Serious question here.... I thought bitcoin was pretty anonymous when all is said and done, so how would they know which wallets belonged to Americans as opposed to people from other countries?
Coinbase requires your personal information top open an account with them. Even if you use a foreign address the IRS can still lookup your name and birthdate in the Social Security database. The purpose of an exchange is to be able to convert bitcoin to other currencies and vice-versa and unless you are handing someone cash for the transfer of bitcoins, there will always be a identifiable record of a electronic transaction going through bank accounts or credits cards. Security (or anonymity) is only as good as its weakest link
This will go along nicely with my Amazon Echo, which is very popular. Everyone has one and they are very useful. You should get one too. Right now the Amazon Echo is on Sale at amazon.com. Get it now! You will be glad you did.
Someone bought me one as a present last Christmas. After a few weeks of frustration at the far-from perfect voice recognition and limited capabilities I just gave up on it. Now the only time it gets any use is when it gets confused and gets activated by the TV. Jeez I just realized the Amazon Cloud has been analyzing all my living-room conversations for the past year.That's frigging scary, I am gonna go unplug the damn thing right now
Isn't that going to be a bit of a battery drain issue? In order to do that, its going to have to constantly be running something in the background checking your GPS.
That being said, Google is already doing this on Android. I know this because I'm constantly getting maps notifications of how long it will take to drive to home/work, unasked. Still, I think it only does that twice a day, and this uber thing seems completely open-ended.
Go to Settings->Location->Google Location History and turn it off. In the event of an account hijacking, the attacker would know where you live, work, drop your kids to school and all kinds of other scary things
Emergency alerts can already be turned off on your phone. I don't need to be getting woken up at 3AM for flash flood warnings in a different watershed or missing children in a vehicle on a major interstate hours' drive away from my out-of-the-way little hometown, so I have them off already. If that means I don't get stupid fucking Trump tweets either, great.
Providers are not required to participate in (CMAS) but if they do they are not allowed to offer the option to disable Presidential alerts. So sorry, If President Trump wants to let you know "Sorry losers and haters, but my I.Q. is one of the highest -and you all know it! Please don't feel so stupid or insecure,it's not your fault", he can most certainly wake you up with a 2am CMAS
Hilter won in the German Federal elections is 1932, long before "Social Media." Whenever you have large and long-standing Economic Disruption in a society, Social Strife and Political Upheaval seem nearly inevitable
A nuclear plant would of course, supply energy when the sun goes down
Yes but that's a base load solution.
This solar plant is a peak load solution.
You need both.
Having a nuke idle all night is a very expensive waste.
Something will need to sit idle or at least underutlized to provide peak load on cloudy days or you will end up with Brownouts. The only true solution to this problem is Timzeone spanning Backbone Transmission lines. Of course those are hugely expensive and in Democracies very problematic to build even if the funds are available
The biggest campaigning error Clinton made was focusing too much on Trump's personal character and not enough countering the "outsiders took your jobs" angle that Trump used.
Automation is a bigger threat to blue-collar jobs than outsiders or allegedly bad trade deals, and her retraining plans were thus more rational.
In the end, people vote their pocket book more than candidate character. The election wasn't about pussy grabbing nor being dodgy with email, but job loss.
Trump made a powerful emotional appeal to turn back the clock, and Clinton needed to hammer home the message that those jobs are NOT coming back and that her retraining plans had a better chance helping jobs.
The "poorly educated" want villeins to rail against and quick easy fixes, not the cold hard truth and plans that require time and sacrifice. Trump gave them both with his blatant lies. The only way to beat Trump was to lie even more then him and its doubtful if that's even possible
Wow! Windows is making installing LINUX look easy!
You obviously haven't attempted a Linux Distribution install in a long time. Now-day's even Debian has a pretty straight-forward "click Next a bunch of times" Installer.
Not to mention that going from from Internal Combustion to Electric is as much of a change as going from Steam-powered to Internal Combustion. Other than the suspension system and perhaps breaking system there are few components with known reliability Tesla could get "off the shelf." Pretty much everything had to be designed in-house with failure modes that no-one could even imagine without hundreds of thousand of real-world miles to do modeling with. Tesla is not only designing brand new technology but going from a boutique luxury market to a mass market producer at the same time. Only time will tell if Tesla Motor's become as legendary as its namesake or if it fizzles out and becomes a Case Study on the dangers of being overly bold and ambitious
Most SSD manufacturers released firmware updates to address the issue.
No firmware update available for my SSD model that came out last year. Windows 10 was already installed on the hard drive before I got the SSD drives. I had no trouble migrating from HDD to SSD.
Try switching the SSD from AHCI to legacy IDE mode in the BIOS and see if the installer will accept it. No chance that the installer will see it as removable if its in IDE mode. If it works, before switching back to AHCI set HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\storahci\StartOverride
from 3 to 0, or the system might not boot
I found it funny that the Windows 10 Anniversary Update can't install on any of my systems at home because the updater thinks my SSD's are USB sticks and it won't install on USB sticks.
That's a problem with the firmware on SSD's that were released to work with the Windows 7 broken SSD support. SP1 fixed SSD support unfortunately the workaround used by the SSD manufacturers for pre SP1 made them appear as removable devices. Most SSD manufacturers released firmware updates to address the issue. I would check to see if there are firmware updates for yours even if you don't intend to upgrade to windows 10.
The facts seem to show that a higher minimum wage leads to less unemployment rather then the other way around
- no, there is no causality where you found it. Lower minimum wage means the price of labour is lower, we consume more of that, which is cheaper. There are too many other factors at play, major ones are that the unemployment didn't start with the service industry, it started with the most productive industries that moved out of the USA due to the cost of doing business.
USA is full of government workers, service sector workers, financial workers, health care workers and such, it has very few manufacturing jobs and it's losing more of them by the hour. Eventually this spreads to other jobs and the minimum wage does not help with the already non-functioning economy, which was destroyed by government induced inflation (money printing, borrowing at artificially low interest rates).
Again, the restaurants are losing business because people can no longer afford to eat out, there will be fewer and fewer even minimum wage jobs around, so raising the minimum wage at this point in the USA will simply speed up the coming economic collapse.
Don't pick one sentence out of an entire paragraph to respond to! The gist of my post is very clear. You have an example in Australia with a much higher minimum wage and a low unemployment rate. The economy is NOT a zero sum game it is foolish to oversimplify it. I don't know what the Microeconomics look like in Australia so I can't talk to you about the Restaurant business there but in Macroeconomic terms Australia has a much higher minimum wage and its near what economists call "full employment." According to your theory the much higher minimum wage should mean a very high unemployment rate and that's simply not the case.
He is riding a wave of anti-globalization sentiment, he has both houses of congress, Chinese factory wages have risen steadily, and most of you laughing now were probably laughing in the same way on November 7.
For crying out loud, use your imagination. This is one of the most concrete, attainable, and consistent things he's said.
Convincing the "Poorly Educated" to vote for you by promising that you will bring Manufacturing back to the U.S is a lot harder then convincing the Highly Educated (CEO's) to actually bring those Manufacturing plants back. For one those CEO's will actually want to see Plans and Details and the Trump campaign lacked either of those
I don't follow Australia economy much, so won't talk about it. With the restaurants scaling down and closing there will be way fewer jobs for grilling sandwiches but there will always be a few who will still do it at whatever the minimum wage of the time is and the top 1% will still be able to afford their services.
Minimum wage will put the people getting it out of jobs and the businesses will shut down too (or it will be the owners themselves grilling that cheese).
I am rather confused by your post. Officially the Australian unemployment rate is.8% higher then in the U.S . If you are indeed correct and the unemployment figure is double digits in the U.S, that means that Australia has half the unemployment rate of the U.S while having a minimum wage that is more then 2 times higher. The facts seem to show that a higher minimum wage leads to less unemployment rather then the other way around. This does make sense %70 of the GDP comes from the Consumer Economy. How is the Consumer Economy supposed to grow if %30 of the labor force is low-wage Service jobs that leaves families in need of Welfare assistance just to scrape by
No, it's the other way around. It's the corporate payroll that still keeps some people off of full welfare. Grilling a cheese sandwich is not the kind of a job that can or should pay whatever the insane minimum wage law dictates (7+ dollars an hour for grilling sandwiches? I think machines will do better).
You will find a human standing over a grill making Grilled Cheese sandwiches even in Australia where the minimum wage is US $17.70 an hour. The unemployment rate there is only.8% higher then in the U.S. Conservative orthodoxy that a livable minimum wage will lead to mass layoffs is just a ploy to protect Corporate profits on the Taxpayers dime
Q: How the hell do you screw up making a grilled cheese sandwich?
They don't have basic life skills and you expect to teach them logic? Sheldon says (and Mr Spock agrees) that is illogical. And we have a new generation of teachers who don't know much either, because they were also special snowflakes. They teach from the book because, like the burger cook, they can't do it if it isn't laid out step by step.
Pay someone minimum wage and then wonder why they don't give a damn if they serve your customers burned sandwiches while their minds are too busy trying to figure out how to pay the skyrocketing rent and college tuition on a salary that can't afford you either
You mean like a CDN?
ISP's have been playing games with content providers and backbone internet companies for years. Netflix offered to install a FREE CDN on all the ISP's networks that would have decreased their network traffic to the backbone by over 50% but they refused because they wanted Netflix to pay to get to their customers. Ultimately Netflix caved and paid the toll and raised their rates to compensate. Net Neutrality would make this type of extortion illegal. Right now AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, et al own the last mile AND competing VOD services. This is a complete conflict of interest.
Actually it was far more devious than simply refusing the CDN's. The ISP's were purposely not upgrading the Interconnects and Edge Routers connecting to Level 3 (a Tier 1 network) which provided the bandwidth to Netflix resulting in avoidable traffic congestion between large ISP customers and Netflix servers. Netflix actually went as far as offering to pay for the infrastructure upgrades but the ISP's wanted much more from Netflix than a couple of new Routers. Netflix eventually caved. Well this was back when Netflix actually had its own equipment in Data-Centers. Last year Netflix completed is move to AWS (Amazon Web Services). I don't know what kind of agreements AWS has with the large ISP's
The FTC only has the right to crack down on misleading marketing claims, and if the makers of homeopathic remedies clearly state that their products are based on no science, they can still sell them..
I can see it now; "Anecdotal evidence from scientific studies indicates the potential effectiveness of our remedy"
The homeopathic crowd is largely the Big pharma Conspiracy theory types. The snake-oil salesman are going to offer the fact that the FTC is after them as proof that their stuff works and Government is trying to shut them down to protect the pharmaceutical industry
What people suffering from Dementia really need is the option to decide to leave this world on their own terms while the disease still hasn't robbed them of the ability to make those type of decisions
Goebbels' propaganda machine was ultimately disbelieved by the German people based on the postwar US Strategic Bombing Survey's result. The majority of Germans had realized the war was lost shortly after Stalingrad, even though bombing and privation had not started to bite. People see right through the lying. A similar result here - people just don't believe the shit and aren't going to start believing it again without a wholesale teardown of the whole edifice and rebuilding, with a focus on ethics.
In Colorado, there's a town famous for having a frozen dead guy on hand. It's important to recognize what this is: a vain (and hopeless) bid for immortality.
How's that any different from Christian's asking for ecclesiastical rites and burial in consecrated grounds or Hindu's asking their remains be burned on the Holy Hindu river in a vain (and hopeless) bid for their version of immortality in the Afterlife
25 years to de-carbonize the Global Economy and we are wasting resources on rooftop panels.
What's your brilliant idea? What have you done that would do more to reduce the need for fossil fuels? Come on Mr. Snarky McCynic, dazzle us with your brilliant and feasible plan.
Frankly I can't think of a better way to reduce the need for carbon based fuels than to put solar panels and batteries on/in every building possible and switch to primarily electric cars. It's not the only think we can or should do but it's a vital piece of the puzzle.
Instead of wasting money subsidizing rooftop solar systems which are extremely expensive in term of kilowatt-hour we would be getting a much bigger bang for our buck subsidizing large utility-scale solar. For the same amount of money spent in subsidies we would get several times the energy production. Covering hills with solar panels might not be as attractive as a city roofed with solar panels but its a hack of a lot cheaper to do and far more efficent
Slashdot Mirror
Serious question here.... I thought bitcoin was pretty anonymous when all is said and done, so how would they know which wallets belonged to Americans as opposed to people from other countries?
Coinbase requires your personal information top open an account with them. Even if you use a foreign address the IRS can still lookup your name and birthdate in the Social Security database. The purpose of an exchange is to be able to convert bitcoin to other currencies and vice-versa and unless you are handing someone cash for the transfer of bitcoins, there will always be a identifiable record of a electronic transaction going through bank accounts or credits cards. Security (or anonymity) is only as good as its weakest link
This will go along nicely with my Amazon Echo, which is very popular. Everyone has one and they are very useful. You should get one too. Right now the Amazon Echo is on Sale at amazon.com. Get it now! You will be glad you did.
Someone bought me one as a present last Christmas. After a few weeks of frustration at the far-from perfect voice recognition and limited capabilities I just gave up on it. Now the only time it gets any use is when it gets confused and gets activated by the TV. Jeez I just realized the Amazon Cloud has been analyzing all my living-room conversations for the past year.That's frigging scary, I am gonna go unplug the damn thing right now
Isn't that going to be a bit of a battery drain issue? In order to do that, its going to have to constantly be running something in the background checking your GPS.
That being said, Google is already doing this on Android. I know this because I'm constantly getting maps notifications of how long it will take to drive to home/work, unasked. Still, I think it only does that twice a day, and this uber thing seems completely open-ended.
Go to Settings->Location->Google Location History and turn it off. In the event of an account hijacking, the attacker would know where you live, work, drop your kids to school and all kinds of other scary things
Emergency alerts can already be turned off on your phone. I don't need to be getting woken up at 3AM for flash flood warnings in a different watershed or missing children in a vehicle on a major interstate hours' drive away from my out-of-the-way little hometown, so I have them off already. If that means I don't get stupid fucking Trump tweets either, great.
Providers are not required to participate in (CMAS) but if they do they are not allowed to offer the option to disable Presidential alerts. So sorry, If President Trump wants to let you know "Sorry losers and haters, but my I.Q. is one of the highest -and you all know it! Please don't feel so stupid or insecure,it's not your fault", he can most certainly wake you up with a 2am CMAS
Trump will soon have the power and authority to launch a Preemptive Nuclear Strike and you are worried about the misuse of the WEA's Text Messages?!
Hilter won in the German Federal elections is 1932, long before "Social Media." Whenever you have large and long-standing Economic Disruption in a society, Social Strife and Political Upheaval seem nearly inevitable
Yes but that's a base load solution. This solar plant is a peak load solution. You need both. Having a nuke idle all night is a very expensive waste.
Something will need to sit idle or at least underutlized to provide peak load on cloudy days or you will end up with Brownouts. The only true solution to this problem is Timzeone spanning Backbone Transmission lines. Of course those are hugely expensive and in Democracies very problematic to build even if the funds are available
The biggest campaigning error Clinton made was focusing too much on Trump's personal character and not enough countering the "outsiders took your jobs" angle that Trump used.
Automation is a bigger threat to blue-collar jobs than outsiders or allegedly bad trade deals, and her retraining plans were thus more rational.
In the end, people vote their pocket book more than candidate character. The election wasn't about pussy grabbing nor being dodgy with email, but job loss.
Trump made a powerful emotional appeal to turn back the clock, and Clinton needed to hammer home the message that those jobs are NOT coming back and that her retraining plans had a better chance helping jobs.
The "poorly educated" want villeins to rail against and quick easy fixes, not the cold hard truth and plans that require time and sacrifice. Trump gave them both with his blatant lies. The only way to beat Trump was to lie even more then him and its doubtful if that's even possible
Wow! Windows is making installing LINUX look easy!
You obviously haven't attempted a Linux Distribution install in a long time. Now-day's even Debian has a pretty straight-forward "click Next a bunch of times" Installer.
Rest In Peace Ian Murdock
Not to mention that going from from Internal Combustion to Electric is as much of a change as going from Steam-powered to Internal Combustion. Other than the suspension system and perhaps breaking system there are few components with known reliability Tesla could get "off the shelf." Pretty much everything had to be designed in-house with failure modes that no-one could even imagine without hundreds of thousand of real-world miles to do modeling with. Tesla is not only designing brand new technology but going from a boutique luxury market to a mass market producer at the same time. Only time will tell if Tesla Motor's become as legendary as its namesake or if it fizzles out and becomes a Case Study on the dangers of being overly bold and ambitious
Every week there is at least one article in the news about a Lab "battery breakthrough." Wake me up when someone actually manufactures something.
Most SSD manufacturers released firmware updates to address the issue.
No firmware update available for my SSD model that came out last year. Windows 10 was already installed on the hard drive before I got the SSD drives. I had no trouble migrating from HDD to SSD.
Try switching the SSD from AHCI to legacy IDE mode in the BIOS and see if the installer will accept it. No chance that the installer will see it as removable if its in IDE mode. If it works, before switching back to AHCI set HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\storahci\StartOverride from 3 to 0, or the system might not boot
I found it funny that the Windows 10 Anniversary Update can't install on any of my systems at home because the updater thinks my SSD's are USB sticks and it won't install on USB sticks.
That's a problem with the firmware on SSD's that were released to work with the Windows 7 broken SSD support. SP1 fixed SSD support unfortunately the workaround used by the SSD manufacturers for pre SP1 made them appear as removable devices. Most SSD manufacturers released firmware updates to address the issue. I would check to see if there are firmware updates for yours even if you don't intend to upgrade to windows 10.
The facts seem to show that a higher minimum wage leads to less unemployment rather then the other way around
- no, there is no causality where you found it. Lower minimum wage means the price of labour is lower, we consume more of that, which is cheaper. There are too many other factors at play, major ones are that the unemployment didn't start with the service industry, it started with the most productive industries that moved out of the USA due to the cost of doing business.
USA is full of government workers, service sector workers, financial workers, health care workers and such, it has very few manufacturing jobs and it's losing more of them by the hour. Eventually this spreads to other jobs and the minimum wage does not help with the already non-functioning economy, which was destroyed by government induced inflation (money printing, borrowing at artificially low interest rates).
Again, the restaurants are losing business because people can no longer afford to eat out, there will be fewer and fewer even minimum wage jobs around, so raising the minimum wage at this point in the USA will simply speed up the coming economic collapse.
Don't pick one sentence out of an entire paragraph to respond to! The gist of my post is very clear. You have an example in Australia with a much higher minimum wage and a low unemployment rate. The economy is NOT a zero sum game it is foolish to oversimplify it. I don't know what the Microeconomics look like in Australia so I can't talk to you about the Restaurant business there but in Macroeconomic terms Australia has a much higher minimum wage and its near what economists call "full employment." According to your theory the much higher minimum wage should mean a very high unemployment rate and that's simply not the case.
He is riding a wave of anti-globalization sentiment, he has both houses of congress, Chinese factory wages have risen steadily, and most of you laughing now were probably laughing in the same way on November 7. For crying out loud, use your imagination. This is one of the most concrete, attainable, and consistent things he's said.
Convincing the "Poorly Educated" to vote for you by promising that you will bring Manufacturing back to the U.S is a lot harder then convincing the Highly Educated (CEO's) to actually bring those Manufacturing plants back. For one those CEO's will actually want to see Plans and Details and the Trump campaign lacked either of those
Real unemployment in USA is in double digits, people without work cannot afford these sandwiches, so people eat out much less than before and so restaurants are scaling down.
I don't follow Australia economy much, so won't talk about it. With the restaurants scaling down and closing there will be way fewer jobs for grilling sandwiches but there will always be a few who will still do it at whatever the minimum wage of the time is and the top 1% will still be able to afford their services.
Minimum wage will put the people getting it out of jobs and the businesses will shut down too (or it will be the owners themselves grilling that cheese).
I am rather confused by your post. Officially the Australian unemployment rate is .8% higher then in the U.S . If you are indeed correct and the unemployment figure is double digits in the U.S, that means that Australia has half the unemployment rate of the U.S while having a minimum wage that is more then 2 times higher. The facts seem to show that a higher minimum wage leads to less unemployment rather then the other way around. This does make sense %70 of the GDP comes from the Consumer Economy. How is the Consumer Economy supposed to grow if %30 of the labor force is low-wage Service jobs that leaves families in need of Welfare assistance just to scrape by
No, it's the other way around. It's the corporate payroll that still keeps some people off of full welfare. Grilling a cheese sandwich is not the kind of a job that can or should pay whatever the insane minimum wage law dictates (7+ dollars an hour for grilling sandwiches? I think machines will do better).
You will find a human standing over a grill making Grilled Cheese sandwiches even in Australia where the minimum wage is US $17.70 an hour. The unemployment rate there is only .8% higher then in the U.S. Conservative orthodoxy that a livable minimum wage will lead to mass layoffs is just a ploy to protect Corporate profits on the Taxpayers dime
Minimum wage is only about 80% too high for grilled cheese sandwich cooking.
65% of federal welfare assistance went to working families. In essence our Tax dollars are being used to subsidize Corporate payroll's
Q: How the hell do you screw up making a grilled cheese sandwich?
They don't have basic life skills and you expect to teach them logic? Sheldon says (and Mr Spock agrees) that is illogical. And we have a new generation of teachers who don't know much either, because they were also special snowflakes. They teach from the book because, like the burger cook, they can't do it if it isn't laid out step by step.
Pay someone minimum wage and then wonder why they don't give a damn if they serve your customers burned sandwiches while their minds are too busy trying to figure out how to pay the skyrocketing rent and college tuition on a salary that can't afford you either
You mean like a CDN? ISP's have been playing games with content providers and backbone internet companies for years. Netflix offered to install a FREE CDN on all the ISP's networks that would have decreased their network traffic to the backbone by over 50% but they refused because they wanted Netflix to pay to get to their customers. Ultimately Netflix caved and paid the toll and raised their rates to compensate. Net Neutrality would make this type of extortion illegal. Right now AT&T, Verizon, Comcast, et al own the last mile AND competing VOD services. This is a complete conflict of interest.
Actually it was far more devious than simply refusing the CDN's. The ISP's were purposely not upgrading the Interconnects and Edge Routers connecting to Level 3 (a Tier 1 network) which provided the bandwidth to Netflix resulting in avoidable traffic congestion between large ISP customers and Netflix servers. Netflix actually went as far as offering to pay for the infrastructure upgrades but the ISP's wanted much more from Netflix than a couple of new Routers. Netflix eventually caved. Well this was back when Netflix actually had its own equipment in Data-Centers. Last year Netflix completed is move to AWS (Amazon Web Services). I don't know what kind of agreements AWS has with the large ISP's
The FTC only has the right to crack down on misleading marketing claims, and if the makers of homeopathic remedies clearly state that their products are based on no science, they can still sell them..
I can see it now; "Anecdotal evidence from scientific studies indicates the potential effectiveness of our remedy"
The homeopathic crowd is largely the Big pharma Conspiracy theory types. The snake-oil salesman are going to offer the fact that the FTC is after them as proof that their stuff works and Government is trying to shut them down to protect the pharmaceutical industry
What people suffering from Dementia really need is the option to decide to leave this world on their own terms while the disease still hasn't robbed them of the ability to make those type of decisions
Goebbels' propaganda machine was ultimately disbelieved by the German people based on the postwar US Strategic Bombing Survey's result. The majority of Germans had realized the war was lost shortly after Stalingrad, even though bombing and privation had not started to bite. People see right through the lying. A similar result here - people just don't believe the shit and aren't going to start believing it again without a wholesale teardown of the whole edifice and rebuilding, with a focus on ethics.
Hindsight Bias Effect
In Colorado, there's a town famous for having a frozen dead guy on hand. It's important to recognize what this is: a vain (and hopeless) bid for immortality.
How's that any different from Christian's asking for ecclesiastical rites and burial in consecrated grounds or Hindu's asking their remains be burned on the Holy Hindu river in a vain (and hopeless) bid for their version of immortality in the Afterlife
25 years to de-carbonize the Global Economy and we are wasting resources on rooftop panels.
What's your brilliant idea? What have you done that would do more to reduce the need for fossil fuels? Come on Mr. Snarky McCynic, dazzle us with your brilliant and feasible plan.
Frankly I can't think of a better way to reduce the need for carbon based fuels than to put solar panels and batteries on/in every building possible and switch to primarily electric cars. It's not the only think we can or should do but it's a vital piece of the puzzle.
Instead of wasting money subsidizing rooftop solar systems which are extremely expensive in term of kilowatt-hour we would be getting a much bigger bang for our buck subsidizing large utility-scale solar. For the same amount of money spent in subsidies we would get several times the energy production. Covering hills with solar panels might not be as attractive as a city roofed with solar panels but its a hack of a lot cheaper to do and far more efficent