are uploaded to a phone company server and a link is sent to the recipient's phone, which then downloads the picture. So the content is by default stored on the company's server.
Ironically, he's from Australia and I'm from the UK. 15000 miles was pretty much dead on for the US. A little research (took more effort to find UK figures) shows it's 252 miles per person per year by car [PDF, page 7]. I'm very surprised by how low that is.
Theres 24 985 000 cars driven 393 billion km, so that equals 9776 miles per car per year.
Diesel engines are quite a lot more expensive than petrol already, so that's probably one reason. Also, in the European market, high efficiency diesels are popular and hybrid cars rare, with the opposite being the case in the US market, so in both places, there's an unproven element to a car which would cost significantly more than the (relatively) proven alternatives.
The advantages to electric transmission in rail applications are much more clear cut, with the power required for acceleration being a greater multiple of cruising power than is the case with road traffic, particularly cars which have quite a high ratio of frontal area (aerodynamic drag) to mass compared to trucks and trains.
Fair point. I drive about 1000 miles per year, fly about 2500 miles per year (with high variance), am a car passenger for about 1500 miles per year, and take the train for about 4000 miles per year. My bike mileage over the past 10 years has varied between about 500 and 4000 miles per year. The figure of 15000 miles per year was an average figure per American I picked up without citation. The figures from North American Transportation Statistics give a total of 6981 billion passenger km travelled in personal vehicles in 2002. For a population of 293 million (CIA world factbook 2004) that gives 23825 km per person per year, or 14891 miles per person. There are 225,936,138 personal vehicles (ibid, different table) (of which c. 130 million are cars and 90 million are light trucks), which travelled 4,241 billion km, or about 11728 miles per vehicle per year, so my figures for mileage per vehicle a a little high, but not drastically so. My figures for personal mileage were right, though. I just didn't figure it'd be that different from vehicle mileage.
As for the amount of energy to dispose of a car, my previous citation says
In all cases, they [MacLean and Lave] chose not to analyze environmental impacts from the recycling and disposal stage, because they agreed with earlier studies indicating that the environmental impacts of manufacture and use greatly outweighed those of disposal. They based their analysis on a 1990 Ford Taurus, assuming a vehicle lifetime of approximately 14 years and a fuel efficiency of 21.8 mpg.
The 120 GJ for manufacture includes all manufacturing costs. I'd say that implictly includes delivery to the customer. In the case of the 800kg car I drive most frequently, it was shipped by sea about 8 or 10 000 miles and then delivered by vehicle transporter about 200 miles. I'd say that's pretty negligible (sea transport uses orders of magnitude less energy per mile than road transport).
I stand by my original observation that it's wrong to say that it costs more energy to replace a light truck with a hybrid car than it saves in using a hybrid car, but would still point out that that seems to me to be a straw man. In terms of actual choice when replacing a vehicle, then from an energy efficiency point of view, the hybrid wins. Whether it wins as compared to a high efficiency diesel is a moot point. As 9 million cars are replaced each year, along with 8 million trucks (SUVs & minivans are counted in this category), it seems that concentrating on halving the energy emissions of approximately 1/13th of the fleet would make a significant impact, along with encouraging end of life cars to be taken out of the economy slightly faster. When you consider that new cars are likely to be driven much higher mileages, then the figures look better still.
In short, it's not a magic bullet, but it's a good start.
It takes about 120GJ to manufacture a car (Source). Petrol/gasoline contains 34MJ per litre (Source) That equals 130MJ/US gallon, so it takes just under 1000 gallons of fuel to make the average car.
The average US car drives 15000 miles per year, so, an SUV which gets 20 MPG would use 750 gallons of fuel per year. The Prius at 55 MPG would use 272 gallons a year, so it would take pretty much exactly 2 years or 30000 miles to save the entire manufacturing energy cost of the car, even with your unlikely assumption that the Prius was replacing a perfectly good vehicle that was being scrapped just to save energy. Replace a car which gets 35 MPG, it would take 6 years/90 000 miles to make a net energy advantage, which is still within its working lifetime, and obviously assumes that the car it replaces would last 6 years longer than it does.
Re:Seriously... Why would you use this?
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GIMP 2.2 Released
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Of course, it's perfectly possible the open source movement wouldn't have existed. Or we'd still be waiting for the HURD, or developing device drivers for EMACS, or something.
Interesting. Peter Pan is in perpetual copyright to Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital in the UK as part of the specific provisions of the act, but JM Barrie died in 1937, so under author copyright, it would be in copyright, AIUI, but as it was written in 1904, it would be out of corporate copyright, so the case isn't cut and dried.
I find it hard to believe that it's often safer to speed up than to brake and abort the overtaking manoveur in such circumstances, whichever way you look at it.
Au contraire, the system can tell reliably whether you noticed the object in the way, unlike a police officer who can just guess what you were looking at.
4-5% extra fuel? Last I knew, headlamps were 55W (input) each. If you've got a car which runs at 2kW, please tell me. Or if your alternator runs at less than about 60% efficiency, then get it fixed.
Good point. So at what speed does a modern car have a braking distance of 14m (3 car lengths), then? Why separate licence for motorways when they're by far the safest roads. How does lights on at all times improve safety outside of a heavily forested country where light is in short supply in winter and not as bright as expected in summer evenings where dark cars are preferred (I assume Sweden was your reference point for this)? Predicting dangers is part of the driving test. UK government stopping distances are based on a Mk 1 Ford Cortina or similar.
And if you're actually worried about losing your licence when a head on collision's on the cards, your priorities are very wrong. Why so important to overtake anyway. Seeing as you're talking about the UK, it's not as if you've far to go on your single carriageway road. And they are by far the most dangerous roads by quite some margin.
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are uploaded to a phone company server and a link is sent to the recipient's phone, which then downloads the picture. So the content is by default stored on the company's server.
Well, perhaps it's the right of the Spanish to prepare anti-terrorist contingencies for their islands, not the US's
Obviously, as e is a natural unit for dollars, unlike 10.
Oops, cursor switched just before posting and deleted key letter. That's 5252 miles per person per year.
Theres 24 985 000 cars driven 393 billion km, so that equals 9776 miles per car per year.
The advantages to electric transmission in rail applications are much more clear cut, with the power required for acceleration being a greater multiple of cruising power than is the case with road traffic, particularly cars which have quite a high ratio of frontal area (aerodynamic drag) to mass compared to trucks and trains.
As for the amount of energy to dispose of a car, my previous citation says
The 120 GJ for manufacture includes all manufacturing costs. I'd say that implictly includes delivery to the customer. In the case of the 800kg car I drive most frequently, it was shipped by sea about 8 or 10 000 miles and then delivered by vehicle transporter about 200 miles. I'd say that's pretty negligible (sea transport uses orders of magnitude less energy per mile than road transport).I stand by my original observation that it's wrong to say that it costs more energy to replace a light truck with a hybrid car than it saves in using a hybrid car, but would still point out that that seems to me to be a straw man. In terms of actual choice when replacing a vehicle, then from an energy efficiency point of view, the hybrid wins. Whether it wins as compared to a high efficiency diesel is a moot point. As 9 million cars are replaced each year, along with 8 million trucks (SUVs & minivans are counted in this category), it seems that concentrating on halving the energy emissions of approximately 1/13th of the fleet would make a significant impact, along with encouraging end of life cars to be taken out of the economy slightly faster. When you consider that new cars are likely to be driven much higher mileages, then the figures look better still.
In short, it's not a magic bullet, but it's a good start.
The average US car drives 15000 miles per year, so, an SUV which gets 20 MPG would use 750 gallons of fuel per year. The Prius at 55 MPG would use 272 gallons a year, so it would take pretty much exactly 2 years or 30000 miles to save the entire manufacturing energy cost of the car, even with your unlikely assumption that the Prius was replacing a perfectly good vehicle that was being scrapped just to save energy. Replace a car which gets 35 MPG, it would take 6 years/90 000 miles to make a net energy advantage, which is still within its working lifetime, and obviously assumes that the car it replaces would last 6 years longer than it does.
But given that he doesn't live in the US, why would he talk about prices there?
to do the 2004 edition of the quiz.
Of course, it's perfectly possible the open source movement wouldn't have existed. Or we'd still be waiting for the HURD, or developing device drivers for EMACS, or something.
Fair point. I see you don't like NiMH batteries. Fortunately this car uses Lithium Ion ones.
Interesting. Peter Pan is in perpetual copyright to Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital in the UK as part of the specific provisions of the act, but JM Barrie died in 1937, so under author copyright, it would be in copyright, AIUI, but as it was written in 1904, it would be out of corporate copyright, so the case isn't cut and dried.
well, is it 14% of household spending that goes on motor transport? So it's not a great leap to up the R&D spend and make it happen
I find it hard to believe that it's often safer to speed up than to brake and abort the overtaking manoveur in such circumstances, whichever way you look at it.
Because you don't know if the road's empty. And if you crash, lives have to be risked to get the ambulance there.
Well, actually, Citroën is pronounced sit-row-en (row as in "row your boat" not "have a row"), but the UK usage is normally sit-run
Au contraire, the system can tell reliably whether you noticed the object in the way, unlike a police officer who can just guess what you were looking at.
4-5% extra fuel? Last I knew, headlamps were 55W (input) each. If you've got a car which runs at 2kW, please tell me. Or if your alternator runs at less than about 60% efficiency, then get it fixed.
Well, in the UK, Driving Without Due Care and Attentions (DWDCA) is an offence. I assume a similar law exists in most other countries.
And if you're actually worried about losing your licence when a head on collision's on the cards, your priorities are very wrong. Why so important to overtake anyway. Seeing as you're talking about the UK, it's not as if you've far to go on your single carriageway road. And they are by far the most dangerous roads by quite some margin.
Well, driving safely except for the fact that you were overtaking where there wasn't enough room.
Well, there's a 250MW tidal power plant in Normandy (France) but apart from that, there's no harvesting of the Earth's kinetic energy.
Good point. I'm sure there's no tourists causing all these problems in the first place.
Truly. It's not as if patents are secret. They should give you the Patent number and then if there's any case at all, you can answer it.