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Scientists Report a Second Person Has Been Cured of HIV (reuters.com)

Scientists have reported that an HIV-positive man in Britain has been cleared of the AIDS virus after he received a bone marrow transplant from an HIV resistant donor. This is the second known adult worldwide to be cleared of HIV; the first was an American man, Timothy Brown, who became known as the Berlin patient when he underwent similar treatment in Germany more than a decade ago. According to HIV experts, Brown is still HIV-free. Reuters reports: Almost three years after receiving bone marrow stem cells from a donor with a rare genetic mutation that resists HIV infection - and more than 18 months after coming off antiretroviral drugs - highly sensitive tests still show no trace of the man's previous HIV infection. The case is a proof of the concept that scientists will one day be able to end AIDS, the doctors said, but does not mean a cure for HIV has been found. The man is being called "the London patient," in part because his case is similar to the first known case of a functional cure of HIV.

"There is no virus there that we can measure. We can't detect anything," said Ravindra Gupta, a professor and HIV biologist who co-led a team of doctors treating the man. Gupta described his patient as "functionally cured" and "in remission," but cautioned: "It's too early to say he's cured." Gupta, now at Cambridge University, treated the London patient when he was working at University College London. The man had contracted HIV in 2003, Gupta said, and in 2012 was also diagnosed with a type of blood cancer called Hodgkin's Lymphoma. In 2016, when he was very sick with cancer, doctors decided to seek a transplant match for him. "This was really his last chance of survival," Gupta told Reuters in an interview. The donor -- who was unrelated -- had a genetic mutation known as "CCR5 delta 32," which confers resistance to HIV. The transplant went relatively smoothly, Gupta said, but there were some side effects, including the patient suffering a period of "graft-versus-host" disease - a condition in which donor immune cells attack the recipient's immune cells.

65 of 139 comments (clear)

  1. HIV != AIDS by crvtec · · Score: 5, Interesting

    The article gets it wrong too, but HIV is not the same as AIDS. Both patients were 'cured' of HIV (not AIDS). https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids...

    1. Re:HIV != AIDS by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

      You don't have AIDS anymore if you've been cleared of HIV...

    2. Re:HIV != AIDS by thereddaikon · · Score: 2

      Your post is akin to saying "He wasn't cured of the common cold. He was cured of rhinovirus." A technically correct but utterly useless distinction for laypeople. AIDS is the disease caused by HIV. While it is possible to have the virus in you without it having progressed to a full outbreak that really only matters in medical terms.

    3. Re:HIV != AIDS by Win0ver · · Score: 1

      No, the distinction is important, as having HIV does NOT mean you have AIDS. And no one who has AIDS has ever been cured, unlike HIV.

    4. Re:HIV != AIDS by thereddaikon · · Score: 1

      And while it is in medical terms important I think you will find that you are wasting your time. Most people equate HIV and AIDS. There isn't much you can do about it. And making a stink about it on /. where people do understand the difference wont help.

    5. Re:HIV != AIDS by BringsApples · · Score: 1

      Magic Johnson (no pun intended) has been living with HIV since the early 90s.

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    6. Re:HIV != AIDS by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      That's not really true. A cold is a disease, caused by a virus. AIDS is syndrome, not a disease. HIV disables your immune system, then various opportunistic infections all try to be the first to kill you. The latter is AIDS.

      Clearing HIV is relatively simple compared to curing all the various infections an AIDS patient might have, never mind fixing all the damage they've done.

    7. Re:HIV != AIDS by sjames · · Score: 1

      If you get rid of the HIV, their immune system will recover and kill the other infections. They may well have lasting effects from their time with AIDS.

    8. Re:HIV != AIDS by sjames · · Score: 1

      If you want to be a stickler, it also means "we injected this non-resistant supject with the same strain and he got AIDS". You first...

    9. Re:HIV != AIDS by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Sadly, that's not usually way it works. Your immune system is much more successful at eliminating (or containing) infections that are not well established.

    10. Re:HIV != AIDS by Kyr+Arvin · · Score: 1

      You don't have AIDS anymore if you've been cleared of HIV...

      AIDS is a condition caused by HIV. HIV kills the immune system, even if it's cleared out, you will still have AIDS if you have no functional immune system. But it might not be contagious.

    11. Re:HIV != AIDS by Kyr+Arvin · · Score: 1

      Magic Johnson (no pun intended) has been living with HIV since the early 90s.

      Because he's filthy rich, and direct injections of liquified cash cured him.

    12. Re:HIV != AIDS by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

      Kinda, you'll be in a weakened state like you'd be if you'd been through a bought of the measles, but without HIV to kill them off, your lymphocytes will recover in a matter of months.

    13. Re:HIV != AIDS by thereddaikon · · Score: 1

      Ask someone who isn't familiar with medical terms what a syndrome is. At best they will tell you its a fancy word for disease. Again, you are wasting your time on pedantry.

    14. Re:HIV != AIDS by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Slashdot. How far you've fallen.

  2. Puts the early claims into perspective by gweihir · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Around 1990 we had claims of a "cure in 5...10 years" by actual experts. Now, 30 years later, we actually have an experimental cure that worked two times and both times it was a purely accidental side-effect of a very risky cancer treatment. Hence we still do not have a cure that is worth the risks. Human hubris at work.

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    1. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by gweihir · · Score: 1

      Still, we have gone a long way since the "90's, with patients being able to live (almost) normal lives. The understanding of the HIV virus has also improved considerably since that time.

      I don't dispute that at all. And this research is hugely valuable for all the things it tells us. I was just commenting about all these "in 5...10 years" prediction and using this one here to make a point.

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    2. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      It is much more profitable to give patients lifetime treatments that repress the virus but do not cure the infection completely.

      This is where competition comes in. If you come late to that market, you don't have the best antivirus drugs. The very best are probably patented, so you can't even make them. Perhaps licence them, but then you just make money for someone else whose brand is much better known anyway.

      So you can't profit form anti-HIV drugs. You can research a cure though. The medical profession as a whole may profit less when you succeed, but you will profit more. You patent this new cure, and make money til the patent runs out. At that time, the virus may be eradicated anyway, leaving little or no profit opportunities for competition.

      In the longer run, curing HIV won't really cut into medicine profits. More people survive and get old enough for cancer & heart problems. Fix some of those, and they will get old enough for a rarer type of cancer - and so on. Life always ends in a hospital - so the medical profession will always profit from life.

    3. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 1

      The issue here is that there may not be enough economic incentive to search for a cure.

      It is much more profitable to give patients lifetime treatments that repress the virus but do not cure the infection completely.

      That may be true from a pharmaceutical-only standpoint- but governments have poured many millions of dollars into HIV research too! Imagine if all major life-threatening diseases got the same treatment as AIDs!

      --
      "That's the way to do it" - Punch
    4. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by del_diablo · · Score: 1

      Historically(if Wikipedia is to be believed)
      HIV started out being studied in USA the 80s because patents where showing signs of both Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia(rare) and skin cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma(also rare). Each escalation of the study went from one thing to another, where the abbreviation even changed from GRID(Gay Related Immune Decency) to 4H(homosexuals, heroin users, hemophiliacs, and Haitians.) to AIDS once the cause and effect was studied enough to study the 'healthy population'.

      I think hubris is the right word when talking about the topic.
      HIV is a RNA virus where the body do not develop immunity after exposure, unlike Influenza. Because the body do not develop immunity, this leads to long term complications, where medication is taken to reduce progress from infected to dying of immune system defects(AIDS).
      Because the body do not develop immunity, vaccines has to target the infection vector of HIV (a unique protein). So it targets the infection vector, but not granting immunity to the actual disease(again: Unlike Influenza).
      Which leads to the question: How do you treat a disease the body is not curing?
      The current answer is "Can't really cure it, prevent escalation and treat it like a chronic disease".

    5. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by Gilgaron · · Score: 1

      Who would've thought that a rapidly mutating retrovirus which directly attacks the immune system itself would've been so hard to make a vaccine for? It is because of HIV and AIDS research that we have most of the antivirals and antifungals we do today.

    6. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by omnichad · · Score: 1

      Unless you're the other company that isn't profiting from that treatment.

    7. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by bruce_the_loon · · Score: 1

      Whether you can call it hubris or not is debatable. Back in the 90s, the human genome mapping project was just getting going and the understanding of the genetics of HIV was sadly lacking. The researchers said 5 to 10 years because their experience was with vaccines for high speed diseases that overwhelmed the immune system, not something that ran slow and shut down the immune system response.

      When they finally dug their collective heads out of the sand and recognized it as a human threat, not a gay or druggie threat, they still didn't understand it properly. So they thought their previous experience would prove similar with HIV. Unrealistic, maybe, naive, definitely, hubris, I don't think so.

      Same with cancer cures, the tools we have for fixing the genetic car engine are hammers and chisels, not diagnostic computers and electronic tuning systems. Medicine is still a lot of brute force over ignorance, though we'd rather not admit it.

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    8. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by del_diablo · · Score: 1

      Then why post as AC?
      And write one line? It bothers me a lot
      Because you don't contribute now, you are just sniding without producing effect or visibility.

    9. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      Interestingly, the cure for type one diabetes, at least autoimmune types, is likely to be related to the cure for HIV infection.

    10. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by gweihir · · Score: 1

      I agree to most of what you say.

      Medicine is still a lot of brute force over ignorance, though we'd rather not admit it.

      And that not admitting it part is what I call hubris. I do agree that this is a personal opinion and that you can very well have a valid different opinion.

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    11. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by gweihir · · Score: 1

      ACs that actually contribute anything worthwhile exist, but they are exceptionally rare. I wish /. has a "don't show me any AC postings" setting.

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    12. Re:Puts the early claims into perspective by gweihir · · Score: 1

      "Cured" and "can be successfully managed long-term" are very different things. Seriously.

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  3. Re:Oh FFS by gweihir · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Well, here is to hoping you get it from a blood transfusion or a contaminated instrument. Unlike you, most scientists do actually have ethical standards, not just irrational hate.

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  4. Re:I have this mutation by AmiMoJo · · Score: 1

    Unfortunately bone marrow transplant isn't a very viable treatment, because the mortality rate is fairly high and in general it's probably better to just take the existing treatments for HIV. But it provides a hint as to how a future cure may be developed.

    Some kind of gene therapy may be feasible once the exact mechanism by which this worked is fully understood.

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  5. Hodgkin's Lymphoma is not "Blood Cancer" by lobiusmoop · · Score: 5, Informative

    Hodgkins is a cancer in the immune/lymph system, which is a whole separate plumbing system to the blood stream. If it was in the blood stream it would be leukemia.

    (21 years cancer free now, yay).

    --
    "I bless every day that I continue to live, for every day is pure profit."
    1. Re:Hodgkin's Lymphoma is not "Blood Cancer" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

      Hodgkins is a cancer in the immune/lymph system, which is a whole separate plumbing system to the blood stream. If it was in the blood stream it would be leukemia.

      (21 years cancer free now, yay).

      Congrats.

      But damn, dude, you're using your second chance at life to be a grammar pedant to BeauHD.

      Either aim higher, or do us all a favor and use actual explosive devices.

    2. Re:Hodgkin's Lymphoma is not "Blood Cancer" by jonnythan · · Score: 1

      Except white blood cells are indeed blood cells. Lymphoma is a blood cancer.

      Lymphocytes are white blood cells. Leukemia translates to too many lymphocytes in the bloodstream and lymphoma translates to lymphocyte tumors. That means "leukemia" is too many white blood cells in the blood stream and "lymphoma" is white blood cell tumors.

      So you are correct in saying that lymphomas are a cancer of the immune system, but incorrect in saying they're not blood cancers. They most definitely are. They are blood cell cancers. One is in the blood vessels and one is in, actually, both the lymphatic and blood vessels.

      Congrats on being cancer free. That's pretty awesome.

      Source: I'm a doctor.

    3. Re:Hodgkin's Lymphoma is not "Blood Cancer" by jonnythan · · Score: 2

      Just to expand and add a few points:

      The first line of the Wikipedia entry for lymphoma: "Lymphoma is a group of blood cancers that develop from lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell)."

      The immune system is not a "separate plumbing system to the blood stream." All blood cells, including red blood cells and white blood cells (WBCs), originate in the bone marrow and migrate out to the blood stream. The immune system is comprised of many layers, but white blood cells are what we most commonly refer to as the immune system. There are WBCs that produce antibodies, WBCs that destroy other cells, etc. Many WBCs end up taking residence in lymph nodes. But the immune system is definitely not "a separate plumbing system." The lymphatic system is a separate plumbing system to the cardiovascular system (sort of; the lymphatics drain back into the blood vessels), but LYMPHATIC and LYMPHOCYTE are separate words.

      Your confusion may be related to confusion between the words LYMPHATIC, LYMPHOCYTE, and LYMPHOMA. Lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphoCYTES, not necessarily the lymphATICS. Lymphomas tend to be primarily physically located within lymph nodes or lymph vessels, but they are cancers of the lymphocytes. Hence, they are blood cancers.

  6. Re:Oh FFS by Opportunist · · Score: 2

    Funny enough, this attitude back in the 80s made the pandemic possible in the first place. Had we put a lid on it when it was still possible, AIDS would today be a problem of Africa, i.e. another one we ignore in the western world.

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  7. Re:What a shame by Opportunist · · Score: 1

    Like what, Polio?

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    We used to have a Bill of Rights. Now, with the rights gone, all we have left is the bill.
  8. Re:I have this mutation by Oswald+McWeany · · Score: 2

    According to genotyping results, I have the HIV resistance mutation that makes this cure possible.

    Quick lads- let's get him and harvest his marrow!

    --
    "That's the way to do it" - Punch
  9. Oh no! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1

    HIV/AIDS is the cure for fags. Why are the scientists trying to undermine this. They are doing a great disservice to humanity is opening the gates of fag hell.

    Dude, now when I'm in that threesome with the two hot babes, I won't have to worry too much if the bi-sexual girls did a bi-sexual guy and contracted HIV.

    Let's face it, this is a real problem among us geeks: worrying about getting HIV from two hot babes we had sex with at the same time.

  10. Re:Rejoice by jellomizer · · Score: 3, Insightful

    And heterosexuals, people who may have been raped, children born from infected parent, people who have have a dirty needle (probably from drug use, but also from bad doctors), people who had a bad transfusion...
    I know we want to think like our ancient ancestors did, seeing people with illnesses as being evil and less human. Combined with HIV most effective methods of spreading is due to taboo things just makes it seem like a punishment from God.
    However if you are religious sort of person, you could also see HIV as a test to society on how we treat the least of the people, and for the people who see HIV as a punishment and do not try to cure it, or help the people, perhaps they are the one failing God.

    If you are not a religious person, Then HIV is just an effective Virus, It was evolved in a way to be effective, and robust. Understanding Human Nature, where Taboo items will still happen, it means leaving such a virus in the open to try to curve "Deviant Behavior" will lead to number of getting infected even though they are not directly doing that particular behavior. Realizing the 7 degree of separation can cause such a virus from always being a possibility even for the most Pius among us.

    --
    If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
  11. Re:Oh FFS by _merlin · · Score: 1

    I'm going to be the stereotype here - the only person I knew who had HIV/AIDS was my uncle's boyfriend, and he died from it back in the early '90s when it was still a death sentence. I think a lot of people have become more blase about HIV now that you can go on living for years by taking a cocktail of anti-retroviral drugs. Back then, once you got HIV you were pretty much dead.

  12. Re:Don't Listen to the Weasel Words by omnichad · · Score: 1

    That would indeed slow mutation and make it easier for the immune system to finish off. We'll have to wait and see.

  13. Re:I have this mutation by Ol+Olsoc · · Score: 1

    According to genotyping results, I have the HIV resistance mutation that makes this cure possible.

    Quick lads- let's get him and harvest his marrow!

    Then again, his social options have just expanded! I really am going to go to hell........

    --
    The shepherds did so well protecting the flock that the sheep no longer believed that wolves existed.
  14. Mona Lisa Overdrive by h00l00v00 · · Score: 1

    This gets me thinking about J.D Shapely from Mona Lisa Overdrive. Even though it seems much less intrusive to donate blood instead of blood marrow.

    1. Re:Mona Lisa Overdrive by sconeu · · Score: 1

      Virtual Light, not Mona Lisa Overdrive.

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
  15. Re:Oh FFS by gweihir · · Score: 1

    Well, the only thing you are demonstrating is that you are likely one of them and hate yourself for it. Basically only gays that are not at peace with what they are are violently and aggressively anti-gay.

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  16. Good news, but ... by 140Mandak262Jamuna · · Score: 1
    Even the common chicken pox virus has learned to hide in lymph glands and re-emerge as shingles. Given the viral load caused by HIV, it is possible it too has learned to lurk in many places.

    But, even if that is true, this is a good great advancement.

    --
    sed -e 's/Chuck Norris/Rajnikant/g' joke > fact
    1. Re:Good news, but ... by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

      That's why it's important that the donor bone marrow has an anti-HIV mutation. You're correct that HIV is pretty good at hiding out, but it needs to reproduce in T cells. If you replace all the T cells with ones that HIV can't infect, it can't come back.

  17. Better Idea. by Zorro · · Score: 1

    Don't do stuff that gives you AIDS.

    1. Re:Better Idea. by sconeu · · Score: 1

      You mean things like receive a blood transfusion?

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
    2. Re: Better Idea. by sconeu · · Score: 1

      Yeah, because when I'm brought into the ER and I'm unconscious, I'm really going to do that.

      --
      General Relativity: Space-time tells matter where to go; Matter tells space-time what shape to be.
    3. Re: Better Idea. by Win0ver · · Score: 1

      I'll make sure to ask the staff to use blood from a 'known and tested source' if I ever get in a car accident and lose enough blood to need a transfusion. Never mind the fact that I'll be unconscious and that a few minutes of delay means I'll die.

    4. Re: Better Idea. by BECoole · · Score: 1

      Uh... Blood banks already test for HIV

  18. Re: Oh FFS by Opportunist · · Score: 1

    Go and fuck a chick in Swaziland. Just don't do it in her ass and you should be all right.

    --
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  19. How many times have we read this story? by GodfatherofSoul · · Score: 1

    Someone claims to have a cure to cancer or AIDS. Usually an overzealous reporter. Actual facts, it's some quirky edge case or someone looking for money.

    I don't believe anyone has a cure to anything until they're selling the pill.

    --
    I swear to God...I swear to God! That is NOT how you treat your human!
  20. unfortunately... by slashmydots · · Score: 1

    They haven't found a cure for the careless stupidity that lets people catch HIV in the first place. People that dumb are going to find a way to get themselves killed if they're that uncautious whether you cure their HIV or not.

    1. Re:unfortunately... by Major_Disorder · · Score: 1

      They haven't found a cure for the careless stupidity that lets people catch HIV in the first place. People that dumb are going to find a way to get themselves killed if they're that uncautious whether you cure their HIV or not.

      You mean "careless stupidity" like my childhood friend who got it from a blood transfusion after a car accident in which he was a passenger? Worthless sacks of shit like you make me sick.

      --
      First law of people: People are generally stupid.
    2. Re:unfortunately... by ffkom · · Score: 1

      There may be people who get infected out of mindless stupidity, but there are also plenty who are infected without doing anything stupid, but just happen to have received medicine for hemophilia at the time it was unsafe, or lived a mundane sex life with a partner who happened to seek sexual adventures also elsewhere and so on...

  21. Re:I have this mutation by ceoyoyo · · Score: 1

    The big reason bone marrow transplants are dangerous is because you have to give the patient what is effectively a lethal dose of chemo or radiation to kill off their existing immune system. I expect the next few years will bring a cure for HIV infection that involves selectively killing off T cells with antibody therapy, then reconstituting the immune system with autologous stem cells engineered to be HIV resistant.

    Immune targeted antibody therapies are already approved for multiple sclerosis and a few other autoimmune diseases. It won't be long before somebody tries it on HIV.

  22. Re:Oh FFS by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

    Yeah, he does not understand that gays are not the problem but the solution!
    So many lesbian women out of reach, sigh ... and many are so damn hot! So I'm happy about every gay not restricting the pool to pick from any further :P

    --
    Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.
  23. Re:Rejoice by sjames · · Score: 1

    Your comment is well on target. In Jesus' day, leprosy was the "punishment from God" disease.

    WWJD? Heal the lepers.

  24. Re:"Cured" is wrong by sjames · · Score: 1

    Increased likelihood of a future symptomatic condition is a negative effect.

  25. Re:Oh FFS by gweihir · · Score: 1

    Well, I would give you a "+1 Funny" for that if I could.

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    Most ACs are not even worth the keystrokes to insult them. Be generically insulted by this and ignored otherwise.
  26. Re:"Cured" is wrong by Kyr+Arvin · · Score: 1

    Well, in that case, everyone who ever had chicken pox as a child is still technically "infected with a disease" (Herpes Zoster).

    Yes, yes they are, we get tons of commercials where I live about Shingles that say as much.

  27. Re:I have this mutation by drwho · · Score: 1

    Me too. Are you heterozygous or homozygous ( yeah be prepared for beavis and butthead jokes ) ? I met someone doing genetic research on HIV and mentioned this, and he was fascinated, because I was the only person he had met who knowingly had this mutation. It still doesn't get me to the head of the line in getting $$ for marrow transplants though. There is not organized system for handling this. Yes, I would want money for my pain and suffering. Call me selfish if you want but people with other mutations get money for it all the time, just not in this way.

  28. Re:Oh FFS by angel'o'sphere · · Score: 1

    And I thought it was "+1 Insightful" ... sigh.

    --
    Cost free eBook I read (by iBook/Kobo/Amazon/ObookO/Gutenberg etc.): "The Green Odyssey" by Philip Jose Farmer.