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Broadband Expansion Could Trigger Dangerous Surge In Space Junk (theguardian.com)

A new study from the University of Southampton warns that expanding broadband networks via launching "mega constellations" of thousands of communications satellites could increase catastrophic crashes of dangerous space junk in Earth's orbit. "Dr Hugh Lewis, a senior lecturer in aerospace engineering at the University of Southampton, ran a 200-year simulation to assess the possible consequences of such a rise in orbital traffic," reports The Guardian. "He found it could create a 50% increase in the number of catastrophic collisions between satellites." From the report: Such crashes would probably lead to a further increase in the amount of space junk in orbit, he said, leading to the possibility of further collisions and potential damage to the services the satellites were intended to provide. The European Space Agency, which funded Lewis's research, is calling for the satellites planned for orbital mega-constellations to be able to move to low altitudes once their missions are over so they burn up in Earth's atmosphere. They must also be able discharge all batteries, fuel tanks and pressure tanks to prevent explosions that would scatter debris. Lewis is presenting his research this week at the European conference on space debris at the ESA's center in Darmsadt, Germany. Krag said he expected some of the companies planning launches to attend.

129 comments

  1. surface plz by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    sat is high lag no kthx

    1. Re:surface plz by phayes · · Score: 2

      High orbit sats are indeed high lag. Low orbit sat constellations aren't quite so bad and have the advantage of automatically re-entering the atmosphere after a few years, rendering the professors fears of "Not being able to reliably perform an end of life manoeuvre" moot.

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    2. Re: surface plz by Type44Q · · Score: 1

      Out to geosyc it certainly is. LEO, however, is anywhere from thirty to over two hundred times closer to the Earth's surface.

    3. Re:surface plz by Rakarra · · Score: 1

      "Satellite Internet" does not and should not count as "high-speed Internet."
      For one, high-speed Internet combines both raw bandwidth and low latency.
      If you were to count Satellite internet, it would entirely discount the importance of latency, and also discount the importance of upload speeds.

    4. Re:surface plz by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      The new satellite constellations will be in low orbits, and there will be a lot of satellites, allowing both high speed and low latency. Whether they will sell high bandwidth for a reasonable price remains to be seen, of course.

    5. Re:surface plz by rwa2 · · Score: 2

      Yeah, geosynchronous satellites are way out there at about 6 Earth radii with 700ms ping times.

      We're talking about all of the new low earth orbit mesh networks, though, that SpaceX and Facebook and Google and Virgin Atlantic have all expressed interest in launching, either as part of the Iridium 2 constellation or in competition with it.

      Here's a visualization I've made of SpaceX's proposed 4000+ node constellation based on mission parameters that Elon Musk has announced publicly:
      https://youtu.be/neLPRMrhy80
      Imagine trying to clear a comfortable launch window through that!

      Not sure if he's really serious about it, or if it's just a bargaining chip to get better negotiations for the Iridium 2 launches. But the factory for these things is just down the road across town, so I suppose I could go check.

    6. Re:surface plz by Obfiscator · · Score: 1

      And I just used up my mod points. Too bad. I mean, sure, the visualization doesn't necessarily give an idea of how difficult it would be to launch (the width of one of the dots looks to be approximately the same as the Paris metropolitan area, and I'm guessing the altitudes can be offset by enough to ensure that even if the dots appear to be in the same place at the same time that they don't collide).

      I've just never seen 4000 things orbiting earth before, and the illustration of the flight paths shows that it's not nearly as chaotic as I expected. So thanks. I guess my take-home message (that it's not as bad as expected) may not match what you were trying to show, but I still found it neat.

      --
      "Nothing shocks me. I'm a scientist." -Indiana Jones
    7. Re:surface plz by Shirley+Marquez · · Score: 1

      One data point: the satellite network proposed by SpaceX will use altitudes ranging from 715 miles to 823 miles. The altitude of a geostationary satellite is 22,236 miles. In both cases the path to the satellite is somewhat longer because the satellite is almost certain not to be directly over you. (If you're in the continental US a geostationary satellite will NEVER be directly overhead even if you're at the correct longitude because all the land is above the Tropic of Cancer. The SpaceX satellites might briefly be directly overhead.

      The round trip path to a SpaceX satellite might be as long as 2,000 miles if the satellite is far from being directly over you. That's the worst case, because beyond that point there will be another one that is closer. That distance would add about 11 milliseconds to your ping time. In the ideal case when the satellite is directly overhead, the delay falls to 8 milliseconds. There is also some store and forward delay but that's true every time your packets go through an additional hop. The LEO lag is not zero but it's not terrible either.

      In contrast, the round trip path to a geostationary satellite is at LEAST 44,500 miles; that path would add a quarter of a second to your ping time. Your actual path will be a bit longer because the satellite is not at the same longitude and latitude as you, but it doesn't make a huge difference to the numbers. That is more than 20 times worse than the path through an low earth orbit satellite.

  2. North Korea's ultimate deterrent? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    So just how much damage would it cause if a certain unpopular nation with launch capability lofted a few tonnes of grit and ball bearings into orbit, packed around some high explosives, and set it off?

    1. Re:North Korea's ultimate deterrent? by silentcoder · · Score: 2

      Unlikely. Launch capability is quite a step from ORBITAL launch capability. We have had solid-fuel rockets (gunpowder based) since the 13th century. We didn't get to liquid fueled rockets until 1926. From there to the first manmade objects to reach space were German V2 rockets during world war 2 - twenty years later. It took another twenty years for Sputnik 1 to become the first manmade object to actually get into orbit (and it only stayed there a few months). The oldest object in space is Vanguard 1 which was the first truly high-orbit satelite launched in 1964.

      The sputnik 1 level tech couldn't do much serious harm - it just wasn't high enough (it's apoaps was over 900km but it's periapse was barely out of atmo). The satelites you want to harm are a lot higher up - and you want to maximize collisions so you want to blow up your bag of dirt and nails near them - in a circular orbit for maximum intersects. Indeed hitting anything in space on purpose seriously hard - but sending a bunch of random junk flying around hoping to hit some satellites may be feasible.

      But to get from V2 to Sputnik1 and Explorer/Vanguard era satelites in 20 years - took many of the best minds in physics, chemistry and engineering in the world - which the US and Russia had at the time. North Korea does not have many such minds - their oppressive system and academic control also greatly reduces their ability to produce good scientists, their weak economy harms their manufacturing capacity...

      And sputnik and vanguard had payloads of a few kilograms - to do real damage you want to take a LOT of junk - so at least a few tonnes. So you need a launch vehicle at least on par with later model Soviet R7's or the US's Mercury or Saturn Launch Vehicles.
      Right now - North Korea has only once managed to put something into orbit. They claim a polar orbit with a period of 94 minutes - if we believe them that would mean they can just about put a small satellite where Sputnik 1 had it's periapsis. And they cannot do that reliably - North Korean rockets have tended to fail more often than succeed.

      So could this conceivably happen ? Sure, but it seems unlikely - for the same advances that you need to achieve this, you could build highly effective ICBMS which make great propaganda television - and this, I think, is why NK has been focusing on the latter (which they don't seem likely to actually achieve any time soon).

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    2. Re: North Korea's ultimate deterrent? by ewanm89 · · Score: 1

      North Korea is currently suborbital launch, also it is expensive. The key here is between companies like spacex and satellite miniturisation are getting launch costs down to the point where it would be feasible having lots of low earth orbit satellites rather than a dozen in geosynchronous orbit. LEO comments gives better latency but one needs a lot more as you need multiple in the sky at any time as they are constantly moving relative to the user. Before now such constellations have been the work of large governments or groups of governments in global positioning systems.

    3. Re:North Korea's ultimate deterrent? by Rakarra · · Score: 1

      So just how much damage would it cause if a certain unpopular nation with launch capability lofted a few tonnes of grit and ball bearings into orbit, packed around some high explosives, and set it off?

      Sounds like the whole plot of Gravity.

  3. Recycle! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Interesting

    Putting "stuff" up there (LEO) costs between $2K and $13K [1]. Just to be expensively de-orbited.

    Now I know it's a *horror* for your standard capitalist these days, but what about, like, PLANNING (omfg, he's said the *P* word!) a bit ahead?

    Think about some standards which would make those things as recyclable as possible (like trying to keep a set of agreed-upon materials, standards for easy deconstructibility -- all things which, you know, *might* help us down here too), working towards a LEO factory of the future?

    Heck, folks: some of you are dreaming of 3D printing dwellings on Mars, let's fucking tackle LEO first!

    [1] https://space.stackexchange.co...

    1. Re:Recycle! by Z80a · · Score: 0

      Only retarded capitalists deny something that can save money due secondary reasons.
      Make recycling satellites profitable, and you will have several corporations doing it.
      But don't make it TOO profitable, or you will get freaking space wars over junk satellites.

    2. Re:Recycle! by Bearhouse · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Ah OK, so when the thing is worn-out and obsolete you propose to...recycle it somewhere, like on the ISS?
      You know that one person-day of work in LEO costs MINIMUM 7.5 million bucks, right?

      https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...

      That buys you a fuckton of cubesats & launches, space cadet.

    3. Re:Recycle! by JaredOfEuropa · · Score: 1

      Besides standards, there are probably a lot of technical and economical issues to deal with if you take an incremental approach ("working towards"). Having factories up there for recycling old satellites isn't enough, you will also need to somehow bring those satellites to one of the factories (or bring the factory to the satellite), which isn't free. Now suppose we've gotten to the point where we're able to recycle some less complex components, like solar panels, radiators, etc. Now you can build and launch your satellites without those and have them added in an orbital factory. Even assuming this gives a benefit in launch costs and doesn't add costs due to more complex engineering or the transfer to the orbital factory, you'd still need to move the sat from the factory to its intended orbit. With all that, it sounds a hell of a lot simpler and cheaper to add a de-orbiting mechanism to each satellite.

      Maybe it'll be viable if we could improve recycling and manufacturing to the point where we could build a satellite "containers" in orbit: a standardized structure, solar panels, wiring for power, plumbing for heat management, perhaps some shielding. These could be relatively large and weak since they never have to go through launch. Operators would then launch only the functional guts and plug them into a container of the right size once in orbit. Technical challenges aside, I'd like to know if this would at all make economic sense (would you save 90% of payload weight or 10% or what?)

      --
      If construction was anything like programming, an incorrectly fitted lock would bring down the entire building...
    4. Re:Recycle! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Ah OK, so when the thing is worn-out and obsolete you propose to...recycle it somewhere [...]

      Exactly. It's aluminium, copper, iron, polyimide, whatever. At a much higher price than you could get that down here.

      > hat buys you a fuckton of cubesats & launches, space cadet.

      It's called short-term vs. long-term investment. And capitalism only seems to understand the first. Right. Externalize costs... at all costs.

      Note that I didn't say *recycle now*. A factory "up there" will necessarily look very different from what we know "down here", most probably with very little (direct) human intervention. We don't know yet how exactly, but we gotta start thinking *now*. And that means integrating what we know into the design of what is to be space junk tomorrow.

    5. Re:Recycle! by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      The whole concept recycling old satellites is beyond crazy. All you get is a bunch of worn old scrap for insane cost. And a factory still needs raw materials, so you save nothing in launch costs.

    6. Re:Recycle! by phayes · · Score: 2

      Where do you propose to find the Delta V to safely recover all these sats, hmmm?

      They're not a couple escaped helium ballons from for birthday trapped on your ceiling waiting to be grabbed, they're flying about faster than bullets in differing and often completely opposing orbits and there is no Neo from the Matrix around to wave his hand and make them all magically stop for you.

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    7. Re:Recycle! by Wootery · · Score: 1

      Only retarded capitalists deny something that can save money due secondary reasons.

      You're ignoring that it's not the same capitalist who will pay the cost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Externality

      If I launch a satellite in a cheap 'junk-heavy' way, it's not me who it harms.

    8. Re: Recycle! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      You don't have to deorbit stuff in LEO, it does it on its own.

    9. Re:Recycle! by Headw1nd · · Score: 2

      I think we need to teach that orbit is a condition, not a place.

    10. Re:Recycle! by 110010001000 · · Score: 1

      Space Nutters think that space factories are a real thing. Just factories. But in Space.

    11. Re:Recycle! by khallow · · Score: 2

      Now I know it's a *horror* for your standard capitalist these days, but what about, like, PLANNING (omfg, he's said the *P* word!) a bit ahead?

      How do you propose to "plan"? We don't have any use for recycled materials in orbit. There's a lot of infrastructure that would need to be in place first before it makes sense to recycle.

      Think about some standards which would make those things as recyclable as possible (like trying to keep a set of agreed-upon materials, standards for easy deconstructibility -- all things which, you know, *might* help us down here too), working towards a LEO factory of the future?

      Let us note that those sorts of recycling standards routinely create a big mess on Earth, including lower quality electronics (such as tin whiskers) and more effort spent recycling than would be saved in materials. I don't see the point of having expensive satellites follow some recycling standard that isn't justified, lowers the effective lifespan of the satellite, and won't actually be useful for decades until someone gets around to putting the necessary recycling infrastructure in space (by the time they do, they probably will be able to handle most of the current satellites and large space debris aside from nuclear reactors).

    12. Re:Recycle! by phayes · · Score: 1

      Geocentrists that believed the Earth was the center of the universe were popular once. A few hundred years later, not so much. I personally hope that my descendants will live & work in space but that doesn't mean I do.

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    13. Re:Recycle! by matbury6017 · · Score: 1

      Yeah, because the market is so good at stopping pollution, right? We can't even clean up oil spills or prevent oil companies from not caring if they happen. That stuff spills all the time and just hangs around for decades and poisons the soil and water. Here's our record of oil spills to date, most of which haven't received the same kind of media attention that the Deepwater Horizon did: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/... What makes you think "the market" will have any effect on deterring or cleaning up space junk, which is orders of magnitude more expensive and difficult?

    14. Re:Recycle! by silentcoder · · Score: 1

      It could be free, if time isn't much of a factor - you could use radiation thrust for example, so you don't need to burn fuel to get to where you're going. It's slow as all hell - but it works, hell some satelites like Voyager used radiation thrust as a primary station-keeping tool.

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    15. Re: Recycle! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I don't think that 7.5 million person day figure is correct. That was per day for the whole crew, not just each person according to their own figures. Also that included all upfront costs. Actual cost per day used now that it's up there is less than that. I'm sure it's still expensive though.

    16. Re:Recycle! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Where do you propose to find the Delta V to safely recover all these sats, hmmm?

      You simply equip every item sent to orbit with a small de-orbiting engine, for when the mission ends. I bet 1 kg of fuel would do.

    17. Re:Recycle! by jittles · · Score: 1

      They're not a couple escaped helium ballons from for birthday trapped on your ceiling waiting to be grabbed, they're flying about faster than bullets in differing and often completely opposing orbits and there is no Neo from the Matrix around to wave his hand and make them all magically stop for you.

      We've had our eye on you. We thought you might be the one, but we can see that you're not ready yet.

    18. Re:Recycle! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      None of that required us to do anything physical, so I fail to see your analogy.

    19. Re:Recycle! by phayes · · Score: 1

      Oh stop procrastinating & gimme the red pill already

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    20. Re:Recycle! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Space Nutters think that space factories are a real thing. Just factories. But in Space.

      Hey, man! I watched Heavy Metal, I know how it is...

    21. Re:Recycle! by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      Space is big. Mind-bogglingly big. You may think it's a long way to your....

      Anyway, the satellites you'd want to recycle are a very few satellites in a large volume of space. There's no single place where they hang around, ready to be harvested. There's billions and billions of cubic miles in LEO space, and maybe a million objects larger than two millimeters. That's thousands of cubic miles per fleck. It's probably going to be more concentrated near the lower part of LEO, but it's still incredibly sparse.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
  4. Need to build a cleaner by Gravis+Zero · · Score: 1

    What we're really finding out here is that we need to build an orbital cleanup satellite. I know that nets have been suggested but considering the speeds we're dealing with in orbit (about 17K mph), it seems like a beaded door curtain would be able to handle the stress and be able to catch small pieces. Naturally, each strand of the "curtain" would need to be exceptionally strong, perhaps something like woven carbon nanotubes.

    However it's designed, we need to build something to clean up our space junk that can withstand sizable differences in velocity.

    --
    Anons need not reply. Questions end with a question mark.
    1. Re:Need to build a cleaner by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 2, Insightful

      What we're really finding out here is that we need to build an orbital cleanup satellite.

      We don't even need a satellite. We can do it from the earth's surface. Just put a big fricken laser on the summit of Mauna Kea or Cerro Toco, point it westward, and shoot it at the leading surface of the debris to slow it down into an unstable orbit.

    2. Re:Need to build a cleaner by Gravis+Zero · · Score: 1

      That's a lot of wasted energy! How do you plan to power that shit? It would be much easier, cheaper, efficient to just to place a laser in geostationary orbit and blast debris when the sun charges its capacitor bank.

      --
      Anons need not reply. Questions end with a question mark.
    3. Re:Need to build a cleaner by Applehu+Akbar · · Score: 2

      "Just put a big fricken laser on the summit of Mauna Kea..."

      If the Democrat volcano gods hate astronomy, they are really not going to like this idea.

    4. Re:Need to build a cleaner by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      How is a laser in geostationary orbit cheaper than one on the ground ?

    5. Re:Need to build a cleaner by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      it seems like a beaded door curtain would be able to handle the stress

      The problem is maneuvering into an orbit that intercepts the junk. You can't just fly around in space like an airplane, it takes a huge amount of energy to change your velocity when you're moving that fast.

    6. Re:Need to build a cleaner by phayes · · Score: 1

      New construction on Mauna Kea is already at a standstill because of some Hawaiians who think that telescopes disrespect the great volcano spirit -- but you want to put a massive Laser up there?!?

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    7. Re:Need to build a cleaner by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 1

      New construction on Mauna Kea is already at a standstill because of some Hawaiians who think that telescopes disrespect the great volcano spirit -- but you want to put a massive Laser up there?!?

      Satellites are real, though.

      --
      My God, it's Full of Source!
      OUTSIDE_IP=$(dig +short my.ip @outsideip.net)
    8. Re:Need to build a cleaner by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It's not, but it's arguably far cooler.

    9. Re:Need to build a cleaner by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's the thing, the spirit freaking loves lasers. Hates telescopes.

      Deal with it, white man.

    10. Re:Need to build a cleaner by matbury6017 · · Score: 1

      Is there any way we can attach those frickin' lasers to sharks? Or at least ill-tempered sea-bass?

    11. Re:Need to build a cleaner by Nkwe · · Score: 1

      What we're really finding out here is that we need to build an orbital cleanup satellite.

      Or just use mega maid.

    12. Re:Need to build a cleaner by silentcoder · · Score: 1

      Wouldn't work. We need to breed ill tempered SPACE sea bass !

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    13. Re:Need to build a cleaner by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      How is a laser in geostationary orbit cheaper than one on the ground ?

      /quote

      It converts solar radiation into electricity into laser light, without loss [because no atmosphere].

    14. Re:Need to build a cleaner by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      It converts solar radiation into electricity into laser light, without loss [because no atmosphere].

      Who cares about a bit of loss when you can just install 10 times the number of panels here on Earth, and still be cheaper.

    15. Re:Need to build a cleaner by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      How is a laser in geostationary orbit cheaper than one on the ground ?

      It converts solar radiation into electricity into laser light, without loss [because no atmosphere].

      The summit of Cerro Toco is over 18,000 ft (5400 m) with near 0% humidity and 0% cloud cover. That solves 90% of the "atmosphere problem".

    16. Re:Need to build a cleaner by ShanghaiBill · · Score: 1

      New construction on Mauna Kea is already at a standstill because of some Hawaiians who think that telescopes disrespect the great volcano spirit

      Nobody really believes that. They are just looking for a payoff. We just need to bribe the right people and the objections will disappear.

    17. Re:Need to build a cleaner by phayes · · Score: 2

      The suit that stopped construction was brought by native Hawaiians who feel that their state was stolen by the white man and a federal judge gave them enough credence to stop construction. Feel free to attempt to buy off one or the other. I wish I could be there to see the consequences...

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    18. Re:Need to build a cleaner by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      solar sail junkyard dog to grab the croaked ones and put them in a much higher orbit, glued together for much much later recycling.

  5. Low-cost is the factor here by dwywit · · Score: 2

    A "low-cost" device sent into LEO? So it's being sold on the admittedly astonishingly low cost compared to traditional launch costs.

    So any additional costs (such as end-of-life mechanisms designed to put it into a burn trajectory) are going to have a proportionally greater impact on that "low cost" selling point, which means the proponents have a motive to resist such extra mechanisms and costs.

    Anything sold on its main benefit being "low cost" will eventually result in a race to the bottom, and the cost-cutting that entails - "hey, our module is lighter and cheaper to get into orbit (because we decided to do without expensive impact shielding/temperature control/whatever)"

    --
    They sentenced me to twenty years of boredom
    1. Re:Low-cost is the factor here by sg_oneill · · Score: 2

      So any additional costs (such as end-of-life mechanisms designed to put it into a burn trajectory) are going to have a proportionally greater impact on that "low cost" selling point, which means the proponents have a motive to resist such extra mechanisms and costs.

      Anything sold on its main benefit being "low cost" will eventually result in a race to the bottom, and the cost-cutting that entails - "hey, our module is lighter and cheaper to get into orbit (because we decided to do without expensive impact shielding/temperature control/whatever)"

      I've been saying to anyone who'd listen, those cubesats are going to bite us in the arse if we're not careful. Unless we know where *every single one* is, and every single one has somebody responsible to make sure it doesnt end as spacejunk, we're going to ruin our future in space if we get run-away spacejunk. Theres *always* a cost to "cheap"

      --
      Excuse the Unicode crap in my posts. That's an apostrophe, and slashdot is busted.
    2. Re:Low-cost is the factor here by NoNonAlphaCharsHere · · Score: 2

      Ah, but someone else (OK, everyone else) pays the externalized costs of my EOL'ed cubesat/space junk. Why do you hate capitalism? Why do you hate America?

    3. Re:Low-cost is the factor here by coofercat · · Score: 1

      If crap I buy from Amazon can have a way to recycle it, then I'm pretty sure the millions we spend on satellites can stand a small increase to cover the costs of cleanup/recovery/de-orbit or whatever.

      I know it's a dirty word, but some minor regulations here would solve this problem in short order. That only requires that the countries with launch capability agree to it (yeah, easier said than done).

    4. Re:Low-cost is the factor here by phayes · · Score: 1

      It's a non problem. Cube-sats are deployed to low-earth orbits and burn up after a few years anyway. The space junk problem is for things in higher orbits that take centuries/millennia to de-orbit naturally.

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    5. Re:Low-cost is the factor here by matbury6017 · · Score: 1

      I've been saying to anyone who'd listen,

      I bet you're popular at parties ;P

  6. Restrict orbits by religionofpeas · · Score: 4, Interesting

    A simple solution would be for such satellites to be restricted to orbits with a short expected lifetime.

    1. Re:Restrict orbits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      The sats are intended to work for a long time. A fast decaying research orbit is probably not suitable.

    2. Re:Restrict orbits by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      The sats are intended to work for a long time

      As technology advances, they will become obsolete fairly quickly.

    3. Re:Restrict orbits by phayes · · Score: 2

      The sat networks being mooted recently do exactly that using the lower cost to orbit/higher launch cadence that reusables are making possible.

      Instead of sats being so expensive to launch that you perform as few launches as possible and place very expensive high capability sats in mid-level orbits that take centuries to degrade, low-cost reusable launchers perform more launches with less expensive sats that reenter after a few years anyway.

      Disadvantages: More sats & more launches are needed.

      Advantages: Better RTT for the users of these networks as the sats are so much closer. Collisions and junk become non issues as it'll all burn up before it can build up.

      That won't stop people like the professor at the UoS missing one of the major advantages of low orbit constellations: No need to manoeuvre EOL sats into safer orbits

      TFA: “Right now, under all the taxpayer-funded space flight we are doing today is only able to achieve 60% of success rate for that [End of life] manoeuvre. How can they be better under commercial pressure and with cheaper satellites?”

      Taxpayer funded ==> "good" with "commercial pressure" ==> "Bad" apparently. That it is private enterprises that are making reusable launchers possible fundamentally changing how Sats are built flies in orbit far far above the professor's notice.

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    4. Re:Restrict orbits by phayes · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Low orbits are _very_suitable_ for broadband networks. It's just that they need to be replenished regularly and up to now, with throw away launchers, using low orbits wasn't _economical_.

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    5. Re:Restrict orbits by phayes · · Score: 2

      Space-X's plan for low-orbit constellations of less expensive Sats that burn up after a few years means regularly replacing them with newer non-obsolete models.

      --
      Democracy is a sheep and two wolves deciding what to have for lunch. Freedom is a well armed sheep contesting the issue
    6. Re:Restrict orbits by White+Yeti · · Score: 1

      The IADC and its member space agencies (which I think includes the work of Drs. Lewis and Krag) are all studying the effects these large constellations will have on the space debris environment. Here's the IADC statement from last year. The ESA conference this week and IADC next week are starting to show the results.

      One issue is that the existing debris-reduction standards allow a certain small probability of payload/mission failure per payload. When a single "mission" launches hundreds or thousands of (possibly identical) payloads, even those small failure rates practically guarantee an increase in failed and abandoned satellites.

      The new work will help determine if the regulations should be applied per-satellite (no change), per-constellation (expensive), or something else.

    7. Re:Restrict orbits by CrimsonAvenger · · Score: 1
      Unlikely. The higher the orbit, the more the latency for the broadband they're providing, and the less desirable the service.

      Better to put them in atmosphere-scraping orbits and replace them every couple years....

      --

      "I do not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it"
    8. Re:Restrict orbits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And also, satellites should extend large solar panels - so that they catch the thin upper atmosphere and their orbit decays quickly once they run out of fuel...

    9. Re:Restrict orbits by Solandri · · Score: 1

      The problem is that collisions in these short-lived lower orbits can result in debris with enough energy to be kicked up into higher orbits where they'll remain for a longer time.

    10. Re:Restrict orbits by religionofpeas · · Score: 2

      The problem is that collisions in these short-lived lower orbits can result in debris with enough energy to be kicked up into higher orbits where they'll remain for a longer time.

      A collision would be unlikely to create debris with higher speed than the original parts, most of it will go slower, and fall down. Also, the new orbit of the debris would still intersect the old one at the point of impact.

    11. Re:Restrict orbits by avandesande · · Score: 1

      Or someone could make a relatively inexpensive generic de-orbit module and create an international agreement that all new satellites have one.

      --
      love is just extroverted narcissism
    12. Re:Restrict orbits by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      Deorbiting doesn't take a special module. Most satellites will have small thrusters and some fuel for station keeping that can be used to deorbit. The problem is when the satellite dies before it gets a chance to deorbit itself. With a low orbit you won't have that problem. The fuel is used to keep the satellite up, and when the fuel runs out, it will automatically fall back down.

    13. Re:Restrict orbits by avandesande · · Score: 1

      That's why you have a standard module with known life expectancy. Why re-engineer a custom foolproof solution for each satellite? Sure it will add cost but eventually the cost of having too much junk in orbit is going to greater....

      --
      love is just extroverted narcissism
    14. Re:Restrict orbits by religionofpeas · · Score: 1

      That's why you have a standard module with known life expectancy. Why re-engineer a custom foolproof solution for each satellite?

      The standard module can die just as well as the rest of the satellite. A low orbit can't fail. Even in the case of a collision, pretty much all the debris will come falling down.

    15. Re:Restrict orbits by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I agree that satellites in very low orbits would be great for broadband as I have set some friends up with Australia's NBN Satellite and the RTT is about 600ms. Not exactly good for voip and since they're restricted for around 25GB per month, there isn't much they can do.

      I do wonder how this would work though.
      Won't satellites in very low orbit no longer be geostationary? Does that mean you would need to put up enough satellites that one is always within range? How many satellites would that be? What would be the ground coverage per satellite? Currently 2 satellites (not sure if the second is in operation yet) are used for near 100% coverage of Australia, not sure how much overlap there is though. I believe it will serve nearly 2 million subscribers at up to 25mbps.

  7. And mankind continues its great quest... by Viol8 · · Score: 1

    ... to pollute every enviroment it can access. We've done a nice job messing up our atmosphere, the land and sea so the next frontier naturally is space. Who cares if ultimately all this microsatellite crap put up by here today, gone tommorow startups will hang about for decades and cause endless future problems for serious satellites in the future? Profit matters and it matters NOW! Hang any other considerations, right?

    1. Re:And mankind continues its great quest... by sbrown7792 · · Score: 1

      But wait, I thought they towed it outside the environment?

    2. Re:And mankind continues its great quest... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      So stop being part of the problem will you? Land, sea, air & space would be too much cleaner without you around to pollute it!

    3. Re:And mankind continues its great quest... by Rob+Lister · · Score: 1

      OMG. The hand-wringing that goes on here.

      Pick one of those projects and read the technical details; de-orbiting is built right in.

      For example:
      https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp...

      That link is the SpaceX plan. Please refer to page 55 for re-entry estimates. These constellations are destined for orbits that are just outside the thermosphere so the real challenge is keeping them in orbit for the duration their useful life.

    4. Re:And mankind continues its great quest... by LordWabbit2 · · Score: 1

      We've even started littering on Mars!

      --
      There are three kinds of falsehood: the first is a 'fib,' the second is a downright lie, and the third is statistics.
  8. I have an idea: by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Hire a bunch of poor people, send them up into space, and have them work in an orbiting factory of sorts, where they can capture garbage from satellites, and repurpose them for new uses. If they try to rebel or go on a strike, we can just detonate a bomb on the factory (or spray them with a chemical weapon, and have the robots toss their communist bodies out of an airlock), and have someone else collect the parts. =)

    Or maybe, instead of poor people, we could use criminals, and have them work in an orbiting prison. Hahaha... even if they could escape, where would they go?

  9. some days it's not worth getting out of bed by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    With all the space junk, and polar rivers flowing backwards, and Al Gore jetting around in his private aircraft, and Muslim maniacs, and Elizabeth Warren, and alligators on golf courses. I'm going back to sleep.

  10. Fiber by RLaager · · Score: 1

    How about we just use fiber instead?

    1. Re:Fiber by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    2. Re:Fiber by Rob+Lister · · Score: 1

      Because rocket fuel is several orders of magnitude cheaper than the last mile of trenched fiber.

  11. Having more stuff in space = more stuff to hit by Crashmarik · · Score: 1

    This is really going full on glass half empty and it's wrong to single out communications. We are at the point where we are increasing our usage of space resources for all kinds of things. That means there's going to be more stuff up there from everything. It's a sign progress. Who knows the stuff might be able to be harvested and reused in orbit.

    1. Re:Having more stuff in space = more stuff to hit by drinkypoo · · Score: 1

      Who knows the stuff might be able to be harvested and reused in orbit.

      That activity is on the other side of asteroid mining... well on the other side of it. We're nowhere near there. This can become a problem long before then. Using communications satellites for anything other than getting coverage where it's not physically possible to get a wire is retarded, and I mean that word literally. It is scientifically retarded.

      --
      "You're right," Fisheye says. "I should have set it on 'whip' or 'chop.'"
    2. Re:Having more stuff in space = more stuff to hit by Crashmarik · · Score: 2

      O'rly

      http://www.space.com/27128-dar...

      There you go satellites that repair other satellites go figure.

      Obligatory " I for one welcome our orbiting robotic overlords"

  12. A NEW "STUDY" PAID FOR BY COMCAST??? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    oh, the humanity!

  13. Proof? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There is no scientific proof that human made satellites are the dominant cause of the space junk in Earth’s orbit over the past 100 years.

  14. Focus on cleanup by unixcorn · · Score: 3, Funny

    Scientists need to invent a space vacuum cleaner.....

    1. Re:Focus on cleanup by Voyager529 · · Score: 2

      So...Mega Maid?

  15. Facebook's retort by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    This same argument applied to social media junk never stopped them from launching facebook in the first place.

  16. Who is Krag? by neo-mkrey · · Score: 1

    mentioned in the summary...you don't expect me to actually read the article, do you?

  17. Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

    If I launch a satellite in a cheap 'junk-heavy' way, it's not me who it harms.

    Of course, it will be you — if there is enough of it left to hurt somebody on Earth upon falling, that's enough to determine, who launched it. Reckless Endangerment is a crime. Criminal and civil penalties will soon follow.

    Unless, of course, it was launched by a government organization, which is immune to prosecution. Figure that into your KKKapitali$t-bashing next time...

    --
    In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    1. Re:Reckless Endagerment by silentcoder · · Score: 1

      Criminal penalties for a CEO ... bwahahahahahaha what century do you think this is ? We haven't expected corporations to actually FOLLOW the law, and been steadily getting rid of every law we made for them that they don't follow anyway, for decades ... you think they'll CARE ?

      Their sum will simply be: is the fine likely to be larger than the cost of not causing this problem ? No (it never is). The end.

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    2. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Well, ask the VW execs...

      https://www.nytimes.com/2017/0...

    3. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      Criminal penalties for a CEO

      Yes, criminal and civil penalties. It happens all the time. Like these:

      Now you list the folks prosecuted for anything in relation to space-related disasters — such as the Challenger Shuttle explosion... Oh, wait — evidence is not really your thing, is it? You still owe me a list of successful predictions made by Climate Scientists — though, having exposed you as a bona-fide liar, I understand your reluctance to come back to that thread...

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    4. Re:Reckless Endagerment by silentcoder · · Score: 1

      ALL the predictions by climate scientists have been successful - the people who tell you they haven't are lying to you through the simple expedient of pretending they were predicting the WEATHER and then pointing out that every so often the weather doesn't agree with the predictions (which is not surprising since it was never what they predicted).
      Now the DEGREE of accuracy of prediction has not been constant, it has been steadily improving from -the ballpark has been getting smaller and the margins of error narrower. But you don't want evidence.
      You are a denier - you will never be convinced by evidence - if you could be convinced by evidence we wouldn't be talking about this at all.

      And as for your claims - they made the news exactly because they are such a rare event. For every time that has happened a fucking thousand of them got away with far more serious crimes. Not ONE of the bankers whose flagrantly fraudulent labelling of junk bonds as AAA-rated investments all but destroyed the world's economy in 2008 went to prison. Not a single one. Johnson and Johnson was convicted of lying to doctors to get them to prescribe drugs to babies and the elderly for things those drugs were never tested for or determined safe for, they faced a small fine (far less than the profits they made from it).

      There's no actual justice for the rich - and even YOUR examples do not consitute anything resembling it. Talk to me again when the punishment a CEO faces for ANY action by his company is EXACTLY the same as I would face if *I* did that action - MULTIPLIED by the number of victims because money magnifies outcomes. All my efforts at doing good pales into nothingness next to what the Gates foundation has done - because they have lots and lots of money that magnifies their good efforts. But it also magnifies evil things.
      If I poison a well in Texas - I will get the death penalty. So JUSTICE means the next fucking company to poison a whole town's drinking water has their CEO face 2000 charges of murder and basically a judge declaring that it's a true pity we can only fry him ONCE.

      Nothing less is justice. Nothing less is equality before the law.

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    5. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      ALL the predictions by climate scientists have been successful

      -1 Offtopic. Wrong thread.

      they made the news exactly because they are such a rare event [...] For every time that has happened a fucking thousand of them got away

      Citations missing, as is customary with silentcoder.

      There's no actual justice for the rich

      Yeah, yeah...

      Meanwhile, the request for citations of government employees prosecuted for governmental space-disasters remains unanswered...

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    6. Re:Reckless Endagerment by silentcoder · · Score: 1

      I don't need to give citations for claims I never made. I said absolutely nothing whatsoever about government space disasters and so I owe no citations for any claims about it.

      I simply stated the fact that the law is no deterrent to evil, harmful or outright murderous behaviour by wealthy corporations because it lacks any real teeth and if ever a law is actually inconvenient those nice republican congressmen they bought will get rid of it for them.

      More-over your analogy is false - there has been exactly ZERO cases where a government space craft has caused harm to a civilian not attached to the project. Whether there may or may not be criminal negligence behind some of the mistakes that led to disasters is an interesting question - but completely unrelated to the question of what penalties should be faced if a civilian who is entirely unrelated to the project, and may not even live in the same country, is harmed - and whether those penalties are likely to be sufficiently adequate to deter criminally negligent behavior.
      These are what economists call externalities - costs born by people who are not a party to the transaction, and the history of capitalism has been to maximize externalities - and historically the law has not been made strong enough or adequately enforced to prevent this. More-over republicans in particular have gone to great lengths to reduce the risk of any company ever facing liability for externalities - for example with their drives for deregulation and 'tort reform' (a euphemism that really means: make it impossible to sue a company for killing your children so they won't even face civil cases).

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    7. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Neuronwelder · · Score: 1

      It would be nice if we still had an EPA, but the skeleton crew is being cut back even further. There won't be enough manpower to keep up with all the things that are being dumped.

    8. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Wootery · · Score: 1

      No. Don't be silly. Right now, no-one is worried about getting sued for leaving space-junk. That proves my point.

    9. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Rakarra · · Score: 1

      ALL the predictions by climate scientists have been successful

      -1 Offtopic. Wrong thread.

      Well...... you asked him, after all.

    10. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      -1 Offtopic. Wrong thread.

      Then why did you bring it up?

    11. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Yes, a great way to show that your argument is bullshit is to tell your interlocutor that they're not permitted to respond to it.

    12. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      I don't need to give citations for claims I never made. I said absolutely nothing whatsoever about government space disasters

      There are no other options: space exploration will be done either by the evil KKKapitali$t$ or by the omni-scient and benevolent government workers.

      Earlier in this thread it was alleged, that the former will not pay attention to the dangers of the space-junk injuring folks on the ground because, as Wootery wrote, it will not be the (reckless) capitalist, that will bear the costs of the injury. I countered that pointing out, that the origin of space-junk will be very easy to trace back to the original capitalist, which would allow to prosecute same for reckless endangerment.

      To that you replied, that "CEOs are never prosecuted" and that "there is no justice for the rich" — or, if they are prosecuted, they never get the sort of punishment you'd get for the same crime. Even if we stipulate your Che Guevarra-like allegations, you still need to show, that the alternative — government-administered space exploration — ensures more accountability (as well as cost-efficiency, etc.) For that, as a minimum, you need to cite examples of government officials getting punished for their share of disasters. Still waiting...

      ZERO cases where a government space craft has caused harm to a civilian not attached to the project

      And why do you exclude people attached to the project — it makes no sense... But, hey, it is nice to finally see you trying to explain lack of prosecution by lack of crimes — in your rantings against the CEOs you obviously imply, they commit just as many crimes, but just aren't prosecuted as well.

      Anyway, space junk is not actually a big problem back here on Earth — not yet, anyway. So, I'll expand my request for citations — can you name 3 government officials charged in relation to negligence, recklessness, or abuse of power in anything they've been involved in the course of their duties? All I can recall are cases of "early retirement"...

      the history of capitalism has been to maximize externalities

      Sure! As one would say, it "makes them smart". But the only alternative is it being by done government, which is even harder to punish (in addition to being horribly inefficient in everything they touch).

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    13. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      ALL the predictions by climate scientists have been successful

      -1 Offtopic. Wrong thread.

      Well...... you asked him, after all.

      I asked him to reply in the other thread, duh...

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    14. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      Right now, no-one is worried about getting sued for leaving space-junk.

      How do you know?

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    15. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      It would be nice if we still had an EPA

      Yeah, "an" EPA to police the entire planet's upper atmosphere and the vacuum beyond... Seriously?

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    16. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Wootery · · Score: 1

      Because they're still doing it. It's clearly not working as a deterrent.

    17. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      Because they're still doing it.

      Who are "they" and "what" are they doing?

      It's clearly not working as a deterrent.

      No one — in the 60+ years history of humanity's space-exploration so far — has been injured by space debris. Either it is not really a significant threat or something is working as a deterrent.

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    18. Re:Reckless Endagerment by silentcoder · · Score: 1

      People who are attached to the project have voluntarily accepted the risks - unlike everybody else. How does that NOT make sense ?

      I again will not give citations for things that I didn't claim, have no knowledge off, do not care about and are not relevant.

      >But the only alternative is it being by done government
      Not its not - the alternative is making sure that the law is such that CEOs lie awake at night terrified of the consequences if their company harms somebody and makes damn sure it never harms ANYBODY because they, personally, will face the same punishment as if I had done the same to you.
      The alternative, in fact, is to let the market do what it's good at - but make sure it actually does it UNDER the rule of law. In short - it's the exact OPPOSITE of deregulation.

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    19. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Wootery · · Score: 1

      Who are "they" and "what" are they doing?

      Well, rather obviously, 'they' is everyone who contributes to space junk, and 'what' is their contribution to space junk. Do keep up.

      No one — in the 60+ years history of humanity's space-exploration so far — has been injured by space debris

      You're really going to try downplaying the space junk problem? Fine, I'll quote Wikipedia at you.

      As of December 2016 there were 5 satellite collisions with space waste.

      So sure, no humans have yet been harmed. Good job cherry-picking.

      Apparently though there really is a legal deterrent these days in at least some countries. Wikipedia doesn't comment on how effective this has been, but even if it's working great I guess it doesn't help with the existing junk.

    20. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      'they' is everyone who contributes to space junk, and 'what' is their contribution to space junk. Do keep up.

      When arguing, it is best to be explicit and avoid pronouns — to prevent both unexpected confusion and deliberate traps.

      So sure, no humans have yet been harmed. Good job cherry-picking.

      ?? Who else are we talking about? Rabbits? Fish? Of course, it is about humans.

      Apparently though there really is a legal deterrent these days

      Good, good — if only you did this research before going on the anti-Capitalism crusade.

      My point stands, though: if someone — a human — is injured by space-junk, it can easily be traced to the original owners, who can then be sued/prosecuted by the victim(s). Which makes your sentence about "externality" incorrect. Have a good one.

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    21. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      People who are attached to the project have voluntarily accepted the risks - unlike everybody else. How does that NOT make sense?

      They may have accepted the risk, but it still illegal to recklessly endanger them.

      that I didn't claim, have no knowledge off, do not care about and are not relevant.

      I explained in detail, why it is relevant.

      the alternative is making sure that the law is such that CEOs [...]

      Ah, so you do agree, that space-exploration should be done by Capitalist enterprises, good. Wootery's comment was against that — and it was his anti-Capitalism stand, that I criticized.

      lie awake at night terrified of the consequences if their company harms

      Now, this really is irrelevant. As long as you do not dispute, that the CEOs are more accountable than the government officials, we do not need to continue arguing in this thread.

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    22. Re:Reckless Endagerment by silentcoder · · Score: 1

      >They may have accepted the risk, but it still illegal to recklessly endanger them.
      None of the examples you cited had any evidence of recklessness that I know about. But nevertheless there is a fundamental difference between harm coming to somebody who was part of the project, had accepted and agreed to the risks - and harm coming to an unwitting third party. The latter is significantly more severe - which is ironic since our legal system tends to treat it as less so. Externalities hardly ever lead to prosecutions or even civil suits - the chain of evidence is difficult to establish, proviing the exact cause of harm can be virtually impossible in a court setting, and you tend to be one small guy up against an army of 2000 an hour lawyers. This is one reason why regulations are better than the court system - because preventing the problem doesn't have come with the difficulty of proving which coal plant specifically released the particulates that are now killing you.

      >I explained in detail, why it is relevant.
      And I explained in detail why I do not agree with your assessment of relevance. The discussion was about harm to third parties, there is no example I'm aware of any government space program yet harming an unaffiliated civilian - which is quite impressive considering how many government run space programs there are. Even appartheid South Africa had launch capabilities (in fact the country technically still does though it hasn't done launches locally since 2012 as it's now cheaper to pay other countries to do it) and managed to avoid that one.

      >Ah, so you do agree, that space-exploration should be done by Capitalist enterprises, good. Wootery's comment was against that — and it was his anti-Capitalism stand, that I criticized.
      Nope. I just don't think capitalist enterprises should be EXCLUDED from it. I think space exploration should be done by every entity with the means to do it. We need government to it for pure-research no-profit-motive science reasons, and capitalist enterprises doing it for money is likely to have it's own benefits - but only if it's done, as all capitalist enterprises should be, under the rule of law. Which requires that stringent laws must exist, and be strictly enforced - in an 'equality before the law' level - which you'll know we have when CEO's are actually earning their exorbitant salaries by sheer virtue of the extremely high risk of going to jail - indeed when that's what happens to 6/10 or so of them, which would be less than the number who are guilty but at least on par with the odds of an ordinary person getting convicted for the same crime. Of course, there's a good chance that won't last - if that happens for a year or two - convictions may very well go way down, CEOs are way too arrogant to get any less criminally minded -but suddenly shareholders will become a LOT more stringent about who they hire and ready to fire you at the merest whiff of impropriety - because it's expensive to keep having to replace CEOs because the last one is serving a 600 year sentence for poisoning the air.

      >Now, this really is irrelevant. As long as you do not dispute, that the CEOs are more accountable than the government officials, we do not need to continue arguing in this thread.
      I neither dispute nor accept your claim. I never did either. Which is why I refuse to give citations about government officials - since I neither know nor care about them, and I don't know or care how accountable they are. The discussion was about the risks capitalist space exploration may hold for the public - and my response about how to mitigate those risks. Nothing more. Nothing less. The issues that may or may not surround government programs, of which I have no knowledge or interest in acquiring it right now, are an entirely different matter. If government officials are being held as above the law that's a problem. if CEOs get to be above the law that's a problem. But they are not the SAME problem and they don't have the same causes or solutions and only ONE of those

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    23. Re:Reckless Endagerment by david_thornley · · Score: 1

      Do you believe in economic injury? The problem with space debris is not that it's going to fall on my house or my foot. The problem is that it will damage other satellites. Satellites are inherently expensive (if only in cost to orbit), and therefore valuable (or they wouldn't be launched) and space debris can therefore destroy valuable property.

      --
      "When you have eliminated the unacceptable, whatever is left, however improbable, must be the truthiness" - Holmes
    24. Re:Reckless Endagerment by mi · · Score: 1

      As long as you do not dispute, that the CEOs are more accountable than the government officials

      I neither dispute nor accept your claim. I never did either.

      Bzzzz! Hold it right there. You can have your opinions, but you can't have your own facts. You did dispute this twice higher up in this thread, when you stated that CEOs are "never" held accountable and then softened up a little bit by changing that to "they aren't held accountable as much" (...as someone else).

      Because wether or not CEOs are held accountable sufficiently strictly to satisfy you, is not relevant. What is important is that they are held accountable better than government officials. I cited evidence of this being true. You cited precisely nothing — and are now claiming, you made no claim, which you obviously did make.

      Truth matters, and you keep lying, which is why I'm unlikely to engage with you in further conversations. Run along and remember to logout.

      --
      In Soviet Washington the swamp drains you.
    25. Re:Reckless Endagerment by silentcoder · · Score: 1

      >You did dispute this twice higher up in this thread, when you stated that CEOs are "never" held accountable and then softened up a little bit by changing that to "they aren't held accountable as much"

      No, you thought my statement was false since we were using very different definitions of "accountable" - mine was based on the fundamental principle of equality before the law. I clarified the terminology as I used it - and within my use my statement is true, even Madoff wasn't held accountable by my definition (and he wasn't a corporate CEO either for that matter - he was somebody who pissed corporate CEOs off).

      >Because wether or not CEOs are held accountable sufficiently strictly to satisfy you, is not relevant.
      It was never about satisfying me - it was about whether they are held accountable enough to prevent disasters being inflicted on third party civilians - who may be citizens of entirely different countries.

      >What is important is that they are held accountable better than government officials
      No it isn't. What's important is whether they are more or less likely to harm innocent people - and the limited evidence we have suggests MUCH more.

      > I cited evidence of this being true
      You found a few rare examples of CEOs who actually got punished for crimes - in all cases against either government or other rich people. But the concern is whether a CEO will face appropriate punishment for killing the three year old of some bum in hicksville who can't read.

      > you made no claim, which you obviously did make.
      I never said I made NO claim - I said I didn't make the SPECIFIC claim you accuse me off because I don't consider the topic it was on to be relevant to the discussion - it has no place whatsoever in either my or the GP's concerns. We are not worried about it because the government's track record regarding this concern has in fact been fantastic - decades without a single incident. We do not actually KNOW how accountable a government official would BE in the scenario we fear - since no such scenario has ever happened.

      >Truth matters, and you keep lying, which is why I'm unlikely to engage with you in further conversations. Run along and remember to logout.
      And I only spoke the truth. What I refused to do is engage the same topic you were insisting on talking about because it had nothing to do with the subject we were discussing. I still refuse to engage it - and I still haven't so much as TRIED to look up if anybody got punished in the cases you mentioned because frankly I still don't care.
      If an astronaught dies - it's tragic, but they knew the risks, they chose to be there and they accepted the risk. If a civilian not involved with the project dies - that's a fucking travesty.

      --
      Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
    26. Re:Reckless Endagerment by Wootery · · Score: 1

      Of course, it is about humans.

      Smashing satellites is also a problem, no? But david_thornley already made this point.

      if only you did this research before going on the anti-Capitalism crusade.

      I don't think you're in any place to be smug. I remind you that you never did any research. You had no idea there were comparatively young laws on the books, specific to space debris.

      My point stands, though: if someone — a human — is injured by space-junk, it can easily be traced to the original owners, who can then be sued/prosecuted by the victim(s).

      Don't be ridiculous. If your crew/space-station/space-ship/satellite gets smashed to pieces by floating metal in space, how exactly are you going to figure out whose floating metal it was?

      And suppose you somehow manage to figure out it was the Chinese government? Then what?

  18. Re:Fuck it by silentcoder · · Score: 1

    Educated people know better than to try and drink salt water.

    --
    Unicode killed the ASCII-art *
  19. File this under Duh by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Of course if we continue doing things as they have been done in the past we're looking at a Kessler syndrome. However I think pretty much every space-fairing nation is curbing their space junk creation far more than in the past. The bigger issue is removing all of the garbage up there already and keeping any of the current satellites from collisions.

  20. A TWO-HUNDRED YEAR SIM? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Bawahahahahahha.... in two hundred years, we'll all be dead, our kids will be dead... assuming humanity is even still AROUND in two hundred years, (and who's to say that would be a good thing?) WE won't, so it seems to me... that's someone ELSE'S problem! Hey, if we're leaving a trashed, baking or freezing planet (depending on a flip of a coin, whether Earth will be VASTLY hotter, or IMMENSELY colder in a couple hundred plus years,) to them, to any hypothetical future generations of humans, a planet poisoned with radioactive waste, seas full of plastic garbage, lead, mercury, and all manner of other poisons never conceived of by nature, a world rapidly sinking into the rising, medical-waste and microplastic-sludge-filled oceans, with an atmosphere depleted of important things like ozone, and a biosphere crawling with tailor-made superbugs, viruses, etc., etc., etc., why WOULDN'T our distant, mutated, crippled, heavy-metals-poisoned and retarded descendants, just naturally EXPECT a matching layer of floating space trash to encircle the earth for billions of years to come?

    It just wouldn't be humanity if there were SOMETHING we could fuck up, and we DIDN'T, amiright?!?

  21. sigh by Archfeld · · Score: 1

    The Fsck'n companies can't even expand manage and compete in their terrestrial areas, there is no way they should be allowed access to orbit. The lag associated with satellite internet access is awful. Why should we let them have access and compete with Hughes net when they won't compete with their land bound opposition. Screw AT&T, Spectrum, Rogers, and Shaw.

    --
    errr....umm...*whooosh* *whoosh* Is this thing on ?
    1. Re:sigh by Rob+Lister · · Score: 1

      The companies you mention are the ones likely lobbying against this because it competes with them. This is a good idea. Anybody with the right antenna can get gigabit broadband regardless of where they live (within the latitude range of 55 to -55 so Alaska is still pretty fucked). Said antenna can probably be mass produced for a few dollars; probably built into the lid of a laptop; pure speculation on my part.