1) Why did they need a videowall in the first place? What is the point?
2) Why use a video wall, when a Projector would be much more clean and efficient? Even if the ambient light was high or the didn't want people blocking the path, they could rig things so the projector is behind the screen in a dark room. Lack of throw area can be compensated for through use of mirrors to reflect the path....
Which is a really dumb policy to have. I was asked to do something similar (except at the firewall level). I put a rather weak block that can easily be circumvented. Why? Because it helps morale and can improve productivity. When the only way to reach me is my phone, I get calls. And these calls force me to drop everything to focus, highly intrusive.... E-mail is insufficient, while technically fast, in practice it is not a very active form of communication...
I got a Tadpole Sparcbook 2 from work. About a month later, my apartment was broken into and it, among other things was stolen. So my girlfriend was calling all the local pawn shops to make sure they would keep an eye out for it. I came through the door on such a call and she said 'I'm tired of dealing with this guy, he wants to talk to you'. And so I answered and he asked what type of Laptop it was, and I replied with Tadpole Sparcbook 2. He said he didn't recognize the brand and if it was Intel or a Mac, and I said neither, it is a Sparc, and he replied that all computers were either Intel or Mac, even if rebranded something else. He asked if it ran DOS or Mac, and I said "SunOS". He said he didn't want to know the application I run on it, but what comes up when I turn it on before running anything. Finally I said 'If something comes into your store that looks like a laptop but you don't know what the hell it exactly is, it's probably mine...
Evidently no one else knew enough to buy it either, and so when they caught the guy a year later, that was the only thing of ours they had not managed to offload. When I went to the police to reclaim it, I was fully prepared to go to lengths to show I knew the password, but they said 'just take it'. Then an officer asked me if that was a good brand of laptop and would I recommend it for their college aged kid....
Oh the nostalgia working on that brings me... SunOS 4.1.1... As an aside, anyone know where I could get a replacement battery, software updates, and/or the little scsi plug adapter for this sucker?
Also have a new iBook (for when I need battery or don't want to take forever to do anything), and bought my Fiancee a PC laptop (linux/WinXP dual boot).
I run into this all the time. I really think it underscores the huge misconception that companies have about commercial software. What's really frightening, is that the more expensive the product, the less willing the software company is to give free support, but rather require extraordinarily expensive support contracts or a gouging per-incident fee.
As an example, we encountered a bug in a mail server (well, more than a mail server, but for now) that bit us in the ass. Basically, it had crashed and contained data that caused it to crash on startup no matter what. Data it had generated itself as part of a fouled up routine. We called them up, since we paid an ungodly amount of cash for this package (against my protests) figuring they would give support, especially since it was their bug. The response? They would not do anything but send us to the sales department, for purchase of one phone incident ($300!) or a support contract.... And so while my company prepared to shell out (no time to argue, needed the mailserver, I frantically figured out a workaround and told them to forget it....
Same with hardware too. A network appliance broke under warranty that was rather vital to the company. They asked the local vendor to supply a replacement but the vendor said they would have a week turnaround if we didn't shell out $5,000 for renting equipment. I said 'give me an hour, and you'll have a free linux box to take its place'. And so I did, and it worked for that week until the replacement came. Then we stored the linux box for emergencies while I made a more fully functionaly linux router (i.e. not SmoothWall, a system with iptables and kernel 2.4).
Easy, manage bookmarks, go to the quicksearch section, select properties for google search and change 'google' to g. There you go. Poke around that subsection of the bookmarks for good samples for stuff that works with Phoenix and mozilla. Bookmarks are very very powerful...
If talking latency, your Satellite uplink penalty is far greater than the 1-2 milliseconds added by stronger crypto, so it wouldn't be noticed...
If talking bandwidth, having a relatively narrow pipe means even a wimpy processor can more than saturate the link even doing 3DES. AES is even better, secure *and* less intensive. AFAIK, 3DES consumes no more traffic than DES, just slightly larger, rarely exchanged keys.
Single DES is nearly completely pointless. It provides insufficient security. Relying on DES to protect data relies on some bad assumptions.
Ok, then why use IPSec at all, if you think the traffic is secure anyway? If your objective is not security, what does IPSec provide? It makes no sense to say you need IPsec, but the traffic is not going through an untrusted network unprotected.... That defies the purpose of IPSec...
Ummm, not so, I have not ever specified nexthop in any of my configuration. Same with route filtering, I leave it on, without consequence....
I've seen these complaints about the non-integration of FreeS/WAN before, but usually because people fail to understand the system. They make recommendations so you know exactly what is going on and give the ability to override certain settings just in case, but most of the time the extremely verbose ways of dealing with the parameters as recommended in many howtos is overkill, and could be omitted...
Not 100% due to the attitude more than anything else. They by default choose not to allow single DES to protect users/organizations from themselves. Tell me a legitimate reason why, with today's hardware, you need only single DES? It is really not that secure in this day and age? In any case, when I set up FreeS/WAN on a system, two sets of patches immediately go on, x509 cetificataes (ala http://www.strongsec.com), and cipher plugins (http://www.irrigacion.gov.ar/juanjo/ipsec/). I usually do AES when going to other patched FreeS/WAN, and use the enhanced 3DES from that suite when dealing with implementation lacking AES...
AES is truly the way to go. There are a number of aspects of FreeS/WAN where they felt things the standards required to be available were too weak to be secure. They are mostly compliant with the specs, but I agree with them that certain things really have no use in security except to make things easier on organizations like the NSA...
In 2000, I was working without a dress code, for a decent amount of money, not spectacular, but decent.
Then they close up shop, and I get a job within a week (lucky, at the time of hundreds of area IT workers getting laid off), but it involved a huge commute, less than half the pay, and to start, I have to spend two weeks pay to get clothes so they won't fire me. They refused to pay me on the level of others with these requirements but made great demands anyway. Within three months I found a new place and quit, and the new place now pays me nearly 4 times as much and has no dress code, except on days when customer's visit (maybe once every couple of months)....
How do you do it? All my attempts end with poor a/v sync. I would love to contribute to the disposal of the horrid container format known as.avi... Whether it be.mp4 or.divx or.ogg, I want a better container format to push.avi out,.avi is so dated and limited, to see it this entrenched as to appear in set top players is really disheartening. DVDs were a step forward, but locking into.avi is a huge step backward, considering the features offered by the other container formats...
My pipe dream is to have files which have selectable audio tracks and subtitle tracks, but I don't suppose there is enough market pressure to make that a reality (despite the technology *being* in the specifications).... oh well...
BTW, when you say 'the quality is really incredible', you seem to be implying the video looks better as.ogm. I'll take this time to point out that the video you are putting into it is likely DivX (am I wrong?) and therefore would look the same as an equivalent.avi, unless you mean you used the space savings of a lower bitrate Vorbis to help the video, but 64 kbps or so won't make too much of a differnce in video quality....
Since encoding using Vorbis for audio was mentioned in the article, anyone use Vorbis for their audio tracks? I've been ripping using.avi with mp3 audio for my DVD collection, and have wanted to use Vorbis one way or the other. When I tried to substitute vorbis audio into the avi instead of the 'throw away' mp3 track I generate (using mencoder), the result won't play under anything I've got. When I used ogmtools to try to merge the.ogg audio and.avi video into an ogg container, it plays, but doesn't keep a/v sync. I don't care about how few people can play it, so long as *I* can play it and have it look and sound good....
The ideal for me would be to have a single container with MPEG-4 video, Vorbis Audio, and, if at all possible, embedded subtitles in some form or fashion as a separate overlay track/text.... That can be produced in Linux...
I dunno, I've seen a good chunk of WMA audio tracks in DivX avi files to this day. The thing is, 'divx audio' sounds so enticing to people they select it, even if mp3 is an option, they mistakenly think that 'divx audio' works better with divx video simply because of the name.... At last, my PowerPC linux system will play them...
I presume this is a sign that.avi files with wma or ABR mp3 tracks, or maybe ac3 tracks are pretty much entrenched now in terms of market? First mp3 becomes entrenched and now this?.avi is a poor container format (vbr prohibited, for example). DivX is decent, but not really a 'standard'. It may be MPEG-4 compatible/complete (I have no idea), but the FourCC code on those files is 'DIVX', and that represents a non-standard approach. Of course, the FourCC is only relevant in.avi and something easily faked in alternative encoders, but it just irks me...
And CBR mp3 audio... ick... maybe it replicates the bug and plays VBR mp3 audio, but still, doesn't mp3 only support two channels?
I would love to see the proliferation of something much more elegant. Say 'MPG4' FourCC (if you must)..Ogg container over.avi, or quicktime, or, best yet, the official standard container format of MPEG-4 (which, if not identical, is highly similar to quicktime 6 and/or the.divx format (does anyone use that at all?). Was there an audio MPEG-4 codec to go with the video and container, or would Vorbis audio be the best option?
One, I assume you meant 500x300, otherwise that is one strange, skinny video.
For another, I generally rip my videos at 640x480 at a relatively high bitrate for DivX. That can feed perfectly 480p. Of course, I prefer a system that does XGA computer resolution and have the display scaled with nice interpolation, so it doesn't look pixelated. Looks really nice in the end.
Compressing DivX files.... My AthlonXP 1700+ can encode a 25 minute DVD clip into avi in about 23 minutes (if I use mencoder/lavc). Given enough tweaking, a box could do realtime capture and encoding to DivX...
What, you got roadrunner service and paid for them to do their 'installation'. All I ever did (3 times), is have them come, hook up the cable, call in the mac address, and watch the lights go solid. Then they leave, without ever touching the computer. Cheaper and more useful, no spyware.... Self installation only requires that you set up your computer to get an IP through DHCP, that's it..
Well, other things aside, they may be thin enough to not cause a bump problem, but making the sidewalk a slicker surface might be an issue, especially if one wheel of a chair is on a surface with a different friction coefficient than the other wheel...
But this is a wild stab at rational, the stickers may be non-trivially thin, or there could be other reasons. The point is when certain areas are engineered for accessability, people shouldn't mess with them, and it is even more unacceptable for a company to be this irresponsible. They don't find it acceptable for people to do spraypainting, SF fined IBM for the peace, love, linux grafitti, and even with all these precedents, MS goes out and marks everything in sight.... AOL carpetbombs the US with CDs, now MS bombards the US with butterflies (since MSN ships with Windows already, a CD is rather pointless).
Bleh, all this waste, even in the 'do-it-yourself' section.
Without spending nearly so much, especially in a smaller home, you can get a lot. The key thing here is they suggest buying lots of small, dedicated pieces of equipment, and only two computers, and not even fully utilizing them!
Take that 'dedicated server' and make it a bit beefier. I built a fairly cheap (~1100 USD) server with 4 120 GB drives in RAID-5 config about a year ago. Up that a bit and your server can hold oggs and video like crazy, are even go FLAC if you are extreme audiophile. Put it next to your Entertainment system, and it can do PVR/Video/Progressive Scan functions. Eliminate the need for a lot of things. Run your internet connection through it, no more need for a separate router. Buy a cheaper USB wireless adapter and make it an Access Point with more control (why settle for mere WEP, when you can enforce IPSEC?). With all this functionality, a decent soundcard can dump anything you want to any receiver, so a lot of the digital-to-stereo equipment goes bye-bye. If concerned about control, buy a cheap-o lirc-compatible device.
The display is pretty decent, though I would think an entry-level projector might offer a better deal. The home automation stuff I have no experience with, though I would opt for an IP based camera and have my computer doing motion sensing when I leave the house (sending shots via VPN to a friends house in case the system is stolen).
The network solutions they suggest seem to hover around 11 mbps, same rate as wireless, why bother? If you want better than that, wire your house with some cat5 or better cable. 100 mbps is much more livable for streaming video than 11, and if you are really big on it, gigabit is *doable* at great expense.
Why would any house need a *rack* of servers? My household has a laptop per person, a desktop per person, and a single server handling routing/nfs/samba/apache/icecast/etc.... I plan to add one system to do multimedia stuff in the entertainment system, but that's it. The laptops+desktops are extravagant, but nice...
Re:Pardon my stupidity...
on
Airborne Mouse
·
· Score: 2
Gyroscopic operation requires a button be held down, otherwise, it ignores the gyroscopic input.
Slashdot Mirror
Too bad udp ports aren't forwarded by ssh....
The real solution, of course, would be something like IPSec....
1) Why did they need a videowall in the first place? What is the point?
2) Why use a video wall, when a Projector would be much more clean and efficient? Even if the ambient light was high or the didn't want people blocking the path, they could rig things so the projector is behind the screen in a dark room. Lack of throw area can be compensated for through use of mirrors to reflect the path....
Which is a really dumb policy to have. I was asked to do something similar (except at the firewall level). I put a rather weak block that can easily be circumvented. Why? Because it helps morale and can improve productivity. When the only way to reach me is my phone, I get calls. And these calls force me to drop everything to focus, highly intrusive.... E-mail is insufficient, while technically fast, in practice it is not a very active form of communication. ..
What were the odds of that?
.
.
.
Ok, really bad, I know....
Not so uncommon anymore, for various reasons, a large number of three button touchpad equipped laptops are available.
Thinkpads, for example have three buttons. Some HPs do as well. Some others I'm sure, but I haven't dealt with them...
I, on the other hand, have a one-button touchpad.... My optical 5-button,2 wheel mouse compensates though (not bad for 12 bucks...)
I got a Tadpole Sparcbook 2 from work. About a month later, my apartment was broken into and it, among other things was stolen. So my girlfriend was calling all the local pawn shops to make sure they would keep an eye out for it. I came through the door on such a call and she said 'I'm tired of dealing with this guy, he wants to talk to you'. And so I answered and he asked what type of Laptop it was, and I replied with Tadpole Sparcbook 2. He said he didn't recognize the brand and if it was Intel or a Mac, and I said neither, it is a Sparc, and he replied that all computers were either Intel or Mac, even if rebranded something else. He asked if it ran DOS or Mac, and I said "SunOS". He said he didn't want to know the application I run on it, but what comes up when I turn it on before running anything. Finally I said 'If something comes into your store that looks like a laptop but you don't know what the hell it exactly is, it's probably mine...
Evidently no one else knew enough to buy it either, and so when they caught the guy a year later, that was the only thing of ours they had not managed to offload. When I went to the police to reclaim it, I was fully prepared to go to lengths to show I knew the password, but they said 'just take it'. Then an officer asked me if that was a good brand of laptop and would I recommend it for their college aged kid....
Oh the nostalgia working on that brings me... SunOS 4.1.1... As an aside, anyone know where I could get a replacement battery, software updates, and/or the little scsi plug adapter for this sucker?
Also have a new iBook (for when I need battery or don't want to take forever to do anything), and bought my Fiancee a PC laptop (linux/WinXP dual boot).
I run into this all the time. I really think it underscores the huge misconception that companies have about commercial software. What's really frightening, is that the more expensive the product, the less willing the software company is to give free support, but rather require extraordinarily expensive support contracts or a gouging per-incident fee.
As an example, we encountered a bug in a mail server (well, more than a mail server, but for now) that bit us in the ass. Basically, it had crashed and contained data that caused it to crash on startup no matter what. Data it had generated itself as part of a fouled up routine. We called them up, since we paid an ungodly amount of cash for this package (against my protests) figuring they would give support, especially since it was their bug. The response? They would not do anything but send us to the sales department, for purchase of one phone incident ($300!) or a support contract.... And so while my company prepared to shell out (no time to argue, needed the mailserver, I frantically figured out a workaround and told them to forget it....
Same with hardware too. A network appliance broke under warranty that was rather vital to the company. They asked the local vendor to supply a replacement but the vendor said they would have a week turnaround if we didn't shell out $5,000 for renting equipment. I said 'give me an hour, and you'll have a free linux box to take its place'. And so I did, and it worked for that week until the replacement came. Then we stored the linux box for emergencies while I made a more fully functionaly linux router (i.e. not SmoothWall, a system with iptables and kernel 2.4).
Easy, manage bookmarks, go to the quicksearch section, select properties for google search and change 'google' to g. There you go. Poke around that subsection of the bookmarks for good samples for stuff that works with Phoenix and mozilla. Bookmarks are very very powerful...
That seems to defy logic.
If talking latency, your Satellite uplink penalty is far greater than the 1-2 milliseconds added by stronger crypto, so it wouldn't be noticed...
If talking bandwidth, having a relatively narrow pipe means even a wimpy processor can more than saturate the link even doing 3DES. AES is even better, secure *and* less intensive. AFAIK, 3DES consumes no more traffic than DES, just slightly larger, rarely exchanged keys.
Single DES is nearly completely pointless. It provides insufficient security. Relying on DES to protect data relies on some bad assumptions.
Ok, then why use IPSec at all, if you think the traffic is secure anyway? If your objective is not security, what does IPSec provide? It makes no sense to say you need IPsec, but the traffic is not going through an untrusted network unprotected.... That defies the purpose of IPSec...
Ummm, not so, I have not ever specified nexthop in any of my configuration. Same with route filtering, I leave it on, without consequence....
I've seen these complaints about the non-integration of FreeS/WAN before, but usually because people fail to understand the system. They make recommendations so you know exactly what is going on and give the ability to override certain settings just in case, but most of the time the extremely verbose ways of dealing with the parameters as recommended in many howtos is overkill, and could be omitted...
Not 100% due to the attitude more than anything else. They by default choose not to allow single DES to protect users/organizations from themselves. Tell me a legitimate reason why, with today's hardware, you need only single DES? It is really not that secure in this day and age? In any case, when I set up FreeS/WAN on a system, two sets of patches immediately go on, x509 cetificataes (ala http://www.strongsec.com), and cipher plugins (http://www.irrigacion.gov.ar/juanjo/ipsec/). I usually do AES when going to other patched FreeS/WAN, and use the enhanced 3DES from that suite when dealing with implementation lacking AES...
AES is truly the way to go. There are a number of aspects of FreeS/WAN where they felt things the standards required to be available were too weak to be secure. They are mostly compliant with the specs, but I agree with them that certain things really have no use in security except to make things easier on organizations like the NSA...
Hehe, I have a *7* digit ICQ # beginning with 1, so ha!
Guess I'll try the windows approach, dvdrip alpha's seem to have support for ogm, but the sync was bad....... Hate to reboot, but oh well...
In 2000, I was working without a dress code, for a decent amount of money, not spectacular, but decent.
Then they close up shop, and I get a job within a week (lucky, at the time of hundreds of area IT workers getting laid off), but it involved a huge commute, less than half the pay, and to start, I have to spend two weeks pay to get clothes so they won't fire me. They refused to pay me on the level of others with these requirements but made great demands anyway. Within three months I found a new place and quit, and the new place now pays me nearly 4 times as much and has no dress code, except on days when customer's visit (maybe once every couple of months)....
How do you do it? All my attempts end with poor a/v sync. I would love to contribute to the disposal of the horrid container format known as .avi... Whether it be .mp4 or .divx or .ogg, I want a better container format to push .avi out, .avi is so dated and limited, to see it this entrenched as to appear in set top players is really disheartening. DVDs were a step forward, but locking into .avi is a huge step backward, considering the features offered by the other container formats...
.ogm. I'll take this time to point out that the video you are putting into it is likely DivX (am I wrong?) and therefore would look the same as an equivalent .avi, unless you mean you used the space savings of a lower bitrate Vorbis to help the video, but 64 kbps or so won't make too much of a differnce in video quality....
My pipe dream is to have files which have selectable audio tracks and subtitle tracks, but I don't suppose there is enough market pressure to make that a reality (despite the technology *being* in the specifications).... oh well...
BTW, when you say 'the quality is really incredible', you seem to be implying the video looks better as
Since encoding using Vorbis for audio was mentioned in the article, anyone use Vorbis for their audio tracks? I've been ripping using .avi with mp3 audio for my DVD collection, and have wanted to use Vorbis one way or the other. When I tried to substitute vorbis audio into the avi instead of the 'throw away' mp3 track I generate (using mencoder), the result won't play under anything I've got. When I used ogmtools to try to merge the .ogg audio and .avi video into an ogg container, it plays, but doesn't keep a/v sync. I don't care about how few people can play it, so long as *I* can play it and have it look and sound good....
The ideal for me would be to have a single container with MPEG-4 video, Vorbis Audio, and, if at all possible, embedded subtitles in some form or fashion as a separate overlay track/text.... That can be produced in Linux...
I dunno, I've seen a good chunk of WMA audio tracks in DivX avi files to this day. The thing is, 'divx audio' sounds so enticing to people they select it, even if mp3 is an option, they mistakenly think that 'divx audio' works better with divx video simply because of the name.... At last, my PowerPC linux system will play them...
Posted to wrong article, mod me into oblivion...
I presume this is a sign that .avi files with wma or ABR mp3 tracks, or maybe ac3 tracks are pretty much entrenched now in terms of market? First mp3 becomes entrenched and now this? .avi is a poor container format (vbr prohibited, for example). DivX is decent, but not really a 'standard'. It may be MPEG-4 compatible/complete (I have no idea), but the FourCC code on those files is 'DIVX', and that represents a non-standard approach. Of course, the FourCC is only relevant in .avi and something easily faked in alternative encoders, but it just irks me...
.Ogg container over .avi, or quicktime, or, best yet, the official standard container format of MPEG-4 (which, if not identical, is highly similar to quicktime 6 and/or the .divx format (does anyone use that at all?). Was there an audio MPEG-4 codec to go with the video and container, or would Vorbis audio be the best option?
And CBR mp3 audio... ick... maybe it replicates the bug and plays VBR mp3 audio, but still, doesn't mp3 only support two channels?
I would love to see the proliferation of something much more elegant. Say 'MPG4' FourCC (if you must).
You might be extraordinarily surprised.
One, I assume you meant 500x300, otherwise that is one strange, skinny video.
For another, I generally rip my videos at 640x480 at a relatively high bitrate for DivX. That can feed perfectly 480p. Of course, I prefer a system that does XGA computer resolution and have the display scaled with nice interpolation, so it doesn't look pixelated. Looks really nice in the end.
Compressing DivX files.... My AthlonXP 1700+ can encode a 25 minute DVD clip into avi in about 23 minutes (if I use mencoder/lavc). Given enough tweaking, a box could do realtime capture and encoding to DivX...
What, you got roadrunner service and paid for them to do their 'installation'. All I ever did (3 times), is have them come, hook up the cable, call in the mac address, and watch the lights go solid. Then they leave, without ever touching the computer. Cheaper and more useful, no spyware.... Self installation only requires that you set up your computer to get an IP through DHCP, that's it..
Well, other things aside, they may be thin enough to not cause a bump problem, but making the sidewalk a slicker surface might be an issue, especially if one wheel of a chair is on a surface with a different friction coefficient than the other wheel...
But this is a wild stab at rational, the stickers may be non-trivially thin, or there could be other reasons. The point is when certain areas are engineered for accessability, people shouldn't mess with them, and it is even more unacceptable for a company to be this irresponsible. They don't find it acceptable for people to do spraypainting, SF fined IBM for the peace, love, linux grafitti, and even with all these precedents, MS goes out and marks everything in sight.... AOL carpetbombs the US with CDs, now MS bombards the US with butterflies (since MSN ships with Windows already, a CD is rather pointless).
Bleh, all this waste, even in the 'do-it-yourself' section.
Without spending nearly so much, especially in a smaller home, you can get a lot. The key thing here is they suggest buying lots of small, dedicated pieces of equipment, and only two computers, and not even fully utilizing them!
Take that 'dedicated server' and make it a bit beefier. I built a fairly cheap (~1100 USD) server with 4 120 GB drives in RAID-5 config about a year ago. Up that a bit and your server can hold oggs and video like crazy, are even go FLAC if you are extreme audiophile. Put it next to your Entertainment system, and it can do PVR/Video/Progressive Scan functions. Eliminate the need for a lot of things. Run your internet connection through it, no more need for a separate router. Buy a cheaper USB wireless adapter and make it an Access Point with more control (why settle for mere WEP, when you can enforce IPSEC?). With all this functionality, a decent soundcard can dump anything you want to any receiver, so a lot of the digital-to-stereo equipment goes bye-bye. If concerned about control, buy a cheap-o lirc-compatible device.
The display is pretty decent, though I would think an entry-level projector might offer a better deal. The home automation stuff I have no experience with, though I would opt for an IP based camera and have my computer doing motion sensing when I leave the house (sending shots via VPN to a friends house in case the system is stolen).
The network solutions they suggest seem to hover around 11 mbps, same rate as wireless, why bother? If you want better than that, wire your house with some cat5 or better cable. 100 mbps is much more livable for streaming video than 11, and if you are really big on it, gigabit is *doable* at great expense.
Why would any house need a *rack* of servers? My household has a laptop per person, a desktop per person, and a single server handling routing/nfs/samba/apache/icecast/etc.... I plan to add one system to do multimedia stuff in the entertainment system, but that's it. The laptops+desktops are extravagant, but nice...
Gyroscopic operation requires a button be held down, otherwise, it ignores the gyroscopic input.