RADIO stars. It was video that killed the radio stars.
And AOL effectively killed the Compuserve forums within a couple of years of them buying the system. That would have been about 2005 - long enough ago that I struggle to remember when I cancelled my account.
I recall reading some time ago that Mt Erebus had a unique type of low silicate lava
An anorthoclase phonolite in the lava lake, which is pretty uncommon. But phonolites themselves are less uncommon - I've scrambled over phonolite lava flows in Tenerife (porphyritic with orthoclase crystals, not anorthoclase ; meh!) myself. Beautiful "entrail pahoehoe" structures (looks like the guts falling out of a cow being butchered) on a 200-odd meter frozen lava fall. The flow was before written history on the island IIRC, but is probably only little over a millennium old. Phonolite is itself associated with mantle plumes, but the association is not exact - it can be formed in other environments.
Your reply suggests to me that relative to the continent above it, the plume is moving toward Mt Erebus. Does that make sense?
Without a far more detailed seismic network than is plausible in Antarctica (to establish that there is a deep magma source, and that it is a plume with a central conduit from extremely deep in the mantle as opposed to a more complex structure such as the EAR (which contains at least one plume as a minor component)), I'd be very hesitant to accept that there is a plume anywhere near Antarctica. While the idea of mantle plumes is interesting and would explain some things, it's much much harder to generate the evidence needed to to demonstrate that this example is a mantle plume originating near the core-mantle boundary, and staying in a fixed location relative to the moving mantle above it. That's only been well demonstrated for the Hawaiian plume and the Icelandic one, TTBOMK, and both of them can only be seismically demonstrated to a depth of less than a thousand kilometres - which is not what the text books say a plume is meant to be.
The whole "plume" story is attractive. But the proposed mechanisms for driving one are not convincing, the evidence is less than convincing, and the link between the proposed (unconvincing) mechanism and the observed rock types at surface is pretty weak too. I'm less than convinced by the whole story, and a lot of other geologists are too.
I know geologists are notorious for being picky and disputative about evidence. That's because it's damned hard to see more than about a half a millimetre (500 micrometres) into rock. Which makes seeing what is happening a thousand or two kilometres down a little hard.
Part of the "story" of mantle plumes is the proposal that they originate at the core-mantle boundary (+/- a hundred km or so - the thickness of the atmosphere) for whatever reasons, rise buoyantly vertically to the base of the lithosphere (undeviated by the convection currents over the 2500km of it's ascent), there producing a rather wide variety of undersaturated and/or peralkaline magmas. It's also a critical part of the dogma that the source regions don't move with time and they aren't displaced by the magma flow currents as the continents move above them. Which is a couple of bits of impossibility or implausibility too much for me, even after I've had my breakfast. And despite being asked, for decades, the "plume dogmatists" still haven't really produced a good answer to these questions. I remember reading about the theory, and these disputes with it, when I was a teenage school student in the late 1970s, when plate tectonics was fresh and new. Hell, I've asked questions like this after lectures by Dan "sea-floor spreading" MacKenzie about the history of plate tectonics, and he hasn't heard convincing answers either.
Those quibbles over the existence of plumes at all don't change the fact that if there were an identifiable plume in the area, it'd be making at most a couple of cm/year in any direction relative to the crust. We haven't been observing long enough and we don't have enough data on eruption distribution (in space or in time) in the puta
wording in the ancient explanations that didn't really make sense until we understood quantum physics.
You read ancient Greek or Hebrew - depending on which parts of the Buy-Bull you're wittering on about. Or the Vulgate translation to Latin? Or Luther's translation from Latin to German. Or Tyndale's translation into English, considerably cribbed from Luther's. Or the several other translations into English, mostly cribbed from Tyndale's.
they had issues with people living in cold places taking their phones in and out of buildings and finding that water had condensed inside the phone
So - iPhones aren't remotely waterproof - or for that matter dust proof? Which has been a characteristic of my last 3 or 4 phones.
A fuck does not need to be given about water condensing on the outside of a waterproof phone. If the phone is waterproof then the moisture-laden air doesn't get inside it to do any damage if it condenses.
The Erebus plume under Ross Island has been documented ever since the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957 and probably earlier. So has a second plume been discovered in the same area? Or is this story about confirmation of what was already known? WTF?
Mantle plumes are a lot bigger than one volcano. For example, the Canary Islands (20-odd volcanic islands scattered over several hundred kilometres from the African coast) are the products of one plume.
Erebus is on the other side of the Ross Ice Shelf embayment from Marie Byrd Land, and on an extension of the trend. The whole scale of the volcanic system is more comparable to the East African Rift (EAR) system, with around 90 sub-ice volcanoes recently identified. (There was a thread on it here a few months ago. I can't remember if I submitted it, or if it was someone else.) We don't have enough rock samples from the area to characterise the province well, but the EAR covers the range from basalt to carbonatite, within my career duration.
The major deglaciation from about 20kyr ago to 10kyr did not cause huge outpourings from the volcanoes. Through-ice radar and echo sounding can penetrate back to bedrock and reveal the presence of ash beds in the ice, which can be crudely dated. Your concerns are not irrational, but something that your descendants 50 generations from now need to worry about.
Agriculture has barely existed for 50 generations.
New Madrid is in Missouri isn't it? And the faults are a deep-running Caledonide trend, IIRC. So multiple kilometres below the intervals fracked in Oklahoma.
New Madrid is pretty central in the continental USA, so it's closer to Oklahoma (where ever that is ; I'm not American and don't either know or care) than a lot of the country. But it's probably further than the couple of kilometres range of fracking-induced fracturing.
Citation required. Most models of GRBs also have the radiation being strongly beamed (a few degrees beam divergence), so while it's path of death and destruction could stretch from one end of a galaxy to the other, it's not likely to take out an entire galaxy (under most circumstances).
They are most likely to occur in the center of galaxies, which may explain why all known life bearing planetary systems are in the galactic fringes (disclaimer: data is limited).
Again, citation required. GRBs require vigorous interaction of compact objects. Compact objects get scattered by gravitational interactions, which spreads them away from their formation regions. I can't think of a mechanism that would preferentially concentrate them into the centres of (symmetrical) galaxies. I'd expect them to be concentrated in star-forming regions, from where they diffuse. If they have time.
Citations :
"The ubiquitously star-forming nature of the GRB host population is one of several lines of evidence linking GRBs to massive stars" (in Introduction to Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies in Emission and Absorption, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.007...) "In contrast GRBs occur in small, relatively low mass galaxies with high specific and surface star formation rates, and have a spiral fraction of only â¼10%." (in The host galaxies of core-collapse supernovae and gamma ray bursts, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.504...)
Would there be time to point to the skies, cry out "Good lord! (choke!)"?
Unlikely. The initial burst can peak in 10ms.
This would (possibly) take out the Thargoids on one hemisphere of the planet. Several hundred km of rock (modest asteroid or moonlet) protects against gamma rays pretty well and very few planets or moons rotate in less than a few hours. There would be atmospheric effects, but also confined to one hemisphere and taking months to propagate to the rest of the planet. A bad hair day for sure. Lots of diaries stop in the next days, weeks and months. Global mass extinction... rather more dubious. Unless you're pretty close to the source.
How do traditional taxi services in the UK handle things?
Your contract of employment (do you have those in the US?) will state either set hours and day of work, hours per week ("per rota") etc. and normally a stipulation that you don't accept employment from some other company. Break those terms of contact and you've broken the contract. So the company is not required to pay you.
A common stipulation is a little more complex - you might be required to get the agreement of your existing boss before accepting another (part time) contract from someone else, setting up your own company and working part time for that.
There are many other ways of dealing with it. But the scenario you describe is that you're not doing what your contract states, so the company is not required to pay you any wages. You'd also be triggering the disciplinary provisions of the contract. If you're stupid enough to have written a contract without those provisions (or to not start from a stock contract), that's your lookout as a Boss.
Drivers of larger vehicles already have - by law - to have a personal ID device which logs time at the wheel. Without the device inserted, the engine won't run (or the brakes won't release - however the immobilisation is achieved). Running or owning a vehicle without the controller hardware installed and working will lose your company your operating license (which is what Uber has lost from TfL and is appealing against). A driver found driving over hours loses his driving license - no ifs, no buts, no maybes - for all vehicles. A driver using someone else's card loses both licenses.
If taxi drivers try this to circumvent working hours regulations then these regulations will be extended from trucks and buses to all hired-with-driver vehicles. Would take zero hours of parliamentary time and only a "reasonable" window for implementation (a handful of months).
In Beijing - similar ; in the Himalayas far lower. Unsurprisingly. On average, it's bad but slowly decreasing.
The Chinese understand perfectly well that this is damaging to people's health, and reducing their productivity while increasing health expenditure. Which is why they're investing a lot of money in technologies to reduce their air pollution. And no matter how cheaply Trump produces American coal (by killing large numbers of Trump voters), they'll never buy the stuff.
If the diseases in question travel from mosquito to human (well, mammal) and then back to mosquito, but not from human to human, even if the whole population is infected with all of these disease then suppression of the mosquitoes would still be an effective way of clearing the population of these diseases.
I think that Zika has rare human-human (sexual) transmission. But even that doesn't obviate the validity of the approach.
A new, cheaper satellite will likely be somewhat different, both in instrumentation and necessarily procedures. Therefore its measurements will not precisely match previous ones - there will be a measurement discontinuity.
This is a genuine concern, and has been aired for literally years on exact this subject, concerning this very series of satellites.
What you need to do is to have both the new and old satellites in orbit, measuring the same areasat the same time and from nearly the same direction (so the difference in microwave paths through the ice are as close as possible to the same) then comparing the results from one to the other so you can then compare the two data sets through a calibration curve. Even politicians seem to understand this, which is remarkable given their general level of stupidity, and have moved to try to prevent it.
Slashdot Mirror
FTFY
Dozens? As few as that? Or do you mean just dozens of languages in any one city/ province - of which there are dozens.
RADIO stars. It was video that killed the radio stars.
And AOL effectively killed the Compuserve forums within a couple of years of them buying the system. That would have been about 2005 - long enough ago that I struggle to remember when I cancelled my account.
An anorthoclase phonolite in the lava lake, which is pretty uncommon. But phonolites themselves are less uncommon - I've scrambled over phonolite lava flows in Tenerife (porphyritic with orthoclase crystals, not anorthoclase ; meh!) myself. Beautiful "entrail pahoehoe" structures (looks like the guts falling out of a cow being butchered) on a 200-odd meter frozen lava fall. The flow was before written history on the island IIRC, but is probably only little over a millennium old. Phonolite is itself associated with mantle plumes, but the association is not exact - it can be formed in other environments.
Without a far more detailed seismic network than is plausible in Antarctica (to establish that there is a deep magma source, and that it is a plume with a central conduit from extremely deep in the mantle as opposed to a more complex structure such as the EAR (which contains at least one plume as a minor component)), I'd be very hesitant to accept that there is a plume anywhere near Antarctica. While the idea of mantle plumes is interesting and would explain some things, it's much much harder to generate the evidence needed to to demonstrate that this example is a mantle plume originating near the core-mantle boundary, and staying in a fixed location relative to the moving mantle above it. That's only been well demonstrated for the Hawaiian plume and the Icelandic one, TTBOMK, and both of them can only be seismically demonstrated to a depth of less than a thousand kilometres - which is not what the text books say a plume is meant to be.
The whole "plume" story is attractive. But the proposed mechanisms for driving one are not convincing, the evidence is less than convincing, and the link between the proposed (unconvincing) mechanism and the observed rock types at surface is pretty weak too. I'm less than convinced by the whole story, and a lot of other geologists are too.
I know geologists are notorious for being picky and disputative about evidence. That's because it's damned hard to see more than about a half a millimetre (500 micrometres) into rock. Which makes seeing what is happening a thousand or two kilometres down a little hard.
Part of the "story" of mantle plumes is the proposal that they originate at the core-mantle boundary (+/- a hundred km or so - the thickness of the atmosphere) for whatever reasons, rise buoyantly vertically to the base of the lithosphere (undeviated by the convection currents over the 2500km of it's ascent), there producing a rather wide variety of undersaturated and/or peralkaline magmas. It's also a critical part of the dogma that the source regions don't move with time and they aren't displaced by the magma flow currents as the continents move above them. Which is a couple of bits of impossibility or implausibility too much for me, even after I've had my breakfast. And despite being asked, for decades, the "plume dogmatists" still haven't really produced a good answer to these questions. I remember reading about the theory, and these disputes with it, when I was a teenage school student in the late 1970s, when plate tectonics was fresh and new. Hell, I've asked questions like this after lectures by Dan "sea-floor spreading" MacKenzie about the history of plate tectonics, and he hasn't heard convincing answers either.
Those quibbles over the existence of plumes at all don't change the fact that if there were an identifiable plume in the area, it'd be making at most a couple of cm/year in any direction relative to the crust. We haven't been observing long enough and we don't have enough data on eruption distribution (in space or in time) in the puta
What he meant was probably not what he wrote. That's just fucking stupid.
You read ancient Greek or Hebrew - depending on which parts of the Buy-Bull you're wittering on about. Or the Vulgate translation to Latin? Or Luther's translation from Latin to German. Or Tyndale's translation into English, considerably cribbed from Luther's. Or the several other translations into English, mostly cribbed from Tyndale's.
So - iPhones aren't remotely waterproof - or for that matter dust proof? Which has been a characteristic of my last 3 or 4 phones.
A fuck does not need to be given about water condensing on the outside of a waterproof phone. If the phone is waterproof then the moisture-laden air doesn't get inside it to do any damage if it condenses.
Mantle plumes are a lot bigger than one volcano. For example, the Canary Islands (20-odd volcanic islands scattered over several hundred kilometres from the African coast) are the products of one plume.
Erebus is on the other side of the Ross Ice Shelf embayment from Marie Byrd Land, and on an extension of the trend. The whole scale of the volcanic system is more comparable to the East African Rift (EAR) system, with around 90 sub-ice volcanoes recently identified. (There was a thread on it here a few months ago. I can't remember if I submitted it, or if it was someone else.) We don't have enough rock samples from the area to characterise the province well, but the EAR covers the range from basalt to carbonatite, within my career duration.
Agriculture has barely existed for 50 generations.
Not at all. This is at the literal other end of the planet from the Arctic.
New Madrid is pretty central in the continental USA, so it's closer to Oklahoma (where ever that is ; I'm not American and don't either know or care) than a lot of the country. But it's probably further than the couple of kilometres range of fracking-induced fracturing.
Un-considered hyperbole.
Citation required. Most models of GRBs also have the radiation being strongly beamed (a few degrees beam divergence), so while it's path of death and destruction could stretch from one end of a galaxy to the other, it's not likely to take out an entire galaxy (under most circumstances).
Again, citation required. GRBs require vigorous interaction of compact objects. Compact objects get scattered by gravitational interactions, which spreads them away from their formation regions. I can't think of a mechanism that would preferentially concentrate them into the centres of (symmetrical) galaxies. I'd expect them to be concentrated in star-forming regions, from where they diffuse. If they have time.
Citations :
"The ubiquitously star-forming nature of the GRB host population is one of several lines of evidence linking GRBs to massive stars" (in Introduction to Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies in Emission and Absorption, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1602.007...)
"In contrast GRBs occur in small, relatively low mass galaxies with high specific and surface star formation rates, and have a spiral fraction of only â¼10%." (in The host galaxies of core-collapse supernovae and gamma ray bursts, https://arxiv.org/pdf/1001.504...)
This would (possibly) take out the Thargoids on one hemisphere of the planet. Several hundred km of rock (modest asteroid or moonlet) protects against gamma rays pretty well and very few planets or moons rotate in less than a few hours. There would be atmospheric effects, but also confined to one hemisphere and taking months to propagate to the rest of the planet. A bad hair day for sure. Lots of diaries stop in the next days, weeks and months. Global mass extinction ... rather more dubious. Unless you're pretty close to the source.
Your contract of employment (do you have those in the US?) will state either set hours and day of work, hours per week ("per rota") etc. and normally a stipulation that you don't accept employment from some other company. Break those terms of contact and you've broken the contract. So the company is not required to pay you.
A common stipulation is a little more complex - you might be required to get the agreement of your existing boss before accepting another (part time) contract from someone else, setting up your own company and working part time for that.
There are many other ways of dealing with it. But the scenario you describe is that you're not doing what your contract states, so the company is not required to pay you any wages. You'd also be triggering the disciplinary provisions of the contract. If you're stupid enough to have written a contract without those provisions (or to not start from a stock contract), that's your lookout as a Boss.
Oh, you have to do pensions and things too.
If taxi drivers try this to circumvent working hours regulations then these regulations will be extended from trucks and buses to all hired-with-driver vehicles. Would take zero hours of parliamentary time and only a "reasonable" window for implementation (a handful of months).
To say that those things "drink" fuel is something of an understatement.
Just to square that circle, is there any reason at all for Intel to trust Google? Do they count the money, and remain prepared to spit?
In Beijing - similar ; in the Himalayas far lower. Unsurprisingly. On average, it's bad but slowly decreasing.
The Chinese understand perfectly well that this is damaging to people's health, and reducing their productivity while increasing health expenditure. Which is why they're investing a lot of money in technologies to reduce their air pollution. And no matter how cheaply Trump produces American coal (by killing large numbers of Trump voters), they'll never buy the stuff.
I think that Zika has rare human-human (sexual) transmission. But even that doesn't obviate the validity of the approach.
Unsurprisingly, there are moves by publishers to try to undermine the trend.
That'll be about 6.4km/minute ... Oh, per minute. Thought it was per second but 100m/s isn't a ridiculous speed for a plastic film line to run at.
This is a genuine concern, and has been aired for literally years on exact this subject, concerning this very series of satellites.
What you need to do is to have both the new and old satellites in orbit, measuring the same areas at the same time and from nearly the same direction (so the difference in microwave paths through the ice are as close as possible to the same) then comparing the results from one to the other so you can then compare the two data sets through a calibration curve. Even politicians seem to understand this, which is remarkable given their general level of stupidity, and have moved to try to prevent it.
Doesn't President Smallhands have qualifications in going bankrupt? So that too should make him an expert.
I for one, am training a chicken to make coffee.
Only through a Mackintosh.