trying to fix reception with a software update. All this graph seemed to confirm is that somebody was working awfully hard to eliminate the 3rd bar while keeping the other 4.

    2. Re:Where are the posters from Friday... by LBArrettAnderson · · Score: 2, Insightful

      No one was claiming that Apple's response was a lie, just that it was misleading. There is still a hardware problem that won't be fixed for the users who have these devices, unless they want to slap on a case.

  10. so what if the calculation is wrong by renegade600 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    so what if the calculation is wrong or different between phones! It has nothing to do with the problem the iphone is having. If you normally have 4 bars with the wrong calculation, and you hold it and get no bars with the wrong calculation, then there is something wrong with the design of the phone, All apple is doing is trying to confuse the masses with technical facts hoping to confuse the issue and save money from all the lawsuits that are being filed.

    1. Re:so what if the calculation is wrong by BasilBrush · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Shame on Apple trying to confuse people with "technical facts".

      They should of course accept that everyone is as ignorant as you about the fact that ALL mobile phones get signal attenuation when you hold your hand around the antenna.

    2. Re:so what if the calculation is wrong by yabos · · Score: 2, Informative

      Wrong. The range from 1-4 bars is about 13 dB but the range for the 5th bar is about 50 dB. If you have 4 bars on the iPhone it means your signal is crap to begin with so even a low amount of attenuation can drop you down to nothing. Their scale is wrong & misleading. After they "fix" it, I expect there will be many complaints since people will now be showing 1-2 bars where before they were showing 5.

  11. Re:dB attenuation? by Brian+Recchia · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Probably 99% of the population has no idea that -80 dB is extremely good and -100 dB is awful. Further, the curve is logarithmic, which makes things confusing because most people are only particularly familiar with linear.

  12. Two antennas! by steveha · · Score: 4, Informative

    The article is worth reading. Right on the first page it explains what is really going on with the "grip of death".

    In other news reports I have seen about iPhone 4, it was explained that the iPhone 4 has a strip of metal wrapped around the body of the phone that serves as the antenna. Not so! There are two strips, of different lengths, serving as two antennas. One antenna is for WiFi and GPS, and the other antenna is for cell phone service. The "grip of death" happens when you make an electrical contact between the two antennas (on the lower-left corner of the phone).

    According to the article, bridging the two antennas with your hand causes a drop in cell phone signal to noise ratio of about 24 dB. This can be enough to cause a dropped phone call, if you are already in an area with weak cell signal strength. If you are in an area with good cell strength, you won't drop the call and you might not even see the signal strength bars change.

    And according to the article, as long as you don't bridge the two antennas, this phone really does do a better job of locking on to a weak cell phone signal.

    So, if you have an iPhone 4, definitely invest in some sort of case that insulates the two antennas. And the article scolds Apple for not having put some sort of insulation over the antennas; presumably a future iPhone will do so.

    Other pages of the article discuss other things. I did like the page where Anand explains why Apple's claims are valid that the screen is sharper than the human eye can resolve.

    steveha

    --
    lf(1): it's like ls(1) but sorts filenames by extension, tersely
    1. Re:Two antennas! by hedwards · · Score: 2

      That's been known for a while. The question is, why on Earth did they not test the phones properly? And by properly, I mean in real world circumstances. It's not real world to have it covered in a fake mock up of a previous iPhone. Sure many, perhaps even most, users will put some sort of protective coating on their iPhone, but that's still not appropriate testing conditions. Given that you can only be sure that people can use it without, that's one of the conditions under which to test.

    2. Re:Two antennas! by onefriedrice · · Score: 2, Funny

      That's been known for a while. The question is, why on Earth did they not test the phones properly? And by properly, I mean in real world circumstances.

      They did have a long testing period, but apparently the only left-handed prototype tester lost his iPhone at a bar.

      --
      This author takes full ownership and responsibility for the unpopular opinions outlined above.
  13. Re:dB attenuation? by BasilBrush · · Score: 4, Funny

    Of course. Because the average phone user knows what a dB is and would much rather see it than a bar graph. My mother was just telling me the other day that she gets a -10dB attenuation in the kitchen compared to the lounge.

  14. because most people don't understand decibels? by SuperBanana · · Score: 2, Interesting

    How about phones just print the dB signal loss and be done with it? A number should be far easier for someone to tell about signal strength than guessing by 0-5 bars.

    Because 90% of the population has no fucking clue what decibels are? A logarithmic scale is a recipe for disaster in the consumer marketplace.

    Actually, I think the unit in question is decibel milliwatts: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBm

    1. Re:because most people don't understand decibels? by gEvil+(beta) · · Score: 2, Funny

      Because 90% of the population has no fucking clue what decibels are?

      Are you serious? Do they not teach the Dewey Decibel system in school anymore?

      --
      This guy's the limit!
  15. Re:dB attenuation? by BitZtream · · Score: 4, Insightful

    They don't know that right now.

    Switch every phone over to display dB directly and everyone in the world would understand it in 6 months, though some would bitch about it for years to come.

    People don't need to know what the numbers MEAN, they need to know that at 100 it doesn't work, and at 96 just barely works, but 80 is golden, and they'll figure that out fairly quickly.

    Of course in reality all people really want is the phone to give them a good reason why they lost their call, can't get calls or have shitty data rates, and that could more accurately be represented with a simple block of text when the users asks and a green or red light in place of the bars.

    --
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  16. What does OSS have to do with it? by BitZtream · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Seriously?

    You're comparing the iPhone using some physical technique to infer the signal level to bar mapping, taking into account all the variables of the phone hardware ...

    And on Android you're just looking at the source ... not even the phone itself ...

    And this is supposed to be some sort of comparison? Whats next? Submarine A goes 25 knots submerged, Space Shuttle X launches into space at 36k knots. Which one will get you to BurgerKing first?

    When you compare things using completely unrelated ways of gathering your input data you find that your results are ALWAYS wrong, even if you can't see it or they agree/disagree with what you thought.

    --
    Persistent Volume manager for Kubernetes - https://github.com/dwimsey/openshift-pvmanager
  17. OS 2.1 by MConlon · · Score: 5, Interesting

    After I got my iPhone 3G the very next software update included a change to the "bar algorithm" that was marketed as "improving user understanding of the signal meter" or somesuch. It was in response to user complaints of low signal strength, and somehow (miraculously) the reception improved... more bars.

    So they're rolling back this change?

    MJC

  18. Can someone please get a RFEE to explain things? by xtal · · Score: 5, Insightful

    IANARFEE, but I am a EE who works with RF.

    For all of the millions of dollars being lost on productivity aimlessly discussing 'bars'..

    Can someone please dissect the antenna and then connect it to a calibrated spectrum analyser? This is so mindbogglingly trivial to do it is beginning to hurt my soul. I do similar exercises at work with new, untested antenna designs. I am sure I am not the only one.

    For comparison, do the same to other phones and publish actual measurements of received signal drops and the effect from the disturbance caused from closing your hand around the antenna. This is similar to how touching an old rabbit-ears style antenna effects the picture on a analog TV broadcast, if the effect is as I suspect.

    Voila! An actual, meaningful assessment of what the phone bars mean in real numbers from a calibrated instrument.

    An uncalibrated receiver, such as the iphone, is not a proper tool to do this.

    *grumble* *off my lawn* *grumble*

    --
    ..don't panic
  19. Re:iPhone wins by Anarchduke · · Score: 4, Funny

    that's okay, my Spinal Tap smart phone goes to 11 bars !!

    --
    who prays for Satan? Who in 18 centuries has had the humanity to pray for the 1 sinner that needed it most? ~Mark Twain
  20. Re:dB attenuation? by houghi · · Score: 5, Funny

    An alternative could be to have it show a percentage between 0 and 100. As this might be too distracting perhaps just show them in groups of 20% each. To save space, you could leave out the number and just show a block.

    That way you can easily show the strenght of the reception and made it understandable for everybody.

    --
    Don't fight for your country, if your country does not fight for you.
  21. Re:dB attenuation? by bmxeroh · · Score: 2, Funny

    Perhaps we could make each block bigger than the last?

    --
    Central Ohio Home Theater Installation - The Theater People
  22. Err no... by recoiledsnake · · Score: 2, Informative

    They compared the percentage, not the number of bars. From the article:

    The iPhone 4 consistently displays a greater percentage signal strength than Android (as defined by the fraction of bars lit).

    --
    This space for rent.
  23. Steve Jobs to Gray Powell by andy1307 · · Score: 4, Funny

    You fucking idiot..I asked you to test the the phone for bars...not test the phone in a bar...

  24. Re:dB attenuation? by Beefpatrol · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The whole point of a "signal strength" meter is so that one can determine when one is approaching a "no signal" zone and so that one can determine how well their phone will work at a given location without having to make a call. It is disappointing that traditional signal strength meters (with 3-6 "bars") fail to do this reliably.

    You can tell if the phone will work or not should you try to make a call or transmit data by a simple on/off indicator like you said. If the meter just displayed the S/N ratio, it would be the equivalent of having a traditional meter with lots of bars. This would convey more information, probably take up less space on the display, and allow people to generate detailed enough data that they might be able to fix things in places where performance is bad.

    The problem of large or mysterious numbers could be remedied by offsetting the value by some fixed amount so that "0" is where the S/N ratio is so bad that the phone can't do anything.

    I'm all for it.

  25. Re:dB attenuation? by Tumbleweed · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Why not leave user interface design to people who know that there are a lot of colorblind people out there?

  26. Why bars at all? by LoudMusic · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Why do they use bars at all? Why don't they use numbers? I suspect it has something to do with early phones and a little dedicated LCD space of bars was cheaper than a full numerical display, but we're well beyond that now.

    --
    No sig for you. YOU GET NO SIG!
  27. Re:dB attenuation? by definate · · Score: 2, Informative

    Good point. Well I'm running iOS4 jailbroken, and SBSettings has a panel which allows you to change those settings.

    Swipe your finger across the top of the screen.
    Press more.
    Press Extra's and Options.
    Turn Numeric Wi-Fi and Numeric GSM on.

    Now you've got it showing the dB in place of bars, and once Apple releases the update for iOS4 to make this measurement accurate, I'll have a better idea of signal strength.

    --
    This is my footer. There are many like it, but this one is mine.
  28. Jobs is channeling Nigel Tufnel by PPH · · Score: 2, Funny

    Ours go up to eleven.

    --
    Have gnu, will travel.
  29. Re:dB attenuation? by uninformedLuddite · · Score: 2, Funny

    is she single?

    --
    The new right fascists are bilingual. They speak English and Bullshit.