If you must know: The whole VLT project has cost about EUR 500 millions within the 15 years of construction. Source: the german entry for the whole Paranal Observatory, of which VLT is a part of.
Not necessarily. Bejing for instance is pretty old, but very North-South/East-West oriented. The rectangular grid was laid out in the 13th century under the rule of Kublai Khan. With Madrid or London, you have a grid of large streets running North-South and East-West, and then lots of small streets in all directions. Rome has the famous seven hills and the Tiber river, which dominate the grid, and thus the streets go in every direction.
What you can see is the difference between a town developing out of an agglomeration of houses and settlements, and a planned community. Many U.S. cities fall in the later category, but so do Roman colonias from 2000 years ago, Middle Age towns in Central Europe or large Asian cities. If cities grow, it may even happen that a rectangular grid downtown loses its dominance in the suburbs, as they are former separate towns and villages merged with the larger town, or that vice versa an old core of irregular streets gets surounded by large, planned suburban communities, which cause the North-South/East-West grid to dominate the statistics.
Apparently, it is hogwash, paid for by the big oil companies. Did you ever consider that?
First: The greenhouse effect itself and the contributing gasses are long known, at least for 120 years, when Svante Arrhenius first published about it. For astronomers, especially for planetologists, the greenhouse effect on other planets and their moons is an interesting field of research since the 1970ies, when the first probes were sent to Venus and Mars (spoiler: both of them have one, several hundreds of Kelvin on Venus, about 20 Kelvin on Mars). A back-of-the-envelope calculation for the Earth gives a good estimate for the size of the greenhouse effect here: We know, that each square meter on the orbit of the Earth gets about 1.4 kW from the Sun, the so called Solar constant. With the diameter of the Earth given (a little more than 12,700 km), we can calculate that the Sun delivers about 180 Exawatt of thermal power to the Earth. If the Earth would just absorb the whole energy, heat up and then radiate all power to space like a black body, it would be about 255 K warm (Stefan-Boltzmann law), quite close to 0 F. But on average, the earth's surface is about 290 K warm. So we can estimate that the Earth's atmosphere has a greenhouse effect of about 35 K.
Everyone denying the existance of a greenhouse effect on Earth or the idea that carbon dioxide plays a role needs good arguments.
Second: The composition of Earth's atmosphere has interested the scientists since Joseph Priestley at the end of the 18th century discovered that air is not a single element, but a mixture of several gasses. At the end of the 19th century, the composition of Earth's atmosphere contained about 270 ppm of carbon dioxide, as we can find out if we look for instance into Anatole Leduc, Nouvelles Recherches sur les Gaz, published in 1899 or other contemporary sources. Current readings of the carbon dioxide content of the air give about 410 ppm (e.g. The Keeling Curve). We can calculate how much additional carbon dioxide has to be released to increase the carbon dioxide contents of the atmosphere by 140 ppm (700 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide), and how much carbon you have to burn to create that much carbon dioxide (200 billion metric tons). And if we look up how much coal and crude oil was mined and pumped up since 1900, and how much pure carbon they contain, we come up with an estimate of about 350 billion metric tons of oil and coal, containing about 270 billion metric tons of carbon.
Everyone denying that those amounts of coal and oil mined, pumped and for a large part burned have something to do with the increase of the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has to come up with really good arguments.
While this might be right, there is at least as much interest in getting really good climate prediction (agricultural resource planning) and badmouthing the idea that putting additional carbon dioxide, methane and vapor in the air might have adversarial long term effects (everyone getting a profit from doing so).
And if we compare the total revenue of enterprises concerned with agriculture, of enterprises concerned with extracting and burning fossil carbon compounds and enterprises selling alternative energy sources, we come to a point that for the last 30 years, enterprises extracting and burning fossil carbon dwarfed everyone else with their economic power (the global revenue just from selling crude oil in 2017 for instance was about US$ 240 trillions).
So if you really consider the possibility that much in climate science is paid for by vested interests, I wonder why it should be that it systematically errs detrimetrically to the interests of the biggest and most powerful bidder on the bribe market.
It was not just about turning platform providers into preemptive Copyright cops. There was a second provision: the Ancillary Copyright for press publishers. Similar laws were tried in several EU countries (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Germany), with not much success, as the belgian law is withdrawn, the german version is still enforced, but for EUR 3 million in ligitation cost, it made so far around EUR 20,000 for press editors, and the spanish version caused Google News to no longer listing any spanish publications.
It was always argued that the large U.S. based internet companies like Google and Facebook would profit from being able to list snippeds of online press articles in their search results, news aggregations and timelines, and thus they should pay the press publishers for the priviledge to get those snippets. As it turned out, the true priviledge was for the press publishers to be listed, because as soon as Google delisted press publishers demanding payments according to the Ancillary Copyright, their traffic numbers plummeted. So Belgium withdrew the law, and in Germany, all press publishers gave Google a free license (and with lawsuits managed to drive all competing news aggregators out of business).
Now they attempt the same in the whole EU, hoping to get a critical mass large enough to get Google to agree into payments for the little snippets.
Actually, the algorithms are pretty dumb. Just recently, I was discussing wooden panels for redecoration with someone, and now I see exactly the wooden panels I was looking for online to check for prices, in the ads. So either my profile with the analytics machines is quite thin so every thing I do online totally changes it, or the analytics machine is just throwing more of the same on me until I look for something else.
Sovereign nations aren't even obliged to allow their own citizens in. And if some other country is claiming that indeed, they are obliged to, sovereign nations can just cancel the citizenship of whoever they want. Some nations actually have some wording in their constitution that they won't do so if the citizenship they are cancelling is the last one the person has, but alas -- even constitutions can be amended if national security requires ist.
There is as much of a free market as there is of pure vacuum. The free market is a valuable tool to explain many things in economy. But in reality, there is no such thing as a free market, and there never will be, because no one of us has instant complete information and the ability to decide only on the information given. We constantly have to make shortcuts in our decisions because we have only limited information and only limited time to decide, and thus all our decisions are made under duress, running afoul the very idea of a free market. Sometimes, it would be nice if the free market zealots would at least know about Buridan's ass or Laplace's demon to understand some of the general limits to a free market.
The only thing we can do is create a very good model of a free market by setting up rules and limits to its scope and to the agents acting within the market. And if we get the design right, we will indeed get a vibrant market conforming quite well to the predictions of the economic theory, and actually coming close to the optimum in price determination and product evolution. But like a real market, it only works if in general, everyone agrees and adheres to the rules set for everyone. But like a real market, if someone is out to destroy the free market for instance by poisoning some of the offerings or by just conquering and plundering the market with his gang of thugs, there is not much you can do except for raising the walls around the market and increase oversight and control, which adds costs to do business on the market, also known as fees and taxes.
Just because the market share of Alexa went down doesn't mean the absolute numbers of Alexa devices are down. There are now even more devices spying, but not from Amazon, and they are dwarfing Amazon's numbers.
Too low for what? If you are defining a "right" birth rate, you first have to argue why you think this is right.
Apparently, birth rates shrink if two factors come together: 1) Child mortality rates sink so you can expect with high probability that your own children will grow up. 2) You don't have to rely solely on your own family members if you reach a high age.
Birth rates shrink everywhere, also in so called Third World countries. The only places that see high birthrates right now are country with very long civil wars going on, like Afghanistan or Congo, both which have civil wars which date back to the 1970ies.
If you want high birth rates back, it's easy: Destroy any pension schemes and cut all medical support to pregnant woman and young children.
Devil's advocate says that if you arrest every 10th person you meet, you will probably advert a lot of crimes, if you just do it often enough. 99.99% of the people you arrest won't be on their way to a crime though.
Actually, people without dementia don't have the virus. And this is the significance we are talking about. And usually the infection with HHV6 or HHV7 happens in early childhood, known as roseola infantum (Sixth disease).
There is a big difference between seeing a problem and accepting a solution. Yes, I can see that we have a dry spell this Spring. No, I don't accept the solution of sacrifying a goat.
This is about the Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7). It has nothing to do with Herpes zoster (HHV3) known for chickenpox and shingles, and with Herpes simplex (HHV1, HHV2), which cause oral and genital herpes.
Equinox and solstice days are easy to find, as we know from the Nebra disk and Goseck and similar star observatories. All you need is enough time (e.g. a year).
You choose a fixed place and mark the point on the horizon the sun appears each morning (and maybe the point it goes down). The most northward point is the point the sun goes up on summer solstice, the most southward point is the one it goes up on winter solstice. Half the distance between the two points are the equinoxes.
The people around Goseck built their observatory about 5000 BC, the Nebra disk was forget around 1600 BC, about the same time a Stonehenge. In some way, Goseck was a wooden predecessor to Stonehenge, and the Nebra disk was the pocket version of Stonehenge.
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That's like saying that because we had that big flood costing hundred of lives, it's necessary that everyone wears seatbelts!
If you must know: The whole VLT project has cost about EUR 500 millions within the 15 years of construction. Source: the german entry for the whole Paranal Observatory, of which VLT is a part of.
What you can see is the difference between a town developing out of an agglomeration of houses and settlements, and a planned community. Many U.S. cities fall in the later category, but so do Roman colonias from 2000 years ago, Middle Age towns in Central Europe or large Asian cities. If cities grow, it may even happen that a rectangular grid downtown loses its dominance in the suburbs, as they are former separate towns and villages merged with the larger town, or that vice versa an old core of irregular streets gets surounded by large, planned suburban communities, which cause the North-South/East-West grid to dominate the statistics.
Technically, anecdotes are data with a large selection bias.
First: The greenhouse effect itself and the contributing gasses are long known, at least for 120 years, when Svante Arrhenius first published about it. For astronomers, especially for planetologists, the greenhouse effect on other planets and their moons is an interesting field of research since the 1970ies, when the first probes were sent to Venus and Mars (spoiler: both of them have one, several hundreds of Kelvin on Venus, about 20 Kelvin on Mars). A back-of-the-envelope calculation for the Earth gives a good estimate for the size of the greenhouse effect here: We know, that each square meter on the orbit of the Earth gets about 1.4 kW from the Sun, the so called Solar constant. With the diameter of the Earth given (a little more than 12,700 km), we can calculate that the Sun delivers about 180 Exawatt of thermal power to the Earth. If the Earth would just absorb the whole energy, heat up and then radiate all power to space like a black body, it would be about 255 K warm (Stefan-Boltzmann law), quite close to 0 F. But on average, the earth's surface is about 290 K warm. So we can estimate that the Earth's atmosphere has a greenhouse effect of about 35 K.
Everyone denying the existance of a greenhouse effect on Earth or the idea that carbon dioxide plays a role needs good arguments.
Second: The composition of Earth's atmosphere has interested the scientists since Joseph Priestley at the end of the 18th century discovered that air is not a single element, but a mixture of several gasses. At the end of the 19th century, the composition of Earth's atmosphere contained about 270 ppm of carbon dioxide, as we can find out if we look for instance into Anatole Leduc, Nouvelles Recherches sur les Gaz, published in 1899 or other contemporary sources. Current readings of the carbon dioxide content of the air give about 410 ppm (e.g. The Keeling Curve). We can calculate how much additional carbon dioxide has to be released to increase the carbon dioxide contents of the atmosphere by 140 ppm (700 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide), and how much carbon you have to burn to create that much carbon dioxide (200 billion metric tons). And if we look up how much coal and crude oil was mined and pumped up since 1900, and how much pure carbon they contain, we come up with an estimate of about 350 billion metric tons of oil and coal, containing about 270 billion metric tons of carbon.
Everyone denying that those amounts of coal and oil mined, pumped and for a large part burned have something to do with the increase of the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has to come up with really good arguments.
And if we compare the total revenue of enterprises concerned with agriculture, of enterprises concerned with extracting and burning fossil carbon compounds and enterprises selling alternative energy sources, we come to a point that for the last 30 years, enterprises extracting and burning fossil carbon dwarfed everyone else with their economic power (the global revenue just from selling crude oil in 2017 for instance was about US$ 240 trillions).
So if you really consider the possibility that much in climate science is paid for by vested interests, I wonder why it should be that it systematically errs detrimetrically to the interests of the biggest and most powerful bidder on the bribe market.
It was always argued that the large U.S. based internet companies like Google and Facebook would profit from being able to list snippeds of online press articles in their search results, news aggregations and timelines, and thus they should pay the press publishers for the priviledge to get those snippets. As it turned out, the true priviledge was for the press publishers to be listed, because as soon as Google delisted press publishers demanding payments according to the Ancillary Copyright, their traffic numbers plummeted. So Belgium withdrew the law, and in Germany, all press publishers gave Google a free license (and with lawsuits managed to drive all competing news aggregators out of business).
Now they attempt the same in the whole EU, hoping to get a critical mass large enough to get Google to agree into payments for the little snippets.
Actually, the algorithms are pretty dumb. Just recently, I was discussing wooden panels for redecoration with someone, and now I see exactly the wooden panels I was looking for online to check for prices, in the ads. So either my profile with the analytics machines is quite thin so every thing I do online totally changes it, or the analytics machine is just throwing more of the same on me until I look for something else.
Sovereign nations aren't even obliged to allow their own citizens in. And if some other country is claiming that indeed, they are obliged to, sovereign nations can just cancel the citizenship of whoever they want. Some nations actually have some wording in their constitution that they won't do so if the citizenship they are cancelling is the last one the person has, but alas -- even constitutions can be amended if national security requires ist.
The only thing we can do is create a very good model of a free market by setting up rules and limits to its scope and to the agents acting within the market. And if we get the design right, we will indeed get a vibrant market conforming quite well to the predictions of the economic theory, and actually coming close to the optimum in price determination and product evolution. But like a real market, it only works if in general, everyone agrees and adheres to the rules set for everyone. But like a real market, if someone is out to destroy the free market for instance by poisoning some of the offerings or by just conquering and plundering the market with his gang of thugs, there is not much you can do except for raising the walls around the market and increase oversight and control, which adds costs to do business on the market, also known as fees and taxes.
Just because the market share of Alexa went down doesn't mean the absolute numbers of Alexa devices are down. There are now even more devices spying, but not from Amazon, and they are dwarfing Amazon's numbers.
And why would we need to sustain a population? This is no value per se. And if we want less pensions, people have to work longer until retirement.
Apparently, birth rates shrink if two factors come together: 1) Child mortality rates sink so you can expect with high probability that your own children will grow up. 2) You don't have to rely solely on your own family members if you reach a high age.
Birth rates shrink everywhere, also in so called Third World countries. The only places that see high birthrates right now are country with very long civil wars going on, like Afghanistan or Congo, both which have civil wars which date back to the 1970ies.
If you want high birth rates back, it's easy: Destroy any pension schemes and cut all medical support to pregnant woman and young children.
How many ROM changes will the socket survive? And how many people will void the warranty by opening the case and switch the ROM?
How do you patch an OS in ROM, after someone found a way to remotely activate your ROM OS and has free reign over your computer?
This is what we call a false dichotomy.
But they don't commit crimes all the time.
Devil's advocate says that if you arrest every 10th person you meet, you will probably advert a lot of crimes, if you just do it often enough. 99.99% of the people you arrest won't be on their way to a crime though.
Apparently they know that, tried to improve the AI, train it to make better distinctions, and still failed.
Nobody ever wrote a network scanner which just looped over all IP addresses. Can't happen. Was never done.
I didn't. The previous poster did.
Actually, people without dementia don't have the virus. And this is the significance we are talking about. And usually the infection with HHV6 or HHV7 happens in early childhood, known as roseola infantum (Sixth disease).
There is a big difference between seeing a problem and accepting a solution. Yes, I can see that we have a dry spell this Spring. No, I don't accept the solution of sacrifying a goat.
This is about the Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7). It has nothing to do with Herpes zoster (HHV3) known for chickenpox and shingles, and with Herpes simplex (HHV1, HHV2), which cause oral and genital herpes.
You choose a fixed place and mark the point on the horizon the sun appears each morning (and maybe the point it goes down). The most northward point is the point the sun goes up on summer solstice, the most southward point is the one it goes up on winter solstice. Half the distance between the two points are the equinoxes. The people around Goseck built their observatory about 5000 BC, the Nebra disk was forget around 1600 BC, about the same time a Stonehenge. In some way, Goseck was a wooden predecessor to Stonehenge, and the Nebra disk was the pocket version of Stonehenge.