How can you have "vast" quantities of "rare" earths?
Because the name is somewhat of a misnomer.
When the REEs were starting to be discovered in the 18-teens IIRC, they were certainly much rarer than the "common" earths such as iron ores, calcium carbonate (limestone) and quartz (silicon dioxide), and rarer than some less common earths such as copper ores. So "rare earth elements", REEs, didn't seem to be such a strange name. However, as analytical techniques improved (incidentally resulting in the discovery that there were many more REEs than originally thought, this being mostly before the development of the periodic table), some considerably rarer metals were discovered.
Unfortunately, by then the terminology had stuck.
If you don't like the terminology, call them the lanthanides instead.
Incidentally the term "earths" refers to naturally occurring oxides and hydroxyoxides of metals.
There's only one comment on the source website (and I'm not minded to sign up to the site to comment there) :
lazyreader says:
Would that be so much of a problem in drought prone areas? Which is a perfectly good question, but begs the follow-up question of "what about the marginal or drought-prone areas downwind of your seeded area, where your seeding accidentally or deliberately wrings the water out of the clouds, so these areas get tipped into full-blown drought?"
I'm also somewhat minded of the climate research done in mid-September 2011, which showed that the US is probably cooled by around 1deg C (1 K) by it's normal shroud of contrails.
(Travis, D.J.; A. Carleton and R.G. Lauritsen (8 2002). "Contrails reduce daily temperature range". Nature 418 (6898): 601. doi:10.1038/418601a. PMID 12167846.)
That's about a 350 mile each way trip to the Shetlands for work. But there are also commercial (if subsidized) air ferries in the area that use prop craft. And in some cases, don't even have runways, but land on the beach.
I'd be fairly surprised if there weren't other remote and/ or thinly settled regions where prop craft are still dominant.
I would have thought that Dunblane or Whitehaven or Hungerford would be better comparisons with Houston than Wakefield or Blackburn. On grounds of the count of gun-toting maniacs.
Wow, that would explain the hundreds of oil industry geologists in this town who are quitting their under-paid jobs hunting for and producing the black stuff, and are flocking to join the likes of Greenpeace.
Two more inconvenient facts for you
total number of geologists that I know of who have quit the industry and gone to join the Green movement : 1 (out of hundreds, literally ; and he was a volunteer for the Greens for at least 5 years before he quit ; and he's making a lot less money now than he was as a geologist)
total number of geologists, out of the hundreds that I know employed in the oil industry, who aren't satisfied that the IPCC have made their case on anthropogenic global warming : 1
But it's Northern Ireland. There have been sufficient scandals in the recent past of local judges, police officers, politicians etc. using the local child care homes as boy-buggering brothels (not the best of alliterations, I know) so the boy would know pretty clearly how he'd lose his virginity.
Can't we just freaking bribe them by given them an extra 25 billion a year for the next 40 years, save a few lives, and pocket the interest?
Hear that knocking at the front door? That's the NRA Thought Police coming round to take you away for thinking thoughts that don't involve shooting people who differ from you. Don't bother going out of the back door ; the FBI are there to convict you for your dope dealing, but they're in a race with the CIA who want to put your fingerprints onto your brand new copies of Das Kapital and Mein Kampf before "returning" them to your bookshelves.
You don't want to think about what the NIH are going to do ; just hope that you're dead before they get hold of you.
Heck subconsciously many realize that flying increases exposure to radiation from the sun.
Actually, most of the radiation risk from flying comes from cosmic rays rather than solar radiation. And the risk increases dramatically as your route goes through higher (magnetic) latitudes.
The real victims of these devices will be the TSA agents,
IF there is a significant risk (not implausible, but not as yet established) AND IF there is a more-or-less linear dose-response relationship (likely, but again not clearly established for low doses), then you'd expect to see the effects first in people with the highest doses. Which are likely to be the people managing the scanner.
Didn't TFA say that there were FOIA requests out? So, if they're being resisted (except for issues of rendering the data not-personally-identifiable), then it's a safe assumption that the US government have something to hide.
Which would worry me if my employer hadn't already shit-canned BA flights for T5 and incompetence of baggage handling.
The medium-term stuff is what comes into play when considering new vs old rods - the more the rod has been used, the more medium-term stuff is there (up till it reaches steady state - it's being produced as fast as it decays)
... which would be of the order of the half-life of the product involved.
So, if iodine-131 (? on the isotope mass) with a half-life of 30-odd days were the main producer of heat, you'd anticipate thermal equilibrium after a month or two, but if it's caesium-137 that's the problem, it'll take around 50 years to equilibrate.
While the mean temperature of the planet was (probably, on average) hotter in the mid-Cretaceous compared to today, there is also substantial evidence of dinosaurs over-wintering in the polar regions and having to struggle behaviourally to succeed in doing it. Burrowing (for small dinosaurs, where the thermoregulation problems would have been most severe) is fairly well established ; communal nesting (as per the modern Antarctic dinosaurs (footnote)) is fiarly well supported ; migration is a near certainty.
The polar regions of the Cretaceous would have been challenging for the humanoids of a million years ago to survive. Which is probably why humanoids didn't appear to settle and navigate in the modern Arctic until around 11-15 kyr ago.
Of course modern procedures are far more efficient and effective.
Allegedly.
But, before you flag me as a NASA-denier, I'll add that more modern procedures have been extensively tested and quantified ; no doubt blank samples have been put through the sterilisation mill along with other demonstrations of efficacy. When the last round of Mars landers were built, they'd have had accompanying packages of microbes go through the processes with them (and then be cultured - to see if they survived). All of which costs money and takes time.
The degree to which modern procedures are better and more effective can be much better quantified, and is much better documented. So if we later find (2020, say) PRNA-based organisms on Mars, but find that Earthly PRNA-based organisms (discovered in 2016) are all killed by the processes used on the current crop of Mars rovers (launched in 2013), then we can quantify our confidence that the (putative) detection of PRNA-based Martian organisms are of Martian origin, not Earthly contamination.
If you use it in any commercial way or in any manner that is shown to the public, yes.
So, if I use your photo of... a flange sprocket... for my manual on generic flange-sprocketery which is most emphatically only distributed to card-carrying members of the Outer Mongolia Society of Flange Sprocketeers, who have to use their blood sample and DRM equipment to read the manual (this is definitely NOT "the public", in any way, shape or form), then my commercial use of your photo in an non-public manner is perfectly OK.
Well, that's how I parse what you wrote.
BTW, which jurisdiction are you referring to? Yours, mine, or America's?
Executive decision (i.e., It's my money and I decide) : after a decade of using multiple Nokia phones, the next one will be a non-Windows one. If Nokia wish to include themselves out, that's Nokia's choice. Goodbye Nokia, and don't let the door slap you on the arse as you leave.
Now plug it into your car, 12-16 volts unregulated.
... with spikes to 30 or 40 or 100V, as other gear switches on and off.
Car power supplies are dirty. Really dirty.
It's not difficult to clean them, but you need to include shunts in both directions, over-volt protection (in both directions) and lots of other protection. Not difficult, but not trivial either.
Mains is a lot, lot cleaner. Even pretty dirty mains.
Ever seen an AC voltage regulator blow it's guts? Not a pretty sight. Wonder why we had an AC voltage regulator AND a spare on site? That's dirty power. Nearest mains power supply was a kilometre off-site, and would require the permission of 5 land owners to run a cable, and would have given us about 25V AC by the time it got to us. Would have taken months, for a 3-week job. We were considering a dedicated diesel generator for our equipment and let the rest of the service companies talk to our management about plugging in.
Slashdot Mirror
Because the name is somewhat of a misnomer.
When the REEs were starting to be discovered in the 18-teens IIRC, they were certainly much rarer than the "common" earths such as iron ores, calcium carbonate (limestone) and quartz (silicon dioxide), and rarer than some less common earths such as copper ores. So "rare earth elements", REEs, didn't seem to be such a strange name. However, as analytical techniques improved (incidentally resulting in the discovery that there were many more REEs than originally thought, this being mostly before the development of the periodic table), some considerably rarer metals were discovered.
Unfortunately, by then the terminology had stuck.
If you don't like the terminology, call them the lanthanides instead.
Incidentally the term "earths" refers to naturally occurring oxides and hydroxyoxides of metals.
Yay!
You're revealing more about your interests than you maybe want to admit.
There's only one comment on the source website (and I'm not minded to sign up to the site to comment there) :
lazyreader says:
Would that be so much of a problem in drought prone areas?
Which is a perfectly good question, but begs the follow-up question of "what about the marginal or drought-prone areas downwind of your seeded area, where your seeding accidentally or deliberately wrings the water out of the clouds, so these areas get tipped into full-blown drought?"
I'm also somewhat minded of the climate research done in mid-September 2011, which showed that the US is probably cooled by around 1deg C (1 K) by it's normal shroud of contrails. (Travis, D.J.; A. Carleton and R.G. Lauritsen (8 2002). "Contrails reduce daily temperature range". Nature 418 (6898): 601. doi:10.1038/418601a. PMID 12167846.)
That's about a 350 mile each way trip to the Shetlands for work. But there are also commercial (if subsidized) air ferries in the area that use prop craft. And in some cases, don't even have runways, but land on the beach.
I'd be fairly surprised if there weren't other remote and/ or thinly settled regions where prop craft are still dominant.
I would have thought that Dunblane or Whitehaven or Hungerford would be better comparisons with Houston than Wakefield or Blackburn. On grounds of the count of gun-toting maniacs.
You've forgotten which sock-puppet account you're posting from, Taco. Now get off MY lawn!
Wow, that would explain the hundreds of oil industry geologists in this town who are quitting their under-paid jobs hunting for and producing the black stuff, and are flocking to join the likes of Greenpeace.
Two more inconvenient facts for you
But it's Northern Ireland. There have been sufficient scandals in the recent past of local judges, police officers, politicians etc. using the local child care homes as boy-buggering brothels (not the best of alliterations, I know) so the boy would know pretty clearly how he'd lose his virginity.
Are you using the traditional British-royal 'we', the Sino-Russian 'we', or just the irrelevant American 'we'?
Maginot may have been right after all.
Hear that knocking at the front door? That's the NRA Thought Police coming round to take you away for thinking thoughts that don't involve shooting people who differ from you. Don't bother going out of the back door ; the FBI are there to convict you for your dope dealing, but they're in a race with the CIA who want to put your fingerprints onto your brand new copies of Das Kapital and Mein Kampf before "returning" them to your bookshelves.
You don't want to think about what the NIH are going to do ; just hope that you're dead before they get hold of you.
The important word in that clause is not the last one, it's the first one.
Wiped up that oral ejaculate for you.
Wot, Slashdot only allowing 3 levels of blockquote now? when did that happen? [scrubbing up mess on floor. ... Eyuchh, still sticky!]
Simple solution : get rid of the family.
Now get back to work!
Step 3b : Other VOIP systems rise to fill the place left vacant by Skype.
Actually, most of the radiation risk from flying comes from cosmic rays rather than solar radiation. And the risk increases dramatically as your route goes through higher (magnetic) latitudes.
IF there is a significant risk (not implausible, but not as yet established) AND IF there is a more-or-less linear dose-response relationship (likely, but again not clearly established for low doses), then you'd expect to see the effects first in people with the highest doses. Which are likely to be the people managing the scanner.
Didn't TFA say that there were FOIA requests out? So, if they're being resisted (except for issues of rendering the data not-personally-identifiable), then it's a safe assumption that the US government have something to hide.
Which would worry me if my employer hadn't already shit-canned BA flights for T5 and incompetence of baggage handling.
What are you? Some sort of grammar Nazi?
... which would be of the order of the half-life of the product involved.
So, if iodine-131 (? on the isotope mass) with a half-life of 30-odd days were the main producer of heat, you'd anticipate thermal equilibrium after a month or two, but if it's caesium-137 that's the problem, it'll take around 50 years to equilibrate.
Same maths, different chemistry : uranium thorium dating. http://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/ecol438/uthdating.html
Useful tool.
The polar regions of the Cretaceous would have been challenging for the humanoids of a million years ago to survive. Which is probably why humanoids didn't appear to settle and navigate in the modern Arctic until around 11-15 kyr ago.
Allegedly.
But, before you flag me as a NASA-denier, I'll add that more modern procedures have been extensively tested and quantified ; no doubt blank samples have been put through the sterilisation mill along with other demonstrations of efficacy. When the last round of Mars landers were built, they'd have had accompanying packages of microbes go through the processes with them (and then be cultured - to see if they survived). All of which costs money and takes time.
The degree to which modern procedures are better and more effective can be much better quantified, and is much better documented. So if we later find (2020, say) PRNA-based organisms on Mars, but find that Earthly PRNA-based organisms (discovered in 2016) are all killed by the processes used on the current crop of Mars rovers (launched in 2013), then we can quantify our confidence that the (putative) detection of PRNA-based Martian organisms are of Martian origin, not Earthly contamination.
Sorry, subtle point. But important.
So, if I use your photo of ... a flange sprocket ... for my manual on generic flange-sprocketery which is most emphatically only distributed to card-carrying members of the Outer Mongolia Society of Flange Sprocketeers, who have to use their blood sample and DRM equipment to read the manual (this is definitely NOT "the public", in any way, shape or form), then my commercial use of your photo in an non-public manner is perfectly OK.
Well, that's how I parse what you wrote.
BTW, which jurisdiction are you referring to? Yours, mine, or America's?
Executive decision (i.e., It's my money and I decide) : after a decade of using multiple Nokia phones, the next one will be a non-Windows one. If Nokia wish to include themselves out, that's Nokia's choice. Goodbye Nokia, and don't let the door slap you on the arse as you leave.
... assuming that you can see them past the lardy arses of the lard-arses.
... with spikes to 30 or 40 or 100V, as other gear switches on and off.
Car power supplies are dirty. Really dirty.
It's not difficult to clean them, but you need to include shunts in both directions, over-volt protection (in both directions) and lots of other protection. Not difficult, but not trivial either.
Mains is a lot, lot cleaner. Even pretty dirty mains.
Ever seen an AC voltage regulator blow it's guts? Not a pretty sight. Wonder why we had an AC voltage regulator AND a spare on site? That's dirty power. Nearest mains power supply was a kilometre off-site, and would require the permission of 5 land owners to run a cable, and would have given us about 25V AC by the time it got to us. Would have taken months, for a 3-week job. We were considering a dedicated diesel generator for our equipment and let the rest of the service companies talk to our management about plugging in.