Moore's law is based more on economics than technology. He was just a hands on executive who had a clear vision of what the future would bring. Anybody who actually has read his original paper would realize this. The fact that his theory has held up this long is incredulous.
I would love for Netflix to produce a Linux client (I was outraged to find there wasn't one), even though Netflix Canada still does not have anything to watch on it, so I'm paying $8 for about one movie every month.
Unfortunately, there are simply too many distributions to support. If we pay hard earned money for something, we demand that it works always, regardless of the distribution we may be using or what else we are running.
Saying that, It would be a joke to write a Linux client, especially since they already have some experienced developers as it would seem. I imagine there may be some lobbying that is keeping the service from coming to linux. Imagine the concept of dirt cheap netflix set top boxes using embedded linux. It may even be pretty easy to make with a wireless arduino module. I imagine it would completely destroy cable distribution as we know it (not that it isn't already dying), in America at least. The fact that most people still want to watch their tv on a tv, instead of having to hook up their wireless laptop to a wired tv to stream online media. If viewers could pay 10 dollars once for a set top box and 8 dollars a month for netlix, instead of 50 for cable, and a lot more for a crappy pvr. Imagine a set top box that is just a sheva plug using external flash storage, so you tv could go with you everywhere. I know I am a a dreamer. Linux opens too many possibilities.
I'd be interested in seeing an app store moderated by a free software foundation. I think it could attract a lot of talented developers. It would free us from the walled garden and the android market is being drowned by a flood of low quality development. For example, if you look for a live wallpaper, there are hundreds of applications from just a few of the same developers. Developers should be restricted in the amount of applications that they slapped together which they are allowed to release. A foundation like Mozilla understands good software.
Cloud applications are making a good fight, but in reality local applications/games in javascript and webgl are the future. Both of these types of web applications could be distributed through mozilla. I'd be willing to part with the same 30% that Apple takes from my pie, if the store garners a decent customer base.
When I was young, a toy that I enjoyed was "Spirograph". It was a drawing set that constructs artistic and geometric figures from hypotrochoids (shapes constructed within another shape) and epitrochoids (shapes constructed outside of another shape). It satisfied my fetish for symmetry, which ending up evolving into a career in computer science. The toy combines art and creativity with mathematics. An explosive combination.
If you want to generate keen interest in the present, you need to combine the toy with fancy pens. Crayons, markers, leads, and pencils just aren't cool anymore. Girls will be insanely attracted to metallic pens (gold, silver, etc). Don't skimp out on the pens! Kids LOVE fancy pens. And get all the colors in the rainbow. You may need to spend a bit of money, since pens are expensive, but a Spirograph with awesome pens is a sure to win some love from them.
Mechanics and electronics toys are a bit too advanced for a five to ten year old. I can't wait to get my nephew into software or electronics, but I keep reminding myself that he is not even two years old yet. Legos are always the obvious constructive choice.
It is ridiculous to call this new technology. It is just another form range sensing that is being researched in universities all over the world. Light is still just electromagnetic radiation. I am sure there are lots of other projects doing the same this as this, but since it is from the MIT Media Lab it gets the "oooo, awww.." factor.
Using the backscatter from diffuse reflection is seriously limiting.
Radar systems are brutally prone to clutter, echoes, and interference. The system is limited by range, and a linear line of sight (from object to object in this case).
It will only produce a three dimensional image when in a closed environment. Otherwise it will only produce a front shadow of a figure.
It blows me away how often old technology is replicated in computer science and called new technology. Not that their software does not make it better (like some decent noise cancelling), but to call it "new" is like painting a white horse with black stripes and calling it a zebra.
I've said this a couple times now, but she has cognitive disabilities due to an oxygen deficiency at birth. She has more problems than just her movements. She is really a great person on the surface, but sometimes her aggression becomes completely inappropriate when it is brought out by her impatience.
Also, I never said she should not be able to watch these videos. I said that these videos negatively affect her. I just wish there was some way to help her better understand things. The news clips she watches are about every murder, rape, violent or racist act in America. We are Canadian, so we are not use to such horrible news all the time. Not that these things don't happen up here. Its just not as abundant.
Hahahaha... man, I wish we could do that, then I would not have to watch those awful news clips. It is almost ALWAYS Fox news when she approaches me with a new video she wants me to watch. Sometimes I can not even watch five seconds of it. I'd say her mom is just trying to treat her like a normal person, and not block her from the rest of the world. Like I said in my original post, there are definitely some minor positives from her obsession with social media.
We do our best at treating her as a normal person. To say otherwise would be an insult to her family. (I know you are not trying to be insulting).
Unfortunately, it is impossible to treat someone the same way you treat others, when the person refuses to feed herself, use the washroom, or even wake up in the morning, unless directed to do so. I doubt anyone understands how hard this must be on her mother, unless they have gone through it personally. I really hate that I have had to get so personal about this just to make my point clear.
As I said in a previous post above, she had an oxygen deficiency at birth which caused her to develop cognitive disabilities. She is not like all other CP patients. All situations are different, which is my original point. It may be a positive for some people, but for others, it is definitely a negative.
I never took his comment as offensive. I took it as being indifferent. There is a huge difference, but I feel it is just as bad.
Get off my high horse? I was just trying to make a post about my experience in my own life. I took the high ground because the Kirijini did not understand my particular situation.
I bet you get so much satisfaction out of making completely useless posts that simply offend others. I realize I was offensive in my second post, but it was due to my hatred of indifference.
I will reiterate. People who take away from the significance of a comment by pointing out the obvious without considering the specifics of the situation really annoy me. I don't even know why I waste my time posting to these threads, since it all falls on indifferent ears.
I actually care about my cousin, so I would like to understand how she may be able to grow up to be a better person.
No worries. I'm sorry I was so quick to judge you. But I still think you are completely misguided. It is my point that it is not her condition that magnifies her reactions, but her lack of patience from an obsession with social media. She is not learning the required social skills to learn how to deal with frustrating situations. This is not a common situation, and it is obvious that you have not had to deal with someone with such drastic disabilities, otherwise you would understand my point. I'm not trying to sound haughty, but instead I am just trying to get my point out that media does in fact negatively affect our youth. The influence is just more obvious in some people than others.
Man, you have no idea what you are talking about. Unfortunately, she is not a normal young adult. Her oxygen was cut off at birth, and caused additional harm.
You know nothing about her situation, or her reactions due to her impatience.
However, I am not going to discuss anything personal about this here.
People like you rot me, who take away from the significance of a comment by pointing out the obvious without regarding specifics.
My cousin has cerebral palsy, and I am amazed at her ability as a user of her iPod Touch. She has fully integrated herself into the world of social media, and as a result has made more friends who can seem to communicate with her more easily in the social media scene, than in a subjective and judgmental school yard.
Unfortunately, she also watches completely inane news videos online, which do nothing for her development. She constantly asks others to watch these horrible news clips. Her grandmother tells her that she "plugs in" or has "plugged in", whenever she puts her headphones in and becomes dead to the physical world. She hates when her Nan tells her this, and is very impatient with her Mom, brother, and others.
There is a post in the TVersity forums from back in April stating that TVersity would be coming to Linux within months. http://forums.tversity.com/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=13993/
IMO TVersity is a solid application. Unfortunately, at the moment, there is only a windows version released.
I am a developer, and I have to admit to my affinity for anime. I have tried flash on my nexus on most of the popular streaming sites (chrunchyroll, funimation, etc), and it works excellent, and their flash players are terrible. Most of the time, the player is the source of problems, not the framework. I think HTML5 is great as well (thewildernessdowntown.com/), but anyone who puts down Flash so adamantly is an idiot.
people in the front rows may be exposed to some splash effects. some viewer experiences involve heart attacks, and conjunctivitis. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivitis)
The OS X compositor is based on their own implementation of the PDF specification inside of Quartz 2D. Which means, they use their own framework to render PDFs. Why would they use acrobat reader when their core graphical framework is built around PDFs? This has nothing to do with Adobe or Flash.
Also, the PDF exploit was only the initial hack to upload their code. Somehow they managed to gain root access just from executing the payload data within the nested browser application. This worries me a lot more than the PDF browser exploit.
If you want to get current, you should start by making a sample web page. You need a face for your programming skills, a portfolio of sorts.
You can either pay $5 a month for a domain and hosting services, or just set up a linux box, install apache and php, and use a free dynamic dns from dyndns.org. If you pay anything more than that for a personal website you are getting ripped off.
The modern web languages would be HTML, XML, Javascript, CSS, PHP, SVG. Excellent simple tutorials for all the languages are found at w3schools.com
If you want a greater challenge, I would check out a few mobile platforms. Android and the iPhone OS. They have excellent sample applications, and terrific tutorials on their SDK websites (developer.android.com and developer.apple.com/iphone). They both require a modest developer fee.
The languages for the Android SDK are Java and XML. I tend to just use Java for the initial setup, and use the NDK (native development kit) for all my complex programming in c++. The main language for the iPhone OS is Obj-C, but since it is just a stripped down and dressed up version of unix, it uses a gcc llvm, (plus many other bsd utilities), so you also have C++ at your finger tips. For C++ check out cppreference, and cpluplus.com for info. I would not write any more obj-c than what is in the sample applications. Any cocoa framework information is found in Apple's excellent online and offline documentation.
If you want to get into some desktop application development, I would check out Qt (qt.nokia.com). You can either go the Python or C++ route. I much
prefer C++.
The libraries to start with should be OpenGL/OpenGL ES, GLSL, OpenCL/Cuda. There are some outdated tutorials at nehe.gamedev.net, but devmaster.net and gamedev.net are excellent resources. Also, Nvidia provides an excellent GPU computing SDK for cuda and OpenCL, with lots of samples and documents (developer.nvidia.com/object/cuda_3_1_downloads.html).
WebGL will soon be the standard for online gaming. If you do not want to learn WebGL, you could check out GLGE. (www.glge.org)
If you do not want to learn OpenGL, GLSL, which takes a lot of graphical theory, then you could try out Ogre (ogre.org). It is an excellent starting point for graphics developers, though a lot of the time it is better to just code it yourself than deal with a lot of the constant changes to an engine that are out of control. Even the simple act of changing a class declaration from a lowercase to capital can be such an annoyance. Plus you become dependent on lots of unsupported aging extensions.
Another popular skill is writing python plugins for open source or commercial graphical applications (blender, xsi, etc).
If you take any of these suggestions, consider yourself a contemporary developer.
If you have become windows dependent, I really suggest you start playing around with a linux distro. I'm sure you are familiar with a CLI style interface. Check out Ubuntu or OpenSuse. If you really really want to develop on windows, then checkout C# and DirectX, which are the popular tools for windows. msdn.microsoft.com is the site to use for information.
If you want to use an IDE, I suggest Eclipse, X-Code, or Visual Studio Express. But emacs and vim are still the popular choices for most developers. I prefer vim.
All the OP wanted was some more modern hip developers tell him what languages he should learn. So much ugly negativity. Anyone can program, at any age. I hate that we make it such an esoteric cynical society for which we must have a "no homer" membership to join.
Development has become so well documented online, that I bet I could teach my nephew to program before he even learns to read. You do not really need to be able to read. You only need to know how to copy and paste. Not that I condone it, but most developers become dependent on the action. Make sure you understand the difference between LGPL, and GPL. Most people do not understand that they are suppose to contribute back any changes, even in the academia environment.
The problem is that you start to do all the real research after the masters, and everybody else is a PhD student/postdoc. And unless you want to get paid like a PhD student (unlikely since you're at a national lab and making much more $) it would be very hard for a research group to afford you. If they do have the money for a professional programmer (very few do these days) they'll want you to do the programming stuff that the grad students don't want to do (or don't have time/expertise). Even if you can program better than the grad students, you won't be appreciated in an individual research group because the essential purpose is scientific creation and the valued artifact is publishable scientific results, not an enduring software system.
I've got to tastefully disagree.
I am a professional programmer, I am on a masters track, I get paid like a PhD, and I do the research of a PhD. A PhD is simply part 2 of my research, if I choose to do it.
If there are no universities in the USA that can afford you, then come to a Canadian University (University of Waterloo, University of Toronto, University of British Columbia) . There is lots of research money up here. We have produced as much research and development as any country in the world (satellite and radio communications, Canada Arm (NASA's robotic arm), lots of other rover technology, etc).
Slashdot Mirror
such as Twitter and other forms of social media, they will find a way around to be able to use it...
Moore's law is based more on economics than technology. He was just a hands on executive who had a clear vision of what the future would bring. Anybody who actually has read his original paper would realize this. The fact that his theory has held up this long is incredulous.
I would love for Netflix to produce a Linux client (I was outraged to find there wasn't one), even though Netflix Canada still does not have anything to watch on it, so I'm paying $8 for about one movie every month.
Unfortunately, there are simply too many distributions to support. If we pay hard earned money for something, we demand that it works always, regardless of the distribution we may be using or what else we are running.
Saying that, It would be a joke to write a Linux client, especially since they already have some experienced developers as it would seem. I imagine there may be some lobbying that is keeping the service from coming to linux. Imagine the concept of dirt cheap netflix set top boxes using embedded linux. It may even be pretty easy to make with a wireless arduino module. I imagine it would completely destroy cable distribution as we know it (not that it isn't already dying), in America at least. The fact that most people still want to watch their tv on a tv, instead of having to hook up their wireless laptop to a wired tv to stream online media. If viewers could pay 10 dollars once for a set top box and 8 dollars a month for netlix, instead of 50 for cable, and a lot more for a crappy pvr. Imagine a set top box that is just a sheva plug using external flash storage, so you tv could go with you everywhere. I know I am a a dreamer. Linux opens too many possibilities.
I'd be interested in seeing an app store moderated by a free software foundation. I think it could attract a lot of talented developers. It would free us from the walled garden and the android market is being drowned by a flood of low quality development. For example, if you look for a live wallpaper, there are hundreds of applications from just a few of the same developers. Developers should be restricted in the amount of applications that they slapped together which they are allowed to release. A foundation like Mozilla understands good software.
Cloud applications are making a good fight, but in reality local applications/games in javascript and webgl are the future. Both of these types of web applications could be distributed through mozilla. I'd be willing to part with the same 30% that Apple takes from my pie, if the store garners a decent customer base.
When I was young, a toy that I enjoyed was "Spirograph". It was a drawing set that constructs artistic and geometric figures from hypotrochoids (shapes constructed within another shape) and epitrochoids (shapes constructed outside of another shape). It satisfied my fetish for symmetry, which ending up evolving into a career in computer science. The toy combines art and creativity with mathematics. An explosive combination.
If you want to generate keen interest in the present, you need to combine the toy with fancy pens. Crayons, markers, leads, and pencils just aren't cool anymore. Girls will be insanely attracted to metallic pens (gold, silver, etc). Don't skimp out on the pens! Kids LOVE fancy pens. And get all the colors in the rainbow. You may need to spend a bit of money, since pens are expensive, but a Spirograph with awesome pens is a sure to win some love from them.
Mechanics and electronics toys are a bit too advanced for a five to ten year old. I can't wait to get my nephew into software or electronics, but I keep reminding myself that he is not even two years old yet. Legos are always the obvious constructive choice.
It is ridiculous to call this new technology. It is just another form range sensing that is being researched in universities all over the world. Light is still just electromagnetic radiation. I am sure there are lots of other projects doing the same this as this, but since it is from the MIT Media Lab it gets the "oooo, awww.." factor.
Using the backscatter from diffuse reflection is seriously limiting.
Radar systems are brutally prone to clutter, echoes, and interference. The system is limited by range, and a linear line of sight (from object to object in this case).
It will only produce a three dimensional image when in a closed environment. Otherwise it will only produce a front shadow of a figure.
It blows me away how often old technology is replicated in computer science and called new technology. Not that their software does not make it better (like some decent noise cancelling), but to call it "new" is like painting a white horse with black stripes and calling it a zebra.
With all due respect to the 32 internet rock stars, it is fairly clear from TFA that these guys all remember when Keith Richards was young.
It sounds like they are selling out to the lobbyists that kiss their asses. Everything seems a bit too self contradictory.
A better question is "when did we ever think that the internet would/should/could be open and fair?"
Wow, there is a post at the beginning of this thread that I refer you to... I hope you enjoy being a waste of a person...
All I wanted was some constructive feedback regarding my cousin... and instead I have to converse with an asshole
I've said this a couple times now, but she has cognitive disabilities due to an oxygen deficiency at birth. She has more problems than just her movements. She is really a great person on the surface, but sometimes her aggression becomes completely inappropriate when it is brought out by her impatience.
Also, I never said she should not be able to watch these videos. I said that these videos negatively affect her. I just wish there was some way to help her better understand things. The news clips she watches are about every murder, rape, violent or racist act in America. We are Canadian, so we are not use to such horrible news all the time. Not that these things don't happen up here. Its just not as abundant.
Hahahaha... man, I wish we could do that, then I would not have to watch those awful news clips. It is almost ALWAYS Fox news when she approaches me with a new video she wants me to watch. Sometimes I can not even watch five seconds of it. I'd say her mom is just trying to treat her like a normal person, and not block her from the rest of the world. Like I said in my original post, there are definitely some minor positives from her obsession with social media.
We do our best at treating her as a normal person. To say otherwise would be an insult to her family. (I know you are not trying to be insulting).
Unfortunately, it is impossible to treat someone the same way you treat others, when the person refuses to feed herself, use the washroom, or even wake up in the morning, unless directed to do so. I doubt anyone understands how hard this must be on her mother, unless they have gone through it personally. I really hate that I have had to get so personal about this just to make my point clear.
As I said in a previous post above, she had an oxygen deficiency at birth which caused her to develop cognitive disabilities. She is not like all other CP patients. All situations are different, which is my original point. It may be a positive for some people, but for others, it is definitely a negative.
I never took his comment as offensive. I took it as being indifferent. There is a huge difference, but I feel it is just as bad.
Get off my high horse? I was just trying to make a post about my experience in my own life. I took the high ground because the Kirijini did not understand my particular situation.
I bet you get so much satisfaction out of making completely useless posts that simply offend others. I realize I was offensive in my second post, but it was due to my hatred of indifference.
I will reiterate. People who take away from the significance of a comment by pointing out the obvious without considering the specifics of the situation really annoy me. I don't even know why I waste my time posting to these threads, since it all falls on indifferent ears.
I actually care about my cousin, so I would like to understand how she may be able to grow up to be a better person.
No worries. I'm sorry I was so quick to judge you. But I still think you are completely misguided. It is my point that it is not her condition that magnifies her reactions, but her lack of patience from an obsession with social media. She is not learning the required social skills to learn how to deal with frustrating situations. This is not a common situation, and it is obvious that you have not had to deal with someone with such drastic disabilities, otherwise you would understand my point. I'm not trying to sound haughty, but instead I am just trying to get my point out that media does in fact negatively affect our youth. The influence is just more obvious in some people than others.
Man, you have no idea what you are talking about. Unfortunately, she is not a normal young adult. Her oxygen was cut off at birth, and caused additional harm.
You know nothing about her situation, or her reactions due to her impatience.
However, I am not going to discuss anything personal about this here.
People like you rot me, who take away from the significance of a comment by pointing out the obvious without regarding specifics.
My cousin has cerebral palsy, and I am amazed at her ability as a user of her iPod Touch. She has fully integrated herself into the world of social media, and as a result has made more friends who can seem to communicate with her more easily in the social media scene, than in a subjective and judgmental school yard.
Unfortunately, she also watches completely inane news videos online, which do nothing for her development. She constantly asks others to watch these horrible news clips. Her grandmother tells her that she "plugs in" or has "plugged in", whenever she puts her headphones in and becomes dead to the physical world. She hates when her Nan tells her this, and is very impatient with her Mom, brother, and others.
Socialists my ass... conservatism is becoming synonymous with capitalism... where did our liberalism go?
The manufacturers needed them for mobile devices...
There is a post in the TVersity forums from back in April stating that TVersity would be coming to Linux within months. http://forums.tversity.com/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=13993/ IMO TVersity is a solid application. Unfortunately, at the moment, there is only a windows version released.
I am a developer, and I have to admit to my affinity for anime. I have tried flash on my nexus on most of the popular streaming sites (chrunchyroll, funimation, etc), and it works excellent, and their flash players are terrible. Most of the time, the player is the source of problems, not the framework. I think HTML5 is great as well (thewildernessdowntown.com/), but anyone who puts down Flash so adamantly is an idiot.
climate changes you... com'on... nobody?
wrong post... argh...
people in the front rows may be exposed to some splash effects. some viewer experiences involve heart attacks, and conjunctivitis. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjunctivitis)
Also, the PDF exploit was only the initial hack to upload their code. Somehow they managed to gain root access just from executing the payload data within the nested browser application. This worries me a lot more than the PDF browser exploit.
Apple = Fail
If you want to get current, you should start by making a sample web page. You need a face for your programming skills, a portfolio of sorts.
You can either pay $5 a month for a domain and hosting services, or just set up a linux box, install apache and php, and use a free dynamic dns from dyndns.org. If you pay anything more than that for a personal website you are getting ripped off.
The modern web languages would be HTML, XML, Javascript, CSS, PHP, SVG. Excellent simple tutorials for all the languages are found at w3schools.com
If you want a greater challenge, I would check out a few mobile platforms. Android and the iPhone OS. They have excellent sample applications, and terrific tutorials on their SDK websites (developer.android.com and developer.apple.com/iphone). They both require a modest developer fee.
The languages for the Android SDK are Java and XML. I tend to just use Java for the initial setup, and use the NDK (native development kit) for all my complex programming in c++. The main language for the iPhone OS is Obj-C, but since it is just a stripped down and dressed up version of unix, it uses a gcc llvm, (plus many other bsd utilities), so you also have C++ at your finger tips. For C++ check out cppreference, and cpluplus.com for info. I would not write any more obj-c than what is in the sample applications. Any cocoa framework information is found in Apple's excellent online and offline documentation.
If you want to get into some desktop application development, I would check out Qt (qt.nokia.com). You can either go the Python or C++ route. I much prefer C++.
The libraries to start with should be OpenGL/OpenGL ES, GLSL, OpenCL/Cuda. There are some outdated tutorials at nehe.gamedev.net, but devmaster.net and gamedev.net are excellent resources. Also, Nvidia provides an excellent GPU computing SDK for cuda and OpenCL, with lots of samples and documents (developer.nvidia.com/object/cuda_3_1_downloads.html).
WebGL will soon be the standard for online gaming. If you do not want to learn WebGL, you could check out GLGE. (www.glge.org)
If you do not want to learn OpenGL, GLSL, which takes a lot of graphical theory, then you could try out Ogre (ogre.org). It is an excellent starting point for graphics developers, though a lot of the time it is better to just code it yourself than deal with a lot of the constant changes to an engine that are out of control. Even the simple act of changing a class declaration from a lowercase to capital can be such an annoyance. Plus you become dependent on lots of unsupported aging extensions.
Another popular skill is writing python plugins for open source or commercial graphical applications (blender, xsi, etc).
If you take any of these suggestions, consider yourself a contemporary developer.
If you have become windows dependent, I really suggest you start playing around with a linux distro. I'm sure you are familiar with a CLI style interface. Check out Ubuntu or OpenSuse. If you really really want to develop on windows, then checkout C# and DirectX, which are the popular tools for windows. msdn.microsoft.com is the site to use for information.
If you want to use an IDE, I suggest Eclipse, X-Code, or Visual Studio Express. But emacs and vim are still the popular choices for most developers. I prefer vim.
All the OP wanted was some more modern hip developers tell him what languages he should learn. So much ugly negativity. Anyone can program, at any age. I hate that we make it such an esoteric cynical society for which we must have a "no homer" membership to join.
Development has become so well documented online, that I bet I could teach my nephew to program before he even learns to read. You do not really need to be able to read. You only need to know how to copy and paste. Not that I condone it, but most developers become dependent on the action. Make sure you understand the difference between LGPL, and GPL. Most people do not understand that they are suppose to contribute back any changes, even in the academia environment.
The problem is that you start to do all the real research after the masters, and everybody else is a PhD student/postdoc. And unless you want to get paid like a PhD student (unlikely since you're at a national lab and making much more $) it would be very hard for a research group to afford you. If they do have the money for a professional programmer (very few do these days) they'll want you to do the programming stuff that the grad students don't want to do (or don't have time/expertise). Even if you can program better than the grad students, you won't be appreciated in an individual research group because the essential purpose is scientific creation and the valued artifact is publishable scientific results, not an enduring software system.
I've got to tastefully disagree. I am a professional programmer, I am on a masters track, I get paid like a PhD, and I do the research of a PhD. A PhD is simply part 2 of my research, if I choose to do it. If there are no universities in the USA that can afford you, then come to a Canadian University (University of Waterloo, University of Toronto, University of British Columbia) . There is lots of research money up here. We have produced as much research and development as any country in the world (satellite and radio communications, Canada Arm (NASA's robotic arm), lots of other rover technology, etc).