He pulled his figures from his backend. The efficiency of an internal combustion engine isn't the whole story. There are also very significant losses in the transmission needed in order to use said ICE. This has been analyzed over and over again and the EV almost always comes out on top, especially as coal makes up a smaller and smaller percentage of power generation. Hybrid vehicles improve the efficiency but as far as I know nobody makes a hybrid diesel-electric passenger vehicle.
The differences between diesel and electric vehicles are far more than 10%, especially when this moves to large vehicles such as in this CARB study comparing battery electric trucks compared to conventional diesel vehicles.
He gets especially erratic when he talks about NO and being greenhouse negative. NO is NOT something you want in the atmosphere, and it in no way would be greenhouse negative since the goal of modern diesel vehicles is to limit NOx and soot due to the negative effects of both in terms of human health.
Cars are typically far less than 30% efficient. As the previous poster stated the Carnot cycle limits the efficiency. There are also significant losses in the transmission, something that electric vehicles lack other than simple gear reduction. The transmission on an EV is far more efficient than a transmission for an internal combustion vehicle. For example, in my EV there are only two physical gears for a 9.73:1 gear reduction. Compare this to a typical transmission in an ICE vehicle. There is no clutch, torque converter, etc. It's a one-speed transmission with far lower losses than any multi-gear transmission or even a planetary gear assembly, which many hybrid transmissions use. While hybrids, and especially plug-in hybrids improve the efficiency by allowing the engine to operate in its most efficient mode with regenerative braking, it still falls far short of what an EV achieves. The battery losses for an EV are actually quite low. Good lithium-ion batteries are extremely efficient at storing electricity. In fact, there's a direct correlation to their efficiency and how long they'll last as is described in this video.
Also, at least in the United States, the use of coal for power generation is dropping significantly due to the lower cost of natural gas power plants and wind (regardless of what the politicians do). What this means is that the efficiency of EVs is increasing as coal usage drops since natural gas power plants tend to be more efficient and release around half the CO2 of an equivalent coal plant.
A lot of people rage over being called out for their bigoted or homophobic remarks. Freedom of speech does not equal freedom from the negative consequences of said speech. Fixed it for you. People rage over the consequences of being an insensitive jerk.
Most panels sold today will last at least 20 years. Replacing panels is a lot less expensive than the initial installation and by the time they do need replacing the cost for the panels should be significantly less if the current trends continue.
Micro-USB sucks big-time. Usually, the cables start falling out after 3 months because the springs lose tension. Qualcomm quick charge can't combine data and charging. I agree generally with HDMI and mini-HDMI, although for devices like phones and tablets USB-C makes sense. I think USB-C has potential but it's still early and a lot of kinks need to be worked out. The cheap Chinesium crap is flooding the market now to fill the huge niche Apple opened up.
Cheap Chinesium crap. I'd send it to EEVBLOG and let Dave dissect it and make snarky comments on it. I've had questionable USB chargers... USB-C just makes this worse
Non-birdstrike certified helicopter windscreens have very limited resilience to the impact of a drone, well below normal cruise speeds.
The non-birdstrike certified helicopter windscreen results can also be applied to general aviation aeroplanes which also do not have a birdstrike certification requirement.
Although the birdstrike certified windscreens tested had greater resistance than non-birdstrike certified, they could still be critically damaged at normal cruise speeds.
Helicopter tail rotors are also very vulnerable to the impact of a drone, with modelling showing blade failures from impacts with the smaller drone components tested.
Airliner windscreens are much more resistant, however, the study showed that there is a risk of critical windscreen damage under certain impact conditions:
It was found that critical damage did not occur at high, but realistic impact speeds, with the 1.2 kg class drone components.
However, critical damage did occur to the airliner windscreens at high, but realistic, impact speeds, with the 4 kg class drone components used in this study.
The construction of the drone plays a significant role in the impact of a collision. Notably, the 400 g class drone components, which included exposed metal motors, caused critical failure of the helicopter windscreens at lower speeds than the 1.2 kg class drone components, which had plastic covering over their motors. This is believed to have absorbed some of the shock of the collision, reducing the impact.
The testing and modelling showed that the drone components used can cause significantly more damage than birds of equivalent masses at speeds lower than required to meet birdstrike certification standards.
I expect it to happen if drone operators continue to do stupid stuff that interferes with aircraft. I'm sorry, but there are too many stupid people playing with drones to have forced this because they clearly can't regulate themselves. Imagine the outcry when people die because of some stupid drone operator hitting an aircraft at some critical point. They have already caused mid-air collisions and have interfered with emergency responders.
Actually switching from coal to natural gas cuts the CO2 emissions in half due to the higher hydrogen to carbon ratio of methane compared to coal. So not only is it cleaner due to no soot, carbon emissions are also cut. So in this sense converting to natural gas can significantly reduce warming. Also, consider that many coal plants are old and not as efficient as new plants.
I can tell you that the vendor I work for did add custom instructions to MIPS. Some were not difficult to deal with because MIPS reserved coprocessor 2 for just this reason, others are more complicated. We also have a very sizeable compiler and toolchain team which also has upstreamed most of the changes. With MIPS we were able to do some interesting extensions such as adding a lot more encryption and hashing algorithms, though in many cases these would not be used in most environments. We also added transactional memory, something Intel later added (which was broken in their first implementation) but ARM has been dragging their feet.
I agree with much of what you said. I work at a company that designs its own CPUs from the ground up. We migrated in the last few years from multi-core 64-bit MIPS to ARMv8.x. We actually added a number of instructions to the MIPS standard including insert, extract and a host of atomic instructions and I can tell you that insert/extract are used quite extensively in the compiler once the proper tuning was added. Most of my work has been with the MIPS processors and I can tell you that, especially in embedded cases or when dealing with hardware, insert/extract are used extensively. Anywhere you see code mucking about with masks and combining bits or setting flags, etc, insert/extract are quite useful.
For example, something like x = (y >> 9) & 0x3f is replaced by a single instruction, something like ext t8, t9, 9, 6 (assuming x and y are integers). Insert is similarly useful.
There are some big improvements with ARM64 such as load/store pair and an even greater wealth of atomic instructions and additional conditional instructions. It is very common to load a sequence of memory addresses into registers.
While I agree with you in some cases, namely the 8K. other aspects are definitely visible. For example, I often see the steps in intensity gradients with 8-bit color. Now video often doesn't use the 0-255 but a lower range of this, so it's typically not even 8-bit color. 24p is another parameter that is clearly visible. There are plenty of times where I find it jarring because I can see the stepping between frames. It's usually worse with computers because when switching from 24p to 60p using 3:2 pulldown you get a juddering effect which is not smooth. 120fps eliminates the juddering effect all cases since for 24p content each frame is shown 5 times. In fact, with 120fps the content can smoothly switch between 24p, 30p and 60p without having to change the display frame rate.
When I really want to watch a movie I use my PS3 as a blu-ray player because, unlike Windows, it sets the HDMI output to 24p.
Now as for 8K, and even 4K, for the distance most people sit from their televisions the eye cannot resolve the difference. The other consideration is the amount of bandwidth needed to handle these higher formats. Without significantly increasing the bandwidth all is lost to compression artifacts.
As you say, using OLED and other technologies provide a huge benefit in terms of better color and contrast. LCDs have improved, but they still suffer issues, especially at higher refresh rates. I'm still using my 2K 65" plasma TV because it has fairly good contrast and natively does 24P. I'm one of the few who even enjoys 3-D on it even though it requires active glasses.
Just ask anyone who lives there. There is a lot of poverty in Hawaii due to the high cost of shipping. Just go into any grocery store and you can see why.
The Jones act punishes Hawaii, Alaska and Puerto Rico.
Because of the Jones Act, you can't have a foreign ship stop off in Hawaii before hitting a port in California, nor a ship traveling from the west coast stop off in Hawaii on their way to Asia. Any ship that goes between US ports must be U.S. flagged, U.S. crewed, U.S. owned and U.S. built. This makes it very expensive since most ships are foreign built, foreign-owned, foreign flagged and foreign crewed. The Jones act makes shipping cost several times what it normally would cost. For example, it's cheaper to send a product from Alaska to Seattle by first sending it to Japan than to send it directly.
One example of the type of processing they need is Google's Tensor Processing Unit (TPU). This chip is designed for offloading much of the machine learning processing that is involved.
For AI/machine learning the parts are rather specialized. For example, look at Google's tensor processing unit (TPU). Machine learning typically involves a lot of large integer matrix multiply operations where dedicated hardware makes a big difference in performance.
For example, Google's TPU consists of 64K 8-bit multipliers in a 256x256 array along with around 4M adders. A general purpose CPU or even a GPU will not be nearly as optimal. Google's TPU performance per watt is around 83x as good as a CPU and 28x as good as a GPU.
San Francisco is one of the few cities that still has electric buses powered by overhead lines along the routes. Electric buses are perfect for those steep hills.
The people who joined Mueller's team wouldn't join unless he had something very compelling. Add the fact that the NY AG is also involved so Trump can't just pardon anyone like a get out of jail free card. Mueller is going after Trump and co on multiple fronts, both from the Russian investigation side as well as RICO and tax evasion. Trump's current legal team are like the keystone cops. All the competent lawyers have quit in frustration over the fact that Trump won't take their advice and/or pay them.
Also, don't forget Felix Sater who is singing like a canary. Sater was involved in numerous Trump business dealings. The fact that it wasn't disclosed at the time that Sater was a convicted felon to the other parties is also highly illegal.
Actually, there has been a fair amount of fiscal restraint in recent years. They set aside money for a rainy day fund in order to put an end to the boom and bust cycles.
White supremest and other alt-right groups have killed far more people since 9/11 than any other group, including jihadists. Hell, the FBI just blocked another Oklahoma city bombing by a white supremest. BLM pales by comparison and for the most part, BLM has been peaceful and at its core, the group espouses peaceful demonstrations. The second deadliest terror attack in this country was carried out by white supremest in Oklahoma City. Then there are the 9 people killed in a Charleston church, or the six people killed at a Sikh temple in Wisconsin.
My grandfather helped fight Nazis during WWII. He was a radioman for the RAF and was involved during D-Day. He discovered the Germans were using radar which earned him the Distinguished Flying Cross. I'm sure he'd punch these people in the face if he were alive today. I have another relative who was almost captured behind enemy lines by the Nazis but by knowing German he was able to escape.
Shooting these bastards is too good for them. These people deserve something slow and painful.
I don't know if my grandfather actually saw a Nazi or not. He was too busy running radio for the RAF on a bomber that was bombing them. He was also instrumental in the discovery that the Germans were using radar which earned him the Distinguished Flying Cross. He flew 42 B-11 anti-submarine sorties as well as air support for D-Day. Very few people in his squadron survived the war. If he were alive today I'm sure he'd punch a neo-nazi in the face or shoot them.
That jibes with my experience as well. I have been working in the embedded area for 18 years and device drivers before then. Most of the female engineers I work with are quite competent and are generally very good without all the drama and ego of some of the male engineers. The percentage of poor female engineers I've worked with is lower than the percentage of poor male engineers.
And I've worked for 25 years as a software/firmware engineer and have worked with many stellar female engineers. I've worked with a few mediocre ones, but I've worked with far more and far worse male engineers than female engineers, and the female engineers don't get stuck up on ego trips like some of their male counterparts.
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He pulled his figures from his backend. The efficiency of an internal combustion engine isn't the whole story. There are also very significant losses in the transmission needed in order to use said ICE. This has been analyzed over and over again and the EV almost always comes out on top, especially as coal makes up a smaller and smaller percentage of power generation. Hybrid vehicles improve the efficiency but as far as I know nobody makes a hybrid diesel-electric passenger vehicle.
The differences between diesel and electric vehicles are far more than 10%, especially when this moves to large vehicles such as in this CARB study comparing battery electric trucks compared to conventional diesel vehicles.
He gets especially erratic when he talks about NO and being greenhouse negative. NO is NOT something you want in the atmosphere, and it in no way would be greenhouse negative since the goal of modern diesel vehicles is to limit NOx and soot due to the negative effects of both in terms of human health.
Cars are typically far less than 30% efficient. As the previous poster stated the Carnot cycle limits the efficiency. There are also significant losses in the transmission, something that electric vehicles lack other than simple gear reduction. The transmission on an EV is far more efficient than a transmission for an internal combustion vehicle. For example, in my EV there are only two physical gears for a 9.73:1 gear reduction. Compare this to a typical transmission in an ICE vehicle. There is no clutch, torque converter, etc. It's a one-speed transmission with far lower losses than any multi-gear transmission or even a planetary gear assembly, which many hybrid transmissions use. While hybrids, and especially plug-in hybrids improve the efficiency by allowing the engine to operate in its most efficient mode with regenerative braking, it still falls far short of what an EV achieves. The battery losses for an EV are actually quite low. Good lithium-ion batteries are extremely efficient at storing electricity. In fact, there's a direct correlation to their efficiency and how long they'll last as is described in this video.
Also, at least in the United States, the use of coal for power generation is dropping significantly due to the lower cost of natural gas power plants and wind (regardless of what the politicians do). What this means is that the efficiency of EVs is increasing as coal usage drops since natural gas power plants tend to be more efficient and release around half the CO2 of an equivalent coal plant.
Yes, because we need more of this...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?...
A lot of people rage over being called out for their bigoted or homophobic remarks. Freedom of speech does not equal freedom from the negative consequences of said speech. Fixed it for you. People rage over the consequences of being an insensitive jerk.
Most panels sold today will last at least 20 years. Replacing panels is a lot less expensive than the initial installation and by the time they do need replacing the cost for the panels should be significantly less if the current trends continue.
Micro-USB sucks big-time. Usually, the cables start falling out after 3 months because the springs lose tension. Qualcomm quick charge can't combine data and charging. I agree generally with HDMI and mini-HDMI, although for devices like phones and tablets USB-C makes sense. I think USB-C has potential but it's still early and a lot of kinks need to be worked out. The cheap Chinesium crap is flooding the market now to fill the huge niche Apple opened up.
Cheap Chinesium crap. I'd send it to EEVBLOG and let Dave dissect it and make snarky comments on it. I've had questionable USB chargers... USB-C just makes this worse
Here's another good article on a study of what sort of damage could be caused to commercial aircraft from hitting drones:
https://news.aviation-safety.n...
Notably:
Non-birdstrike certified helicopter windscreens have very limited resilience to the impact of a drone, well below normal cruise speeds.
The non-birdstrike certified helicopter windscreen results can also be applied to general aviation aeroplanes which also do not have a birdstrike certification requirement.
Although the birdstrike certified windscreens tested had greater resistance than non-birdstrike certified, they could still be critically damaged at normal cruise speeds.
Helicopter tail rotors are also very vulnerable to the impact of a drone, with modelling showing blade failures from impacts with the smaller drone components tested.
Airliner windscreens are much more resistant, however, the study showed that there is a risk of critical windscreen damage under certain impact conditions:
It was found that critical damage did not occur at high, but realistic impact speeds, with the 1.2 kg class drone components.
However, critical damage did occur to the airliner windscreens at high, but realistic, impact speeds, with the 4 kg class drone components used in this study.
The construction of the drone plays a significant role in the impact of a collision. Notably, the 400 g class drone components, which included exposed metal motors, caused critical failure of the helicopter windscreens at lower speeds than the 1.2 kg class drone components, which had plastic covering over their motors. This is believed to have absorbed some of the shock of the collision, reducing the impact.
The testing and modelling showed that the drone components used can cause significantly more damage than birds of equivalent masses at speeds lower than required to meet birdstrike certification standards.
I expect it to happen if drone operators continue to do stupid stuff that interferes with aircraft. I'm sorry, but there are too many stupid people playing with drones to have forced this because they clearly can't regulate themselves. Imagine the outcry when people die because of some stupid drone operator hitting an aircraft at some critical point. They have already caused mid-air collisions and have interfered with emergency responders.
Here's a case that resulted in damage to the helicopter:
https://www.bloomberg.com/news...
Here's a possible hit with an A320:
https://www.theverge.com/2016/...
There have also been hundreds of close calls:
https://www.washingtonpost.com...
Interfering with firefighters:
http://wildfiretoday.com/2017/...
http://www.mercurynews.com/201...
http://www.npr.org/2015/07/23/...
They can't even control hitting other drones.
https://www.faa.gov/uas/faqs/
Actually switching from coal to natural gas cuts the CO2 emissions in half due to the higher hydrogen to carbon ratio of methane compared to coal. So not only is it cleaner due to no soot, carbon emissions are also cut. So in this sense converting to natural gas can significantly reduce warming. Also, consider that many coal plants are old and not as efficient as new plants.
I can tell you that the vendor I work for did add custom instructions to MIPS. Some were not difficult to deal with because MIPS reserved coprocessor 2 for just this reason, others are more complicated. We also have a very sizeable compiler and toolchain team which also has upstreamed most of the changes. With MIPS we were able to do some interesting extensions such as adding a lot more encryption and hashing algorithms, though in many cases these would not be used in most environments. We also added transactional memory, something Intel later added (which was broken in their first implementation) but ARM has been dragging their feet.
I agree with much of what you said. I work at a company that designs its own CPUs from the ground up. We migrated in the last few years from multi-core 64-bit MIPS to ARMv8.x. We actually added a number of instructions to the MIPS standard including insert, extract and a host of atomic instructions and I can tell you that insert/extract are used quite extensively in the compiler once the proper tuning was added. Most of my work has been with the MIPS processors and I can tell you that, especially in embedded cases or when dealing with hardware, insert/extract are used extensively. Anywhere you see code mucking about with masks and combining bits or setting flags, etc, insert/extract are quite useful.
For example, something like x = (y >> 9) & 0x3f is replaced by a single instruction, something like ext t8, t9, 9, 6 (assuming x and y are integers). Insert is similarly useful.
There are some big improvements with ARM64 such as load/store pair and an even greater wealth of atomic instructions and additional conditional instructions. It is very common to load a sequence of memory addresses into registers.
While I agree with you in some cases, namely the 8K. other aspects are definitely visible. For example, I often see the steps in intensity gradients with 8-bit color. Now video often doesn't use the 0-255 but a lower range of this, so it's typically not even 8-bit color. 24p is another parameter that is clearly visible. There are plenty of times where I find it jarring because I can see the stepping between frames. It's usually worse with computers because when switching from 24p to 60p using 3:2 pulldown you get a juddering effect which is not smooth. 120fps eliminates the juddering effect all cases since for 24p content each frame is shown 5 times. In fact, with 120fps the content can smoothly switch between 24p, 30p and 60p without having to change the display frame rate.
When I really want to watch a movie I use my PS3 as a blu-ray player because, unlike Windows, it sets the HDMI output to 24p.
Now as for 8K, and even 4K, for the distance most people sit from their televisions the eye cannot resolve the difference. The other consideration is the amount of bandwidth needed to handle these higher formats. Without significantly increasing the bandwidth all is lost to compression artifacts.
As you say, using OLED and other technologies provide a huge benefit in terms of better color and contrast. LCDs have improved, but they still suffer issues, especially at higher refresh rates. I'm still using my 2K 65" plasma TV because it has fairly good contrast and natively does 24P. I'm one of the few who even enjoys 3-D on it even though it requires active glasses.
Just ask anyone who lives there. There is a lot of poverty in Hawaii due to the high cost of shipping. Just go into any grocery store and you can see why.
http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/...
The Jones act punishes Hawaii, Alaska and Puerto Rico.
Because of the Jones Act, you can't have a foreign ship stop off in Hawaii before hitting a port in California, nor a ship traveling from the west coast stop off in Hawaii on their way to Asia. Any ship that goes between US ports must be U.S. flagged, U.S. crewed, U.S. owned and U.S. built. This makes it very expensive since most ships are foreign built, foreign-owned, foreign flagged and foreign crewed. The Jones act makes shipping cost several times what it normally would cost. For example, it's cheaper to send a product from Alaska to Seattle by first sending it to Japan than to send it directly.
One example of the type of processing they need is Google's Tensor Processing Unit (TPU). This chip is designed for offloading much of the machine learning processing that is involved.
For AI/machine learning the parts are rather specialized. For example, look at Google's tensor processing unit (TPU). Machine learning typically involves a lot of large integer matrix multiply operations where dedicated hardware makes a big difference in performance.
For example, Google's TPU consists of 64K 8-bit multipliers in a 256x256 array along with around 4M adders. A general purpose CPU or even a GPU will not be nearly as optimal. Google's TPU performance per watt is around 83x as good as a CPU and 28x as good as a GPU.
San Francisco is one of the few cities that still has electric buses powered by overhead lines along the routes. Electric buses are perfect for those steep hills.
It's bad enough that Trump's lawyer admits he has documents related to Russia in his safe.
The people who joined Mueller's team wouldn't join unless he had something very compelling. Add the fact that the NY AG is also involved so Trump can't just pardon anyone like a get out of jail free card. Mueller is going after Trump and co on multiple fronts, both from the Russian investigation side as well as RICO and tax evasion. Trump's current legal team are like the keystone cops. All the competent lawyers have quit in frustration over the fact that Trump won't take their advice and/or pay them.
Also, don't forget Felix Sater who is singing like a canary. Sater was involved in numerous Trump business dealings. The fact that it wasn't disclosed at the time that Sater was a convicted felon to the other parties is also highly illegal.
Then there's Trump's adviser Carter Page who has been under surveillance under a FISA warrant since 2014.
Actually, there has been a fair amount of fiscal restraint in recent years. They set aside money for a rainy day fund in order to put an end to the boom and bust cycles.
He would if it means he stays alive. People involved have a habit of dying.
White supremest and other alt-right groups have killed far more people since 9/11 than any other group, including jihadists. Hell, the FBI just blocked another Oklahoma city bombing by a white supremest. BLM pales by comparison and for the most part, BLM has been peaceful and at its core, the group espouses peaceful demonstrations. The second deadliest terror attack in this country was carried out by white supremest in Oklahoma City. Then there are the 9 people killed in a Charleston church, or the six people killed at a Sikh temple in Wisconsin.
My grandfather helped fight Nazis during WWII. He was a radioman for the RAF and was involved during D-Day. He discovered the Germans were using radar which earned him the Distinguished Flying Cross. I'm sure he'd punch these people in the face if he were alive today. I have another relative who was almost captured behind enemy lines by the Nazis but by knowing German he was able to escape.
Shooting these bastards is too good for them. These people deserve something slow and painful.
Here's a good documentary on these assholes.
I don't know if my grandfather actually saw a Nazi or not. He was too busy running radio for the RAF on a bomber that was bombing them. He was also instrumental in the discovery that the Germans were using radar which earned him the Distinguished Flying Cross. He flew 42 B-11 anti-submarine sorties as well as air support for D-Day. Very few people in his squadron survived the war. If he were alive today I'm sure he'd punch a neo-nazi in the face or shoot them.
That jibes with my experience as well. I have been working in the embedded area for 18 years and device drivers before then. Most of the female engineers I work with are quite competent and are generally very good without all the drama and ego of some of the male engineers. The percentage of poor female engineers I've worked with is lower than the percentage of poor male engineers.
And I've worked for 25 years as a software/firmware engineer and have worked with many stellar female engineers. I've worked with a few mediocre ones, but I've worked with far more and far worse male engineers than female engineers, and the female engineers don't get stuck up on ego trips like some of their male counterparts.