I'd suggest you're wrong. SUSE bundles work done by other people in the OSS community. They do add some nice features, bug fixes, and tools, but they produce nowhere near the weight of OSS code that Sun does. I'll put the LOC count of OpenSolaris code that Sun donated against the donations of SUSE any day. The ratio would be grossly unfair, and that's without counting Sun's many other contributions!
Re:So when do we get its successor?
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· Score: 4, Informative
Actually, that's how Solaris already works. The graphics drivers are compiled into the kernel for workstation builds. The Xsun server just hooks into those drivers.
Xsun though is only an Xserver, with no device specific knowledge - the drivers for various graphics devices for Xsun come from 3 other groups at Sun - SPARC Graphics, x86 Platform Drivers, and Sun Ray.
Nobody can find the damned thing because they keep moving it
Have you tried iTunes? At a $1.99 an episode, it's worth not having to put up with TV schedules. As a bonus, light TV watching actually translates to a far smaller bill than cable television.
If you had a car with 300Horsepower next to a car with 60Horsepower, what would you call the lesser car in a performance test?
What would I call it? Perfectly capable of driving on the Interstate, that's what I'd call it. The bar isn't being set very high when we're just talking about meeting the needs of graphics rendering. A CPU with a built-in GPU is quite capable of "driving on the interstate" as it were. Now if they were in an actual race, presumably the 300hp car would win. (Assuming it's not an oversized truck.;)) But there's no race. Only a minimum requirement.
Rendering web pages takes a decent amount of CPU to do quickly, for one.
Not really. Web-page rendering is memory intensive and I/O bound. The amount of device memory available combined with the speed of your connection and phone bus will have a much greater impact on the performance of page rendering than the CPU.
In fact, there are few common tasks which are CPU-bound these days. Video encoding/decoding come to mind. (Thus the low resolution of the Android player.) This can easily be mitigated in a multimedia device by including hardware decoder chips. Gaming is another area where CPU can have an impact, but I imagine these phones aren't being presented as portable game machines. If someone wanted to make the next Android NGage, they'd probably look to NVidia for an embedded 3D chip to offload much of the work from the CPU.
The iPhone's success wasn't because it had a fast enough CPU to render web pages. Quite the contrary. The success was that its memory, storage capacity, and touch screen allowed the iPhone developers to provide an easy-to-use interface to the browser. Safari itself isn't necessarily "better" than Opera Mini, but it is wrapped in a superior user-interface.
The OMAP 850 is a multimedia-focused chip with graphics acceleration built in. The only surprise is that the reviewer called it "slow" based on the mere fact that it's a 200MHz chip.
I was unaware that anyone could ever think that the commandment was "do not kill" instead of "do not murder". At least in Hebrew, we have absolutely no confusion.
Agreed. The commandment was actually pretty clear in the original Hebrew. What caused confusion was the King James translation into "Thou shalt not kill", an Old English translation that loses some of its meaning in modern English. Since the majority of Christians are not Hebrew speakers, the exact meaning of the commandment became widely debated.
What we really need is to charge Hollywood studios en masse for racketeering. Not only will they be hit with massive fines and structural changes, but the judicial system will get to install an oversight committee who will make the lives of studio execs living hell until they shape up and start playing by the rules. Just ask Microsoft how much fun it is to have prosecutors looking over their shoulder at every turn.;-)
which reduces the opportunity for creative accounting.
That's what you think. By selling the distribution rights to a subsidiary below cost, New Line was able to show a loss on the movie while their subsidiary was showing gangbuster profits. Since the contract was with New Line rather than the subsidiary, the result is that they didn't have to pay out any royalties.
So sorry. Maybe the next film will do better? Just sign here on the dotted line and we promise cross our hearts that the next film will show a profit. Really.
I almost guarantee that the judge will take New Line to the cleaners for such accounting. It won't change anything, though, as the studios count on it being too costly to go through a court battle to recover the money you're owed. An occasional loss in court still brings them out ahead.
That's the pre-paid "gift" card, not the branded credit card. So unless Ars is confused (possible), wireless users may find themselves reloading their pre-paid cards on a regular basis. Meanwhile, Starbucks makes mucho-dinero on the "float" of the money.
FWIW, Starbucks often runs deals where you get a free bag of coffee beans if you load up your pre-paid card with $20. This is probably cheaper for them, and far more encouraging for their customers.
Look, I know the Californians are weird sometimes, but calling them a separate nation with a separate legal system is just plain rude. Even if their whacked out laws make it seem that way sometimes.
Now apologize immediately or the Governator will be around shortly to "terminate" your opinion.:-P
You do realize that this quote, and indeed almost the whole response you wrote and TFA itself, can be applied to the big three religious books as well as law?
It's worth noting that many historical laws were derived from religion. In a sense, religion provided the prototypical framework for modern law. Thus it should come as any surprise when people argue over the interpretation of "Thou shalt not kill". Does it mean, "Thou shalt not murder" (consistent with original text and other actions in the Bible) or does it mean, "Thou shalt not kill anyone, ever." (Consistent with the "turn the other cheek" policy of Jesus.) Interpreting the intent of the law in context of the rest of the Bible provides a doctrine of "Thou shalt not murder". Similar to how lawmakers look for intent in the law when faced with an unforeseen situation, then attempt to set doctrine based on that intent.
If they do find a body and evidence that points the finger straight at him hes already been let off, can they even have a new trial?
No. Double jeopardy is not allowed in the US legal system. They could raise new charges if applicable to the incident (e.g. breaking and entering), but they could not retry him for the same crime.
That's why it's always in the best interest of the prosecutor to ensure they have solid case before taking the case to trial. Otherwise a guilty man can walk out of that court and tell the whole world exactly how he got away with a crime.
There are two common algos for finding GCD. Prime factorization, the Euclidean algorithm, and binary GCD algorithm. (The latter of which is a CompSci optimization of the second option.) The GP didn't specify which one, so I assume his post was intended to be a knock at Slashdotters not having so much as grade-school knowledge of factorization.
You'd be surprised. Project Pluto, NERVA, and Timberwind were all supposed to be atmospheric-capable engines. (Though Pluto was a bit sadistic.) Triton is a modern Tri-Mode engine that's supposed to solve the graphite flaking problems by using tungsten cladding on the reactor to ensure that no "hot" materials escape the engine.
They just want to go to Sydney, not the moon.
Actually, they want to "go to the moon" as you put it. It's just that they also want to go to sydney.;-)
It seems that my confusion was caused by clicking on the link (*gasp*) and visiting the Reaction Engine homepage. The "lapcat" craft is stuck in a corner of the site while everything else advertises the Skylon.
ZIP isn't an algorithm, it's a file format that uses many compression formats.
Why is it that people need things spelled out around here, else it's considered "wrong"? By saying "ZIP and BZ2 algorithms" I was referring to "some of the algorithms used in these formats for compression". LZ77 and Huffman are obviously used together in the DEFLATE algorithm for ZIP. BZ2 is more straightforward by first transforming the data into a more compressible form using BWT and move-to-front transforms before performing fairly pedestrian RLE and Huffman encoding for compression.
I'll risk being callous, and say that the average./ user wouldn't know the GCD algorithm if it bit them in the nose.
I'll admit, I had to look it up. I figured that you couldn't possibly be referring to Greatest Common Divisor, being that that's grade-school level stuff and all. (Well, at least touched upon when discussing LCD.) Sure enough, though, that appears to be what you meant. Which is a rather stinging knock at your average slashdotter...
build soundproof tunnels in the sky that the planes can fly through.
You joke, but I've often considered the idea of creating super-sonic mass-transit systems between cities. The idea that I visualize in my head is having a vacuum-sealed tube through which magnetically driven cars pass. Each mag-car would act as a ferry for one or more conventional vehicle. You'd drive your car into the station, drive onto the open mag-car platform, the mag-car would be sealed and pressurized, then moved into the launch queue. When your turn comes up, the mag-car moved through an airlock into the transit tube. The tube is kept in a state of low-pressure (perhaps even a near-vacuum) to allow the cars to move at high speeds with lower energy expenditures.
As soon as you're through the airlock and into the transit tube, the mag-car is driven on the magnetic rails to high speeds. You are blasted to your destination in as little as a few minutes to an hour. When you arrive, the mag-car slows, moves into an airlock, exits the tube, unseals, and you are free to drive your vehicle off the platform. The platform is then replenished with air tanks and sent back with a new passenger from whence it came.
Rather than having every city connect to every city, large cities would be connected to the nearest large city. Which would have commuters changing over from tube to tube at each city in order to reach farther cities. When they reach the city nearest their destination, they exit the station and drive the remainder of the distance. Total travel time for even the longest car trip would be cut by hours if not days.
That being said, it's just a sci-fi dream. It's possible, but there are some very real engineering and market forces working against such a project.:-)
I can't believe the mods modded the grandparent "Informative" for that gag. What's the world coming to when Slashdot readers can't even recognize ZIP and BZ2 compression algorithms?:-/
It looks like this design is a combination of rocket engines and ramjets.
Yeah, it's a dual-mode engine. If you do a little research on them, you'll probably find that aerospace designers discounted such designs a long time ago. The problem they ran into was that rocket craft spend so little time in the atmosphere that the extra weight and complexity incurred through dual-mode operation ends up gaining very little over a BDB. (Big Dumb Booster)
The only time they really make sense is for nuclear engines. In the case of nuclear, you can use anything that can be heated and exhausted as fuel. This leads to three options that can be used to power a Nuclear Thermal Rocket:
1. Pass air through the reactor, heating it up and using it as rocket exhaust. This is relatively low thrust and would only be useful in combination with another booster or to maintain velocity in the atmosphere.
2. Pass air through the reactor, heating it up and using it as rocket exhaust. As the air exits the engine, add hydrogen fuel for a second reaction. This greatly improves thrust at the cost of fuel efficiency. Perfect for initial takeoff.
3. Pass a stored, lightweight material like hydrogen through the reactor, heating it up and using it as rocket exhaust. Thrust is good in this mode, but not great. Depending on the design of the craft, this could be used 100% of the time or while in space.
Creating such "Tri-Mode" engines is reasonably straightforward and has been done. (e.g. The Triton Nuclear Engine.) I'll leave it as an exercise to the reader to understand why they're not already in use.
I don't know about anyone else, but I tend to manage many domains with scripts. It's not that hard to auto-deploy a www.foo.dell.com when you deploy foo.dell.com. That way people would find your site even if they screwed up.
If you wanted to get uber-tricky, you could develop a custom DNS provider that would make a best guess as to where you're going. e.g. Anything *.foo.dell.com would always direct to foo.dell.com.
We have the technology. We can build around ignorance and/or stupidity!
Why should you hate to say the truth? The people who pirate brought this whole mess upon themselves and they don't have the balls to take responsability for it. Leaving the honest to suffer and clean-up after them. Phoeey! They're no friends of ours.
I downloaded the entire first season of Lost from iTunes at one point. That single download was (IIRC) over 9GB. I have rented several movies from iTunes in the past few weeks, each one around 1.5GB in size. I have taken an active interest in history and archeology as of late and have downloaded as many as 5 History Channel shows in a single weekend, each between 450MB and 1.5GB in size. (The History Channel has some special feature shows which are basically movies.)
I'd easily trample 5GB for my entertainment before you even START looking at my bandwidth usage for getting Solaris 10 & OpenSolaris downloads; evaluating the latest Linux version; playing video games online; downloading the latest OO.org, Netbeans, Seamonkey, Firefox, Opera, Safari, iTunes, GIMP, and other software that I need to keep up to date on a regular basis. Oh, and then there are free videos like Star Wreck, YouTube, Starship Exeter, New Voyages, Hidden Frontier, Java Gaming Vidcast, watching the lastest Macworld Expo, the JavaOne presentations, the Sun announcements, etc., etc., etc., etc.
Oh! And let's not forget about my day-to-day tasks of obtaining libraries, SDKs, documentation, and other tools I need for my work and hobby. (HTML & PDF documentation can easily exceed hundreds of megs for many projects. Some exceed several GB. Don't even ask me about the time I tried to get a copy of MonoDocs by spidering the MonoDoc website.)
As if that isn't enough, taking my game console online to play web games, watch videos, and otherwise interact over the web with the console easily chews through a significant chunk of bandwidth. A 3-10 MB Flash Game or a 20MB video clip might not seem like much, but it starts to add up after a while.
Am I a power user? Sure. And I'm more than willing to pay for quality service that provides me what I need to use my connection to its fullest potential. But don't think for a moment that using your connection implies illegal activity. There's more than enough data churning around the 'net before you even touch the illegal stuff. And when I'm paying upwards of $50/mo for broadband, you had better bet that I expect to be able to transfer as much as a hundred GB a month. As someone already mentioned, bandwidth is more than cheap enough to make that much transfer cost-effective.
The scary thing, is that it doesn't really make sense in real life. It makes sense in the movies. It's almost as if it's been scripted to build tension.
That's part of what's been bugging me about it. Most sources of military action can be guessed outright if you have an understanding of who the players are. But this? It simply doesn't make any sense. Which drives the apprehension level through the roof with each cable cut. Everyone is sitting on pins and needles waiting for the other shoe to drop.
What's the bloody point? How could this possibly benefit any power with the capabilities necessary to pull off this operation? It doesn't even seem likely that it's a coordinated terrorist attack. It's only terrorizing while we don't know who did it. Once someone claims responsibility, a target is brought into focus and fear turns into determination.
Slashdot Mirror
I'd suggest you're wrong. SUSE bundles work done by other people in the OSS community. They do add some nice features, bug fixes, and tools, but they produce nowhere near the weight of OSS code that Sun does. I'll put the LOC count of OpenSolaris code that Sun donated against the donations of SUSE any day. The ratio would be grossly unfair, and that's without counting Sun's many other contributions!
From Alan Coopersmith of Sun Microsystems:
Have you tried iTunes? At a $1.99 an episode, it's worth not having to put up with TV schedules. As a bonus, light TV watching actually translates to a far smaller bill than cable television.
What would I call it? Perfectly capable of driving on the Interstate, that's what I'd call it. The bar isn't being set very high when we're just talking about meeting the needs of graphics rendering. A CPU with a built-in GPU is quite capable of "driving on the interstate" as it were. Now if they were in an actual race, presumably the 300hp car would win. (Assuming it's not an oversized truck.
You mean they stopped using JHDL as a teaching tool? That's too bad....
In fact, there are few common tasks which are CPU-bound these days. Video encoding/decoding come to mind. (Thus the low resolution of the Android player.) This can easily be mitigated in a multimedia device by including hardware decoder chips. Gaming is another area where CPU can have an impact, but I imagine these phones aren't being presented as portable game machines. If someone wanted to make the next Android NGage, they'd probably look to NVidia for an embedded 3D chip to offload much of the work from the CPU.
The iPhone's success wasn't because it had a fast enough CPU to render web pages. Quite the contrary. The success was that its memory, storage capacity, and touch screen allowed the iPhone developers to provide an easy-to-use interface to the browser. Safari itself isn't necessarily "better" than Opera Mini, but it is wrapped in a superior user-interface.
The OMAP 850 is a multimedia-focused chip with graphics acceleration built in. The only surprise is that the reviewer called it "slow" based on the mere fact that it's a 200MHz chip.
What we really need is to charge Hollywood studios en masse for racketeering. Not only will they be hit with massive fines and structural changes, but the judicial system will get to install an oversight committee who will make the lives of studio execs living hell until they shape up and start playing by the rules. Just ask Microsoft how much fun it is to have prosecutors looking over their shoulder at every turn. ;-)
No one has done Database Users yet (mostly due to the complexity of identifying users in different DBs), but there is a OS Process killer:
http://slashdot.org/articles/99/10/20/1110242.shtml
That's what you think. By selling the distribution rights to a subsidiary below cost, New Line was able to show a loss on the movie while their subsidiary was showing gangbuster profits. Since the contract was with New Line rather than the subsidiary, the result is that they didn't have to pay out any royalties.
So sorry. Maybe the next film will do better? Just sign here on the dotted line and we promise cross our hearts that the next film will show a profit. Really.
I almost guarantee that the judge will take New Line to the cleaners for such accounting. It won't change anything, though, as the studios count on it being too costly to go through a court battle to recover the money you're owed. An occasional loss in court still brings them out ahead.
Oh, and we're omnivores. We're perfectly capable of living without meat in our diet, though it's not ideal under most circumstances.
Thus the reading in context. Reading out of context results in many a discussion about the Biblical justification for self-defense and/or war.
TFA links here: https://www.starbucks.com/card/
That's the pre-paid "gift" card, not the branded credit card. So unless Ars is confused (possible), wireless users may find themselves reloading their pre-paid cards on a regular basis. Meanwhile, Starbucks makes mucho-dinero on the "float" of the money.
FWIW, Starbucks often runs deals where you get a free bag of coffee beans if you load up your pre-paid card with $20. This is probably cheaper for them, and far more encouraging for their customers.
Look, I know the Californians are weird sometimes, but calling them a separate nation with a separate legal system is just plain rude. Even if their whacked out laws make it seem that way sometimes.
:-P
Now apologize immediately or the Governator will be around shortly to "terminate" your opinion.
It's worth noting that many historical laws were derived from religion. In a sense, religion provided the prototypical framework for modern law. Thus it should come as any surprise when people argue over the interpretation of "Thou shalt not kill". Does it mean, "Thou shalt not murder" (consistent with original text and other actions in the Bible) or does it mean, "Thou shalt not kill anyone, ever." (Consistent with the "turn the other cheek" policy of Jesus.) Interpreting the intent of the law in context of the rest of the Bible provides a doctrine of "Thou shalt not murder". Similar to how lawmakers look for intent in the law when faced with an unforeseen situation, then attempt to set doctrine based on that intent.
No. Double jeopardy is not allowed in the US legal system. They could raise new charges if applicable to the incident (e.g. breaking and entering), but they could not retry him for the same crime.
That's why it's always in the best interest of the prosecutor to ensure they have solid case before taking the case to trial. Otherwise a guilty man can walk out of that court and tell the whole world exactly how he got away with a crime.
Err... s/two common/three common/g
:)
2.5 if you want to be picky.
There are two common algos for finding GCD. Prime factorization, the Euclidean algorithm, and binary GCD algorithm. (The latter of which is a CompSci optimization of the second option.) The GP didn't specify which one, so I assume his post was intended to be a knock at Slashdotters not having so much as grade-school knowledge of factorization.
You'd be surprised. Project Pluto, NERVA, and Timberwind were all supposed to be atmospheric-capable engines. (Though Pluto was a bit sadistic.) Triton is a modern Tri-Mode engine that's supposed to solve the graphite flaking problems by using tungsten cladding on the reactor to ensure that no "hot" materials escape the engine.
Actually, they want to "go to the moon" as you put it. It's just that they also want to go to sydney.
It seems that my confusion was caused by clicking on the link (*gasp*) and visiting the Reaction Engine homepage. The "lapcat" craft is stuck in a corner of the site while everything else advertises the Skylon.
Why is it that people need things spelled out around here, else it's considered "wrong"? By saying "ZIP and BZ2 algorithms" I was referring to "some of the algorithms used in these formats for compression". LZ77 and Huffman are obviously used together in the DEFLATE algorithm for ZIP. BZ2 is more straightforward by first transforming the data into a more compressible form using BWT and move-to-front transforms before performing fairly pedestrian RLE and Huffman encoding for compression.
I'll admit, I had to look it up. I figured that you couldn't possibly be referring to Greatest Common Divisor, being that that's grade-school level stuff and all. (Well, at least touched upon when discussing LCD.) Sure enough, though, that appears to be what you meant. Which is a rather stinging knock at your average slashdotter...
You joke, but I've often considered the idea of creating super-sonic mass-transit systems between cities. The idea that I visualize in my head is having a vacuum-sealed tube through which magnetically driven cars pass. Each mag-car would act as a ferry for one or more conventional vehicle. You'd drive your car into the station, drive onto the open mag-car platform, the mag-car would be sealed and pressurized, then moved into the launch queue. When your turn comes up, the mag-car moved through an airlock into the transit tube. The tube is kept in a state of low-pressure (perhaps even a near-vacuum) to allow the cars to move at high speeds with lower energy expenditures.
As soon as you're through the airlock and into the transit tube, the mag-car is driven on the magnetic rails to high speeds. You are blasted to your destination in as little as a few minutes to an hour. When you arrive, the mag-car slows, moves into an airlock, exits the tube, unseals, and you are free to drive your vehicle off the platform. The platform is then replenished with air tanks and sent back with a new passenger from whence it came.
Rather than having every city connect to every city, large cities would be connected to the nearest large city. Which would have commuters changing over from tube to tube at each city in order to reach farther cities. When they reach the city nearest their destination, they exit the station and drive the remainder of the distance. Total travel time for even the longest car trip would be cut by hours if not days.
That being said, it's just a sci-fi dream. It's possible, but there are some very real engineering and market forces working against such a project.
Yeah, it's a dual-mode engine. If you do a little research on them, you'll probably find that aerospace designers discounted such designs a long time ago. The problem they ran into was that rocket craft spend so little time in the atmosphere that the extra weight and complexity incurred through dual-mode operation ends up gaining very little over a BDB. (Big Dumb Booster)
The only time they really make sense is for nuclear engines. In the case of nuclear, you can use anything that can be heated and exhausted as fuel. This leads to three options that can be used to power a Nuclear Thermal Rocket:
1. Pass air through the reactor, heating it up and using it as rocket exhaust. This is relatively low thrust and would only be useful in combination with another booster or to maintain velocity in the atmosphere.
2. Pass air through the reactor, heating it up and using it as rocket exhaust. As the air exits the engine, add hydrogen fuel for a second reaction. This greatly improves thrust at the cost of fuel efficiency. Perfect for initial takeoff.
3. Pass a stored, lightweight material like hydrogen through the reactor, heating it up and using it as rocket exhaust. Thrust is good in this mode, but not great. Depending on the design of the craft, this could be used 100% of the time or while in space.
Creating such "Tri-Mode" engines is reasonably straightforward and has been done. (e.g. The Triton Nuclear Engine.) I'll leave it as an exercise to the reader to understand why they're not already in use.
I don't know about anyone else, but I tend to manage many domains with scripts. It's not that hard to auto-deploy a www.foo.dell.com when you deploy foo.dell.com. That way people would find your site even if they screwed up.
If you wanted to get uber-tricky, you could develop a custom DNS provider that would make a best guess as to where you're going. e.g. Anything *.foo.dell.com would always direct to foo.dell.com.
We have the technology. We can build around ignorance and/or stupidity!
I downloaded the entire first season of Lost from iTunes at one point. That single download was (IIRC) over 9GB. I have rented several movies from iTunes in the past few weeks, each one around 1.5GB in size. I have taken an active interest in history and archeology as of late and have downloaded as many as 5 History Channel shows in a single weekend, each between 450MB and 1.5GB in size. (The History Channel has some special feature shows which are basically movies.)
I'd easily trample 5GB for my entertainment before you even START looking at my bandwidth usage for getting Solaris 10 & OpenSolaris downloads; evaluating the latest Linux version; playing video games online; downloading the latest OO.org, Netbeans, Seamonkey, Firefox, Opera, Safari, iTunes, GIMP, and other software that I need to keep up to date on a regular basis. Oh, and then there are free videos like Star Wreck, YouTube, Starship Exeter, New Voyages, Hidden Frontier, Java Gaming Vidcast, watching the lastest Macworld Expo, the JavaOne presentations, the Sun announcements, etc., etc., etc., etc.
Oh! And let's not forget about my day-to-day tasks of obtaining libraries, SDKs, documentation, and other tools I need for my work and hobby. (HTML & PDF documentation can easily exceed hundreds of megs for many projects. Some exceed several GB. Don't even ask me about the time I tried to get a copy of MonoDocs by spidering the MonoDoc website.)
As if that isn't enough, taking my game console online to play web games, watch videos, and otherwise interact over the web with the console easily chews through a significant chunk of bandwidth. A 3-10 MB Flash Game or a 20MB video clip might not seem like much, but it starts to add up after a while.
Am I a power user? Sure. And I'm more than willing to pay for quality service that provides me what I need to use my connection to its fullest potential. But don't think for a moment that using your connection implies illegal activity. There's more than enough data churning around the 'net before you even touch the illegal stuff. And when I'm paying upwards of $50/mo for broadband, you had better bet that I expect to be able to transfer as much as a hundred GB a month. As someone already mentioned, bandwidth is more than cheap enough to make that much transfer cost-effective.
That's part of what's been bugging me about it. Most sources of military action can be guessed outright if you have an understanding of who the players are. But this? It simply doesn't make any sense. Which drives the apprehension level through the roof with each cable cut. Everyone is sitting on pins and needles waiting for the other shoe to drop.
What's the bloody point? How could this possibly benefit any power with the capabilities necessary to pull off this operation? It doesn't even seem likely that it's a coordinated terrorist attack. It's only terrorizing while we don't know who did it. Once someone claims responsibility, a target is brought into focus and fear turns into determination.