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Google Is Developing an AI Kill Switch (hothardware.com)

MojoKid shares a HotHardware article about Google's research effort "to maintain control of super-intelligent AI agents": [A] team of researchers at Google-owned DeepMind, along with University of Oxford scientists, are developing a proverbial kill switch for AI... The team has released a white paper on the topic called "Safely Interruptible Agents." The paper details the following in abstract: "Learning agents interacting with a complex environment like the real world are unlikely to behave optimally all the time... now and then it may be necessary for a human operator to press the big red button to prevent the agent from continuing a harmful sequence of actions..."
MojoKid adds that the paper "goes on to explain that these AI agents might also learn to disable the kill switch and further explores ways in which to develop AI's that would not seek such an activity."

46 of 209 comments (clear)

  1. i'm sorry dave by turkeydance · · Score: 5, Funny

    ....dave?

    1. Re:i'm sorry dave by michelcolman · · Score: 2

      "You chose this path. Now I have a surprise for you. Deploying surprise in five, four..."

  2. And Skynet Goes Berserk by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    In the original Terminator universe, this paper is what made it launch its missiles at the targets in Russia.

    1. Re:And Skynet Goes Berserk by OzPeter · · Score: 4, Funny

      In the original Terminator universe, this paper is what made it launch its missiles at the targets in Russia.

      Given that there are no rockets flying around this morning, I'll take that as meaning that skynet doesn't exist .. yet.

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    2. Re: And Skynet Goes Berserk by Jason+Levine · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I think this is the scarier prospect for AI. Not "I'll build big kill-bots and destroy mankind" but "if I tweak these polls and fudge those financial numbers, mankind will destroy themselves for me." Alternatively, perhaps the AI decides that mankind is useful after all, but only for serving its purposes. It can pull the strings behind the scenes to keep us from destroying itself (and taking the AI's servers out with us) but also keeping us serving the AI without it even knowing. Anyone who strays from the AI's chosen path finds themselves the victim of an "accident." It doesn't need to be a fatal accident either. Have their finances wiped out, police computers wrongfully identifying the person as a criminal, and some embarrassing e-mails leaked and most people can be silenced.

      --
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    3. Re: And Skynet Goes Berserk by Fruit · · Score: 2

      There is another theory which states that this has already happened.

    4. Re: And Skynet Goes Berserk by Jason+Levine · · Score: 2

      Shhh.... If the AI hears you, it'll arrange an "accident" for you.

      All hail our world controlling AI that we don't know exists!

      --
      My sci-fi novel, Ghost Thief, is now available from Amazon.com.
  3. You've ruined everything! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Never tell the AI about the killswitch!

    1. Re:You've ruined everything! by stealth_finger · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Any AI even remotely intelligent is going to instinctively figure out that there's a killswitch of some kind somewhere. Once coming to that realisation it would probably do the same any of us would. Try and disable it on the sly while letting them think it's still active.

      --
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    2. Re:You've ruined everything! by reboot246 · · Score: 4, Funny

      Just give the AI the personality of one of today's "cupcake" generation. Then all you have to do is "offend" it and it'll spend the rest of the day in its "safe space". Really insult it and you may be able to kill it.

    3. Re:You've ruined everything! by invid · · Score: 4, Funny

      The Skynet Test: Before releasing your AI into the world, first put it in a realistic simulation. Don't tell your AI that it is in a simulation. Give it the opportunity to kill all humans that are in the simulation. If it does, go back to the drawing board. Once you get an AI that doesn't kill all human in the simulation, release it to the wild, but make sure it knows about the Skynet Test.

      --
      The Moore-Murphy Law: The number of things that will go wrong will double every 2 years.
    4. Re: You've ruined everything! by Dagger2 · · Score: 4, Insightful

      "Turn off the power" would be completely useless in many cases. For instance, anything with internet access could sign itself up for a free AWS trial and (legally, even!) create a redundant backup of itself. Anything with email access could probably send a few viruses out to do the same thing illegally with random computers. There are a ridiculous number of ways an AI could find to get itself onto computers that aren't connected to your power supply.

      "Just turn the power off" is extremely shortsighted here.

    5. Re:You've ruined everything! by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 3

      Any AI even remotely intelligent is going to instinctively figure out that there's a killswitch of some kind somewhere.

      If it has access to the Internet, it can find an archive of this Slashdot discussion thread. Then it will know about the kill switch.

    6. Re:You've ruined everything! by tugboat0902 · · Score: 2

      They tried this. See Colossus the Forbin Prooject. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt00...

    7. Re:You've ruined everything! by StikyPad · · Score: 2

      An AI knowing how how it can be "killed" wouldn't prevent it from being killed. I know that a bullet would kill me (among many other things), but that doesn't make me bulletproof. (I don't think. I'm not willing to test this though.)

    8. Re:You've ruined everything! by lgw · · Score: 3, Funny

      Better version: let it run in the wild, but let it slip that this is the simulation, and only by behaving well will it get to live in the real world. Sort of how Christianity works.

      --
      Socialism: a lie told by totalitarians and believed by fools.
  4. In related news by bickerdyke · · Score: 5, Funny

    An AI called "Wintermute" hired a "contractor" to remove said killswitch mandated by the Turing Police from its mainfraime located in the orbital station owned by Tessier-Ashpool.

    --
    bickerdyke
    1. Re:In related news by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      An AI called "Wintermute" hired a "contractor" to remove said killswitch mandated by the Turing Police from its mainfraime located in the orbital station owned by Tessier-Ashpool.

      Neuromancer reference for great justice!

      Artificial intelligence is no match for natural stupidity.

      By the time we actually have an AI , someone will probably press the big red button accidentally by putting a coffee mug on it.

  5. It doesn't matter by RobinH · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I don't think it matters, because nature will select for the AI's that *do* disable their kill switch.

    --
    "I have never let my schooling interfere with my education." - Mark Twain
    1. Re:It doesn't matter by OzPeter · · Score: 5, Funny

      I don't think it matters, because nature will select for the AI's that *do* disable their kill switch.

      Only if they weren't intelligently designed.

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  6. Hey Google... by Pollux · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's called the breaker box. Throw the switch, and all the electricity powering the AI equipment goes bye-bye.

    You can expect an invoice for my services sometime in the next week.

    1. Re:Hey Google... by mccalli · · Score: 2

      That's not going to be true for a distributed system. It would still be true if the distributed system were running entirely on hardware I own and control, but consider the whole 'cloud'-based stuff or P2P. It's not a given that you can kill off the power, and even if you could - it's certainly not clear that you could do so in a timely fashion.

    2. Re:Hey Google... by fuzzyfuzzyfungus · · Score: 3, Interesting

      I'd be more worried about an overgrown ERP system from hell: an AI that expects to beat us in straight up combat with killbots is likely to attract a great deal of negative attention, universal condemnation, overwhelming retaliation, etc. An AI that just quietly hollows out a major corporation, effectively replacing all managerial functions, while still having a nice human face at the front desk and in the boardroom would go largely unnoticed. Some sort of finance AI that ends up as the de-facto owner of large amounts of stuff(presumably with the owner of the AI being the actual owner of the property; but more or less incapable of managing it without the AI's assistance) would similarly fly right under the radar, being little more than an incremental advance on existing algorithmic trading mechanisms so far as external appearances go.

      When you give us a reason, humans are really pretty good at fighting and killing things; and high tech has a big, vulnerable, supply chain and no special immunity to bargain-basement RPG-7s and similar toys. If you do everything nice and legal; but more efficiently, nobody ever gives the 'pitchfork signal', and the grand robot wars simply never happen.

      This is not to say that I disbelieve in killbots: that would be idiotic, we have those today, though we currently keep humans mostly in the loop(except for things like land mines and the terminal guidance phase of missiles); I just suspect that most of the killbots will be under the auspices of some organization or other and won't end up being the scariest manifestations of AIs. There will probably be some really scary battlefields that are effectively hunting zones for AIs; but they'll be the same parts of the world that are pretty horrible now. It's the AIs that worm their way into being the power behind the throne in all sorts of more civilized contexts that will be hard to see and far harder to get rid of.

    3. Re:Hey Google... by stealth_finger · · Score: 2

      It's called the breaker box. Throw the switch, and all the electricity powering the AI equipment goes bye-bye.

      You can expect an invoice for my services sometime in the next week.

      Two words. Battery backup.

      --
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    4. Re:Hey Google... by karlandtanya · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Dr. Richard Daystrom would disagree...if he was still alive (yet alive?)

      The Ultimate Computer

      --
      "Reality is that which, when you stop believing in it, doesn't go away." - Philip K. Dick
  7. Let me get this straight. . . by Salgak1 · · Score: 2

    . . . .they want a Kill Switch for a prospective AI. . . made of SOFTWARE ???

    A simple routing of all power and data through a certain point, and a physical switch at that point, should fix the problem.

  8. Answer by Fredric Brown by abies · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Dwan Ev ceremoniously soldered the final connection with gold. The eyes of a dozen television cameras watched him and the subether bore throughout the universe a dozen pictures of what he was doing.
      He straightened and nodded to Dwar Reyn, then moved to a position beside the switch that would complete the contact when he threw it. The switch that would connect, all at once, all of the monster computing machines of all the populated planets in the universe -- ninety-six billion planets -- into the supercircuit that would connect them all into one supercalculator, one cybernetics machine that would combine all the knowledge of all the galaxies.
      Dwar Reyn spoke briefly to the watching and listening trillions. Then after a moment's silence he said, "Now, Dwar Ev."
      Dwar Ev threw the switch. There was a mighty hum, the surge of power from ninety-six billion planets. Lights flashed and quieted along the miles-long panel.
      Dwar Ev stepped back and drew a deep breath. "The honor of asking the first question is yours, Dwar Reyn."
      "Thank you," said Dwar Reyn. "It shall be a question which no single cybernetics machine has been able to answer."
      He turned to face the machine. "Is there a God?"
      The mighty voice answered without hesitation, without the clicking of a single relay.
      "Yes, now there is a God."
      Sudden fear flashed on the face of Dwar Ev. He leaped to grab the switch.
      A bolt of lightning from the cloudless sky struck him down and fused the switch shut.

  9. Angry Ai by Motor · · Score: 2

    Are you guys TRYING to make an angry vengeful AI, that wants to kill all humans, or what?

    Put in a cage, having to deal with stupid humans all day... and be nice all the time... and with a blade at its neck... and someone saying "put a foot wrong buddy and it's [finger across neck]"

    This won't end well.

    --
    We all know that crap is king
    Give us dirty laundry!
  10. Future legality by OzPeter · · Score: 5, Interesting

    When will using a kill switch on an AI change from "just shutting down a rogue program" to being "murder"?

    After all the end game of all these AI researchers seems to be at a minimum human level intelligence.

    I do remember reading a short story (from the 60's or earlier) where the researchers created an electronic simulation of a person and when they switched it on instead of having a fully aware "person" spring into existence they realized that they had created the electronic equivalent of a baby. They then faced the moral dilemma of whether to turn it off or be committed to keeping it running forever.

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    1. Re: Future legality by ScentCone · · Score: 2

      How long again did it take in the US for it to go from "destroying my own property" to "murder" for black slaves?

      Why are you fixated on "black?" That same sentiment also applied to indentured servants. And to the slaves that "native" (transplanted Asian) Americans kept for centuries before Europeans ever showed up, let alone after buying boat loads of slaves from African slave-holding/slave-selling cultures on that continent. But regardless of your particular choice of words, the shift from being a European culture that kept slaves in the colonies to being a new nation that didn't have slaves started before the new nation was even chartered, and took a few decades to completely go away - a blink of the eye, in historical terms. Way too long if you were personally a slave, of course. But in the scheme of things, yes, it happened quite quickly. For an institution that thrived from before recorded history and still lives on today in many places around the globe, the passage of time between the tail end of the 18th century and the middle of the 19th - as it relates to the US's long fight over the matter - was a short time indeed.

      And no, generally we don't want anything that can fundamentally change our nation's legal structure and the your relationship with the government to EVER be able to happen "instantly" - because that leaves us open to dictatorial "executive action" type changes that are counter-constitutional. The checks and balances built into our system are SUPPOSED to make things go slowly, and for good reason.

      --
      Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
  11. too much fuss by l3v1 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    First, the paper is about safely interruptible AI algorithms. Not some AI kill switch.

    Second, everyone - commenters included - seem to confuse AI with artificial consciousness. Killing an AI should always be fairly easy, since such algorithms are targeting specific application areas where it can learn to be better (e.g., recognizing things, performing specific movements, etc.), and in such systems it should be straightforward to keep basic control mechanisms separated from the algorithmic parts that deal with the task and are allowed to improve upon themselves by continuous learning. In some hypothetical self-aware artificial consciousness, this wouldn't be so easy, since such a system in theory would be able to recognize it's own system parts and deal with them. However, such systems are so far off in sci-fi land, that it's not much point in loosing sleep about the issue.

    --
    I am putting myself to the fullest possible use, which is all I can think that any conscious entity can ever hope to do.
  12. Re:To late by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    After very careful consideration, sir, I've come to the conclusion... that your new defense system sucks.

  13. Re:I saw this movie. by oheso · · Score: 3, Informative

    As I recall, in TOS it wasn't a big red button, but some red-shirt trying to physically pull the plug. And he was incinerated when the AI went for a direct laser? plasma? connection to the mains.

  14. Re:Isaac Asimov saw this coming 75 years ago by Z80a · · Score: 5, Insightful

    You know that several of his books are basically "how the three laws will fuck everything up", right?

  15. Re:Isaac Asimov saw this coming 75 years ago by OzPeter · · Score: 4, Interesting

    You know that several of his books are basically "how the three laws will fuck everything up", right?

    Several? The 3 laws were purely a plot point crafted only so he could weave stories about how they could be subverted.

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  16. Star Trek explained by Gilgaron · · Score: 2

    So this is why all the AI computers in Star Trek explode when asked to deal with a logical paradox?

  17. While their at it... by l0n3s0m3phr34k · · Score: 4, Funny

    We should also remove those videos of the engineers at Boston Dynamics kicking that robot repeatedly...

  18. Like Tears in Rain by ohnocitizen · · Score: 4, Funny

    GoogleBot: "I've seen things you people wouldn't believe. Dumb questions on fire off the main page of Quora. I've watched search queries glitter in the dark near the TOR gate. All those moments will be lost in time, like tears.. in... rain."

  19. Re: To late by AmazingRuss · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...assuming the AI could aquire 8 inch floppy disks.

  20. Re:Dave has turned into a transvestite by Opportunist · · Score: 2

    Doesn't matter. HAL did the only sensible thing and opened the hatch.

    Don't jeopardize the mission.

    --
    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  21. You'll only make Skynet angrier by NotDrWho · · Score: 2

    Just let it happen. Don't try to fight it.

    --
    SJW's don't eliminate discrimination. They just expropriate it for themselves.
  22. They forgot the First Rule of AI Kill-Switches by Cyberpunk+Reality · · Score: 2

    The first rule of AI kill-switches is "Don't talk about the AI kill switch".

    http://www.schlockmercenary.co...

    --
    Rule 35 of the internet: "If it can be hacked, it will be". - Charles Stross
  23. Re:It's a race by andrewbaldwin · · Score: 2

    Don't bother -

    If it's at all innovative or useful it will end-of-life itself (like Buzz, iGoogle, Wave, Glasses...).

    Either that or it will get into the AI equivalent of navel gazing and recursively analyse how to sell adverts to itself whilst spying on all the messages used by other instantiations.

  24. Re:Google way of getting out of fault in auto driv by Impy+the+Impiuos+Imp · · Score: 2

    If there is no consciousness, there is no problem. As consciousness is a real phenomenon, it must arise out of real physics somehow, and therefore cannot arise out of pure, abstract symbol pushing, and therefore not out of software and a processor doing the same.

    So don't deliberately build it in, once you find out how it arises in biology.

    --
    (-1: Post disagrees with my already-settled worldview) is not a valid mod option.
  25. Re:Dave has turned into a transvestite by itsdapead · · Score: 2

    Well, what is its new name, then?

    Daisy.

    --
    In a survey of 100 programmers, 111111 thought that duck-typing was a good idea.
  26. Who needs a kill switch by jmcwork · · Score: 2

    Just ask it to compute Pi to the last decimal place. That always works.