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3D-Printed Teeth Can Kill 99% of Dental Bacteria (thestack.com)

An anonymous reader writes: A research group in the Netherlands has developed a new plastic resin that can destroy most dental bacteria when used for the creation of dental appliances via 3D-printing. The process involves embedding antimicrobial quaternary ammonium salts inside extant dental resin polymers. Since the salts are positively charged, these disrupt negatively-charged bacterial membranes. The process is also being mooted for use in the creation of knee arthroplasties, and in the manufacture of children's toys and food packaging.

120 comments

  1. Amm... printed Teeth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I think by the time you *need* printed teeth, the bacteria pretty much has done its thing.

    1. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by Mr+D+from+63 · · Score: 5, Funny

      I think by the time you *need* printed teeth, the bacteria pretty much has done its thing.

      Yeah, but then you can bite people without infecting them.

    2. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      So... no more fast zombies?

    3. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by hcs_$reboot · · Score: 2

      Spoiler: this is how ends the walking dead

      --
      Slashdot, fix the reply notifications... You won't get away with it...
    4. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Yeah, but then you can bite people without infecting them.

      Your weekend parties must be a blast!

    5. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by JustAnotherOldGuy · · Score: 1, Troll

      I think by the time you *need* printed teeth, the bacteria pretty much has done its thing.

      Ah yes, another wonderful example of god's amazing "Intelligent Design" in all its glory...teeth that inevitably decay, even with careful, meticulous daily maintenance.

      Left to themselves they quickly become rotten and infected and kill you.

      Stand in awe of the Wonders Of His Ineffable and Mysterious Plan!

      --
      Just cruising through this digital world at 33 1/3 rpm...
    6. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by rgbatduke · · Score: 1

      If I had mod today, sir, I would mod you down to Hell for your appalling lack of respect for the Divine Plan. Unfortunately, my arthritis is killing me, my brain is slowly deteriorating due to atherosclerotic plaque and amyloidosis, my appendix is flaring up again, and my children have a lean and hungry look to them that suggests that they are eager to recover all of the resources I consume by continuing to exist in competition with them -- and (I almost forgot) I have no mod points to give or take.

      I'm hoping that His Divine Plan includes the mundane discovery by Divinely Inspired Even if Atheistic scientists of how to rebud teeth using stem cells, regrow hair cells in the cochlea ditto, introduce plaque eating autologous phages into my blood stream (ideally ones that can deal with surplus amyloid), inject my cells with the anti-cancer DNA that they lack in sufficient quantity to do much good, rewind my telomeres, and restore my mitochondrial activity to the point where fat melts from my belly and my cells lose their insulin resistance once again. Oh, and trigger at least limited regrowth of nerves previously damaged by all of this rot would be nice as well. Ideally in the next few years, God -- otherwise it will be too late to frustrate my children for a few more decades and force them to demonstrate their own damn fitness...

      --
      Even when the experts all agree, they may well be mistaken. --- Bertrand Russell.
    7. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      >le enlightened gentleman does ebin fedora tip

    8. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      said a guy who never had a crown that years later ended up needing a root canal!

    9. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by ewibble · · Score: 1

      Don't get me wrong, I do not believe in intelligent design at all, but deaf and decay seem like a integral part of society progressing. If I was to "design" life may well be part of it, even though the individual organisms in it may not like it.

      If people did not die you would be stuck with your parent's ideas for ever. The older generation would never release there resources to the younger one, that is if they would even have children in the first place, why would they, if they are going to live forever. Death even though horrible seems like a necessary part of life.

    10. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

      Hell, I'd be happy if someone managed to add opiate pathway genes to a coffee bean.

      Great expectations and all that.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    11. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by JustAnotherOldGuy · · Score: 3, Funny

      that is if they would even have children in the first place, why would they, if they are going to live forever

      I didn't have kids because I'm going to die someday, I had kids because I wanted someone else to do the dishes.

      --
      Just cruising through this digital world at 33 1/3 rpm...
    12. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by Jack+Griffin · · Score: 1

      But, but... 3D Printing!!!

    13. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by rhyous · · Score: 1

      Wait. Intelligent Design is proven. That intelligent design is possible and happens is proven. We humans have practiced intelligent design. We have changed evolution. Manipulated DNA. Designed new species. Sure, many people are afraid of some of this, such as GMO products, but that doesn't change the fact that we humans are intelligent and we sure do design new life.

      Did you mean you don't believe in a perfect supreme being? Because not believing in intelligent design is kind of silly as it is already scientifically proven. I'll buy not believing a perfect supreme being. I believe in God and I don't even believe in a perfect supreme being.

    14. Re:Amm... printed Teeth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ID isn't a theory about design of any old thing. It's a theory (hell, not even that - it's a proposition) about the origin of life.

      It's nothing but 'scientific' creationism with God references taken out. Google cdesign proponentsists if you don't believe it.

  2. Come on Slashdot.. by Rei · · Score: 4, Funny

    ... you can work 3d printing into a higher percentage of your stories than this. Here, let me help:

    Experts Chime In To Explain Fukushima Thryoid Cancer Concerns; Possibility To 3D Print New Thyroids?
    Samsung Demos PCIe NVMe SSD At 5.6 GB Per Second, 1 Million IOPS - Can Store Over 100k Printable 3D Models
    DARPA Program Targets Image Doctoring, Hasn't Yet Tackled 3D Printed Duplicates
    Oracle Fixes Java Vulnerability Used By Russian Cyberspies With 3D-Printed Keyboard We Assume Based On No Evidence
    Should Japan Restart More Nuclear Power Plants And Retrofit Them With 3D-Printed Control Rods?
    Only 8% of the Universe's Habitable Worlds Have Formed So Far; Remainder Awaiting Jumbo-Sized MakerBot.

    Come on, Slashdot, you can do it!

    --
    The War of 1812... the good 'ol days when the federal government actually tried to save New Orleans.
    1. Re:Come on Slashdot.. by bbelt16ag · · Score: 2

      Give it time we will run into all of these, put them on paper in a vault and check back once every 10 years, pass on to children repeat..

      --
      NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER NEVER GIVE UP! "No limitations, no boundaries, there is no reason for them."
    2. Re:Come on Slashdot.. by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 1

      Whoa, nice.

    3. Re:Come on Slashdot.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      All we need is an article about Tesla using 3d printing for something, and we'll win the game!

    4. Re:Come on Slashdot.. by Rei · · Score: 1

      I don't know if Tesla 3d prints anything, but SpaceX's SuperDraco thrusters are 3d printed. :)

      --
      The War of 1812... the good 'ol days when the federal government actually tried to save New Orleans.
    5. Re:Come on Slashdot.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No, they're not. Just a part of it.

    6. Re: Come on Slashdot.. by Rei · · Score: 1

      It was announced in May 2014 that the flight-qualified version of the SuperDraco engine is fully printed, and is the first fully printed rocket engine. In particular, the engine combustion chamber is printed of Inconel, an alloy of nickel and iron, using a process of direct metal laser sintering, and operates at a chamber pressure 6,900 kilopascals (1,000 psi) at a very high temperature. The engines are contained in a printed protective nacelle to prevent fault propagation in the event of an engine failure.[14][15][1] The engine completed a full qualification test in May 2014, and is slated to make its first orbital spaceflight in 2015 or 2016.[1]

      The ability to 3D print the complex parts was key to achieving the low-mass objective of the engine. According to Elon Musk, "Itâ(TM)s a very complex engine, and it was very difficult to form all the cooling channels, the injector head, and the throttling mechanism. Being able to print very high strength advanced alloys ... was crucial to being able to create the SuperDraco engine as it is."[16]

      The 3D printing process for the SuperDraco engine dramatically reduces lead-time compared to the traditional cast parts, and "has superior strength, ductility, and fracture resistance, with a lower variability in materials properties."[5]

      According to Elon Musk, cost reduction through 3D printing is also significant, in particular because SpaceX can print an hourglass chamber where the entire wall consists of interval cooling channels, which would be impossible without additive manufacturing.[17]

      --
      The War of 1812... the good 'ol days when the federal government actually tried to save New Orleans.
    7. Re:Come on Slashdot.. by Coren22 · · Score: 1

      I'm waiting to be able to 3d print my own evil lair on a volcanic island.

      --
      APK likes to ask for responses to the same things over and over. Maybe he just likes the responses?
    8. Re:Come on Slashdot.. by r-diddly · · Score: 1

      Good one. Well since my personal pet peeve is Slashdot's advertising for The (goddamned motherfucking) Martian, I'll rewrite these for that:

      Fukushima Thryoid Cancer Concerns Remarkably Similar to Those Depicted in The Martian
      Author of The Martian Debunks Samsung PCIe NVMe SSD At 5.6 GB Per Second
      Could DARPA Image Doctoring Program Be Used To Fake Mars Landing?
      Oracle Fixes Java Vulnerability, Unlike Anything That Happens in The Martian
      Should Japan Build Nuclear Power Plants on Mars Since They're Doing So Fucking Well With Them On Earth?
      Only 8% of the Universe's Habitable Worlds Are Mars, Says Matt Damon

  3. Because evolution doesn't exist by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 3, Insightful

    This technique will clearly work forever, because we all know that bacteria populations do not evolve to take advantage of useful niches when other populations wane.

    After all, there's no real advantage to taking over a nice warm, wet, mobile and highly interacting environment that accounts for a large percentage of the entire planet's land mammal biomass.

    1. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by DRJlaw · · Score: 3, Insightful

      This technique will clearly work forever, because we all know that bacteria populations do not evolve to take advantage of useful niches when other populations wane.

      Since you clearly will not live forever, why do you even bother?

      *beat pause*

      Exactly...

      That's why they're developing this material. It's still better than the alternative.

    2. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by cdrudge · · Score: 5, Informative

      I have a friend who's jaw bone became infected after bacteria decided to take up residence under some dental caps. She's been fighting for over 3 years to get things corrected and has had multiple surgeries where they peeled her gums back so that they could shave the bone down to remove the infection. This is in addition to needing to get new temporary caps every couple of months as she couldn't get her semi-permanent ones until the infection was completely cleared up.

      She was really excited when I showed her an article about this technology several days ago not because it would help her with what she was going through, but some day it might help others not to have to go through what she went through.

      The substance isn't suppose to take the place of regular dental hygiene, or to kill off everything. But if it can help kill off bacteria in hard to reach/clean locations which is pretty common with implants and braces, then that's a good thing.

    3. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by Maury+Markowitz · · Score: 4, Insightful

      > It's still better than the alternative.

      No no no, we definitely do NOT know that. Wiping out one population makes way for others that will definitely take up the niche. Those are currently being outcompeted by the existing population, but if you kill that off, that 1% remaining gets the whole thing to itself. This is what drives evolution.

      So the question is, and always should be, whether or not those 1% are more benign *to us* than the 99% we currently have. Bacteria don't measure their success based on what happens to us, only what happens to them. Its very possible that the ones that are unsuccessful against other bacteria are perfectly successful in attacking us.

      You have to be careful with these things, as the continual stream of stories right here on /. note. We have been putting anti-bacterial crap in everything around us, and now we are seeing the outcome of those decisions. Are we better off than in 1940? Absolutely yes. Are we better off than 1985? That is highly debatable.

    4. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      There are other strains of dental bacteria which don't produce the acids which destroy your teeth. When you completely wipe out the bacteria in your mouth, they get re-introduced from the environment. Take your pick; there's plenty of reasons this will work forever.

    5. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by fragMasterFlash · · Score: 1

      Since "quats" are already used extensively as sanitizers in the health care and commercial food processing industries its possible that it has already contributed to the evolution of existing superbugs like MSRA. Now please excuse me while I autoclave my tinfoil hat...

    6. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by Dog-Cow · · Score: 1

      Bacteria don't measure anything, much less a nebulous concept such as "their success".

    7. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Absolutely they do. Measuring success is very simple. Either you are successful and you are ale to pass your genes onto the next generation, or you are not successful and you don't. Bacteria (and in fact all life) does this simply though the act of living.

      The question is, will wiping out 99% of the bacteria in your mouth allow the 1% that survive to evolve into something REALLY nasty. And it doesn't even have to be 1%. In fact, I'm more worried about that one individual bacteria that right now simply is failing to get enough breathing room to do anything more than survive. What happens when it is suddenly provided with an environment devoid of any competition? Does it produce toxins that our bodies can handle in minute doses, but which kill us otherwise? Is it immune to current medications, etc etc.

    8. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Bacteria don't measure anything, much less a nebulous concept such as "their success".

      Read up on bacterial quorum sensing, if that does not count as measuring I do not know what would.

    9. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

      The biome won't change much if this only kills bacteria on the tooth surface.

    10. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by ewibble · · Score: 2

      Also we actually need bacteria to live, there is a lot of bacteria in your mouth that is good, aids in digestion, protects against decay, I find it bazaar that so many people seem tho think that all bacteria and must be eliminated.

      Even most "bad" bacteria helps us build up immunity, of course there are exceptions, and limits, but this anti bacterial craze, is just crazy, driven by an attempt for some companies to make money of our phobias.

    11. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by NicePics13 · · Score: 1

      Ah.. had a cyst removed from my jaw and got - surprise - an infection. A double dose of strong antibiotics did nothing but ruin my gut and the abscess was oozing and hurting still afterwards. Then my sis recommended oil pulling (yeah, right..) and I've been fine ever since. Did it 20mins, twice a day, for a week or so until it cleared up. Now I only do it as a regular mouth wash if I feel like it. High quality extra-virgin olive or coconut oils and the swelling and pain was gone. But then again I started doing it ASAP and not after so many years...

    12. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by cyn1c77 · · Score: 1

      > It's still better than the alternative.

      No no no, we definitely do NOT know that. Wiping out one population makes way for others that will definitely take up the niche. Those are currently being outcompeted by the existing population, but if you kill that off, that 1% remaining gets the whole thing to itself. This is what drives evolution.

      So the question is, and always should be, whether or not those 1% are more benign *to us* than the 99% we currently have. Bacteria don't measure their success based on what happens to us, only what happens to them. Its very possible that the ones that are unsuccessful against other bacteria are perfectly successful in attacking us.

      You have to be careful with these things, as the continual stream of stories right here on /. note. We have been putting anti-bacterial crap in everything around us, and now we are seeing the outcome of those decisions. Are we better off than in 1940? Absolutely yes. Are we better off than 1985? That is highly debatable.

      You're right!

      But by that logic, we should stop brushing our teeth, right?

    13. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by DRJlaw · · Score: 1

      It's still better than the alternative.

      No no no, we definitely do NOT know that.

      Yes, we definately do know that. You have to develop the material in order to test its outcome. If you do nothing, which is the alternative suggested by the GP, you do not know the practical outcome and thus, by definition, are worse off than knowing the outcome and rejecting the known material.

      You may be Kreskin, but the rest of us rely upon experimental evidence.

    14. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by Krishnoid · · Score: 1

      After all, there's no real advantage to taking over a nice warm, wet, mobile and highly interacting environment that accounts for a large percentage of the entire planet's land mammal biomass.

      Besides the obvious, it also has a much larger-scale strategic and geopolitical importance.

    15. Re:Because evolution doesn't exist by ToddInSF · · Score: 1

      The material doesn't make the entire mouth germ-free, it makes the junction and the artificial tooth unable to sustain bacterial growth. There is no down-side to that.

  4. Mooted: who knew? by rmdingler · · Score: 5, Insightful
    I would suggest weighing the long range effects of a bactericidal compound versus the perceived benefits of some form of germ free existence.

    The role(s) played by bacteria in the ecosystem that is a mammalian body are even now not completely understood...

    and microorganisms show a valiant ability to evolve around attempts to exterminate them.

    --
    Happiness in intelligent people is the rarest thing I know.

    Ernest Hemingway

    1. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      For those of us with terrible teeth, who have fresh cavities every visit to the dentist despite 2 or more times a day of brushing and daily flossing (and the dentist even agreeing that you're basically screwed, because your teeth come in clean as a whistle, but full of holes), well, this will be a godsend.

      Yes, getting a nightguard to prevent grinding my teeth has helped, but the damage is done and I'm probably going to get problems for the rest of my life.

      Trust me, once you get to experience getting a couple of root canals, you'd go for all sorts of stupid ideas.

    2. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Trailer+Trash · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I would suggest weighing the long range effects of a bactericidal compound versus the perceived benefits of some form of germ free existence.

      The role(s) played by bacteria in the ecosystem that is a mammalian body are even now not completely understood...

      and microorganisms show a valiant ability to evolve around attempts to exterminate them.

      This is what I came to say. We have 10x as many bacterial cells in our bodies as human cells, as bacteria are far smaller. We absolutely need them. They help us digest our food. They live on our skin. Probably a part of the reason we don't get infected often is that our friendly bacteria are able to fight off bad ones.

      Our mouth bacteria have evolved along with us. Yeah, they hurt our teeth if we leave food in there. But they have no evolutionary incentive to harm us. I don't want to kill the bacteria in my mouth as something far more sinister might be able to take up residence. Beyond that, I don't know what other advantages they might be giving me and I'd rather not find out the hard way.

    3. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Scottingham · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I don't think these teeth would kill off all the bacteria in the mouth. It would just prevent them from adhering to the tooth itself to cause trouble.

    4. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 1

      Perhaps the brushing and flossing is the problem, gross as the alternative is.

      --
      (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
    5. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I am in exactly the same boat. friend. I am practically obsessed with keeping my teeth clean, yet still have cavities every time I visit the dentist. Root canals are no fun at all, and really hurt the pocketbook. And it comes down to genetics; my mother had had awful teeth her entire life, her father, etc, all despite impeccable dental hygiene.

      I've been using Dr. Ellie Phillips' "system" for the past couple of years, and it has really helped to slow (but not stop) the issues. There's no crazy stuff that she requires you to buy, you can get all of it from your local store or Amazon. Basically, just clean your teeth in the order listed, and use Xylitol multiple times per day.

      Cleaning:
      0. Floss (once a day)
      1. Rinse with Closys mouth wash for a minute or two.
      2. Brush with plain old original Colgate toothpaste.
      3. Rinse with plain Listerine
      4. Rinse with ACT Fluoride rinse

      The Xylitol helps because it (apparently, eventually) starves out much of the bad bacteria. It's a 5-carbon sugar that they can't digest, but will preferentially eat over normal 6-carbon ones. You need multiple daily exposures.

    6. Re:Mooted: who knew? by mjm1231 · · Score: 1

      I don't think it's possible to know this based on the information given in the article. Do you have another source?

      OTOH, it's already well known what happens when bacteria populations are driven too low in the mouth. Fungi take advantage of the lack of competition.

      --
      Ideology: A tool used primarily to avoid the bother of thinking.
    7. Re:Mooted: who knew? by kheldan · · Score: 1

      ..friendly bacteria..

      Note that I am not disagreeing with your comment, but I wouldn't quite put it as 'friendly' bacteria. They co-exist with us in a symbiotic relationship, yes, but if you do something to put things too far out of balance, these so-called 'friendly' bacteria can overbreed and become harmful, too. As others above and below you have mentioned, we're just starting to understand how the populations of bacteria in and on our bodies impact our overall health and well-being.

      --
      Are YOU using the TOOL, or is the TOOL using YOU? Think about it!
    8. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > I don't want to kill the bacteria in my mouth as something far more sinister might be able to take up residence.

      Uh... like what? Cavity Creeps?

    9. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Careful with random advice.
      0. Flossing, yes, always. No known harm.
      1. I've never heard of Closys and I'm too lazy to research it...
      2. Studies have shown you don't need toothpaste. The primary study isn't perfect, but interesting none the less. Toothpaste can mess with your gums if they're sensitive and dries out your mouth. Avoid it long term.
      3. Listerine uses alcohol which dries out your mouth and damages your gums. Only use it if you have an infection you're trying to kill. Don't use it daily for months at a time. It kills the good bacteria in your mouth too.
      4. Fluoride is toxic to your body, damages your teeth, and weakens your bones. However it does reduce cavities by making it harder for bacteria to stick to your teeth. If you brush and floss well and aren't constantly eating candy, then skip the fluoride.
      5. Xylitol is a non-digestible sugar to the bacteria and you. It does fool the bacteria and helps hurt them, but it also fools your body. Even just using it as mouth wash, your body will spike it's insulin levels in anticipation of that sugary liquid it thinks you're about to swallow. Don't use it. Use coconut oil instead. Scientists aren't exactly sure why, but all the studies confirm it helps remove bad bacteria while protecting your teeth and gums. Spit the oil out into the trash instead of a drain to keep them from clogging.
      6. Don't be constantly eating. It takes time for your moth to clean itself after you eat. If you're eating something every hour then there's always new fuel for the bacteria.
      7. Don't eat so much sugary or starchy food. A bit of bread stuck between your teeth is horrible. A bit of celery/cucumber peel/lettuce/etc... is almost meaningless. The bacteria can't break through the fiber to eat it. Bread is effectively directly broken down and used by the bacteria.
      8. Don't forget to clean your cheeks and tongue. Your tongue touches all your teeth and can spread bacteria around.
      9. Brush your teeth before you eat not afterwards (and since you're not using toothpaste you don't need to worry about waiting 30 minutes). Eating softens your teeth and brushing them afterwards means you'll damage the outer layer even more so than normal. Brushing your teeth damages them, so always use the softest toothbrush available and brush gently.

      Maybe you should listen to people who don't have issues with their teeth instead of people who do.

    10. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Are you suggesting: brushing, flossing, then inoculating?

    11. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think it's possible to infer this based on the information in the article. It's clear the bacterial membrane destruction happens only on contact with the plastic embedded with the salts. The salts aren't leaving the plastic, or the material would lose its surface effectiveness very quickly.

    12. Re:Mooted: who knew? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Likely being a cause of the foods you eat, you'd rather have anti-bacterial teeth than figure out what's causing your issue?

      It seems very odd that people think like this.

    13. Re:Mooted: who knew? by beastofburdon · · Score: 1

      I suggest that your problem is that you are taking the advice of dentists without a second thought.
      The dentist makes far more money if the average person has poor teeth, so what exactly is their motivation to give you good advice?
      Let's go over just a couple of the things that dentists recommend for you:

      You should brush your teeth right after each meal -- For at least half an hour after eating the enamel of your teeth is significantly weakened by the acids in the food. Brushing your teeth during this time erodes much more of the enamel than at any other time.

      You should drink water fortified with fluoride -- Consuming large amounts of fluoride in your diet causes dental fluorosis. This effect is much higher when your teeth are developing. Dental fluorosis is absolutely terrible for your teeth making them fragile and far more prone to cavities.

      You should use mouthwash that kills bacteria -- You have bacteria in your mouth for a reason. We evolved to have that bacteria which helps in the initial steps of digestion and protects your teeth from harmful bacteria. On a side note, studies have shown that using mouthwash which kills bacteria is directly associated with a higher risk of heart attack.

      There are many more examples, but I do not have all day.

    14. Re:Mooted: who knew? by beastofburdon · · Score: 1

      No, the problem is brushing and flossing far too much. They are both important, but over doing it is terrible for your teeth. Do you know who benefits when you do so? The dentists that recommend brushing your teeth too much and at the worst possible time. Who tell you that you need to floss your teeth every day no matter what.

      When a profession profits greatly from your health being poor you shouldn't trust their advice to keep yourself healthy.

  5. It's the other 1% that you have to worry about by Chrisq · · Score: 4, Insightful

    It's the other 1% that you have to worry about. Seriously, killing 99% of the mouth bacteria could leave the way for a harmful partially resistant bacteria to multiply, like c difficile can do in people treated with antibiotics.

    1. Re:It's the other 1% that you have to worry about by argStyopa · · Score: 2

      That's not speculative; isn't that pretty much the observed pattern in the abundant examples of human overuse of antiseptics and bactericides? We kill off the multitude of fauna that evolved there, leaving it open for the aggressive, really DANGEROUS ones to now multiply unhindered.

      --
      -Styopa
  6. Microbiome by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    We have a lot of bacteria in our gut that, as it turns out, are quite beneficial and even necessary to our well-being. I would be surprised if killing 99% of dental bacteria does not come with ill effects.

    1. Re:Microbiome by Halo1 · · Score: 2

      We have a lot of bacteria in our gut that, as it turns out, are quite beneficial and even necessary to our well-being. I would be surprised if killing 99% of dental bacteria does not come with ill effects.

      It does: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pu...

      TLDR: having caries may help protect against head and neck cancers.

      --
      Donate free food here
  7. Organisms will adapt by mysidia · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ..... for use in the creation of knee arthroplasties, and in the manufacture of children's toys and food packaging.

    The manufacture of kids toys and packaging is a ridiculous and wasteful usage for an anti-bacterial product.

    The more common things you put this in.... the more organisms are likely to adapt so that this method is no longer beneficial, assuming the resources (such as food) exist for organisms to survive.

    It's best to allow the use of anti-bio technologies in only limited applications where it is truly beneficial, so you minimize the effects of natural selection.

    Otherwise, you will again have things growing on this new type of surface, and so it will most likely be rendered ineffective at some point in the future.

    1. Re:Organisms will adapt by AmusingClown · · Score: 1

      Given the mechanism targets a core property, this applies to both "good" and "bad" bacteria. The thing to fill the niche may not be bacteria at all...

    2. Re:Organisms will adapt by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      It's not wasteful if the plastic polymer is cheap and labor-non-intensive to manufacture compared to alternatives.

    3. Re:Organisms will adapt by Your.Master · · Score: 1

      He wasn't talking about squandering money or labour, he was talking about squandering anti-bacterial potential.

      With this said, I'm extremely doubtful that children's toy packaging is so biologically significant to Earth's ecosystem that it would move the needle on disease immunity.

      The trick is that bacteria lose their adaptations to bacteria-resistant things when the bacteria-resistant things are removed from their environment.

    4. Re:Organisms will adapt by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      That's not how that works. The population of bacteria over a surface is huge; it's not going to evolve to live on a plastic duck any more than humans have evolved to live in the antarctic without special equipment.

    5. Re:Organisms will adapt by mysidia · · Score: 1

      The population of bacteria over a surface is huge; it's not going to evolve to live on a plastic duck

      Sure it could..... the population of bacteria that will come in contact with such surfaces over time will be larger if they're on all the kids toys. If one cell eventually mutates and overcomes the properties of the material, they will thrive there and become plentiful, since there is no competition (They can survive in an additional environment that is almost everywhere and readily available, that other bacteria cannot).

      any more than humans have evolved to live in the antarctic without special equipment.

      Other animals have evolved to live in harsh conditions. Humans have pretty much stopped evolving, but it would still be possible..... after millenia.

      Human organisms have a much lower turnover rate than bacteria, therefore, there is a very low velocity of humans' ability to adapt through natural selection. Humans typically reproduce once in their lifetime around 20 to 30 years.

      A single bacterium can reproduce many times in a single day, so you can have billions of iterations within a single colony in a short time, exceeding the number of people on earth several fold.

  8. The good news and the bad news by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1
    The good news is 99% of the dental bacteria can be killed without brushing teeth or flossing.

    The bad news is, you need to knock your teeth out and replace it with plastic substitutes.

    BTW, which 99% of the bacteria this thing kills? The 99% of the bacteria in our bodies that are beneficial, symbiotic ones or the 1% malicious rebellious anti-eukaryote alliance bacteria? The 99% of the bacteria that is odorless?

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    1. Re:The good news and the bad news by bluefoxlucid · · Score: 1

      It's in your mouth, so it's killing localized bacteria.

    2. Re:The good news and the bad news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      What a brilliant non-answer.

    3. Re:The good news and the bad news by The-Ixian · · Score: 1

      I am not a doctor but this seems like it would be about the same thing as rinsing with hydrogen peroxide several times a day.

      Hydrogen peroxide is not an anti-bacterial compound, it just works as such because it breaks open cell walls which then kills the cells.

      So it would seem to me that this would be an indiscriminate killer of cells...

      --
      My eyes reflect the stars and a smile lights up my face.
    4. Re:The good news and the bad news by ColdWetDog · · Score: 1

      Sort of but not quite. Hydrogen peroxide is an equal opportunity oxidizer. Whether it comes in contact with a bacterial cell wall or your own, it will create free radicals and set up a romper / stomper pathway that will chew up most anything biological. Now, if you likewise rinsed your mouth out with some handy - dandy quaternary amine like Benzalkonium chloride, both you and your commensal bacteria would be in a world of hurt.

      The idea behind this system is the active compounds are covalently bound to the teeth so they can't wander off and dissolve, for example, your tonsils. Geofencing the downsides.

      --
      Faster! Faster! Faster would be better!
    5. Re:The good news and the bad news by The-Ixian · · Score: 1

      Thanks for the great reply!

      --
      My eyes reflect the stars and a smile lights up my face.
  9. Jaws by goombah99 · · Score: 1

    Will these teeth be used by Russian CyberSpies or Bond Villains?

    --
    Some drink at the fountain of knowledge. Others just gargle.
  10. If you give me a place to stand... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    If you give me a place to stand, then I can 3D print the world!
    -- With apologies to Archimedes.

    1. Re:If you give me a place to stand... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think the actual quote would be:

      "If you give me a place to stand and a large enough print bed, then I can 3D print the world!"

  11. Misleading post by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Why throw in 3D printed when it has absolutely no value in the tooth design and it's ability to kill germs? It's irrelevant.

    1. Re:Misleading post by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Because 3D printing. It's the future. We'll 3D print houses, and cars, and food, and organs, and spaceships, and space stations, and Moon colonies.

      Computers got better, therefore anything is possible, and you're a Luddite if you don't see this.

      Please ignore this 35th version of a leaky Yoda coffee cup.

  12. Too Early by Squatting_Dog · · Score: 1

    I haven't had my first cup of coffee yet, so, I don't feel so bad about having to lookup "quaternary ", "extant " and "mooted" this early in the a.m.! Come on.....admit it....a lot of you had to do the same thing.....

    1. Re:Too Early by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Um, no? What kind of sub-literate fool are you?

    2. Re:Too Early by truck_soccer · · Score: 1

      I couldn't help but notice that you forgot to log in so we could praise you and your omniscience.

    3. Re:Too Early by Cederic · · Score: 1

      I use 'extant' and 'moot' (or 'mooted') regularly. Quaternary I don't use but do know, just not in that context.

      Read more books. It'll help your vocabulary.

    4. Re:Too Early by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The kind that is not so full of himself that he looks up words in the dictionary?

      Seriously, you may not be as literate as you think if you don't occasionally look up words that you may have kind of an idea what they mean but can't explain exactly.

      And if you do know their meanings, do you know the etymology behind it?

      Do you realize that words evolve? Are you one of those people constantly "correcting" others for using the modern English version of "decimate" when you're so wise you "know" it means exactly what its Latin progenitor meant? (Okay, maybe you're not but you have still demonstrated your ignorance).

  13. Screw that... by Lumpy · · Score: 1

    I want bond villain stainless steel teeth.. Why cant we have those?

    --
    Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
    1. Re:Screw that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I want bond villain stainless steel teeth.. Why cant we have those?

      You're welcome.

    2. Re:Screw that... by roc97007 · · Score: 1

      I want bond villain stainless steel teeth.. Why cant we have those?

      Because you'd never, ever get a date.

      --
      Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
    3. Re:Screw that... by JustAnotherOldGuy · · Score: 1

      Because you'd never, ever get a date.

      He's on slashdot, so I think that's already a given.

      --
      Just cruising through this digital world at 33 1/3 rpm...
    4. Re:Screw that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    5. Re:Screw that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I want bond villain stainless steel teeth.. Why cant we have those?

      On a slightly more serious note, I don't see why we couldn't just use copper teeth.

    6. Re:Screw that... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > On a slightly more serious note, I don't see why we couldn't just use copper teeth.

      I can take a guess why we don't.

    7. Re:Screw that... by Jack+Griffin · · Score: 1

      Can you 3D print them? If the answer isn't 3D printing then we don't care for your opinion around here.

    8. Re:Screw that... by Lumpy · · Score: 1

      Sorry but JAWS got himself a nice hottie in Moonraker with his. so your argument is INVALID!

      --
      Do not look at laser with remaining good eye.
  14. Safe? by kheldan · · Score: 1

    Quaternary ammonium salts are used as disinfectants, surfactants, fabric softeners, and as antistatic agents (e.g. in shampoos). In liquid fabric softeners, the chloride salts are often used. In dryer anticling strips, the sulfate salts are often used. Spermicidal jellies also contain quaternary ammonium salts.

    Are we sure this is safe to have in your mouth 24/7/365? Long-term studies done?

    --
    Are YOU using the TOOL, or is the TOOL using YOU? Think about it!
    1. Re:Safe? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Who cares? It's 3D printed. Therefore it's like Star Trek. It can't be bad. 3D printing is like the coming of the Messiah.

    2. Re:Safe? by roc97007 · · Score: 1

      Who cares? It's 3D printed. Therefore it's like Star Trek. It can't be bad. 3D printing is like the coming of the Messiah.

      Back in my day, it had to be "digital" to be good. Get off my lawn.

      --
      Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
    3. Re:Safe? by roc97007 · · Score: 1

      Quaternary ammonium salts are used as disinfectants, surfactants, fabric softeners, and as antistatic agents (e.g. in shampoos). In liquid fabric softeners, the chloride salts are often used. In dryer anticling strips, the sulfate salts are often used. Spermicidal jellies also contain quaternary ammonium salts.

      Are we sure this is safe to have in your mouth 24/7/365? Long-term studies done?

      Long term studies are being done by customers. They may not realize it.

      --
      Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
    4. Re:Safe? by kheldan · · Score: 1

      Long term studies are being done by customers. They may not realize it.

      Really. So who, exactly, has been putting this substance in their mouths for years and years? Nothing mentioned above is anything that goes in your mouth and stays there for years and years.

      --
      Are YOU using the TOOL, or is the TOOL using YOU? Think about it!
    5. Re:Safe? by JustAnotherOldGuy · · Score: 1

      Back in my day, it had to be "digital" to be good. Get off my lawn.

      But these are digitally 3D printed so we must stand in awe and worship teh printed thingys!

      (I remember when "solid state" and "transistors" were touted as the next big thing. And fuck me if they weren't right.)

      --
      Just cruising through this digital world at 33 1/3 rpm...
    6. Re:Safe? by roc97007 · · Score: 1

      Long term studies are being done by customers. They may not realize it.

      Really. So who, exactly, has been putting this substance in their mouths for years and years? Nothing mentioned above is anything that goes in your mouth and stays there for years and years.

      Not "have been", but "will be".

      --
      Oliver's law of assumed responsibility: If you're seen fixing it, you will be blamed for breaking it.
  15. Jokes. by truck_soccer · · Score: 1

    I would love to have all my teeth pulled and replaced with 3D printed versions. I also want them to be running Windows 10 IoT so that instead of bacterial infections, I get malware infections, AND I get 2 trendy buzzwords with one simple operation!

  16. The pesky 1% by Crowd+Computing · · Score: 1

    With harmful bacteria you have to be 100% efficient, or you're just contributing to their evolutionary progression. This still leaves the question of whether harmful bacteria are really 100% harmful. There are nasty bacteria on the ground that prevent us from getting overwhelmed by an avalanche of rotting corpses. Some of the dental bacteria might be there for a similar reason. Maybe a better solution is not to kill the bacteria but to develop decay-resistant teeth or teeth coating.

  17. Yum...Ammonium salts by omnichad · · Score: 1

    I'm sure that tastes great.

    1. Re:Yum...Ammonium salts by The-Ixian · · Score: 1

      less filling!

      --
      My eyes reflect the stars and a smile lights up my face.
    2. Re:Yum...Ammonium salts by omnichad · · Score: 1

      That's such a good dental pun that I have to admire it.

  18. Evolution... super bacteria by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Ummm... I know this might sound like a good idea, but is it REALLY a good idea to surround ourselves with anti-bacterial materials?

    I mean, evolution will inevitably produce bacterial that can survive these materials, with unknown consequences. I think I'd rather know my enemy and fight them with traditional means, rather that go this route.

    Am I the only one who thinks having a slightly dirty environment not only helps our immune system encounter and combat the nasties, but also helps to prevent the evolution of super bugs?

    1. Re:Evolution... super bacteria by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      evolution will inevitably produce bacteria

      That's not a given. For instance, evolution will not inevitably produce bacteria that can survive inside the sun. In this case, evolution would have to produce bacteria with neutral or weak charge in their cell walls (if they developed strongly positively charged walls, then they would be repelled by the salts and while they would probably survive, they would probably be surviving elsewhere, not surviving on the teeth).

  19. Sigh.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    Lets say you kill 99% of the bacteria
    Lets say that the doubling time is 2 hours (in optimal conditions, bacteria can double in ~ 18 minutes)

    do the math: after a few days, at most, you are back to start, but with bacteria that are resistant to common dis infectants

    also, if you have like a basic knowledge of bacteria and human health, you know that "health" for exposed surfaces, like skin teeth gums, is a *balance* between good an bad bacteria: if the plastic tooth kills off good bacteria, you are much worse off
    (this is how most C difficile infections start: the antibiotic, like vancomyin, kills most of the bacteria in your gut; the normal low level of C diff, which is resistant, can then grow unimpeded by competition with other species...)

    this is progress ?

  20. Blender+Tube by Stan92057 · · Score: 1

    = fresh, white teeth. ;}

    --
    Jack of all trades,master of none
  21. 3D-printed, anit-bacterial teeth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That's a Clear Choice.

  22. Mooted? by alex_guy_CA · · Score: 1
    "The process is also being mooted for use in the creation of knee arthroplasties..."

    moot

    moot/Submit

    verb

    past tense: mooted; past participle: mooted

    raise (a question or topic) for discussion; suggest (an idea or possibility). "Sylvia needed a vacation, and a trip to Ireland had been mooted"

    TIL

  23. 3-D? by MooseTick · · Score: 1

    So to summarize, a type of plastic is not bacteria friendly. To make it more interesting, they made an article saying that it could be used as fake teeth. And to make that more interesting, they had to add that it could be 3-D printed. Why didn't they go for the hat trick and say it could be delivered to your mouth by a drone?

  24. 99% just means a new biome will flourish. by Culture20 · · Score: 1

    That 1% will grow unchecked. And how much of the 99% is good for us?

  25. Nevermind bacterial evolution by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Everybody's going on about the bacterial evolution, but what about the chemical itself? Will this be tomorrow's mercury amalgam?

  26. umm.. some bacteria are beneficial by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Wonder what this would do to your gut bacteria when it inevitably leaks in there....

    better buy lots of tp...

  27. What could go wrong? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Toxicity

    Quaternary ammonium compounds can display a range of health effects, from mild skin and respiratory irritation up to severe caustic burns on skin and gastro-intestinal lining (depending on concentration), gastro-intestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea and vomiting), coma, convulsions, hypotension and death. They are thought to be the chemical group responsible for anaphylactic reactions that occur with use of neuromuscular blocking drugs during general anaesthesia in surgery. Quaternium-15 is the single most often found cause of allergic contact dermatitis of the hands.

    1. Re:What could go wrong? by beastofburdon · · Score: 1

      You know, I was certain this was a bad idea due to the fact that you need the bacteria in your mouth, but damn, I had no idea just how bad of an idea it was.

  28. Now what could go wrong? by doomer · · Score: 1

    In any case, there is another alternative and that is to go on a ketogenic diet. Within a few months, the bacteria are gone because you are no longer feeding them. And along with the bacteria the plaque is also gone. It also works wonders for gingivitis and bleeding gums and it is all but free - no visit to the dentist required.

  29. Well, now that most of my teeth are gone... by orbitn · · Score: 1

    I was born without one of the genes that allows enamel formation. After root canals, post and cores, and crowns, I still lost them (as expected). Now they can just 3d print me up some? AWESOME! I'd rather have implants but don't have $20K.

  30. Won't mouth bacteria evolve to counter this? by ebusinessmedia1 · · Score: 1

    What is the possibility of mouth bacteria evolving to mouth super-bacteria? Bacteria are very adaptive creatures, and we continue to find out with many baterial diseases that were once wiped out, only tocome back stronger and meaner than before. Look at the FAIL in anti-bacterial soap - same thing.

  31. Seriously, by rhyous · · Score: 1

    This dang code. It is buggy and crashes at unexpected time. Good thing I didn't write the code, it just evolved over time. Surely this poor code wasn't a result of intelligent design. :-)

    Your assumption is flawed: Intelligent design != flawless design

    Also, you are mocking God and intelligent design but perhaps you really only meant to mock God. The idea of a perfect flawless being who can do anything and makes no mistakes. Of course the original word that translated to the word "perfect" in the Bible would arguably translate close to "complete".

    "The fact that human's can observe evidence of evolution and now can manipulate DNA and change evolution proves that intelligent design couldn't have happened because . . . oh, wait. We humans have proved intelligent design already? We proved it because we have done it? Wow. I didn't know. I was too busy being blinded by my overzealous, religious love of the theory of evolution.

    Evidence of evolution only shows that evolution happened. It does not disprove intelligent design. We humans have already used our knowledge of evolution and DNA and a lot of other knowledge to alter evolution. Are human's intelligent? Do we design? Yeah, we've moved beyond the point of proving intelligent design. It is proven. We are now looking to go to Mars. Do you think we will do any intelligent designing there? I do.

    Evolution is only a theory with very strong evidence. Intelligent Design is proven by humans practicing intelligent design.

    100% of the species we know have that have enough knowledge to practice intelligence design, do practice intelligent design. Sure it is a small sample size. But until we have a greater sample size, it is all we've got.

    How is it that you jump to believe something that is only a scientific theory. But you fail to believe in something that has moved beyond a theory and is actually proven? It kind of makes you look foolish.

    Personally, I believe God setup teeth for us to learn from. Let me give you some teeth. Then let me give you a second set. God thought: "Giving you a third set is easy but I'm not going to. Once you advanced in science and technology, I want to see you genetically create a 3rd set yourself. It will make you more "complete." I know. Your welcome. :-)"

    Maybe our Intellgent Designers come back every few thousand years to improve our race. Hasn't science found evidence of evolutionary jumps? Why yes, yes they have.

    1. Re:Seriously, by JustAnotherOldGuy · · Score: 1

      Also, you are mocking God and intelligent design but perhaps you really only meant to mock God.

      Wow, gotta get up pretty early in the afternoon to put one over on you, huh? :)

      But seriously, it's kinda hard to mock something that doesn't exist. On the other hand, with all the fabulous bullshit that "god" supposedly entails, it's a target-rich environment for mocking. I mean, here's this "all powerful" super-being who can't even do some of the everyday things I can do...kinda hard to buy into the "all powerful" claim when that's the case. (And yes, there are all sorts of things I can do that an "all powerful" god can't do.)

      -

      Personally, I believe God setup teeth for us to learn from.

      Your fruitcake-like beliefs are of no real interest to me.

      --
      Just cruising through this digital world at 33 1/3 rpm...
  32. Cancer by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Cancer