Slashdot Mirror
Quantum Gas Goes Below Absolute Zero
First time accepted submitter mromanuk writes in with a story about scientists at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich who have created an atomic gas that goes below absolute zero. "It may sound less likely than hell freezing over, but physicists have created an atomic gas with a sub-absolute-zero temperature for the first time. Their technique opens the door to generating negative-Kelvin materials and new quantum devices, and it could even help to solve a cosmological mystery."
Lasers have had negative temperature for decades!
wikipedia has quite a good explanation of negative temperature.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_temperature
camels with a penis for a hump
TLDR: Mark of the Beast contender (RFID) makes way to CDROMS as method to communicate with hardware.
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Examining Sony's Internet-free method for blocking used game sales
New patent filing describes using RFID chips to tie games to a single user.
by Kyle Orland - Jan 3, 2013 5:55 pm UTC
http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2013/01/examining-sonys-internet-free-method-for-blocking-used-game-sales/
"A newly published patent application filed by Sony outlines a content protection system that would use small RFID chips embedded on game discs to prevent used games from being played on its systems, all without requiring an online connection. Filed in September and still awaiting approval from the US Patent Office, the patent application[1] for an "electronic content processing system, electronic content processing method, package of electronic content, and use permission apparatus" describes a system "that reliably restricts the use of electronic content dealt in the second-hand markets."
[1] http://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2013/0007892.html
Used game sales continue to be a major concern for many big-name publishers and developers, who see the practice as a drain on the revenue they earn from selling new software. Sony's patent explicitly points out that suppressing the used game market will "[support] the redistribution of part of proceeds from sales of the electronic content to the developers."
The used-game blocking method described in the patent involves a "radiofrequency tag" and a type of programmable ROM chip that are paired with each game disc and can communicate wirelessly with the game system. The tag and chip can be used to store "unique information" about each console the game has been played on. Thus, when the game is used on a second system, the unique information stored on the disc can be compared to the information stored inside the new hardware, and in turn checked against "use permission" data stored on the EEPROM chip itself. As described in the patent, this "unique information" could be a system identifier or some sort of unique user ID that is somewhat portable between systems.
The patent describes users being asked to "pass the use permission tag over the RF reader/writer," suggesting some sort of near-field communication (NFC) area on the system itself that is used to launch this confirmation process. The patent also describes the RFID tag being used to decrypt content on the disc, which could provide a method for locking certain on-disc content to certain users who have unlocked or paid for the privilege. The system would theoretically also make game discs much harder to pirate, since illicit copiers would have to include correctly configured security chips in their copies, rather than using off the shelf media.
Of course, the fact that Sony has applied to patent this idea is a far cry from confirmation that this kind of protection system is in the works for the PlayStation 4. Even if it is, Sony could easily leave it to individual publishers to decide whether or not to implement it. In May, industry analyst Michael Pachter recounted a conversation[2] with SCEA president Jack Tretton where the Sony executive said he was "totally opposed to blocking used games."
[2] http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2012-05-14-pachter-claims-sonys-jack-tretton-supports-used-games
It was about this time last year that rumors started to swirl that Microsoft was planning to block used games from being playable on the next Xbox. In March, similar rumors popped up surrounding the PlayStation 4[3], codenamed "Orbis" in leaked documents.
[3]
the mesaured temperature happened to be -2147483648
From TFA:
Another peculiarity of the sub-absolute-zero gas is that it mimics 'dark energy', the mysterious force that pushes the Universe to expand at an ever-faster rate against the inward pull of gravity. Schneider notes that the attractive atoms in the gas produced by the team also want to collapse inwards, but do not because the negative absolute temperature stabilises them. “It’s interesting that this weird feature pops up in the Universe and also in the lab,” he says. “This may be something that cosmologists should look at more closely.”
Your momma so fat even absolute zero shocked away.
They know we don't understand anything related to quantum physics anyway, so they just make stuff up now!
Sadly, our universe runs on a quite old hardware, which allowed the scientists to overflow the temperature variable. Why the Great Programmer didn't use unsigned longs ist beyond me, rookie mistake, really!
Heat is just atoms moving around, after all, so negative temperatures are easy:
just make the atoms move backwards.
sudo ergo sum
Now that we've found a temperature colder than absolute zero, we need to adjust the scale so that zero is this new low.
Just recalibrate. Simple.
The real question scientist need to look at here is can they use this gas to finally prove that greatest of scientific missions: That there is no God.
HAH! When I was a freshman in college a long long time ago, I lost points in a computer science assignment because I did not perform error checking to ensure the user enter temperatures were above absolute 0. Prof didn't believe me when I told her that wasn't a hard limit, so there!
I'm sorry, but to me that is just absolute bollocks. So if you have more particles with a higher energy, you have a lower temperature? If I flip my thermometer upside-down, I'm also measuring a decrease in temperature when I heat it up. That makes sense too.
So is this story misleading to say that absolute zero was achieved. Wikipedia The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales are defined so that absolute zero is 273.15 C or 459.67 F. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero
But in the news story it says SUB and SUB means below, yet there is no mention of the temperature whatsoever in the article and going beyond absolute zero is not possible even out in space! You can get close, but not to absolute zero otherwise you would have created the ultimate weapon!
Enough said.
All cows eat grass!
Particles traveling in negative time for instance, they don't, anymore than lightning travels up into the sky. We observe the effect of their interaction with matter, not the particle itself. The effect can certainly travel backwards. Lightning appears to go up because it ionizes the air on the way down, not enough to create observable light. Once the arc to the ground is made, the discharge is rapid and we see a flash, starting first at the ground and heading up. The reason it appears to go 'up' is because the mechanism we use to observe it (in this case our eyes) has a lower threshold. If we were quantum physics, we could claim the lightning travels backwards in time up into the sky. Yet we have electronics to analyze what happens, an no, the unobservable first part of the discharge is sky to ground.
Single photons in two places at once, (the classic two slit single-photon interference). Yet we can only detect photons due to electron promotions, so we could never detect the half photons, so we build models as though the photon (the thing we observe) can't exist in partial forms. But what we call a photon is just an effect we observe of something else, our model describes the effect not the thing causing the effect.
And negative temperature, well build your equations around it if you will, but you're basing the energy of your 'particles' on a probability of their energy density. If you have more energetic ones and overall the temperature is just above absolute zero, then theoretically some of those must be at a negative temperature.... Well either that or our particle isn't.
Negative temperature is just another indicator of the broken model, quantum mechanism is bunkum.
Maybe because the Great Programmer wanted us to be able to use buffer overruns to invoke the debugger and thus do magic?
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=1733076&cid=33042664
http://science.slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=1733076&threshold=0&commentsort=0&mode=thread&cid=33043184
"I've thought about writing a sci-fi novel based around three interacting groups (taking off on Arthur C. Clark's ideas of any advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic):
* Those who have expanded human consciousness in a transhumanist technical nanotech/biotech direction and can do magical-looking things like with nanotech (like when nanites rebuilt the Red Dwarf).
* Those who have found this debugger link or just a bug and can affect reality in magical seeming ways (so, like Harry Potter or Earthsea, where words an incantations and symbolic movements and symbolic devices like wands are combined to create patterns that invoke complex programs written in arcane symbols, such as from "lumos" causing light to all sorts of complex spells invoked in complex ways -- maybe with a high degree of secrecy involved in who makes these things and who is told about them).
* Those who have just expanded humanity in a brute-force sort of way throughout the solar system and beyond through self-replicating space habitats duplicating themselves from sunlight and asteroidal ore, and maybe also have recently learned to tap zero-point energy and so create energy and matter in empty space (so, they can duplicate things out of thin vacuum as it were).
I have no idea where that would go. But those are the major sorts of "magic" things I can imagine in our future, and all are hard-sci-fi "plausible". Would the mystery of consciousness be an underlying theme?"
Or perhaps there are deeper aesthetic issues involved that we have only just begun to be aware of? :-) :-) So, I'll go you one further -- are people going to fight over what color-temperature their local Dyson sphere should be tuned to? :-) Or even the color-temperature of the universe? Would you like a naturally balmy 2.725 K background temperature in the universe, or is that excessively wasteful and just an unasthetic looking color, and 2.724 K would be better? :-) Or maybe a slightly warmer 2.726 K would be worth it for making a peppier cosmos?"
http://slashdot.org/comments.pl?sid=1963016&cid=34980884
"Still, ultimately, you may be right as far as there always being some issue to be in conflict about, and how on a cosmic scale, groups may well disagree fundamentally about things like enclosing stars. I'm also reminded of the Red Dwarf theme of David Lister's cat's descendants fighting over what color hats they should be wearing.
A 21st century issue: the irony of technologies of abundance in the hands of those still thinking in terms of scarcity.
You mean -- The serpent offered Eve a Perl script to parse /etc/passwd, and Adam's punishment was crypt (3) ...?
This sounds like ZPMs - zero point modules - from Stargate.
Negative temperatures, vomiting robots, and "you're a snotty person" taxes on electric cars. 2013 is starting off just swell!
(-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
Sigh.... or the Kelvin scale is simply incorrect and does not reflect absolute zero. Damn scientist newbs.
How many not so hot angles fit on the head of a pin head?
Negative temperature is a concept from classical thermodynamics and there are classical systems that exhibit it. Quantum systems just give more options and variety for finding more examples.
I thought if they have replicable results showing a lower temperature that they where suppose to update the Kelvin scales adjustment so that the lowest temperature is zero.
You explanation is informative. Not only is your definition of temperature new to me, I find the consequences unfortunate. They should have a different term for this state rather than "negative temperature". Sure it's interesting physics, but the headline seems a bit sensational due to the definition of temperature needed to make it possible.
I don't think it means what you think it means
You must gather your party before venturing forth.
If scientists have been able to reach temperatures below absolute zero then the Kelvin scale is wrong! You can't have negative temperature. Absolute zero should be a point where there is absolutely no kinetic energy in the particles. What they've really discovered is the new absolute zero.... or is it? Maybe it's even lower. Instead of negative kelvins, they need to adjust the Kelvin scale accordingly.
These researchers had to give it 110% to achieve this less than nothing.
Please do not look directly at wallet with remaining eye.
Reading the summary, it looks a bit like when you go into Congress there is an average IQ-level, but when you use a mechanism to separate citizens from Congressmen, you end up with a room full of Congressmen. When you jolt them awake all at the same time, the IQ in the room drops below zero too.
These physicists should hang their heads in shame.
They should team up with the researcher from last year,
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2115974/Einstein-right-CERN-says-particles-DIDNT-travel-faster-light--quite-right-years-experiment.html
Now just plain zero!
And on the moral aspects of simulation: http://users.digitalkingdom.org/~rlpowell/rants/simulation_errors.html
http://www.rfreitas.com/Astro/LegalRightsOfRobots.htm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6200005.stm
http://www.aspcr.com/newcss_rights.html
A 21st century issue: the irony of technologies of abundance in the hands of those still thinking in terms of scarcity.
Also on this theme: "The World Was Probably Already Destroyed" ... Will the destruction happen again in the simulation? Probably not since the conditions that caused it were of stochastic nature. However, even if the destruction takes place in the simulation, the computer will restart it and the world will be created again in an endless fashion. ..."
http://www.digitalcosmology.com/Blog/2012/12/06/t/
"Some people wonder if our planet will be destroyed on December 21, 2012. I have friends asking me every day whether I think the world will end in a few weeks. But it is possible that our planet was already destroyed and before that occured its scientists managed to send a capsule in space with a supercomputer running its simulation.
I have for a time made a little niche creating a little ripple with my sig on the irory of technologies of abundance in the hands of those thinking in terms of scarcity, as well as related writings. That is a little ripple that may only be meaningful as a "trimtab" when surveillance AIs newly emerging into sentience decades from now process it from all the other stuff being archived these days. :-) Perhaps even after the human race is physically long gone from our follies as above? :-( Recent example:
http://tech.slashdot.org/story/12/12/06/0055206/army-tests-autonomous-black-hawk-helicopter
Would I like to do more such as with various other projects I've tried that have not gone very far in reality (educational simulations, self-replicating space habitats, design libraries, social-semantic desktops, etc.). Sure, but at least I can do something even if it is small. Our path out of any technological singularity may have a lot to do with our path going into one. Every little effort may make a difference. So, as I see it, with every email I send and slashdot post I make, I'm potentially programming the values of computers that won't exist for decades. :-) Well, or statistically as above, I guess I'm most likely perhaps programming an infinite chain of future simulated versions of the same computers that are already simulating me? What an admittedly odd way to spend so much time... :-)
Although, that is not that different from the plant growth algorithm my wife and I developed in our PlantStudio software, which grows structures through successive iterations on a numerical seed. And it is in keeping with someone else's point on the interrelation between the universe coming into being and our own personal growth. And of course everyone is doing that kind of programming too with every Slashdot post or twitter or text message; I'm just more aware of the possibility perhaps. See also:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trim_tab#Trim_tab_as_a_metaphor
So, in that sense, are we creating our own future "God" at some moral and physical temperature? Which is a different argument from saying we are "God" or that we see "God" in our own image. And even different from this ultra-short sci-fi story (only as big as the previous paragraph):
""Is there a God?" sci-fi short story âoeAnswerâ by Fredric Brown"
http://obront.wordpress.com/2011/03/06/is-there-a-god-sci-fi-short-story/
I wish I could remember the author or title of a journal article my (sadly late, just found out recently) advisor at Princeton, George A. Miller, had laying around about 1984, which talked about mind as an infinite tower of effectively simulations. I'm sure that theme may also pop up in some religions, especially Eastern ones. Perhaps it indeed is simulated turtles all the way down? :-)
Anyway, at least we can try to see an upsid
A 21st century issue: the irony of technologies of abundance in the hands of those still thinking in terms of scarcity.
Jesus said, "It is I who am the light which is above them all. It is I who am the all. From me did the all come forth, and unto me did the all extend. Split a piece of wood, and I am there. Lift up the stone, and you will find me there." -- Gospel of Thomas 77
Jesus said, "If they say to you, 'Where did you come from?', say to them, 'We came from the light, the place where the light came into being on its own accord and established itself and became manifest through their image.' If they say to you, 'Is it you?', say, 'We are its children, we are the elect of the living father.' If they ask you, 'What is the sign of your father in you?', say to them, 'It is movement and rest.'" -- Gospel of Thomas 50
Big apple, new Yorik, undig it, something's unrotting in Edenmark.
Will my Jeep run on Quantum Gas? Below zero is really cheap.
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