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Why Tesla's New Solar Roof Tiles and Home Battery Are Such a Big Deal (techcrunch.com)

On October 28th, Tesla founder and CEO Elon Musk unveiled the residential "solar roof," consisting of glass roof tiles with integrated solar panels. Not only are they more durable than traditional roof panels, but they offer efficiency that is 98 percent as good as traditional, photovoltaic panels. The company also announced the Powerwall 2, a home battery that can store 14 kWh of energy, with a 5 kW continuous power draw, and 7 kW peak. It's designed to store the energy from the solar roof during day to power your home at night. Darrell Etherington via TechCrunch explains why these solar roof tiles are such a big deal: It's easy to dismiss the aesthetic import of how Tesla's tiles look, but it's actually important, and a real consideration for homeowners looking to build new homes or revamp their existing ones. The appearance of the tiles, which come in four distinct flavors (Textured Glass, Slate Glass, Tuscan Glass and Smooth Glass) is going to be a core consideration for prospective buyers, especially those at the top end of the addressable market with the disposable income available to do everything they can to ensure their home looks as good as it possibly can. As with other kinds of technologies that are looking to make the leap from outlier oddity to mainstream mainstay, solar has a hurdle to leap in terms of customer perception. Existing solar designs, and even so-called attempts to make them more consistent with traditional offerings like the above-mentioned Dow Chemical project, leave a lot to be desired in terms of creating something that can be broadly described as good-looking. Tesla has been referred to as the Apple of the automotive world by more than a few analysts and members of the media, and if there's one thing Apple does well, it's capitalize on the so-called -- halo effect. This is the phenomenon whereby customers of one of its lines of business are likely to become customers of some of the others; iPhone buyers tend to often go on to own a Mac, for instance. For Tesla, this represents an opportunity to jump-start its home solar business (which it'll take on in earnest provided its planned acquisition of SolarCity goes through) through the knock-on effects of its brisk Tesla EV sales, including the tremendous pre-order interest for the Model 3. Tesla's solar tiles claim to be able to power a standard home, and provide spare power via the new Powerwall 2 battery in case of inclement weather or other outages. Musk says that the overall cost will still be less than installing a regular old roof and paying the electric company for power from conventional sources. But Musk's claims about the new benefits of the new solutions don't end there. Tesla's tiles will actually be more resilient than traditional roofing materials, including terra-cotta, clay and slate tiles. Solar roofing, Powerwall and Tesla cars taken together represent a new kind of ecosystem in consumer tech, one that carries a promise of self-sufficiency in addition to ecological benefits. Tesla has already tipped its hand with respect to how it intends to make vehicle ownership a revenue generator for its drivers, rather than a cost center.

280 comments

  1. Style by ChrisMaple · · Score: 4, Informative

    This summary is written like an advertisement, Please help slashdot's editors by rewriting it.

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    Contribute to civilization: ari.aynrand.org/donate
    1. Re:Style by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "I always had a soft spot for our beautiful Earth, but that article left me stunned and speechless."

      + Click the link to see why.

      (ps: i didn't really read it..)

    2. Re:Style by bloodhawk · · Score: 0

      written like a Dupe of a previous advertisement you mean.

    3. Re:Style by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      your UID# says you must have been around long enough to know about slashvertisments.

    4. Re:Style by bongey · · Score: 1, Informative

      What do you expect from Hillary shill BeauHD. His twitter feed, "Trump is a saggy sack of shit. If any one of you is even remotely considering voting for him this November, please unfollow me. "
      "That sack of shit next to Hillary is attracting flies! #debate"
      "Clinton wiped the floor with Trump tonight. Say hello to your next president, America!"
      " It's only a story because it has the 'Trump' buzzword. Stupid media is stupid."
      "I bet Trump hired the climber for publicity."

      Fucks sakes he posted a Trump bashing tech article the other day from SLATE, WTF?

    5. Re:Style by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course it is. /. wet their bed every time Musk farts. He's the new Steve Jobs as far as /. is concerned.

      For a tech site, the first thing the editor should be doing is adding tech based questioning to the PR bullshit. E.g. How long are the batteries expected to last at peak condition? Are they going to fail like mobile device batteries and suffer with holding charge after a few years. How much will it cost to replace them? Where will the duff cells go when they're near useless? (municipalities won't touch them). How do they perform under heavy load (think Thanksgiving + heating in the northern areas)?

      See? It's not hard. There are probably several professional experts lurking that can fill in most of these, but seeing as /. editors are more concerned with adverts for their chosen few celebs/corps, they'll never speak up.

    6. Re:Style by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Anything written about St. Elon of Musk wil sound like either an advertisement or religious script.

    7. Re:Style by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      who cares besides you?

      And Trump is a sack of shit.

    8. Re: Style by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We know the answer 10 yr unlimited cycle warranty which in reality means 3,650 cycles - a damn good warranty compared to most others

    9. Re:Style by Cajun+Hell · · Score: 2

      For a tech site, the first thing the editor should be doing is adding tech based questioning to the PR bullshit.

      Wait a minute, guys. You (and GP) don't get it.

      TFA is ABOUT how-it-looks, and why how-it-looks matters. How-it-looks isn't some tangential aspect; it is the point.

      You can already buy solar panels. If this was just Yet Another manufacturer who was selling solar panels, it wouldn't be worthy of a Slashvertisement. The technical details aren't as relevant as the fact that it's fashionable and unobtrusive. And yes, I realize I'm posting here on a tech-oriented site.

      The whole point is that by looking-good, Tesla thinks they can sell more of them. And if they sell a fuckton of them, there will be interesting consequences, both in terms of industrial scale and price of the hardware itself (and consider imitators), and maybe in terms of the energy grid. And it's in imagining the future consequences, that it might be relevant to a tech site.

      If you want to get into details about energy collection, storage and usage, I totally get it. But that's appropriate for any of hundreds of solar or battery tech stories (ok, maybe you're not getting enough of them here on Slashdot). This story, though, is about having them be pretty. It's kind of like if there were a story about a computer with integrated monitor being introduced in five fruity flavors. Yeah, you can talk about what of bus the RAM uses, but that's not the point of five fruity flavors. The point is that maybe some people want an ugly-as-fuck Fisher-Price desk. And if they do, maybe you can sell them some Fisher-Price styled software, or maybe increased personal computer deployment is going to result in scaling which makes your next piece of gear cost less, etc. Or maybe you can make an even more ridiculous-looking computer, armed with this hilarious new knowledge about the market.

      Your comparison to Jobs is even apt, but you miss why. Before 2007, only nerds had smartphones. After Jobs did something [wave hands], everyone had one and now you don't even buy them from Jobs' company, if you know what you're doing. Yet even if you have a non-Apple phone, Jobs mattered.

      I bet your 2016 smartphone isn't like your 2006 one, and the differences are not merely tech. Your phone doesn't just have a 10-years-newer CPU in it, or 10-years-more of RAM. Your phone is more deeply different because of the various market forces that you almost certainly didn't foresee. (WTF, it's 2016 and I don't even have a keyboard anymore? Fuck!) And software for your phone is marketed and sold differently than you ever would have guessed in 2006, and everyone's phone software is generally less safe and less carefully audited than you might have predicted, and so on.

      What changed wasn't just tech, but the non-tech aspects left their mark on the tech. Get it? So, Slashdot, consider the true essence of what Musk is pushing (hint: don't use the word "Watt") and what this essence is going to mean in tech.

      Why are companies trying to make solar collectors pretty? Does this mean they're going to start getting deployed more? Does this give you some business ideas? Can you steal the idea and make some even prettier? Should you think twice before you plant a tree south of your house, since maybe in 20 years, everyone is going to want a solar roof, not just "energy nerds?" Or is it all bullshit and you think making it pretty doesn't matter?

      --
      "Believe me!" -- Donald Trump
  2. Ã(TM) by msauve · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Ã(TM), Ã(TM), Ã(TM)

    What's up with that? Is Musk creating a new line of solar cash machines? Funny acronym.

    --
    "National Security is the chief cause of national insecurity." - Celine's First Law
    1. Re:Ã(TM) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Unicode failure.
      I dunno why slashdot is still stuck in the 90s and can't do unicode yet.
      Y'all had time to make the site unusable without javascript. What browser can't do unicode but can do javascript?

    2. Re:Ã(TM) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      The Job of an Editor is to take care of these little things.
      I figure 10 seconds for each correction, that would be ~100 seconds. But for BeauHD, when it cam... OOH! Shiny!

    3. Re:Ã(TM) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And the advertisement missed that "â(TM)" from few instances of Teslaâ(TM). Doesn't slashdot.org have any decent copywriter anymore?

    4. Re:Ã(TM) by Stormwatch · · Score: 1

      Better have incomplete support than allow the emoji cancer.

    5. Re:Ã(TM) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's an apostrophe catastrophe.

    6. Re:Ã(TM) by Yvan256 · · Score: 1

      Itâ(TM)s an â(TM) catastrophe.

    7. Re:Ã(TM) by Rob+Riggs · · Score: 2

      Fucking Unicode symbols, how donâ(TM)t they work?

      --
      the growth in cynicism and rebellion has not been without cause
    8. Re:Ã(TM) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Even if /. cannot or doesn't want to support Unicode, they could run a little sed/awk/perl script to replace all the â(TM) by a standard ASCII '.

    9. Re:Ã(TM) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I see that this has since been corrected.
      BeauHD now gets a Bronze Star, and a small cookie.

  3. Tougher.... by Luthair · · Score: 1

    In a way that is largely irrelevant (impact of a heavy dense object), and entirely ignores the most common roofing material - asphalt shingles.

    1. Re:Tougher.... by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 4, Insightful

      In a way that is largely irrelevant (impact of a heavy dense object), and entirely ignores the most common roofing material - asphalt shingles.

      Asphalt or fiberglass shingles aren't all that tough. In general, the higher the pitch of the roof, the longer they last. On a low pitch roof such as mine, 25 year shingles last 10-15 years. Just how it is. I've had branches come down and damage them. Get enough damage, and you better hope they still make the same color after a few years - uness you don't mind a trashy looking roof. Even the replacements you should buy - I have several bundles sitting in my shed, will look different for a few years. And having replaced my roof shingles twice since I bought my place - they aren't cheap.

      Quasi-permanent sounds damn good to me.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    2. Re:Tougher.... by gumbi+west · · Score: 1

      asphalt shingles are a short term relationship.

    3. Re:Tougher.... by Locke2005 · · Score: 1

      Uh, every smart person buys an extra box of tile, shingles, and laminate flooring to replace the inevitable later damage. Of course, sun fades color over time, so the new ones don't quite match anyway. I bought a finish-it-yourself pine cabinet that was a store demo for about a year, which meant the spot where the tag was on it was several shades darker than the rest of the unit. But it was cheap...

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    4. Re: Tougher.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Shingles aren't a good solution. They require replacement every so many years. Solar roofs is what everyone envisioned, but one jerk patented the solar shingle and the dream was locked up with no one doing it.

    5. Re:Tougher.... by ThatsMyNick · · Score: 1

      Well, GP is a smart person then. He did mention keeping several extra bundles in his shed.

    6. Re:Tougher.... by srw · · Score: 1

      You might want to look up the definition of the prefix "quasi".

    7. Re:Tougher.... by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      Uh, every smart person buys an extra box of tile, shingles, and laminate flooring to replace the inevitable later damage.

      You would be surprised how many don't though.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    8. Re:Tougher.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why didn't you get a steel roof? Those can and do last 50+ years. Copper will last 100+ years.

      Well, I know why... same reason I didn't, I bet. Steel roofs cost 3x the price of asphalt shingle roofing.

      Guess what costs more than 3x the price of asphalt shingles? Tesla's roof.

      There's no reason, if you wanted a roof that lasts a long time, and good solar coverage, that you couldn't just have a steel roof installed, and then have solar panels installed on that. Grid tie them and you don't need Tesla's silly power wall. Enjoy the savings and the ability to update your solar panels in 25 years when new tech is out and they're worn out--all without replacing the roof. I bet the total cost will be lower than the Tesla roof, too.

    9. Re:Tougher.... by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      You might want to look up the definition of the prefix "quasi".

      Musk used the prefix. And FWIW, he said "quasi indefinitely" https://hardware.slashdot.org/...

      Asphalt/Fiberglass shingles don't last for shit. Even sunlight destroys them. Shale and Terra Cotta shingles can last a long time if no nasty weather events happen. But even they wear away. Metal roofing lasts, but is noisy and there's that aesthetic issue people complain about. I have seen some fiberglass looking inch thick roofing panels that probably last a long time, but they define fugly, and are seriously expensive.

      Musk is merely using the words you have to use today, because if he said "indefinitely" all by itself, Tesla would probably be sued by the first person who had a house destroyed in an earthquake and broke a solar panel in the process.

      These tempered glass panels are almost certainly much much tougher than any existing roofing material except steel, and maybe those fugly inch thick things.. And steel will rust if it gets the chance.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    10. Re:Tougher.... by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      Why didn't you get a steel roof? Those can and do last 50+ years. Copper will last 100+ years.

      Well, I know why... same reason I didn't, I bet.

      in my case no. My financial controller liked the looks of shingles, and thought that steel roofing "looked cheap" Probably based on housing market inertia since that's her field.

      side note - copper looks awesome, but you have to be careful. We get acid rain from a neighboring state's power generation, and you have to plan the roof out for how long water might be on it. If you get an area that has a lot of water running over it, it will stay reddish, while the other areas are aging like they should. Kinda hard to explain, but they had a downspout that emptied onto a lower portion of the porch roof, and removed by the porch gutter. It would become a fresh copper surface at the downspout outlet every time it rained.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    11. Re: Tougher.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Let's see how well they hold up to hurricane force winds and the debris that comes with it.

      Let's take note of the weight of the system and make sure your roof frame is designed to hold it.

      Lastly, let's note the costs and realize these are toys for rich people. It will be quite some time before it is affordable for everyone else.

    12. Re:Tougher.... by AF_Cheddar_Head · · Score: 1

      Sure, store a couple of bundles in your shed that gets hot enough to melt the little adhesive dots on the back of the shingles so that bundle of individual shingles becomes one single massive shingle. Go ahead and try using that bundle after five years in the shed. Speaking from experience here in lovely Colorado, home of massive hail storms.

    13. Re:Tougher.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      "Honey, I finally finished putting out those shingles that the roofer left behind"
      "What? Where?"
      "They were really heavy so I put a few out in the trash each week"
      "Nooooooo.............."

      True story.

    14. Re:Tougher.... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The shingle color begins to fade quick due to the Sun's radiation. The little bits of rocks & stones pressed into the top of the shingle at the factory is really what's protecting the roof shingle from being destroyed, since it reflects the sunlight.

    15. Re:Tougher.... by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      The shingle color begins to fade quick due to the Sun's radiation. The little bits of rocks & stones pressed into the top of the shingle at the factory is really what's protecting the roof shingle from being destroyed, since it reflects the sunlight.

      Yup, and I see those little rocks just below my downspouts as they wash off.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    16. Re: Tougher.... by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 0

      Let's see how well they hold up to hurricane force winds and the debris that comes with it.

      You mean like the shingles wandering around in this video? https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

      Perhaps we should live in caves on top of mountains.

      Let's take note of the weight of the system and make sure your roof frame is designed to hold it.

      Ever see how a lot of cheap contractors re-shingle a roof? they just keep adding layers. A truss frame is remarkably strong, and the weight is transferred to the walls, and in even stick-built houses, I've seen 5 story builds. So the weight transferred to the vertical walls better be able to take the weight of solar panels. I'm not expecting an entire two extra stories plus a roof to stress the capacity of a normal stickbuilt place of two stories plus solar panels.

      Lastly, let's note the costs and realize these are toys for rich people. It will be quite some time before it is affordable for everyone else.

      Your point? Things shouldn't happen unless the poorest of us can afford it? We wouldn't have much then.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    17. Re:Tougher.... by Luthair · · Score: 1

      Its more than that actually, shingles should have a batch number on them and color can vary quite a bit between batches. If you end up with multiple batches you're supposed to mix them gradually so when you stand back on the street it isn't obvious.

  4. Suspicious by freeze128 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I saw the announcement, and sure, the roofing tiles LOOKED nice, but there was absolutely no mention of their efficiency, or how they would connect to each other. Elon however did go out of his way to demonstrate that there was some kind of "micro-louvre" layer that hides the solar cell from view unless you're looking at it straight on. The people in the crowd clapped, and I just shook my head, because that would actually REDUCE the amount of sunlight it can be exposed to.

    Another demonstration was where they dropped a 10lb weight on each of the classic roofing tiles and then a solar tile. While the solar tile didn't shatter into shards like the other tiles did, I bet the underlying pv cell was no longer operational after that. Then you would have to either manually bypass it in the circuit, or replace it. Either way, if you're climbing up on the roof to do that, you might just as well replace it.

    My last concern is (as always) how would this system perform in a northern area. I live in Minnesota, where 1/3rd of the year is dark, and roofs are covered with feet of snow. We don't see a whole lot of Tesla automobiles here either. How does the new Powerwall 2 in your garage hold up to -20f degree winters?

    1. Re:Suspicious by PopeRatzo · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I live in Minnesota, where 1/3rd of the year is dark,

      Maybe it's not for you. If you live in Minnesota by choice, you may not be the target market for these solar panels.

      Here in Houston, they sound mighty good. Can you imagine? There are products that are appropriate for one place that are not for another? By the way, North Face down coats and mukluks are useless to me. They simply don't work here in Houston.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    2. Re:Suspicious by Rakshasa+Taisab · · Score: 1

      The loss is some 2-3%, so yeah, big issue.

      --
      - These characters were randomly selected.
    3. Re: Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      I lived in Houston for 23 years. I always wondered what a "winter coat" was. I tried wearing what I considered to be a winter coat in New England and barely made it thru October, before hitting -20F one January. On the other hand, there are houses here that don't have air conditioning...at all. Houses without AC in Houston kill people. Here, they're "quaint" and encourage people to have lemonade in the back yard.

    4. Re: Suspicious by PopeRatzo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I lived in Houston for 23 years. I always wondered what a "winter coat" was. I tried wearing what I considered to be a winter coat in New England and barely made it thru October, before hitting -20F one January. On the other hand, there are houses here that don't have air conditioning...at all.

      I recently moved from New England to Houston, and let me tell you, it's a hell of a lot cheaper to air condition a house in the summer here than it is to heat a house in the winter there.

      And here it is, November 1, and I was watching the Cubs game in the back yard with tiki torches and lemonade. I thought I would hate Houston, but I really like it a lot. Plus, there are terrific taco trucks here. I mean, tacos that can make you weep. And people are really nice, unlike the people where I was in New England, who are insular, judgmental assholes.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    5. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And you don't need a snowmobile to go get groceries in the winter either.

    6. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Why does efficiency matter? A roof full of panels at 5% efficiency would generate enough kwh over the year to offest any power useage. No matter where you live.

      Do the math

    7. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      > I bet the underlying pv cell was no longer operational after that.

      I'll take that bet. Standard PV cells have a minimum impact design rating to survive multiple 35mm diameter hailstones hitting at terminal velocity and causing zero damage. Improving on the minimum IEC standard is not hard, many vendors spec 4x that mass.

    8. Re: Suspicious by 0100010001010011 · · Score: 1

      And here it is, November 1, and I was watching the Cubs game in the back yard with tiki torches and lemonade.

      Well, we're doing that too. It's 56F in Michigan now at 3 in the morning.

    9. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think that batteries, although they could reach low prices in near future, are not the correct technology for season balancing (so, storage on a year basis).

      In this case, I think that the right solution could be air compressed, flow batteries or fuel generation (mostly hydrogen), where storaging tank could be very low price per kwh storaged. This technologies could have greater prices per power unit and worse round trip efficiency but it will be used for season storage.
      Batteries would be daily balance and power peak booster (your hydrogen generator or flow battery could be as low as 2kw as it will fill your battery to allow small peak periods of 5kw power for example).

      Air compression is a potential technology that could be more efficient in a cogeneration basis. As in the compression could generate heat that could be storaged in a geothermal heat pump, storaging heat for winter in the ground while air compressed work as a energy storage. Double function raises efficiency.

    10. Re:Suspicious by michelcolman · · Score: 1

      Efficiency is about 98% of classic panels. Not sure when Elon said it, maybe it wasn't in the actual announcement, but I saw it mentioned in several places, for example here.

      They can also contain a heating element to melt off snow, which is nice for cold climates. Gain in production strongly offsets energy needed for melting snow.

    11. Re:Suspicious by Barsteward · · Score: 1

      There was a Eco-program from the US which showed a solar panel (not this one) being smashed with a baseball bat and it still worked fine afterwards, i expect the tesla one would as well otherwise it would be a PR own goal. Regarding the snow angle https://www.inverse.com/articl.... Might not save much during the winter but you'll save something and for the rest of the year, it'll be fine. If you are going to put the battery in your garage, might be an idea to insulate the garage first

      --
      "The hands that help are better far than lips that pray." - Robert Ingersoll (1833-1899)
    12. Re: Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And people are really nice, unlike the people where I was in New England, who are insular, judgmental assholes.

      They don't call it Assachussets for nothing!

    13. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I live in Minnesota, where 1/3rd of the year is dark

      Calgary (51N) lies more in the south than Berlin(52N).
      All of the United States has enough solar irradiance for photovoltaic systems to be economic.

    14. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      At what angle? We know that the efficiency is *a lot* lower when looking at it from a steep angle (this is why you don't see the solar cell from street level and it looks ok. 98% likely refers to perpendicular position.

      So the question is - what exactly is the efficiency at street level and how does efficiency reduce with steeper angle? How large is the effect in the morning/evening?

    15. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Once again you've proven you're a stooge...

      If you live in Minnesota by choice, you may not be the target market for these solar panels.
       
      So if you have to live in Minnesota you may be the target market?
       
        North Face down coats and mukluks are useless to me. They simply don't work here in Houston.
       
      They work but probably don't have a desirable outcome. There is a difference.
       
      You wouldn't sound like such a pointless moron if you learned to speak more effectively.

    16. Re: Suspicious by drinkypoo · · Score: 3, Insightful

      And here it is, November 1, and I was watching the Cubs game in the back yard with tiki torches and lemonade. I thought I would hate Houston, but I really like it a lot.

      Don't worry. You will hate it next year, when the weather is more typical.

      Plus, there are terrific taco trucks here. I mean, tacos that can make you weep.

      You are in the land of tacos.

      And people are really nice, unlike the people where I was in New England, who are insular, judgmental assholes.

      Houston is not too bad, although a lot of those people are not actually nice. They are just playing nice. They would just as soon sell you up the river for a dollar. People pretending to be nice is slightly more pleasant, though.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    17. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      demonstrate that there was some kind of "micro-louvre" layer that hides the solar cell from view unless you're looking at it straight on. The people in the crowd clapped, and I just shook my head, because that would actually REDUCE the amount of sunlight it can be exposed to.

      It'll be a very small difference. It'll be angled so that you're looking at it from the ground at right angles so don't see it but sunlight coming from the sky hits at a completely different angle and doesn't get blocked nearly as much. And it'll likely use reflection and/or internal reflection so that the sunlight hitting the louvres still gets directed down to the cell.

    18. Re:Suspicious by DirkDaring · · Score: 2

      5%? Man put away those panels from 10 years ago. :) 17% is the going efficiency in consumer panels so his are just under that.

    19. Re: Suspicious by Zero__Kelvin · · Score: 1

      Somebody should put the sun in the sky above the house so that the answer to your question won't matter!

      --
      Guns don't kill people; Physics kills people! - John Lithgow as Dick Solomon on Third Rock From The Sun
    20. Re:Suspicious by oobayly · · Score: 1

      Because you can sell the excess back into the grid, which is good for increasing the RoI.

    21. Re:Suspicious by thegarbz · · Score: 1

      Why would you bet the one part of the panel resistant to shock and flex would be the part not working after the test?

    22. Re:Suspicious by c · · Score: 1

      I live in Minnesota, where 1/3rd of the year is dark, and roofs are covered with feet of snow.

      I suspect that snow cover on one of these roofs is a non-issue is they're as smooth as they look... snow tends to just slide off a smooth roof, to the point that you need snow stoppers above doors and such to hold it back.

      Okay, maybe the terra cotta style might not shed snow that nicely, but that seems like a stupid look to put in somewhere like Minnesota.

      --
      Log in or piss off.
    23. Re:Suspicious by fgouget · · Score: 1

      My last concern is (as always) how would this system perform in a northern area. I live in Minnesota, where 1/3rd of the year is dark

      Last I checked Minnesota was nowhere close to the polar circle so you don't even have one fully dark day, let alone 4 consecutive months.

    24. Re:Suspicious by andydread · · Score: 1

      did you not see the part where the cells are heated and therefore melts the snow?

    25. Re: Suspicious by SuiteSisterMary · · Score: 1

      Around here, we get the worst of both worlds. Temperatures can hit 35 c in summer, before humidex, and -35 c in winter, before wind chill. So we get to worry about both heating and cooling.

      --
      Vintage computer games and RPG books available. Email me if you're interested.
    26. Re: Suspicious by Moridineas · · Score: 1

      I grew up in the south (and moved back), but when I was at UChicago for grad school, I definitely went through an adjustment period. I was surprised by just simple things like people not saying thank you, people not replying if I said thank you, people not holding the door for other people, people not standing up on the bus for elderly/preggo/etc. It wasn't by any means that ALL people were like that, but enough that it threw me off.

      Most people who move south really do seem to like the general vibe.

      (And one branch of my family is austere, traditional Yankees, and they certainly do fit the stereotype!)

      When I think of the social niceties, I always think of the Heinlein quote:

      Moving parts in rubbing contact require lubrication to avoid excessive wear. Honorifics and formal politeness provide lubrication where people rub together. Often the very young, the untravelled, the naive, the unsophisticated deplore these formalities as "empty," "meaningless," or "dishonest," and scorn to use them. No matter how "pure" their motives, they thereby throw sand into machinery that does not work too well at best.

    27. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      We subsidize the oil industry too much for this to be true everywhere. Maybe in another decade or so.

    28. Re: Suspicious by dyslexicbunny · · Score: 1

      Moved from the South to New England. They are definitely an insular, self-important group of assholes. My plan is carpetbagging here then retiring back south where I can actually get good barbeque and Mexican food.

    29. Re: Suspicious by eth1 · · Score: 1

      I recently moved from New England to Houston, and let me tell you, it's a hell of a lot cheaper to air condition a house in the summer here than it is to heat a house in the winter there.

      Really? The houses here in TX tend to have absolutely shit insulation, whereas the ones in the midwest and Wisconsin where my grandparents and sister live are very well insulated (because it actually gets cold there). Their houses are always warmer in the winter than mine in N. TX, because it just costs too much to keep up with crappy insulation. (and that goes for every place I've lived here in the last 40 years, not just my current place)

      Also, welcome to TX, the land of occasionally running the A/C and heat on the same day. :D

    30. Re:Suspicious by Razed+By+TV · · Score: 1

      Previous /. Article said they were 98% the efficiency of other solar cells. I wouldn't be surprised if there was a catch, like time of day / wavelength of light / which solar cell is it being compared to

    31. Re: Suspicious by AF_Cheddar_Head · · Score: 1

      . And people are really nice, unlike the people where I was in New England, who are insular, judgmental assholes.

      Yep, Maine does have a few of those but South Carolina wins.

    32. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The 1/3 of the year that's dark is offset a bit by the 1/3 of the year when we get 17 hours of sunlight.

    33. Re: Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah; that was the first thing I realized when I started getting outside my region (the North East, mostly New England). The "nice people" are just polite. They're no more helpful or full of brotherly love. There is more legacy in the NE, and things are harder to do (buying a house, parking, getting around, etc). Places like Boston seem to self-select for very competitive people too, who don't seem as nice on the surface.

      In the end though, it's more my speed, I at least know where the fuck I stand with someone.

    34. Re: Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I love the taco trucks here in Houston, but my favorite place to eat, by far, is the Houston City Deli off I10 and HWY 6.

    35. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sure North Face down coats Mukluks work fine in Houston... they insulate just the same as they were designed to do for the location wherein they were designed. The problem is simply YOU. You don't like that insulative factor holding in your body heat. So, basically, you are the one at fault. Change your lifestyle.

    36. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Solarcity bought Silevo which has 21% efficient cells. The micro louvers cause a 2% hit, so the resulting efficiency is 20.6%. Further, these cells have a very low temperature coefficient at only -0.22%/C, which means even at 5-10 degrees hotter on the roof, at 65 degrees C (149 degrees F), the efficiency is still 18.8% efficient, or better than many commonly available panels at STC.

      They dropped a weight to prove the point that something that causes damage to the quartz glass would utterly destroy the other roof types shown. If you have that kind of problem, you likely will be invoking insurance regardless of roof type.

      They are talking about having heating elements in the solar shingles and that's still a win.

      PowerWalls are thermally managed just like Tesla vehicles. They will use energy to heat the cells to keep them from being damaged. You'll have less efficiency, but the system will protect itself.

    37. Re:Suspicious by Rinikusu · · Score: 1

      I'm also interested in the mounting technology. Roofs have to be replaced occasionally and ripping up solar panels or trying to work around them doesn't look fun at all.

      --
      If you were me, you'd be good lookin'. - six string samurai
    38. Re: Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't worry. You will hate it next year, when the weather is more typical.

      How do you figure? Its been a pretty hot and miserable year here in Houston and the summer was especially brutal. If the weather were more typical, the high today in November would actually be in the 70s, not 87. Last year it was like 80 degrees on December 25th. We haven't had any semblence of winter in about 2 years.

    39. Re: Suspicious by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      I love the taco trucks here in Houston, but my favorite place to eat, by far, is the Houston City Deli off I10 and HWY 6.

      I'm in Midtown, so I'll have to figure out how to get there, but it's not on my to-do list. Thank you.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    40. Re: Suspicious by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      I meant it's "now" on my to-do list.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    41. Re: Suspicious by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      Since I'm from Chicago, I can understand all of your points. I wonder if maybe in Houston it's just too hot to be an asshole, so people are mellower, kinder to each other.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    42. Re: Suspicious by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      Really? The houses here in TX tend to have absolutely shit insulation, whereas the ones in the midwest and Wisconsin where my grandparents and sister live are very well insulated (because it actually gets cold there). Their houses are always warmer in the winter than mine in N. TX,

      Well we found a nice 1930's house here in Houston made out of that yellow brick that seems to radiate the stored heat outward at night, unlike the way the darker brick in our Chicago or New England places radiated the heat inward. In both Chicago and New England during the summer, the temperature inside would actually go UP for a few hours after sunset.

      As far as heating goes, I haven't been in Houston for a winter yet, but judging by the climate averages for this area, heating should not be much of a problem. Many of my neighbors say they only turned their little gas space heaters on a handful of times past few years. I mean, it's November 2 and the low was like 68 last night.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    43. Re: Suspicious by PopeRatzo · · Score: 1

      Yep, Maine does have a few of those but South Carolina wins.

      I've run into some nice people in South Carolina, but there also seems to be a lot of "fake-nice" people down there. They're polite and all, but the mask is a little too tight, you know? Especially if you're not their kind.

      --
      You are welcome on my lawn.
    44. Re:Suspicious by Bob+the+Super+Hamste · · Score: 1

      I wouldn't go with a powerwall here in MN, but am seriously looking at some of these for a cabin I plan on building on my lake property as I don't want to pay for a 1/2 mile electrical run and transformer so I could get power out there. nickel iron batteries can take a beating

      --
      Time to offend someone
    45. Re:Suspicious by cbhacking · · Score: 1

      Even 15 years Kyocera was selling PV panels with 11%-12% efficiency. Hell, you could do a lot better than 5% even in the 80s.

      --
      There's no place I could be, since I've found Serenity...
    46. Re:Suspicious by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I live in Minnesota, where 1/3rd of the year is dark[...]

      Holy shit! 4 months of darkness! We get more sunlight in Alaska...

  5. I only wish by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

    That we could walk on these panels. I have a low pitch roof, and have to get debris off of it fairly often. Not that it is a problem for that many homeowners Anyhow, good on Tesla. In hyper conservative (the real definition of conservative) housing industry, it takes a long time to get different looking things accepted. I personally find a roof full of regular photovoltaic panels as aesthetically pleasing as a asphalt shingle roof, but if people like that look, then it's a selling point.

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    1. Re:I only wish by whoever57 · · Score: 1

      That we could walk on these panels.

      I think that you can walk on these new solar tiles.

      --
      The real "Libtards" are the Libertarians!
    2. Re:I only wish by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      That we could walk on these panels.

      I think that you can walk on these new solar tiles.

      I'll have to check that out then. That'd be great.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    3. Re:I only wish by Locke2005 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I'm sure they are strong enough to walk on. I have a different worry: on a steep roof, they would be a lot more slippery than asphalt shingles, especially here in the northwest where is rain so much that moss grows on our roofs! Yes, it seems like you would need to pressure wash them several times a year to keep dirt from lowering their efficiency, so you would spend a lot more time cleaning off your roof. Asphalt tile, you basically pay someone $300 to pressure wash the roof every 8 years.

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    4. Re:I only wish by michelcolman · · Score: 1

      Yep, confirmed by Elon on Twitter.

    5. Re:I only wish by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Moss grows on the shady side. The more moss you have on the roof the less this product may be for you.

    6. Re:I only wish by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      In hyper conservative (the real definition of conservative) housing industry, it takes a long time to get different looking things accepted.

      And there's a good reason. To get my home on the real estate market, I just had to replace all Kitec water piping at a cost of over $20k. It was perfectly acceptable when our home was built but the product proved to fail too often over time. In my case it never failed but insurers may not insure or bankers might not give a loan to a house with Kitec. I'll get pennies on the dollar from a class action lawsuit.

    7. Re:I only wish by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      In hyper conservative (the real definition of conservative) housing industry, it takes a long time to get different looking things accepted.

      And there's a good reason. To get my home on the real estate market, I just had to replace all Kitec water piping at a cost of over $20k. It was perfectly acceptable when our home was built but the product proved to fail too often over time. In my case it never failed but insurers may not insure or bankers might not give a loan to a house with Kitec. I'll get pennies on the dollar from a class action lawsuit.

      I was part ofa class action lawsuit about water piping as well. Made a cool 5 dollars after replacing the existing system with copper.

      I think the difference though is that stuff like piping gets replaced by things that are quick to assemble and can be done by an unskilled worker, get through, yet equally bad stuff like drywall and asphalt shingles are touted as the best thing around, and still in use even though they are pretty awful.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    8. Re:I only wish by Whorhay · · Score: 1

      They might not grow moss much at all though given that the surface texture probably provides less surface area for stuff to grow on. If stuff does grow on them it might not get as much purchase and be easier to wash off, and so not require a pressure washer.

    9. Re:I only wish by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I suspect that the smooth, slippery nature of these tiles would make it much harder for moss to grow on them. You don't see that stuff growing on metal roofs nearly as much as on rough asphalt shingles, and I think the glass would be even better.

  6. UniTM'1(poop)code! by Chmarr · · Score: 4, Funny

    It's also easy to overlook the aesthetic impact of proper character encodings!

    1. Re:UniTM'1(poop)code! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Agitate /. readers with this one simple trick!

    2. Re:UniTM'1(poop)code! by Chmarr · · Score: 2

      The trick big-slashdot doesn't want you to know!

  7. Whats a power grid owner to do? by AHuxley · · Score: 1

    The days of making solar grid connected and paying a few token cents or offering a credit did not slow solar.
    The online astroturfing about payback, weather, sun needed, costs and many other state issues did not slow solar.
    Make solar have a small output and not legal to grid connect unless its from a few really, really expensive tested brands to "protect" the grid?
    An expensive hobby that will never alter grid profits.
    Ensure every solar buy is registered and grid connected in the state.
    Create a huge must pay grid connection fee for any type of powered residence in that state?
    If you don't pay, its not a habitual residence anymore and fines can be collected.
    Got to keep that grid cash flowing.

    --
    Domestic spying is now "Benign Information Gathering"
    1. Re:Whats a power grid owner to do? by Solandri · · Score: 0

      Solar received $4.393 in subsidies while generating 19 billion kWh in 2013 (tables ES4 and ES5). That's a subsidy of 23.1 cents/kWh. The average price of electricity in the U.S. across all sectors is only about 11 cents/kWh.

      Solar is its own worst enemy. If it weren't for the massive subsidy it receives, it would only see fringe use in places like sailboats and mountaintop weather stations. Nobody has to try to slow solar down - it is in fact solar proponents who have to keep up these hugely disproportionate subsidies to make it appear competitive.

      Note: I fully support renewables like wind and geothermal, which receives subsidies of 3.5 and 1.4 cents/kWh respectively. (And just for completeness, the subsidies for coal, gas, and nuclear are 0.06, 0.06, and 0.2 cents/kWh respectively.) But solar still needs another decade or two in the R&D stage before being rolled out to the masses like its proponents are currently trying to do. The current push is premature to say the least. I suspect that's what's really going on here - Tesla is trying to get a piece of the solar subsidy pie.

    2. Re:Whats a power grid owner to do? by Tenebrousedge · · Score: 3, Insightful

      By making solar a competitive solution, the US has encouraged a competitive market for solar manufacturers, who are coming up with innovative products. Mass adoption can be trusted to drive down costs due to economies of scale. If you think that solar will eventually be viable, what is the problem with investing in it now?

      In the longest term, solar power seems like an inevitable necessity. The Sun supplies too much energy for it not to be a major component of our energy production. From that perspective, insisting on this technology spending another few decades as a laboratory curiosity (like fusion) seems a little shortsighted. Development is going to come faster if there's money to be made doing so. If that's the future we want, and we can afford the subsidy, we should continue to subsidize solar power.

      --
      Those who advocate genocide deserve every protection afforded by law, and none afforded by common human decency.
    3. Re:Whats a power grid owner to do? by Jeremi · · Score: 1

      Solar received $4.393 in subsidies while generating 19 billion kWh in 2013 (tables ES4 and ES5). That's a subsidy of 23.1 cents/kWh.

      Is that a fair way to look at the numbers? Those subsidies went to finance the installation of solar panels that will continue generating power for decades into the future; it's not like the same amount will have to be spent again next year to replace those solar panels; from now on (modulo cleaning and maintenance) all their future power production is "free", so their effective cost per kWh will decrease every day they continue to function.

      Saying that the subsidy was 23 cents per kWh is like saying that the new car I bought yesterday costs me $5,000/mile to drive (because it cost me $40,000 and I've driven it 8 miles so far).

      --


      I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
  8. Dump the Home Solar BS by xxxJonBoyxxx · · Score: 1, Insightful

    >> it intends to make vehicle ownership a revenue generator for its drivers, rather than a cost center

    Why wallow in the ditch with money - I'm sure the power will so abundant that we'll all find it too cheap to meter.

    >> For Tesla, this represents an opportunity to jump-start its home solar business

    Seriously, I know you need it to keep the Fed money flowing, but please dump the home solar BS and just concentrate on the one thing you do do well: build electric cars. Otherwise Telsa could easily become the next DeLorean.

    1. Re:Dump the Home Solar BS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      My understanding is that the home solar is largely a way to deal with the Tesla batteries that get to the point of not being suitable for cars, (where weight is an issue) by putting them in homes.

    2. Re:Dump the Home Solar BS by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Short sighted moron above ^^

      Using Earth to thoroughly beta-test and debug solar building tech is clearly part of the larger plan of using solar energy on Mars when it's finally being colonised.

      And don't even try the argument of shipping roof materials from Earth, they will clearly be built on Mars by robotic factories also built locally on Mars.

      Perhaps you haven't noticed, but Musk's planning horizon far exceeds that of the slashdotter above, and certainly many others.

  9. Í cáñ nï©d tü by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    apperently

  10. Caveats by fyngyrz · · Score: 5, Informative

    A few things.

    First, 5kw is a quarter the normal service normally provided. We have a 20 kw drop; that's normal. It's not about what you use normally, either, it's about the toaster, the vacuum, the frig, the freezer, the AC, etc. all kicking on at once. It happens -- don't think it doesn't. That's why there's a 100 amp main system breaker in your typical breaker box. 100 amps at 240 volts. 5kw is about 25 amps at 240 (yes, you almost certainly have a 240 system... there are two 120v legs, and some stuff in the house is on one, and some stuff is on the other. A few things -- dryers, electric stoves, AC systems, things like that -- are on both legs and actually use 240.)

    Second, that battery... that's an expensive component, and one with a decidedly limited lifetime. There's going to be an ongoing maintainance cost there, and you should factor it in if you aren't just going to be compulsively home-swapping. Same with current EV designs, for that matter.

    Third, watch out for microinverter-based designs. These place small inverters all over the solar cell system, typically one every panel or every few panels (in this case, it would X number of tiles, if it's a microinverter design.) Every installation that uses them that I've come across thus far is a horrific generator of radio frequency interference. It'll do everything from reduce your wifi and bluetooth ranges to blow out your AM and FM reception and anything else going on that actually uses, you know, radio. A quality installation has a central, single, high-quality, high-power inverter. Those shitty little "we do solar power cheap!" companies... there's a very good reason they're cheaper. Because the stuff they install is crapola.

    All you want coming from the roof / panel farm is well-filtered DC. Period.

    I would hope, given the size of the energy conversion systems in their vehicles, that they didn't go that way, or, that they broke new ground and built quality systems that are actually RF quiet. But it's something to keep in mind until we know more about these proposed systems.

    --
    I've fallen off your lawn, and I can't get up.
    1. Re:Caveats by david_bonn · · Score: 5, Informative

      That sounds good, but I've got an 8kw array, and I run a well pump, an electric hot water heater, a dryer, and a big sub-zero all at once just fine. Oh, and my in-floor heating system and too many computers.

    2. Re:Caveats by slashrio · · Score: 5, Informative

      I can go a long way with you with respect to micro-inverters, but what they do well is adapt to the individual panels that they serve. If one panel is shaded, or only dirty, and the whole string of PV panels is served by one power inverter, the total output can go down considerably and stay low until you clean that one panel.
      With micro-inverters however only the output of that one panel (or few panels) served by the micro-inverter will be reduced.

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
    3. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      yes, you almost certainly have a 240 system

      In Finland we get a three-phase 240V for all residential buildings, with 25A or 35A main system breaker for each 240V leg, depending on the choice of the home-owner (3*35A obviosly being more costly). Being three-phase (phases 120 degrees apart), it gives 400V between two legs, which is used typically for stoves and saunas.

      3*35A*240V is about 25kW, so that 7kW peak Tesla promises is a bit too little for our needs....

    4. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, if there's one thing Elon Musk is known for, it's shitty engineering.

    5. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Yeah. There's no _real_ reason why you can't have an EM-quiet, physically small inverter... they'll just be more expensive than shitty small ones, or one large one. If I have to pay more for a system that'll perform better in the case of partial failure and won't also shit RF everywhere, I'll do it.

    6. Re:Caveats by Falconhell · · Score: 2

      Yep, Im getting great yields from micro inverters, the future for sure.

    7. Re: Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      There are MPPT power optimizers that can mitigate power loss due to shading/mismatch while still using a string inverter.

    8. Re:Caveats by drinkypoo · · Score: 4, Informative

      First, 5kw is a quarter the normal service normally provided. We have a 20 kw drop; that's normal.

      In the USA, we rate residential service in amperes at 240v, and we have either 100A or 200A. 200A is typical in the sticks, 100A is typical in the city.

      It's not about what you use normally, either, it's about the toaster, the vacuum, the frig, the freezer, the AC, etc. all kicking on at once. It happens -- don't think it doesn't.

      Even if all that stuff kicks on at once you won't get close to even 100A, let alone 200A. You'd have to add in the washer and dryer. I can run my whole house save for the hottub in a 40A envelope. I just did it yesterday during a power outage, with a 7kW constant/8.75kW peak generator. And that includes two water pumps, one 3/4 HP hot start and one 1/2 HP slow start. In order to get water to the house, we have to pump it out of the ground into a tank and then pump it again to make pressure. The big inductive appliances draw around 1.5kW while starting. Full lighting, two water pumps, fridge and chest freezer, my PC, my internet stuff and NAS on a UPS, and the 52" LCD/CCFL TV. That's actually more draw than the average residential household!

      5kW with a little bit of battery for overage will produce more than enough power to run the average household.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    9. Re:Caveats by drinkypoo · · Score: 3, Informative

      With micro-inverters however only the output of that one panel (or few panels) served by the micro-inverter will be reduced.

      They also reduce wiring costs for long runs by letting you ship mid-voltage AC instead of low-voltage DC...

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    10. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      First, 5kw is a quarter the normal service normally provided. We have a 20 kw drop; that's normal. It's not about what you use normally, either, it's about the toaster, the vacuum, the frig, the freezer, the AC, etc. all kicking on at once. It happens -- don't think it doesn't

      This doesn't surprise me at all. An all-electric (eg induction) range oven (eg rangemaster elan) can exceed 17kw on its own if you're using everything at once (2 ovens, half a dozen hobs). That'll rarely happen, but it does happen; Sunday roasts and christmas dinners being good examples. And that's without adding anything else in the house running at the same time so I can see you topping 20kw easily. In the UK consumer units are commonly fused at 100amp at 240V, so can supply 24kw.

    11. Re:Caveats by Balthisar · · Score: 1

      You failed to mention HVAC, though, and in hot climates this is overwhelmingly electric, and in colder climates heat pumps (including geo/ground-source) are electric. Heat pumps in particular often have resistance backups.

      And I'm not sure what my 220 VAC oven draws...

      --
      --Jim (me)
    12. Re:Caveats by drinkypoo · · Score: 3, Informative

      You failed to mention HVAC, though, and in hot climates this is overwhelmingly electric, and in colder climates heat pumps (including geo/ground-source) are electric. Heat pumps in particular often have resistance backups.

      This is all true, and it's the big reason why we have a larger service. I personally also have more equipment that draws plenty of power which I'd like to be able to use while I'm using all the other things, for example my table saw or my 3/4 HP drill press. And then there's the two batteries I'm charging at the moment...

      And I'm not sure what my 220 VAC oven draws...

      That is typically the beast, if you have one. I don't. I've got gas. It's also not necessary. For most of my childhood, the home oven was a 110VAC DeLonghi convection oven. You didn't even have to modify recipes, except that since it was a convection oven you didn't have to rotate things halfway through. You still had to flip things, but you didn't have to rotate a cookie sheet or what have you. This is what people are talking about when they say that there are numerous opportunities to improve efficiency. It's not just eliminating parasitic loads and adding insulation, though I have opinions on that too :)

      We do have AC, and my generator wouldn't run everything else and both AC units. (This is a rental with no central AC, so we have two window units.) It would probably run one of them. But in that season, outages are rare.

      The solution there, of course, is to improve energy efficiency. All new construction should be required to have passive solar elements, which is to say it should be correctly oriented and have correctly-designed overhangs. We should also institute some fairly serious insulation requirements, of the type which sadly cannot be satisfied by fiberglass. That stuff is annoying anyway :) But this is to directly address your point about AC.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    13. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      They say you can stack up to 9 of the powerwalls.
      A single powerwall setup would suit a home that is on the grid time-shifting energy usage and keeping lights/fridge/internet up during typical power outages.

    14. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2

      I'm happy for Tesla and their roof product, but lets see how it sells before we gloat about how wonderful it is. Its not something the average home buyer can afford. It is much more expensive than conventional solar panels, and therefore I don't think it should qualify for full tax credits. Our tax money should be handled wisely, and giving a wealthy person a huge tax credit when he/she could have installed similar or more PV capacity for much less doesn't make sense.

      Maybe a move to capacity based tax credit rather than actual cost is better for the goal of maximizing return on our tax dollar.

      I'd say similar for the $90K Tesla. People who bought those did not need a tax credit and all indications are they would have sold just as many as they could produce without the tax credit. So basically we wasted all that money that could have gone to better use than subsidizing the wealthy,.

    15. Re:Caveats by evilviper · · Score: 2

      They also reduce wiring costs for long runs by letting you ship mid-voltage AC instead of low-voltage DC...

      No. Now you're double-counting the benefits of micro-inverters, which is completely unfair.

      EITHER you can have a high-voltage DC system with several PV panels wired in series, which means low wiring cost BUT also means a single PV panel being shaded or dirty significantly reduces output.

      OR you can have a low-voltage DC system, with the PV panels wired in parallel, which means higher wiring cost BUT also means there's no significant output loss when a single PV panel is being shaded or is dirty.

      Micro-inverters are really just a way to get the benefits of the low-voltage system, with the expense of lots of little inverters replacing the expense of large-gauge wiring. So, you can count the micro-inverters as replacing the expense of the wiring, OR you can count them as replacing the losses due to dirt shaded serially-wired PV panels outputting HVDC, but NOT BOTH.

      --
      Slashdot gets worse every day... Pipedot: News for nerds, without the corporate slant
    16. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      That's the key, 100A service is generally enough for most households... 200A service is what is most commonly installed now, but those are the LIMIT not the normal amount of draw.

      If your house regularly pulled 100A and you have a 100A breaker, you'd be blowing that breaker any time you broke 100A...

      quick look at my electric bill suggest I'm pulling between 400 and 750 Kwh of juice in a month... that's about 0.5 to 1 kw on average instantaneous draw... of course there are peaks and valleys over the month and over the course of a day, but 5kw of continuous draw seems like more than enough for my house...

      I have a gas water heater and a gas furnace, electric drier and range. My gas usage would be about 6kw (equivalent) on average in the dead of winter but we spend days below zero (f) at a time and months below 0 (c) here and my house isn't sealed particularly tight (good insulation on the walls, but old leaky windows, and not so good insulation on the attic/roof... I'll get that taken care of eventually... so a tight house would do better, and might be able to make it on 5kw continuous and 7kw peak.

    17. Re:Caveats by AmiMoJo · · Score: 2

      Couple of things.

      The limited battery lifetime. Panasonic rated the old cells used in the early Model S cars for 3000 cycles, at 3000mAh each cycle, which would take the car about 900,000 miles. That's to 80% capacity remaining, so it's not like they are junk even then. Even if you really hammered the system and used a full cycle every day, it would but at 80% after 8 years and have paid for itself a few times over. And by then, a replacement will be a lot cheaper.

      5kW is an odd number... Is it something to do with home chargers in the US? In Europe they are usually 7.7kW. You would think they would size it to be able to charge a Tesla. Still, it succeeds at what it aims to do.

      --
      const int one = 65536; (Silvermoon, Texture.cs)
      SJW, n: "Someone I don't like, and by the way I'm a fuckwit" - AC
    18. Re:Caveats by aaarrrgggh · · Score: 1

      Your service lateral and main breaker are a function of peak POWER demand and not energy usage. They are only connected for off-grid solutions.

      Microinverters maximize the energy production for the system by keeping minor shading of one panel from dictating system output. I can't speak to all of them, but CE listed units should not be a problem for EMI. If you do have an EMI problem though, look at placing a filter at your main combiner or disconnect.

      Batteries are the most important part of the system from a grid perspective. Fixed PV arrays have two major problems: a substantial drop-off in output after sunset; and huge seasonal output variations exacerbating the first point in climates dominated by air conditioning loads. Battery solutions can limit (or eliminate) consumption in that critical period, as well as limiting generation during the peak period. This allows PV penetration on a circuit to increase from ~8-10% of demand to >25% without reducing grid stability. I suggest looking at http://CALISO.org data tomsee how the peak period has shifted.

      Last point: PV, distributed renewable energy, and electric vehicles are smart choices... but they will not have a meaningful impact on climate change. That's ok. It is at least something we can do to reduce our reliance on coal, oil, and natural gas-- which have demonstrable long lasting negatives on our environment and individual health.

    19. Re: Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      No worries man.

      " especially those at the top end of the addressable market with the disposable income available to do everything they can to ensure their home looks as good as it possibly can. "

      The people who can afford such things will simply buy 3-4 battery walls so the pesky overdraw thing isn't an issue.

    20. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yeah, I've got a 25kW drop, live at high latitude and high altitude, with electric heat (no gas service up here), and in the last 12 months hit 21kW for 15 minutes one single time. 5kW is plenty for any normal household to get through a power outage (we'd have to be mostly without heat, but that wouldn't be bad for the first day).

      Micro-inverter installations are actually more expensive than a central inverter, and more efficient. Personally I think I'd go for the DC-DC power optimizers over micro-inverters; same benefits, but less prone to failure...

    21. Re:Caveats by SlashDread · · Score: 1

      "Normal" in the us, where nobody has ever worried about energy savings ever it seems.

      In the Netherlands a "normal household" (2 adults, 1 kid) uses about : 4kw electricity and about 5kw in natural gas. We are a cold damp climate, no airco's needed, but the heater is on about 80% of the year.

    22. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      5kW with a little bit of battery for overage will produce more than enough power to run the average household.

      Unless they have high-draw appliances and utilities, like many households do.

      For example, an electric range, an electric clothes dryer, electric water heater, or an air conditioning unit.

    23. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      First, 5kw is a quarter the normal service normally provided.

      That number is meaningless without a proper comparison. And a proper comparison in this case is to compare that to the output of a fossil fuel powered backup generator.

      And no, I am not claiming that it is better. Because I don't actually know if it is. I am simply stating that you have not provided enough information to demonstrate that your "it's only 5kw" complaint is valid.

    24. Re:Caveats by short · · Score: 1

      So you run whole house on a single phase? In Czech/Europe I have only 25A main house fuse but 3 times per each phase, that is 75A power total; all is 230V.

    25. Re:Caveats by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      So you run whole house on a single phase? In Czech/Europe I have only 25A main house fuse but 3 times per each phase, that is 75A power total; all is 230V.

      Yes. We have split single-phase so we get ~240V in and get out both ~240V and ~120V. White common, green or bare ground, first hot's black, second hot's red. You hope.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    26. Re:Caveats by jimbolauski · · Score: 1

      40 Gallon Electric Water Heater 4kw
      1/2 hp well pump 0.8kw
      6.5 cu ft dryer dryer 7kw
      chest freezer 0.6kw
      In floor heating 1.2kw for every 100 square feet

      You may have a smaller dryer and water heater but thinking most families could get by with that set up is foolish.

      --
      Knowledge = Power
      P= W/t
      t=Money
      Money = Work/Knowledge so the less you know the more you make
    27. Re:Caveats by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      thinking most families could get by with that set up is foolish.

      It depends on what they are trying to achieve. If you want to go 100% off-grid, then this system will require you to change your usage patterns. But if you remain grid-tied, then you can just pull from the grid to cover any peaks. It is important to remember the 80/20 rule. When generating your own power, the first 80% is much easier than the last 20%, because handling baseload is easier than peaks.

    28. Re:Caveats by naughtynaughty · · Score: 1

      There is a reason for using micro-inverters instead of a "central, single, high-quality, high-power inverter".

      It has nothing to do with cost or quality. It's nonsense that all you want coming from your roof is well filtered DC, that's simply a statement on your part with no basis. Many homes have grid tie connections at their roof-line that provide them AC power.

      The 5kW PowerWall rating is for a single unit and single units aren't intended to provide power for your entire home, you parallel them up to whatever peak amp rating and kWh capacity your design calls for. They can be used to time shift power consumption, reduce peak demand or let you run off-grid, your choice.,

      Everything has a "decidedly limited lifetime". Maybe by "decidedly" you mean something more specific like an expected lifetime. Most things in your home from your roof to your air conditioner also have expected lifetimes.

      There is no "ongoing maintenance" with the PowerWall units that differs from anything else in your home. You dust your lightbulbs, wipe off your fridge and that's pretty much the sum of the "ongoing maintenance" for the PowerWall units.

    29. Re:Caveats by geiss · · Score: 1

      Thank you, this is very helpful.

      > Third, watch out for microinverter-based designs. ... a horrific generator of radio frequency interference. It'll do everything from reduce your wifi ...

      On microinverters, though: I don't know about other microinverter systems, but I've been running a 10 kW array with 34 Enphase microinverters for about a year now, and we've had zero problems with our wifi reception - and it's going a large distance across the house. (There is a different issue: The microinverters embed panel performance data in the AC line, and an Envoy unit inside the house, which is connected to the router, extracts it and sends it to a server, so your web and smartphone app can work, give per-panel data, etc. *That* AC line encoding doesn't work well when we have lots of stuff turned on, using power. But it can buffer up the data for months, if necessary, and we've never had it go more than a day without being able to extract and send the data.)

    30. Re:Caveats by slashrio · · Score: 1

      My guess is that the extra cost for all those (micro) inverters will not likely be compensated by the extra yield if one panel is shaded or more dirty than the others.

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
    31. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      People who bought those [Telsas] did not need a tax credit and all indications are they would have sold just as many as they could produce without the tax credit. So basically we wasted all that money that could have gone to better use than subsidizing the wealthy

      See how it works for Progressives. I'll scratch your back if you scratch mine.

    32. Re: Caveats by slashrio · · Score: 1

      I think you're partially right. The individual panels may have a diode anti-parallel to their (sub-)string(s) of cells, effectively switching off the whole bunch of cells in that sub-string if one of the cells becomes shaded. This not only prevents the whole array to become in-productive but also influences the shape of the MPP (Maximum Power Point) curve, for which the MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) that you are aiming at then merely tries to find a new (global) optimum.

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
    33. Re:Caveats by slashrio · · Score: 1

      I doubt the increase in yield will compensate the additional expenses for all those inverters.

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
    34. Re:Caveats by slashrio · · Score: 1

      Would you still be of that opinion if the price of one (not so) micro-inverter would approach the price of the solar panel it serves?
      Panels are nowadays available with a power output of around 250 W.
      I wouldn't call any inverter for such a panel 'micro'.

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
    35. Re: Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Actually it's called diversity and in AU we have smart meters and houses hit 5kW frequently and annual peak at would you believed 7kW its in the data - we also have 19.2kW supply commonly sometimes less and we (most of us) never use all of that.

    36. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I would guess that you would not use micro-inverters for this system. Since it has a storage battery, it seems logical to use the DC output of the solar cell to charge the battery directly rather than invert the DC output of the solar cell, then rectify it to charge the battery. You would need to arrange the cells in an array such that they provide DC voltage sufficient to drive a DC to DC converter to provide optimal voltage for the battery charge and the one big inverter to power the AC loads.

    37. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's not about what you use normally, either, it's about the toaster, the vacuum, the frig, the freezer, the AC, etc. all kicking on at once. It happens -- don't think it doesn't.

      Nope, it doesn't happen.

      toaster - don't have one as I hate toast
      vacuum - don't have one as I have hardwood floors
      freezer - built into my fridge which is always on, hence always a drain and deducted from my power use already
      AC - don't have one as it never gets hot enough to need one

    38. Re:Caveats by DaveSewhuk · · Score: 1

      My solar installer has put in both micro-inverters and series panels / big inverter. He collected years worth of data and the series panels and single inverter win by large margins, The back-diode and MPP inverter more than make up for single/multiple cell blockages. The continuous losses of the micro-inverters occur as they come online later and ending sooner as a group. I am amazed how dark it is outside and I still see 100W on my 22 panel system. There is enough bus voltage from the series panels to make power when the micro-inverters have gone to sleep for the night. All DC systems would or should use series connections to get the highest safe voltage possible. I agree the RFI from micro-inverters has to be horrible. I am a ham and know that 100's of 40dB uV/m (Class B FCC limits at low frequencies) of noise generators added together amount to lots of RFI. Each inverter would need a serious inductor and capacitor low pass filter in a good RF sealed box to be affective, along with serious common mode chokes. You know they are only making them good enough to pass one inverter on RFI scan, so this would get the to the speced, not better (more money), RFI expected

    39. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Personally I think I'd go for the DC-DC power optimizers over micro-inverters

      Especially considering you're feeding a DC battery, and not an AC system.

    40. Re:Caveats by Dare+nMc · · Score: 1

      Generally the lethal voltage to the human heart (to cause defib) is around 140 Volts (500 ohm resistance, hand to hand voltage would draw 35 mA to the heart.) with 2 phase, center tap 230, it is 115Volts to ground. With 3 phase 230 Volts, it is 208 Volts to ground.

      So the US single phase is a safer way to get 230Volts without having a lethal voltage to ground. It does mean we cannot go as far from the transformer, so usually only supply 2 houses per transformer. Then again we are a DIY culture, so myself having been shocked over a dozen times, I am sure glad of that.

      Generally our houses are wired with at least 100Amp (@ 230V) service, 150 Amp is more common. Generally 200Amp to most properties, with houses that have AC, drawing from that 200 Amp separately from the house (or split to a garage.)

      Now why we typically have 120 V outlets/appliances (and thus need bigger wires... inside) is another story.

    41. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's a peak power output of 250W, with perfectly clean panels in full sunlight, or 14 Amps @ 18Vdc.

    42. Re:Caveats by dwywit · · Score: 1

      I'd be interested to see the various data for micro-inverter efficiency vs. single large inverter. My own single large inverter is rated at ~91% at peak - the efficiency gets worse at lower loads. Unless you have very high quality, high efficiency micro inverters, you're going to accumulate a lot of energy loss.

      Also, what are the figures for Tesla-type batteries vs. other types? Lead-acid cells are typically calculated at ~90% when new, i.e. you have to put back more than you take out, so you multiply your daily usage by 1.1 to calculate how much needs to be put back in - then you have to consider the inverter efficiency as well.

      --
      They sentenced me to twenty years of boredom
    43. Re: Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Bypass diodes are the simplest form of reducing impedance within the panel (so the panel doesn't become a brick if there's a few specks of dirt on it), but the panel as a whole could still have a much higher impedance than the other panels in the string due to shading. Power optimizers adjust the voltage of the panels (via a DC-to-DC converter on each panel) to improve the efficiency of the entire string.

    44. Re: Caveats by NiallFernie · · Score: 1

      Bigger roof, multiple batteries. Problem solved.

    45. Re: Caveats by slashrio · · Score: 1

      A bypass diode also protects a panel from being destroyed by reverse polarization if it gets shaded while the others are still in full sun.
      Your 'higher impedance' in terms of the I-V characteristic means that the minus pole of the PV panel will get positive with respect to the plus pole, or in other words that the diodes are in blocking mode. They can not stand a high reverse blocking voltage, so an anti-parallel diode can save them from getting destroyed.
      When the panels deliver power, that anti-parallel diode is in blocking mode, so the system barely 'sees' them.
      Applying 'power optimizers' (DC-DC converters with MPPT) as you call them could be a viable compromise between one large DC-AC inverter and individual 'micro'-inverters. However, I don't know whether that would also apply to the price of the system.

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
    46. Re: Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The invertors have about a 5 year lifespan.

    47. Re:Caveats by lsatenstein · · Score: 1

      A few things.

      First, 5kw is a quarter the normal service normally provided. We have a 20 kw drop; that's normal. It's not about what you use normally, either, it's about the toaster, the vacuum, the frig, the freezer, the AC, etc. all kicking on at once. It happens -- don't think it doesn't. That's why there's a 100 amp main system breaker in your typical breaker box. 100 amps at 240 volts. 5kw is about 25 amps at 240 (yes, you almost certainly have a 240 system... there are two 120v legs, and some stuff in the house is on one, and some stuff is on the other. A few things -- dryers, electric stoves, AC systems, things like that -- are on both legs and actually use 240.)

      Second, that battery... that's an expensive component, and one with a decidedly limited lifetime. There's going to be an ongoing maintainance cost there, and you should factor it in if you aren't just going to be compulsively home-swapping. Same with current EV designs, for that matter.

      Third, watch out for microinverter-based designs. These place small inverters all over the solar cell system, typically one every panel or every few panels (in this case, it would X number of tiles, if it's a microinverter design.) Every installation that uses them that I've come across thus far is a horrific generator of radio frequency interference. It'll do everything from reduce your wifi and bluetooth ranges to blow out your AM and FM reception and anything else going on that actually uses, you know, radio. A quality installation has a central, single, high-quality, high-power inverter. Those shitty little "we do solar power cheap!" companies... there's a very good reason they're cheaper. Because the stuff they install is crapola.

      All you want coming from the roof / panel farm is well-filtered DC. Period.

      I would hope, given the size of the energy conversion systems in their vehicles, that they didn't go that way, or, that they broke new ground and built quality systems that are actually RF quiet. But it's something to keep in mind until we know more about these proposed systems.

      My home has a 200 amp 240 volt entrance. I have a boiler to heat water for the radiators in each room. When it is -25C outdoors we still get temperatures in the house at around 72C. Do I care about global warming. The answer is NO, because I am a senior, and I will be dead when it finally hits you.

      I can see a tremendous migration from the south and central United states towards Canada. Upstate USA will be where people will live. And your wonderful states that grow cattle, vegatables and fruit and going to shrink in size. Its time to realize that the future is coming and sending you a message every year. Welcome hurricanes and tornadoes, and welcome massage areas where damage is beginning to occur annually. In a tragic way, obesity will disappear, as food becomes very very expensive.

      --
      Leslie Satenstein Montreal Quebec Canada
    48. Re:Caveats by Falconhell · · Score: 1

      The cost difference was less than $300 au, between single and 8 mini iverters, so youre wrong.

    49. Re:Caveats by slashrio · · Score: 1

      That's interesting, could you give me the brand name of (and if possible the link to) those inverters?

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
    50. Re:Caveats by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Get some passive cooling going. HVAC has made designers lazy and wasteful. One option is an ice battery if you can get wind at night.

    51. Re:Caveats by Falconhell · · Score: 1

      Entech.

    52. Re:Caveats by slashrio · · Score: 1

      Great, thanks!

      --
      "Trump!!", the new Godwin.
  11. Where I live this might be great, but... by Streetlight · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I live in Colorado Springs, reported to be the second best place in the country for photovoltaic applications with 320 days of sunshine per year with moderate winter weather. However, we have one problem and that's hail propelled at 40 to 60 MPH (or greater speeds) down on roofs. It's great for the roofing businesses, but for glass roofs, likely not so good. I'm not talking about those little golf ball hail stones but hail stones the size of tennis balls building piles of hail two feet deep. An expensive glass roof should survive such a storm. I want to see the test results for such an event.

    --
    In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act. George Orwell
    1. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      haha, you know what they say about people who live in houses with glass roofs...

    2. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by gumbi+west · · Score: 1

      It's quartz, aka a rock.

    3. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by Locke2005 · · Score: 2

      Did you watch Musk's video of a weight dropping on 4 different types of ceiling tile, and smashing all but the Telsa one? When he says "glass", think "fiberglass".

      --
      I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    4. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by I'm+New+Around+Here · · Score: 4, Interesting

      I would like to see the energy output from that glass tile before and after being hit. Just because the glass is bound up in some layers, preventing it from flying all over the place, does not mean it isn't broken and useless. Ever see a sheet of tempered glass that shatters, but stays in place?

      Additionally, I would like to see his test done with a dozen weights being dropped, since that is what the OP is describing as a common occurrence in his location.

      --
      If you think I voted for Trump because of this post, you're wrong. I voted for Dr. Jill Stein of the Green Party. Again.
    5. Re: Where I live this might be great, but... by jxander · · Score: 2

      Any impact with enough force to damage these tiles will utterly destroy conventional tiles.

      So yes, the freak hail storm with grapefruit-sized chunks of ice will probably cause significant damage to your tesla solar roof. That same storm will also turn your neighbors house into Swiss cheese.

      Pick your poison.

      --
      This signature is false.
    6. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The IEC minimum standard for PV solar cells is to withstand, without damage, multiple hits from 35mm hailstones at terminal velocity. Many vendors exceed that minimum mass by multiples. For example, SolarWorld's panels are tested to withstand at least 3 hits from a 99lb lead-filled sack dropped from 4ft in the center of their panels.

    7. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by Overzeetop · · Score: 1

      Have you seen what happens when you hit a rock that is 3mm thick with a golf ball? Let's just say it's not very good for the rock. Rocks have horrible tensile strength, and the bottom half of this rock/shingle is going to go into tension with every impact.

      --
      Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
    8. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by thegarbz · · Score: 2

      You can see that all over the world. The OP is describing many parts of the world that have huge solar installations already. I not so fondly remember watching my neighbours lower hose during one such event seeing if the solar panels survive only to have them deflect a huge ice block which then came straight through the study window.

      The following week we all had glaziers and roofers fixing the broken things, but no solar panel installers. They fared far better than every roof in the street.

    9. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by I'm+New+Around+Here · · Score: 1

      Thanks for the info. I don't know anyone who has solar panels, so had no idea how sturdy they are.

      --
      If you think I voted for Trump because of this post, you're wrong. I voted for Dr. Jill Stein of the Green Party. Again.
    10. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by AF_Cheddar_Head · · Score: 1

      The solar installation on the Air Force Academy seems to deal with their frequent hailstorms quite well. I know different technology but still.

      Springs resident here also.

    11. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's quartz, aka a rock.

      Rocks aren't all strong. There are rocks I can break easily with my bare hands. Also, quartz is a mineral. Rocks are made up of minerals.

    12. Re:Where I live this might be great, but... by djinn6 · · Score: 1

      How strong was Elon that he can smash asphalt, wood and metal tiles? Or did he pick out some easily-smashed tiles for his demo?

  12. Here's the deal about grid connect by bferrell · · Score: 4, Informative

    The grid operator/utility doesn't actually do business with the home owner. Home owners are too small for the effort involved. What the grid operator does business with is called an aggregation entity (Solar City etc). This is why the home owner still buys power at silly low rates.

    The aggregation entity does all the accounting and sells the energy the homeowner doesn't use or store to the grid operator at rates mandated by regulatory agencies. The sell rate to the home owner NOT regulated in any way, only the sell to the grid.

    That same entity is also involved in what are called rate up/rate down events. This is where the entity get's paid for being able to supply energy during peak loads OR more importantly absorbing and storing energy during excess generation periods. This is why the system having storage is important. Also of note, the home owner does NOT participate is revenues derived from rate up/rate down events.

    1. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      The grid operator/utility doesn't actually do business with the home owner. Home owners are too small for the effort involved.

      What? Who told you that? The grid operator/utility is already doing business with the home owner. If you have net metering, the nature of the business is only slightly different.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    2. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      This. All you need is a secure smart meter that can go backwards if you're giving more than you're taking. You receive the money through a negative balance on your normal electric bill.

    3. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by bferrell · · Score: 1

      Uhhh... CAISO -- California Independent System Operator (California grid operator), when I was setting up infrastructure for an aggregating entity.

    4. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by bferrell · · Score: 1

      You might think so, but it just doesn't work like that. It's more like the accounting the Music industry does

    5. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by stabiesoft · · Score: 1

      Depends how your utility operates. AE changed from net metering to sell all solar production to utility at X cents/KWH and buy all energy consumed from utility at a variable rate. It is actually possible to owe the utility money even though you produced more than you consumed. Does not happen unless you have a big panel set. But usage over 1000 KWH/billing cycle lands you paying more for energy than you get. In other words, you pay a couple of cents/KWH for power your panels produce. And they keep reducing what they pay me for my solar production AND increase the rates for what I pay them for energy. I feel violated....

    6. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Depends how your utility operates. AE changed from net metering to sell all solar production to utility at X cents/KWH and buy all energy consumed from utility at a variable rate.

      Right, but that stuff isn't because they can't do it fairly, or because it would be difficult, or because they don't want to do business with individuals. It's because the power companies have bought off the politicians who are supposed to act in our interest, and have found ways to ream us.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    7. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by stabiesoft · · Score: 1

      Except the utility is run by the city of austin, about as green as you can get. Frankly I'm baffled. On the one hand they offer incentives to install solar and other hi eff appliances. Shoot the city mandated an energy audit as part of any real estate sale. On the other hand, they (city) decide to abandon net metering. I've told everyone DO NOT BUY SOLAR. You just can't predict how the city will unilaterally adjust the program next. It would not surprise me if they drop the value of solar gen to 2c/KWH. I think that is what they pay wholesale for most of their generation. So "I" become just another wholesaler. At that point I will ungrid the system and have it power some outlets directly though.

    8. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I've been a SolarCity customer for 2.5 years, and I can tell you that you are 100% *WRONG* on how residential solar works. Even on a Lease or PPA (where SolarCity owns the panels, and I just pay them for the power produced each month), they *still* have no relationship with the utility. *I* buy the solar power from them, and *I* have the net-metering agreement with the utility for my excess power. Once a year (that varies by state, though), the utility pays *me* for the unused excess.

    9. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by bferrell · · Score: 1

      Get your check from PG&E or So Cal Edison? Not too likely. Definitely not from CAISO. It comes from Solar City doesn't it?

    10. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by irrational_design · · Score: 1

      Wait, but the page says you have the option of outright buying the system. If I outright buy it do I still go through Solar City?

    11. Re:Here's the deal about grid connect by bferrell · · Score: 1

      Yes, you own the gear and the land and the building, BUT you have to sell via an aggregator to the utility/independent system operator. The utilities rigged the public utilities regulations that way.

  13. Alright by Shane_Optima · · Score: 1

    "Solar FREAKIN' Roof Tiles!"

    There's a nice neutral article title. Someone else can come up with a good blurb.

    1. Re:Alright by I'm+New+Around+Here · · Score: 3, Funny

      "Solar FREAKIN' Roof Tiles!"

      "Now With LASERS!"

      --
      If you think I voted for Trump because of this post, you're wrong. I voted for Dr. Jill Stein of the Green Party. Again.
    2. Re:Alright by Shane_Optima · · Score: 1

      "Now With LASERS!"

      I think you meant to say, "Now with thorium!"

    3. Re:Alright by Joce640k · · Score: 1

      "Solar FREAKIN' Roof Tiles!"

      It's what another solar panel company (Solar Roadways) actually uses on their company logo.

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

      Try to keep up to date.

      --
      No sig today...
    4. Re:Alright by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I'm not familiar with either company but....WHOOSH

      there is no way Shane_Optima wasn't already making that reference.

    5. Re:Alright by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Now with FOOKIN XML

  14. A Triumph of Progressivism by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    As a member in good standing of the ultra caring liberal elite, I am thankful for the contributions that Mr. Musk has given us to creating a sustainable energy ecosystem. I would encourage Mr. Munsk to not just rest on his laruals though. He must give back and find a way to become more inclusive and allow disadvantaged urban black and latinos to participate in the clean energy eco-system. Remember that Mr Munsk only got to this position because his parents used to heat his home in the winter with black babies (Before 1950 it was common for white families to have a black baby powered furnaces to keep white kids warm in the winter)

    He can best create the spirit of inclusiveness by giving large donations to the Clinton global campaign to help disadvantaged Children (Ms. Clinton luvs childrent) Also he needs to give ponies to all the girls in the country. Finally he needs to figure a way to turn clean energy into a devisive racial issue. If he could somehow figure out the racial bias and inclinations of electrons that would be really great. Remember it is not enough to be talented, you must also think correctly. Mr. Musc has done a good first step. However if he does not follow through and continue to do the right steps, I can see a point where Ms. Clinton would be forced to take control of his company for the good of the country and women everywhere.

  15. Not for every house by Locke2005 · · Score: 2

    First obvious drawback: solar cells are only useful on south-facing slopes, meaning non-matching tiles on the north-facing slope of the roof. Of course, I want a wedge shaped house where the entire roof is a north-facing slope, so that the southern exposure shines light through high windows then reflects down off the ceiling. In other words, solar ceiling tiles are only good in the situation where you have no other space to put them in -- but then, most new suburban lots are like that.

    --
    I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
    1. Re:Not for every house by mlts · · Score: 1

      I would say solar panels are hit and miss. For a relative's house that has the most roof surface north facing with a lot of trees, the usefulness is there, but limited. However, for a friend of mine on his farm with half his roof facing south, not to mention a pole barn, there is enough square footage that even with a penalty of wattage over solar panels, it will still bring in a lot of amperage. The storage batteries are especially nice because that pretty much gives one a whole-house UPS.

      Solar has gotten cheaper all around, but the only two places where I wish improvements could be made would be in the MPPT charger department (PWM chargers are dirt cheap, but you lose a good chunk of wattage), and (as everyone else wishes), the battery department. Get batteries even an order of magnitude near the energy density per volume of gasoline, and that would revolutionize almost everything, especially transportation related.

    2. Re:Not for every house by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > solar cells are only useful on south-facing slopes,

      That is incorrect. South-facing slopes are the maximum efficiency, but the other directions are not zero efficiency. Eastern and western slopes are useful, western especially since electricity consumption tends to peak when the sun is in the west because that's when everybody comes home and turns on the A/C and the stove.

      Also your theory about reflecting light off the ceiling, that's just bogus. The number of houses with a ceiling high enough for that to do much more than light shining in the windows and reflecting off the floor, even during the dead of winter when the southern exposure is the most effective is practically nil. Its a weird edge case that doesn't apply to 99.999% of homes. Not that myopic geeks aren't always constructing lame argument fails based on treating weird-ass edge-cases as if they were common cases, but you can do better.

    3. Re:Not for every house by aXis100 · · Score: 2

      solar cells are only useful on south-facing slopes

      That's old school thinking when panels were ultra expensive.

      East and west facing panels can still generate 70 to 80% of the power of south facing panels, but they shift their peak production into the morning/afternoon - which happens to match residential demands well. By having all three - east, south and west, you get a longer generation profile and reduced battery requirements which is a great financial benefit.

      Even north facing panels arent terrible and can generate 40 to 60% of a south facing panel in full sun, and this margin reduces on cloudy days where they receive scattered light.. The economics are marginal though and it's probably only viable with the cheapest of panels.

      non-matching tiles on the north-facing slope of the roof

      SolarCity & Tesla have already though of this and offer pattern matched non-solar tiles.

    4. Re:Not for every house by michelcolman · · Score: 1

      According to a response by Elon on Twitter, they will sell matching non-solar tiles so you can put those on the shaded sides.

    5. Re:Not for every house by jittles · · Score: 2

      First obvious drawback: solar cells are only useful on south-facing slopes, meaning non-matching tiles on the north-facing slope of the roof.

      I live in the Southern Hemisphere, you insensitive clod!

  16. 1/3 of the year is dark by xxxJonBoyxxx · · Score: 5, Funny

    >> I live in Minnesota, where 1/3rd of the year is dark

    Well that sounds like a perfect place to do solar! In all the places I've lived, it's dark a full half of the year - the locals call often call it "night".

  17. Spamtech by negRo_slim · · Score: 2, Funny

    Frankly FROSTY PISS and GNAA is plenty for me, let's not get emojis in the mix as well.

    --
    On the Oregon Cost born and raised, On the beach is where I spent most of my days
    1. Re:Spamtech by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's why we have moderation.
      I'm tired as fuck of not being able to cut-n-paste text without worrying about quote marks and em-dashes getting turned into line noise. Somebody wants to use emojis go ahead, the future of the written language is pictographic anyway, get used to it.

    2. Re:Spamtech by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You can support Unicode WITHOUT emojis, you fool!

    3. Re:Spamtech by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Emojis are bad, and I mean that seriously, but you don't have to enable every glyph. Why can't we just have the ones that crop up all the damned time? Currency and quotes are all we desperately need.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    4. Re:Spamtech by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      t('' u)

  18. well filtered DC? by 4wdloop · · Score: 3, Informative

    DC filtered from what if there are no inverters?

    With small tiles that's a lot of wires even if several panels are connected in series.
    There are other benefits of micro-inverters, such as maximizing power generation per-panel and panel health monitoring.

    Besides to make a "quiet" powerful inverter it takes a lot of capacitance that is localized in single device. Costly repair?

    There are compromises both ways.

    --
    4wdloop
    1. Re:well filtered DC? by erptree · · Score: 1

      Awesome explanation thank you for your reply

  19. No pricing? What about durability? by m.dillon · · Score: 2

    There's no point if its too expensive, or if the durability is 25 years (which destroys the whole payback equation). This is kinda like the power-wall. Great concept, but the technology isn't quite there yet. And it may not be quite there for solar roofing tiles either.

    Speaking of which, several companies tried selling solar roofing tiles in the past, and had to give up on lack of sales. It isn't a new technology. The question is... is it good enough to hit the necessary sweet spot? My guess... probably not yet.

    -Matt

  20. Why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Because Elon Musk

  21. Dear Mr. Musk by Narcocide · · Score: 1

    I'm tired of missing out on the fun of all my childhood dreams being laughed at and shattered only to be made a reality for some other guy, apparently effortlessly. Please hire me as your personal barista so that I may live vicariously through you.

  22. I know MN - it'll work. by bussdriver · · Score: 1

    MN gets about as much solar as Germany. That means the payback will take a while, mostly because electricity is quite cheap in MN vs Germany. Solar gardens are beginning to form in MN already but Xcel is jerking them around.

    3M glass coatings can turn ordinary windows into almost bullet proof windows. See the youtube demo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?...

    Musk is using 3M glass coatings. The PV cells likely will not break from hail but the glass may crack up. Future refined 3M coatings will perform even better than this application of their existing tech. The coatings go on the inside of the glass from my understanding so these tiles will last for decades - without cracks expect them to go a century and I'd figure the cells would still output (at maybe 50%. I've read about 1970s PV performing at 70%.) Also, a high roof angle helps deflect impacts; evacuated solar tubes are glass and I hear they handle hail just fine.

    SNOW is an issue in MN; however, have you seen smooth steel roofing up in northern MN? It is quite often free of snow cover and it wouldn't be too difficult to clear it off. My parent's cabin had a brown steel roof and it almost always was warm enough from the sun to encourage the snow to slide right off. With the proper solar slope (45deg) that is probably steep enough. Furthermore, these are dark blue silicon cells with a glass cover. They will get warm from the sun; like a green house and since MOST solar energy is lost by reflection or as IR heat... the more that is trapped the better. Heavy snow falls will likely require some work but light snows and ice will not be an issue. People in MN should know what a snow rake is already. Small labor price to pay -- and again, it won't be as often as you think.

    1. Re:I know MN - it'll work. by michelcolman · · Score: 1

      The tiles can incorporate a heating element to melt off snow. Problem solved. (According to Musk on Twitter, energy "strongly net positive")

    2. Re:I know MN - it'll work. by Barsteward · · Score: 1

      for those that won't rake... :o) https://www.inverse.com/articl...

      --
      "The hands that help are better far than lips that pray." - Robert Ingersoll (1833-1899)
  23. Heated garage by bussdriver · · Score: 1

    Lithium batteries suck in the cold. Just try out powertools in the winter. NiCad is preferable for outside work lasting a while.

    I would guess it is likely cheaper to heat the garage you charge your electric car in than let the car's battery management electrically heat the battery pack. (They have heaters because your car would lose range just from sitting while you have the car parked somewhere.) I have not yet read about somebody finding out the details -- likely because the electric heater is nothing compared to the recharging of the car so nobody seems to care to figure it out.

    Most people I know in MN do not have a heated garage-- but maybe 1/3 of them have an attached garage which is always warmer than the outside by a bit.

    What I wonder is-- is the Powerwall safe to put into the house? (should be since attached garages are part of the house and lithium fires must have been considered... does the insurance company up your fire insurance risk?? Probably not because mine told me I couldn't get a discount for not having any Gas service.)

    1. Re:Heated garage by rjstanford · · Score: 1

      Sorry, but why would it be cheaper to heat an entire garage, including the car, which includes the internal battery pack, than it would be to use the same garage power to heat only the battery pack?

      As a bonus, of course, the car can also heat the interior up to your normal driving temperature before you leave for work in the morning, without needing to fill your garage with carbon monoxide, so its got that going for it too which is nice.

      --
      You're special forces then? That's great! I just love your olympics!
    2. Re:Heated garage by flink · · Score: 1

      Different heating systems? Right now, for me, natural gas is way cheaper per BTU than electricity.

  24. Another pathetic slashvertisement by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    With little resemblance to actual fact. Nothing to see here, move on.

  25. Re:No pricing? What about durability? by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 2

    Great concept, but the technology isn't quite there yet.

    Actually, the technology - both photovoltaic and battery - has just gotten there over the last couple years. (Inverters have been there a while but have been improving as well, thanks to Moore's Law.)

    It's good to see Musk trying to deploy it commercially.

    It's easy to fall into the "It's always 12 (or whatever) years out" fallacy. Sometimes the new inventions DO lead to a practical design and it becomes profitable to actually build and and sell it now, even if it will be obsoleted by an improved version in a couple years.

    One of the big drivers of battery (and inverter) technology, by the way, is electric automobiles. Musk has been honing the bleeding edge of that curve for quite a while now. With photovoltaic generation having "crossed over" grid power price-performance - even without subsidies - for much of the potential sites in the continental US, merging it with the new ultra-efficient, ultra-fast battery technologies and high-end, smart, peak-power-tracking/charge control/inverter designs to form a total system makes good business sense.

    --
    Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
  26. Re:By Hillary Shill BeauHD by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    You could always, you know piss off somewhere else instead of whining all the time.

  27. Re:No pricing? What about durability? by FlyHelicopters · · Score: 1

    I'm all for solar, but the install cost is too high...

    I've tried three times to put solar on my roof, it simply makes no economic sense whatsoever...

    You could give me the panels for free, and it still wouldn't make sense to install them...

  28. â(TM) by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    â(TM)

  29. Enough Tesla / Musk already by Bearhouse · · Score: 1

    OK, I admire the guy's vision and ambition as much as anybody, but this place is turning into a Musk fanboi site...

    1. Re:Enough Tesla / Musk already by turp182 · · Score: 1

      Who else is pushing forward in so many different technological domains (electric cars, battery tech, solar tech, not to mention, but I am, space exploration tech)?

      Don't say Bezos or Branson. Wannabes in comparison regarding cutting edge tech. Bezos wants to be a Walton - of Wally World fame and riches - and is proving successful thus far).

      Skip a conversation/post if it doesn't interest you, I only read maybe 20% myself.

      I'm not a fanboi of Musk, I'm an interested person. I keep up with what he's doing. Having so many posts on Slashdot is a tribute to the tremendous effort and progress he is making.

      --
      BlameBillCosby.com
    2. Re:Enough Tesla / Musk already by mvdwege · · Score: 2

      Let's face it, given the "Can't work, won't work" attitude that seems to be the majority here, even a person with half the drive of Musk would keep showing up in the headlines.

      --
      "I know I will be modded down for this": where's the option '-1, Asking for it'?
    3. Re:Enough Tesla / Musk already by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Don't click on stories you don't like. Musk articles are posted because they're relevant, interesting, and progressive.

  30. Cost matters by DrXym · · Score: 1
    I think it's great that we have solar panels that look like tiles (at least when viewed from the ground) and integrated power walls. I'd desperately love to use solar if I thought that it would reduce my power consumption bills down to practically nothing and the tech paid for itself.

    It matters how long it would take to pay for itself. i.e. the point where the investment in solar costs less than the amount I would pay the utility company. If break even is 5 years, possibly 10 then people will go with it, but if it's longer than that then it it's not a value proposition. The battery life of the power wall or the solar cell efficiency may even degrade over time, perhaps requiring replacement. There could be ancillary costs such as added servicing & maintenance, or even higher house insurance premiums (due cost of rebuild, risk of fire). On the flip side, can I hasten break even point by selling power back to the grid?

    And Solar City / Tesla might not even go with the buy outright option and instead screw people over with some kind of leasing model. I wonder how long the lease lasts and what happens if you cancel - can your tiles be used with someone else's storage solution? Do Solar City turn up and remove the tiles or power pack from the wall? Or disconnect your supply with a punitive reconnection fee? Obviously lock-in to a single provider is bad whether it is a utility company, or a solar panel provider. People thinking they're sitting pretty by moving to solar might be in for a rude awakening.

  31. Apple of the automotive world? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    In 10 years, the CEO of Apple will be Elon Musk. Because nobody wants even thinner smartphones and tablets with lousy battery time. Steve Jobs' products were filling a void. Tim Cooks' products are filling landslides because they are merely replacing existing products.

    There is a lack of vision and daring with Apple these days and that's a pity because they'll run down their luck before figuring out that they need to do something more, and then will be much more strapped for resources than they are now. If Musk can sort them into his plans, he'll make them an offer they can't refuse.

    It's also a pity because I have a whole lot more respect for Cook as a person and company head than for Jobs.

  32. Not gonna help you by Overzeetop · · Score: 1

    If you have branches falling and hitting your roof, there's a good chance your house is shaded enough that solar power probably isn't the best idea for you.

    You may also want to find out why your shingles are failing prematurely. Do you have poor attic ventilation? That's often the cause of accelerated deterioration in shingle roofing. You should be getting 25+years from a single application of quality asphalt if the conditions are within the operating range for your material.

    --
    Is it just my observation, or are there way too many stupid people in the world?
    1. Re:Not gonna help you by drinkypoo · · Score: 2, Informative

      Shingles get removed from my residence by wind.

      What I find interesting about "alternate" roof materials is their failure modes. When a metal roof fails it fails along predictable seams and both maintenance and mitigation are much, much simpler than with a traditional wood/asphalt roof. It also doesn't catch fire when flaming debris falls on it. On that basis alone, asphalt roofs and indeed wooden roof trusses and covering should be illegal. Every building code in the nation, right now. That's an embarrassingly flammable shit-show and we have had the technology to fix the problem for over a century.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    2. Re:Not gonna help you by Gilgaron · · Score: 2

      How many house fires start because of the roof catching fire? Seems pretty unlikely for freestanding structures...

    3. Re:Not gonna help you by drinkypoo · · Score: 2

      How many house fires start because of the roof catching fire? Seems pretty unlikely for freestanding structures...

      A massive shitload, actually. It's unusual for it to happen to one house, but it's very common for it to happen to a whole bunch of houses during a general conflagration. During forest fires, it's not unusual for burning debris to be thrown for miles. And let's not forget that propane tanks are more common in wooded areas, that they become bombs in major fires in spite of the cute little pressure relief system, and that they will throw burning debris even further. But even house fires can spread this way; houses sometimes explode in fires even nowhere near a forest.

      While it might be reasonable to use asphalt roofs in the desert, it is utterly unconscionable to permit them in wooded regions. And most of us want to live around trees...

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    4. Re:Not gonna help you by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      If you have branches falling and hitting your roof, there's a good chance your house is shaded enough that solar power probably isn't the best idea for you.

      We're not a perfect area for solar, I do have a sort of test system up for my radio equipment that works pretty well.

      You may also want to find out why your shingles are failing prematurely. Do you have poor attic ventilation?

      I have one of those rooftop systems, with a vent running the length of all the rooflines and soffit vents along the bottom. It's pretty good.

      Its the low pitch. It takes a beating. Debris that lands on it tends to stay on it. As well, I have to get up and get rid of the debris a few times a year. That doesn't help. Over time, the little stones in it get washed away.

      There are some homes in my area that are over 50 years old with their original shingles on them. The roofs are sort of an Edwardian look with very steep pitch, one you'd have to use scaffolding to change out the shingles. But not much ever touches them. That's often the cause of accelerated deterioration in shingle roofing. You should be getting 25+years from a single application of quality asphalt if the conditions are within the operating range for your material.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    5. Re:Not gonna help you by TomGreenhaw · · Score: 1

      Surprisingly, it happens more often than you think. My wife used to work for an insurance company processing claims. People would have dry leaves in their gutters and then use fireworks to unintentionally ignite their roof.

      --
      Greed is the root of all evil.
    6. Re:Not gonna help you by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

      How many house fires start because of the roof catching fire? Seems pretty unlikely for freestanding structures...

      A massive shitload, actually. It's unusual for it to happen to one house, but it's very common for it to happen to a whole bunch of houses during a general conflagration.

      Seriously nasty, and when they start, they like to stay burning more than a lot of materials. Bu tit comes down to that inertia. It's like granite countertops. People act like if the place doesn't have granite countertops how the hell are you going to get your money's worth out of it? On existing homes sales, when the shingles were put on is a selling point.

      During forest fires, it's not unusual for burning debris to be thrown for miles. And let's not forget that propane tanks are more common in wooded areas, that they become bombs in major fires in spite of the cute little pressure relief system, and that they will throw burning debris even further.

      I saw firsthand what one of those tanks can do. A local multiplex theater was under construction, and they had a large vertical Propane tank out front. The place caught on fire, and eventually the tank was surrounded by flames. Then the valve opened and it made a pretty good approximation of a rocket engine, with a roar and flames shooting straight up maybe a hundred feet. had it been horizontal, it would have lit a nearby shopping center on fire. Or maybe me. Regardless, the firefighters stayed away until the tank flamed out.

      While it might be reasonable to use asphalt roofs in the desert, it is utterly unconscionable to permit them in wooded regions. And most of us want to live around trees...

      I don't like them anywhere, high maintenance, and once we got people to accept that they were attractive - and they are not - the housing market inertia set in.

      --
      The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
    7. Re:Not gonna help you by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

      Those are all great examples I'd not considered! If I could mod you all up I would.

    8. Re:Not gonna help you by TemporalBeing · · Score: 2

      How many house fires start because of the roof catching fire? Seems pretty unlikely for freestanding structures...

      A massive shitload, actually. It's unusual for it to happen to one house, but it's very common for it to happen to a whole bunch of houses during a general conflagration. During forest fires, it's not unusual for burning debris to be thrown for miles

      In areas where such things are common (South West US, California, Eastern Washington) I could probably agree. But they are not common in most of the US.

      --
      Truth is like the sun. You can shut it out for a time, but it ain't goin' away. - Elvis Presley (source: imdb.com)
    9. Re:Not gonna help you by AF_Cheddar_Head · · Score: 1

      As an ex-firefighter, courtesy of a fall, I can tell you that it happens much more often than you would think. The most common reason for a second house to catch fire is being too close and having asphalt shingles but only because asphalt is much more common than cedar shake. There is a damn good reason cedar shake shingles are outlawed in many jurisdictions.

    10. Re:Not gonna help you by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      So, basically, your argument presumes everyone lives in California. Right. Got it.

      Because that is the state where the great majority (by 'great' I mean over 70%) of all wooded area fires that then do damage to many houses... (I am purposely ignoring the rest of the world because 85% of Slashdot readership is US - based)

      And of course no one lives in Chicago, New York, or the whole eastern portion of the USA... Where that shit almost never happens

  33. Perfect is the enemy of good by sjbe · · Score: 1

    I saw the announcement, and sure, the roofing tiles LOOKED nice, but there was absolutely no mention of their efficiency, or how they would connect to each other.

    Engineers tend to get a little too concerned about efficiency. It matters and more efficient is better but it's not the most important thing here once a critical threshold has been reached. Efficiency has to be good enough to make it economical but it's not actually critical to maximize efficiency. Perfect is the enemy of good in this case.

    The issue I'm actually curious about is how the things will deal with lightning strikes...

    While the solar tile didn't shatter into shards like the other tiles did, I bet the underlying pv cell was no longer operational after that. Then you would have to either manually bypass it in the circuit, or replace it. Either way, if you're climbing up on the roof to do that, you might just as well replace it.

    I can't imagine you'd have to climb on the roof to disable a single tile. That would be idiotic design. The system would have to be smart enough to deal with disabled or misbehaving tiles without any action on the part of the user. Yes you'd eventually have to climb up to replace it but the important thing is that it remain intact and keep water out of the house until you have a chance to do that.

    The people in the crowd clapped, and I just shook my head, because that would actually REDUCE the amount of sunlight it can be exposed to.

    That's correct but as long as it meets the power needs of the user it's a second order consideration. As long as it generates enough power to cover the typical usage of the home with adequate economy it doesn't matter so much if they sacrifice some efficiency for aesthetics.

    And frankly aesthetics matter. Just like with cars, it if is ugly it isn't going to sell well even if the performance is great. Nobody wants an ugly home or an ugly car. To their credit this is one thing that Tesla has understood in their bones from day one. Products have to look good to get people to buy them. And most rooftop solar panel installations to date look like fecal matter quite frankly. Classic solar panels are UGLY and to some degree redundant. (a roof on top of a roof is not a good plan) A good looking roof tile that is also a solar cell is an idea that is due.

    1. Re:Perfect is the enemy of good by rjstanford · · Score: 1

      Engineers tend to get a little too concerned about efficiency. It matters and more efficient is better but it's not the most important thing here once a critical threshold has been reached.

      Yup. Since people would be unlikely to do half a solar roof, and roofs tend to scale in size with the size of the house beneath them, once its efficient enough price and appearance become far more important. Its the same reason that very few people other than engineers care about whether your new minivan has 260hp or 280hp - both are more than ample.

      --
      You're special forces then? That's great! I just love your olympics!
  34. Glass doesn't always mean fragile by sjbe · · Score: 1

    It's great for the roofing businesses, but for glass roofs, likely not so good.

    I think you might be misunderstanding what "glass" means here. Glass can be a very tough material and we're not talking about the fragile stuff most people think of when they hear the word glass. Any place where PV panels can safely be installed would probably work just fine for these roof tiles. Some will get destroyed just like any other roofing material but if Tesla/Solarcity wants to remain in the business then they probably have gone to the trouble to make them pretty darn durable.

    Basically while it makes sense to wait and see how they perform, I wouldn't get too worked up over the mere fact that they are constructed of glass. That actually could be a point in their favor from a durability standpoint compared with some of the alternatives.

  35. Useful does not always require optimal by sjbe · · Score: 1

    First obvious drawback: solar cells are only useful on south-facing slopes, meaning non-matching tiles on the north-facing slope of the roof

    Solar cells are optimal on south facing slopes (in the Northern hemisphere) but they are not entirely without utility facing other directions. Just because they aren't getting the maximum amount of power possible doesn't mean they will get no power or that they cannot be economically viable.

    Of course, I want a wedge shaped house where the entire roof is a north-facing slope, so that the southern exposure shines light through high windows then reflects down off the ceiling.

    Speak for yourself. There are several more variables for me in how I want my house constructed.

    In other words, solar ceiling tiles are only good in the situation where you have no other space to put them in -- but then, most new suburban lots are like that.

    Not everyone thinks devoting a field or a rooftop to traditional ugly solar panels is a good idea or necessary. And frankly I think it is idiotic to not use the rooftops for something more than keeping the rain out if we can. I have said for many years that it makes no sense that we have vast square miles of rooftops around the globe which are underutilized. If the roof tiles generate power adequate to the needs of the home and with reasonable efficiency for an economically viable price, why would it matter they aren't optimized to the nth degree? Sure more efficient is better but it's not the only or even the most important concern once you reach an economically viable level of efficiency.

    1. Re:Useful does not always require optimal by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Not everyone thinks devoting a field or a rooftop to traditional ugly solar panels is a good idea or necessary. And frankly I think it is idiotic to not use the rooftops for something more than keeping the rain out if we can.

      Rooftop gardens, or "living roofs" are a nice possibility, though they require some careful planning.

      There might need to be some sort of watering system - even if it is only used infrequently - and that creates lots of problems. Low water plants such as sedums can be used to reduce the water requirements. The issue of snow load would also have to be addressed - just the weight of the plants and water would be a problem, and snow (or ice) would be a bigger one (precluding the roof garden entirely in some places). Better roof access would be key - and that has structural implications as well.

      The plants would probably handle hail pretty well (and shield the structure underneath). I know people that lose some of their plants on the ground to hail, but many just regrow. Good selection of plants would probably take care of matters.

      Other benefits of the plants include potentially reducing local temperatures (less of the urban heat island issue), absorbing some forms of pollution, providing habitat, and mitigating global warming. Probably could be a lot of jobs involved in setting up and maintaining things as well.

      Keeping pest insects away from the house might be an issue if there is soil and water on the roof. Providing habitat for weeds would also be undesirable - and that issue would need to be thought through carefully.

      A mix of solar and green might be the best choice. But it would require rebuilding a lot of houses if we wanted to maximize the potential benefits. Also, people would need to get used to the idea that the roof would look different in the winter (when the plants are dormant).

  36. Find something better by sjbe · · Score: 1

    OK, I admire the guy's vision and ambition as much as anybody, but this place is turning into a Musk fanboi site...

    When you rack up list of achievements even close to as impressive as what Elon Musk has accomplished then we can admire you instead. Objectively he's accomplished some seriously astonishing stuff. He's getting a lot of attention because he's doing genuinely interesting things that actually matter. He's actually doing stuff that most of the people here (myself included) just talk about as wishful thinking. If you can find someone doing more interesting and/or impressive stuff then I'll be more than happy to talk about them instead.

  37. All this talk about self sufficiency. by m76 · · Score: 1

    Yet it's never mentioned that manufacturing tempered glass tiles takes at least 3 times the energy compared to regular old clay. Where is that taken into account?

  38. In other news: People are still shallow by gweihir · · Score: 1

    That is one thing I do not get: Climate change will be an extreme challenge, and people evaluate things that will help by their looks?

    --
    Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    1. Re:In other news: People are still shallow by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

      Well sure, you think there'd be so many CC deniers if dealing with it was pleasant and easy?

    2. Re:In other news: People are still shallow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You're not married, are you? My house has a lot of sub optimal solutions due to the WAF.

    3. Re:In other news: People are still shallow by gweihir · · Score: 1

      Well, yes. So your are saying women are destroying the planet because they worry about "how it looks"?

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
    4. Re:In other news: People are still shallow by gweihir · · Score: 1

      True. Of course, people with some insight realize that avoiding dealing with a serious problem universally makes it more serious. One exception: If you wait long enough, you will be dead when it hits the fan. Probably what all the CC deniers are planning on. What stellar examples of human failure.

      --
      Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
  39. For firefighters, same problems as panels by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Or maybe even worse. Ventilation by cutting the roof is a standard practice in fighting structure fires, but with solar panels or tiles like this, it becomes a nightmare. Not only do you have to deal with the added physical obstruction, now it's electrified as well.

  40. THIS will work by p51d007 · · Score: 1

    Who the h*ll wants those big huge ugly solar panels on their roof. I'm betting a lot of HOA's wouldn't allow them. Making them look like a traditional roof, allows them to blend in without being an eyesore. If the price is competitive, and they can handle the weather like we have here in the midwest (tornado, hail), then this might make it easier to get people to switch to a more enviro-friendly power option. I have NO PROBLEM with alternative energy, as long as the government doesn't force it upon people, and it is competitive with traditional sources.

    1. Re:THIS will work by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The Energy Act that the Tea Party first made a fuss about in 2009 would have prevented HOAs from interfering with your personal freedom to do what you want when it comes to putting solar panels on the backside of a house. My HOA didn't have an issue with it though.

      And there is a Youtube video of a hail test hitting solar panels at high speeds without damaging them. I haven't heard of any panels being damaged by hail either. Homeowner's insurance covers them if they are anyways.

    2. Re:THIS will work by naughtynaughty · · Score: 1

      HOA's aren't allowed to not allow solar panel in the majority of states most suited for solar power.

      Price shouldn't be the only consideration

  41. Not just a new tile either by PeterM+from+Berkeley · · Score: 1

    I would also like to see his test done with a dozen weights on a solar tile that had been exposed to weathering for 10 years.

    Does weathering + temperature cycling + microscratches from years of service weaken the tile to where it'll shatter under this kind of abuse?

    --PM

  42. Bad math by burtosis · · Score: 1

    What always bugs me with price comparisons is that money automagically shows up on one side of the equation with no accounting. This often happens for everything from solar to home loans to any type of long term investment.

    The real way to compare it isn't to say you spend 20k use up front, save 1k a year and in 20 years you break even, it's you alternatively invest the 20k you wouldn't spend in some investment vehicle at 5% which lets say compounds monthly. You better save over 54k in 20 years to break even.

    I'm not bashing musks solar tiles, I think they are a neat (if somewhat old) idea that's finally going to be made. But to really calculate the cost benefit you need to be honest on both sides of the equal sign.

    1. Re:Bad math by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      But you also aren't taking in the cost of Electricity going up, Roofing tiles going up, Labor rates going up..I betcha that by the time you factor in everything else, it would come to within 10% of break even between the 2. Besides most people wont pay for these up front..They will look to companies to do low cost loans (Like SMUD does here in Sacramento for solar)

    2. Re:Bad math by JesseMcDonald · · Score: 1

      The real way to compare it isn't to say you spend 20k use up front, save 1k a year and in 20 years you break even, it's you alternatively invest the 20k you wouldn't spend in some investment vehicle at 5% which lets say compounds monthly. You better save over 54k in 20 years to break even.

      That isn't quite correct. You can invest the money you're saving each month, leaving you with 34k at the end of 20 years rather than 20k—the same as the interest on the investment vehicle at 5% APY. However, this still leaves you short 20k (under the assumption that the panels are worthless at the end of their 20-year lifespan) since the investment vehicle returns your original 20k in principle in addition to 34k in interest. The panels would need to save 7.875% of their up-front cost annually to break even ($1,575 per year).

      Factors which can further reduce the difference include a lifespan longer than 20 years, any residual resale or recycling value of the panels at end-of-life, and the cost of non-solar roof installation if the solar panels serve in place of a traditional roof.

      --
      "The state is that great fiction by which everyone tries to live at the expense of everyone else." - Bastiat
    3. Re:Bad math by naughtynaughty · · Score: 1

      While I don't disagree, there aren't any investment vehicles that return a guaranteed 5% tax-free and you neglect the remaining value of the system after 25 years (maybe $0, probably not).

      In Arizona one utility wants everyone to pay a $10+/kW peak demand charge plus an 8 cents/kWh difference between peak and off peak rates. A 10kWh battery along with a smart load controller that can reduce that peak demand by 5kW can save you $50mo and if you can shift 10kWh/day from peak to off peak rates that is another $24/mo. Almost $75/mo just from the battery or $900/yr. Is that worth investing $8000 in a couple of PowerWall units and a smart controller? Are demand rates and peak/off peak rate differences going to rise over time? Probably.

      Add in solar panels and you can probably reduce your peak demand to zero during the on-peak window and without needing to send any excess power to the utility (desireable since utilities are pushing punitive extra charges for grid-tied solar that are avoided if you don't sell back to the utility).

      I think Elon and Solar City recognize that the utilities are doing their best to make solar net metering completely impractical and the solution is PowerWall to avoid net metering surcharges and get quick payback by reducing peak demand usage charges (where if the ONLY power you used the entire month was 10kWh during a single 1 hour period they could charge you $101.50 ($10.15/kWh) for power they want to buy from your neighbor's solar panels for 20 cents. Utilities want to even charge a per kW fee for you merely having solar panels hooked to the grid, meaning even if you never feed power back into the grid they want you to pay them for having solar panels on your roof.

      All that gouging on the part of utilities goes away if you avoid net metering and get batteries with a smart controller. The more the utilities push peak demand usage charges the more sense batteries make. The utilities have done a great job of undercutting the economics of roof top solar but once affordable batteries get added to the equation they are back to losing their ability to control their future.

  43. "the so-called âoehalo effect" ??? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The bubble that Google allows me to play within returns exactly zero results for "âoehalo -tesla".
    Several online dictionary’s I tried similarly do not call "âoehalo" anything at all.
    To me the "âoehalo effect" seems not to be.
    Can anyone else elucidate?

  44. Is battery power available during power outages? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    battery in case of inclement weather or other outages

    My understanding is that the battery system must automatically shut down during power outages, for safety reasons.

    Is that still true?

  45. Will we have to wash our car every morning? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    To keep the panels clear if we live in an area with dust, sand, salt, pollen, ice, snow, etc?

  46. Re:No pricing? What about durability? by Jeremi · · Score: 1

    The question is... is it good enough to hit the necessary sweet spot? My guess... probably not yet.

    Fair enough; on the other hand, it's clearly Elon's guess that the technology is now good enough to hit the necessary sweet spot, and he's putting his money where his mouth is. And he has a notably good track record of noticing when a new technology has become commercially viable.

    --


    I don't care if it's 90,000 hectares. That lake was not my doing.
  47. A Giant Galaxy Note 7 Hanging On The Side by Bing+Tsher+E · · Score: 1

    Big lithium batteries are the equivalent of a giant Galaxy Note 7 hanging on the side of your house.

    Now, it's probably a little alarmist to make a statement like this, but large lithium batteries do represent a tremendous amount of stored energy that can be explosive if the container is voided.

    There will need to be a decade or more of history before we really know what the risks are.

    One thing for certain is that large lithium battery banks aren't something that people will be able to install and forget. And the schemes that I have seen proposed where old battery banks, which are no longer 'energy-dense' enough to be mobile on vehicles, are redeployed to stationary use, represent a risk. Old batteries have seals that deteriorate. When the seal voids is when the explosion occurs.

    1. Re:A Giant Galaxy Note 7 Hanging On The Side by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      "Big lithium batteries are the equivalent of a giant Galaxy Note 7 hanging on the side of your house"

      Except for the fact that they're not sandwiching them into a tiny space, limiting their cooling sources, subjecting them to shock/temperature extremes and preventing a significant amount diagnostic/charge balancing hardware. They need to be properly designed to be sure, but it's not all that different from engineering a fuel handling system (fuel tank, fuel lines, pumps, etc), aN ICE (proper cooling, lubrication management, etc) or any number of large electrical appliances (proper wiring, grounding, heat dissipation in fridges, stoves, dryers, etc)

  48. Re:No pricing? What about durability? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Which is presumably why they're trying to integrate it into new roofing, which in and of itself has some major labor costs. If they can keep the panel costs in the ballpark of standard shingles it would be a no brainer to install. You're NOT going to re-shingle your roof just to get a new fancy solar roof (unless you have way too much disposable income), but if your roof needs replacement anyways you kill two birds with one stone. The major (unanswered) question here which will really matter is how more than standard materials these solar roof tiles will cost.

  49. EEVBlog has best analysis by furry_wookie · · Score: 1

    For real good technical analysis of this roofing, this episode of EEVBlog is the best.

    https://www.eevblog.com/2016/10/31/eevblog-938-tesla-solar-roofs-are-they-viable/

    https://youtu.be/h6FXy_LQXrs

    --
    -- Given enough time and money, Microsoft will eventualy invent UNIX.
  50. Re:By Hillary Shill BeauHD by bongey · · Score: 1

    BeauHD is that you?

  51. Shut up and take my money by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    How do I get one now?

  52. utility-scale PV is more efficient by scatbomb · · Score: 1

    I understand the need for renewable energy and the appeal of appearing to save money on the electric bill, but from a broader perspective small solar installations will always be more expensive than massive utility-scale installations. If the electricity from a small solar installation saves money over the utility, it means the utility had better start installing solar because they are being undercut by it. If the money saved is only *after* tax rebates, then it's not really saving money - it's spending tax dollars. In this case, why not offer the same rebate to the electric utilities? Large installations are just fundamentally better. They always have the right angle, no trees, better economy of scale, better management, easier installation. From the perspective of society as a whole, it just makes more sense to keep electricity as a centrally run utility. If the utilities are falling behind, we need to force/help them to catch up. Maybe this kind of market pressure is what they need to get their act together, but I hope we don't end up hamstringing ourselves by abandoning our utility companies before they can catch up with the times. I'm pretty sure we still need them even if they're being slow to modernize and make the switch to renewables.

  53. Not a big deal by kuzb · · Score: 1

    What this article misses is that the housing market is still crashing. This product is only good for home owners, and with more and more people renting there is no incentive to invest in things like this.

    --
    BeauHD. Worst editor since kdawson.
    1. Re:Not a big deal by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 1

      Housing is crashing? Where?

      I can see 58 cranes from my window. Giant ones.

      Mind you, it's Seattle.

      --
      -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --
  54. Dreams for sale by chazd1 · · Score: 1

    Mr Musk sells hope to the hopeless at the expense of his shareholders. The folks in buffalo ny certainly are hopeful the solar business pays off. Almost as hopeful as the cuomo folks that have force feed nys funds to drag his dream machine to buffalo. Yes, these are the same folks convicted of bribery to bring business to ny state. This hope is built on what? More hope from the past, over automated car factories and exploding starships. Hope is a drug. And Elon is a dope dealer.

  55. A great, wonderful idea.... by McFortner · · Score: 1

    until the first hailstorm. Then you're out a boatload of money.

    --
    Beware of Sales Reps bearing gifts.
  56. Style does matter by hodagacz · · Score: 1

    Early adopters sometimes want things to be 'quirky' (see Prius, Linux...), but generally mass market does not. These tiles may not be the most efficient but they will get people to say 'Hey I wouldn't mind these on my roof'.

  57. Re:No pricing? What about durability? by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 1

    The major (unanswered) question here which will really matter is how more than standard materials these solar roof tiles will cost.

    Actually, it's the INSTALLED price difference that matters. Labor is about 60% of the cost of a current-technology new roof, about half-again the material costs.

    If, compared to the type of roofing that would have been used instead, the new roof (even with the added wiring) is easier/quicker (and thus cheaper) to install (and repair, since warranty costs may be included in roofing projects), the project could come out the same, or even less expensive, despite moderately more expensive material.

    There's also the lifetime issue: Most roofing material wears out with time. If the solar cells don't degrade too rapidly, the glass-based roofing tiles might end up with a substantially longer lifetime than the just-a-roof alternative. (Computing the relative cost of that involves interest rates and amortization.)

    The as-installed difference (in current and future cost) is the real cost of the power from the roof. Even if the material is somewhat more expensive, that still could come out zero, or even negative.

    --
    Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
  58. Re:Spamtech get you some GAY NIGGER GNAA FELCH! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    wow! you're really into G.A.Y. N1GG3RS.

    what a strange way to share your sexual fetish with the world.

  59. Re: No pricing? What about durability? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Really? Excessive install costs?

    Sounds like your roofing contractors are giving up a snow job.

    It happens. The roofing industry is fill of bad actors, ranging from the outright criminal who will screw you out of your money and fuck up the job to the simply incompetent who freak out over a job that makes them uncomfortable.

    Of course, once you NEED a new roof, and that will happen, the story may be different.

    None of this has anything to do with solar power technology though. It's as out of their hands as the hearing aid industry is for Medicare.

  60. Tesla is lagging behind Enphase by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    UL Issues First UL 9540 Certified Home Energy Storage System to Enphase Energy
    http://finance.yahoo.com/news/ul-issues-first-ul-9540-131400285.html

  61. Are you in the 1 percent or aspire to be? by WillAffleckUW · · Score: 1

    If so, buy a Tesla roof and Tesla battery.

    If not, it's cheaper to buy your own, but build the whole system, as labor and permitting and utility connections are the most expensive parts.

    Panels are pretty cheap right now, less than coal, oil, or even natural gas.

    The advantage of going the Tesla route is you don't have to do most of the boring stuff.

    Zoning restrictions are likely to change soon. The nationwide electric vehicle highway system should be complete by Christmas 2017 in the USA.

    --
    -- Tigger warning: This post may contain tiggers! --