That's because they're short, simple molecules, already in a 'relaxed' state. When you autoclave (boil) an egg, the proteins in the egg 'denature', they unfold to a more relaxed state. When you autoclave a boiled egg, the proteins don't denature any further. If you want to destroy the proteins in a boiled egg further, you'll have to turn up the heat far enough for the proteins to start to burn. At these temperatures, the equipment you are trying to sterilize in your autoclave will melt or burn.
I once managed to melt my lab setup when I didn't add enough water to the autoclave... It formed a nice little plastic ball with bits of glass and rubber tubes sticking out of it. I'm sure any remaining protein residue was gone though:)
In my opinion, viruses have more in common with computer viruses than with life. They're not life, they're escaped pieces of 'code' that force a host to replicate and spread it.
The process of selection has made some of these viruses more complex than the original fragment of RNA or DNA code, but they could not exist without life any more than computer viruses could exist without computers.
These prions are single molecules that have a harmful effect on the host. I believe the word 'toxin' is a better description.
Prions don't self replicate, it's a substance that catalyzes (speeds up) the reaction of refolding an existing protein into another shape, not the formation of a protein out of other substances. If it catalyzed a different kind of reaction, you'd call it a toxic enzyme, not something on the continuum of life.
There are places in the world where people built towns right on top of an active volcano. These people all had their reasons for this, they probably didn't have much choice. It would however be pretty rare for these people to be very smug about living on a volcano, and think their living on a volcano makes them somehow very clever and brave, and vastly superior to other people who had the misfortune of being killed or displaced by a volcanic eruption.
There is exactly one place in the world where people are smug about living below sea level right by the coast, where people feel the need to express a smug contempt for casualties of floods and hurricanes in other part of the world.
FYI the storm of 1953 was considerably less powerful than a category 1 tropical hurricane, let alone a cat 3 like Katrina.
Wow, I must not be living in the Netherlands then according to you...
- in 2007 42.89% of the working people was female - the educational system in the Netherlands is a hell of a lot more fair to everyone, even for people with not a lot of money. - legally they are not required to close the shop, they are legally required to give the employees a day of on holidays but it's not necessarily have to be on the exact day (so it's not a religious thing per se, but a right to have the day of, same rights go to the non christian religious holidays...)
You are wrong on all counts.
70% of women with a job work part time, meaning less than 20 hrs a week. The percentage of women among high positions in business or research is lower than in Turkey and Pakistan (fact)
Education may or may not be fair, but the job market certainly isn't.
The law is as follows: Artikel 2
1. Het is verboden een winkel voor het publiek geopend te hebben:
a. op zondag;
b. op Nieuwjaarsdag, op Goede Vrijdag na 19 uur, op tweede Paasdag, op Hemelvaartsdag, op tweede Pinksterdag, op 24 december na 19 uur, op eerste en tweede Kerstdag en op 4 mei na 19 uur;
c. op werkdagen voor 6 uur en na 22 uur.
Meaning: it is illegal to open a store to the public on sundays, new years day, 7 different christian holidays, any day before 6 am or after 10 pm.
And seriously, are you actually saying that there's ONE American culture and ONE Dutch culture? Which clash incompatibly? There are *American* cultures that are basically incompatible with each other.
I'm sure penguins all look unique and different to each other too. Have you looked at the map? The country is about the size of Chicago.
The Netherlands doesn't have some kind of alien culture that's completely inaccessible to people from elsewhere.
That's not what the vast majority of immigrants living there will tell you.
- Women are expected not to have a career - Dark skinned people might as well not bother getting an education - Shops are legally required to close on Sundays and religious (Christian) holidays - Bars close at midnight - Individuality and personal freedom does not exist. There are actually laws forcing people to speak Dutch and all live their lives in the exact same way.
The Netherlands is in many ways an extremely conservative and xenophobic country filled with people who think they're extremely liberal and open minded. Dutch culture is essentially the opposite of American culture in the aspects that matter most.
- 50% more annual rainfall than London - Women are expected not to have a career - A dark skinned person in a business suit gets funny stares - Yesterday was the first sunny day this summer
Anyone who reads that book you shamelessly promoted here will assume the authors are joking. It can't possibly really be like that, or can it?
You are delusional. Outside Amsterdam, Dutch culture is not way to the left politically speaking, but extremely conservative with a nasty xenophobic edge.
Imagine the polite and friendly attitude of New York combined with the open mindedness and cosmopolitan world view of rural Kansas.
People may be able to give you directions in English, but they find it funny to send foreigners the wrong way. Immer gerade aus, ha ha. Companies (banks!) and especially the authorities will only deal with you in Dutch.
If you had actually read that website you are shamelessly plugging here, you would know that an American should think twice before considering a move to the Netherlands. An American can't live there, the cultures are completely incompatible. Of the thousands of Americans living there, every single one hates the country with a passion. If you claim you liked it, you're either a Dutch person posing as an American, or you haven't been there in a very long time and you are just nostalgic for your youth.
If you had actually read that website you are shamelessly plugging here, you would know that an American should think twice, thrice, a hundred times before considering a move to the Netherlands.
Every single American living there hates the country with a passion and is counting the days until they can leave again.
If you had actually read that website you promote here, you'd know that the Netherlands should be the very last choice on your list. An American can't live there, the cultures are completely incompatible.
It is considered normal for some people to hate Microsoft, the PC, Budweiser, France or Hollywood, but...... if someone hates Apple, a moral panic breaks out among its disciples. A call to arms is cried from the towers and the torches are lit to defend the faith by flame.
It's just a brand of gadgets ffs! Your mother wasn't insulted, your religion wasn't oppressed. Save your energies for a fight that really matters, such as flaming people who don't like starbucks or adidas.
American culture has a dull and relatively uneventful history of conspiracies, but a long and rich history of angry loners trying to kill public figures.
Oddly enough, people always suspect conspiracies whenever something bad happens and rarely seem to find the angry loner theory plausible.
But which historic borders? Every sufficiently old country has had different borders at different periods.
The country of my own ethnicity has been much larger than it is now, much smaller than it is now, a province of another country, dominion of yet another country independent again, and not always in exactly the same location.
Because more often than not those eastern countries maintained their borders solely by force of arms. Practically since inception, Yugoslavia had been a state dominated by Serbian people and Serbian interests, with the ruling Serbian elite viewing the other nationalities as racially inferior, imposing Serbian language, customs and religion on the rest. The eventual ethnic cleansing campaign initiated by Belgrade in the 1990's as Serbian power over the state waned is a pretty good indication of how Serbians felt about their "fellow" Yugoslavs.
Your facts seem to come from a parallel universe... Tito was a Croat, and under his 40 year rule it was practically forbidden to call oneself Serb. Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian people are of the same race and speak the same language. To an outsider they're completely indistinguishable, and I personally never understood what the fuss was about, but that's up to them, not us. Ethnic cleansing is something all sides are guilty of. All ethnic Serbs have been forcibly removed from Croatia and Kosovo for example.
I just remarked that drawing and recognizing borders with complete disregard for the actual people living there, has always led to trouble in the past. The choices as to whom to support also seem rather arbitrary. Kosovo seceding from Serbia is good, needs to be recognized right away, with the borders as chosen by the seceding party, and backed by military force from a super power, while South Ossetia and Abkhazia seceding from a former Soviet republic is bad, and when it's backed by military force from a super power, it's super bad.
What would happen if Virginia tried to secede, claiming the historic borders of the Virginia colony? What if say, France, were to recognize its independence and borders? I think we'd tell them to mind their own fucking business, send the army to suppress the secession and nuke France if they'd even consider interfering.
And yet, after the Dayton Accords, Bosnia and Herzegovina still has the same borders. Funny how, after the UN stopped the Belgrade government from pouring in propaganda, men and materiel, the Serbs in B&H discovered that they could live just fine under a new federal arrangement.
The country is de facto divided into three ethnically cleansed parts that largely ignore each other today.
Because it's not possible to be ethnically Russian and not want to be a part of the sacred motherland? There's a whole bunch of ethnic Russians in Brooklyn, does this mean that Moscow would be justified in sending troops to Long Island to "look out for their interests?"
An American with a Russian surname living in Brooklyn isn't an ethnic Russian but an American. It's completely incomparable. The difference between feeling Irish or Italian is not remotely like the difference between feeling Irish- or Italian-American.
A third party, whose interests are hardly neutral, pouring in large helpings of military force into the region, is historically how problems like this are made worse, not ended.
Except in Bosnia, where a third party whose interests were hardly neutral poured in large helpings of military force, and ended the conflict?
But this ignores the centuries of wars and ethnic campaigns that started it all. The Ukrainians never asked to be Russian, the Serbs never asked to be Austrian, and the Greeks never asked to be Ottomans. But in each case, an ethno-imperial power felt they were more than justified to march in, displace the government, marginalize the locals, suppress the local tongue and the like.
Are you now supporting my argument that perhaps when foreign powers decide for other peoples where their borders ought to be, and that the city of their ancestors should now switch from being Polish to being Russian (replace with any two other nations where applicable) is bound to lead to less than amicable
In 1991, when Georgia seceeded from the soviet union, a civil war followed in which these two provinces separated themselves from Georgia.
Historically, when a province or state seceeded from another country, there has rarely been unanimous agreement as to exactly where the new border should be. Take as an example a certain secession attempt in the western hemisphere in 1861.
Quite often the province borders aren't drawn along ethnic lines, sometimes they're even completely arbitrary. For example the borders between Croatia and Serbia and Bosnia were the one time border between the Austrian and Turkish empires.
In the last two decades, a number of provinces have seceeded from larger eastern european countries, and every time the international community ("the west") was quick to recognize the independence, and the new borders exactly as the breakaway province claimed them, disregarding any claim by the other side as imperialism.
The war in Bosnia for example was a result, as a large chunk of the new country felt more Serbian than Bosnian, and attempted to break away from Bosnia by military means.
More such conflicts (and probably wars) are almost certain, as about 15 million Russians live in former Soviet republics (up to 30% of the population in some), many of whom presumably would prefer to be part of Russia.
The same situation took place in the countries of the present EU as nation states took form in the 19th century, which was followed by about 100 years of terrible wars, and ultimately settled by ethnic cleansing and assimilation politics on a massive scale. (15 million ethnic Germans were deported from central and eastern Europe after WW2, for example, forever ending any German territorial claims)
Slashdot Mirror
That's because they're short, simple molecules, already in a 'relaxed' state. When you autoclave (boil) an egg, the proteins in the egg 'denature', they unfold to a more relaxed state. When you autoclave a boiled egg, the proteins don't denature any further. If you want to destroy the proteins in a boiled egg further, you'll have to turn up the heat far enough for the proteins to start to burn. At these temperatures, the equipment you are trying to sterilize in your autoclave will melt or burn.
I once managed to melt my lab setup when I didn't add enough water to the autoclave... It formed a nice little plastic ball with bits of glass and rubber tubes sticking out of it. I'm sure any remaining protein residue was gone though :)
I guess that makes us part of a botnet when we're sick
In my opinion, viruses have more in common with computer viruses than with life. They're not life, they're escaped pieces of 'code' that force a host to replicate and spread it.
The process of selection has made some of these viruses more complex than the original fragment of RNA or DNA code, but they could not exist without life any more than computer viruses could exist without computers.
These prions are single molecules that have a harmful effect on the host. I believe the word 'toxin' is a better description.
Prions don't self replicate, it's a substance that catalyzes (speeds up) the reaction of refolding an existing protein into another shape, not the formation of a protein out of other substances. If it catalyzed a different kind of reaction, you'd call it a toxic enzyme, not something on the continuum of life.
Go for the cheapest CPU, and upgrade in 6months to something twice as fast.
I'll bet you didn't get a socket 939 board
Have you ever set foot outside of Amsterdam during your stay in that country?
They make exceptions for the 'touristy' areas,. Keeping up the appearance, lest the rest of the world finds out how modern this place really is.
There are places in the world where people built towns right on top of an active volcano. These people all had their reasons for this, they probably didn't have much choice. It would however be pretty rare for these people to be very smug about living on a volcano, and think their living on a volcano makes them somehow very clever and brave, and vastly superior to other people who had the misfortune of being killed or displaced by a volcanic eruption.
There is exactly one place in the world where people are smug about living below sea level right by the coast, where people feel the need to express a smug contempt for casualties of floods and hurricanes in other part of the world.
FYI the storm of 1953 was considerably less powerful than a category 1 tropical hurricane, let alone a cat 3 like Katrina.
Wow, I must not be living in the Netherlands then according to you...
- in 2007 42.89% of the working people was female
- the educational system in the Netherlands is a hell of a lot more fair to everyone, even for people with not a lot of money.
- legally they are not required to close the shop, they are legally required to give the employees a day of on holidays but it's not necessarily have to be on the exact day (so it's not a religious thing per se, but a right to have the day of, same rights go to the non christian religious holidays...)
You are wrong on all counts.
70% of women with a job work part time, meaning less than 20 hrs a week. The percentage of women among high positions in business or research is lower than in Turkey and Pakistan (fact)
Education may or may not be fair, but the job market certainly isn't.
The law is as follows:
Artikel 2
1. Het is verboden een winkel voor het publiek geopend te hebben:
a. op zondag;
b. op Nieuwjaarsdag, op Goede Vrijdag na 19 uur, op tweede Paasdag, op Hemelvaartsdag, op tweede Pinksterdag, op 24 december na 19 uur, op eerste en tweede Kerstdag en op 4 mei na 19 uur;
c. op werkdagen voor 6 uur en na 22 uur.
Meaning: it is illegal to open a store to the public on sundays, new years day, 7 different christian holidays, any day before 6 am or after 10 pm.
Have you ever been in the Netherlands?
And seriously, are you actually saying that there's ONE American culture and ONE Dutch culture? Which clash incompatibly? There are *American* cultures that are basically incompatible with each other.
I'm sure penguins all look unique and different to each other too. Have you looked at the map? The country is about the size of Chicago.
The Netherlands doesn't have some kind of alien culture that's completely inaccessible to people from elsewhere.
That's not what the vast majority of immigrants living there will tell you.
- Women are expected not to have a career
- Dark skinned people might as well not bother getting an education
- Shops are legally required to close on Sundays and religious (Christian) holidays
- Bars close at midnight
- Individuality and personal freedom does not exist. There are actually laws forcing people to speak Dutch and all live their lives in the exact same way.
The Netherlands is in many ways an extremely conservative and xenophobic country filled with people who think they're extremely liberal and open minded. Dutch culture is essentially the opposite of American culture in the aspects that matter most.
- 50% more annual rainfall than London
- Women are expected not to have a career
- A dark skinned person in a business suit gets funny stares
- Yesterday was the first sunny day this summer
Anyone who reads that book you shamelessly promoted here will assume the authors are joking. It can't possibly really be like that, or can it?
You are delusional. Outside Amsterdam, Dutch culture is not way to the left politically speaking, but extremely conservative with a nasty xenophobic edge.
Imagine the polite and friendly attitude of New York combined with the open mindedness and cosmopolitan world view of rural Kansas.
People may be able to give you directions in English, but they find it funny to send foreigners the wrong way. Immer gerade aus, ha ha. Companies (banks!) and especially the authorities will only deal with you in Dutch.
If you had actually read that website you are shamelessly plugging here, you would know that an American should think twice before considering a move to the Netherlands. An American can't live there, the cultures are completely incompatible. Of the thousands of Americans living there, every single one hates the country with a passion. If you claim you liked it, you're either a Dutch person posing as an American, or you haven't been there in a very long time and you are just nostalgic for your youth.
If you had actually read that website you are shamelessly plugging here, you would know that an American should think twice, thrice, a hundred times before considering a move to the Netherlands.
Every single American living there hates the country with a passion and is counting the days until they can leave again.
If you had actually read that website you promote here, you'd know that the Netherlands should be the very last choice on your list. An American can't live there, the cultures are completely incompatible.
Oh, and everybody does not speak English in NL.
The guy murdered his wife, the mother of his children, and all you can think about is the code he writes.
I will certainly never use any of his code again, or ever work for a company that does.
They took our jobs!!!
Everyone on the pile!
You post a disclaimer out of fear?
It is considered normal for some people to hate Microsoft, the PC, Budweiser, France or Hollywood, but... ... if someone hates Apple, a moral panic breaks out among its disciples. A call to arms is cried from the towers and the torches are lit to defend the faith by flame.
It's just a brand of gadgets ffs! Your mother wasn't insulted, your religion wasn't oppressed. Save your energies for a fight that really matters, such as flaming people who don't like starbucks or adidas.
Funny that.
American culture has a dull and relatively uneventful history of conspiracies, but a long and rich history of angry loners trying to kill public figures.
Oddly enough, people always suspect conspiracies whenever something bad happens and rarely seem to find the angry loner theory plausible.
But which historic borders? Every sufficiently old country has had different borders at different periods.
The country of my own ethnicity has been much larger than it is now, much smaller than it is now, a province of another country, dominion of yet another country independent again, and not always in exactly the same location.
Because more often than not those eastern countries maintained their borders solely by force of arms. Practically since inception, Yugoslavia had been a state dominated by Serbian people and Serbian interests, with the ruling Serbian elite viewing the other nationalities as racially inferior, imposing Serbian language, customs and religion on the rest. The eventual ethnic cleansing campaign initiated by Belgrade in the 1990's as Serbian power over the state waned is a pretty good indication of how Serbians felt about their "fellow" Yugoslavs.
Your facts seem to come from a parallel universe...
Tito was a Croat, and under his 40 year rule it was practically forbidden to call oneself Serb. Serbian, Croatian and Bosnian people are of the same race and speak the same language. To an outsider they're completely indistinguishable, and I personally never understood what the fuss was about, but that's up to them, not us. Ethnic cleansing is something all sides are guilty of. All ethnic Serbs have been forcibly removed from Croatia and Kosovo for example.
I just remarked that drawing and recognizing borders with complete disregard for the actual people living there, has always led to trouble in the past. The choices as to whom to support also seem rather arbitrary. Kosovo seceding from Serbia is good, needs to be recognized right away, with the borders as chosen by the seceding party, and backed by military force from a super power, while South Ossetia and Abkhazia seceding from a former Soviet republic is bad, and when it's backed by military force from a super power, it's super bad.
What would happen if Virginia tried to secede, claiming the historic borders of the Virginia colony? What if say, France, were to recognize its independence and borders? I think we'd tell them to mind their own fucking business, send the army to suppress the secession and nuke France if they'd even consider interfering.
And yet, after the Dayton Accords, Bosnia and Herzegovina still has the same borders. Funny how, after the UN stopped the Belgrade government from pouring in propaganda, men and materiel, the Serbs in B&H discovered that they could live just fine under a new federal arrangement.
The country is de facto divided into three ethnically cleansed parts that largely ignore each other today.
Because it's not possible to be ethnically Russian and not want to be a part of the sacred motherland? There's a whole bunch of ethnic Russians in Brooklyn, does this mean that Moscow would be justified in sending troops to Long Island to "look out for their interests?"
An American with a Russian surname living in Brooklyn isn't an ethnic Russian but an American. It's completely incomparable. The difference between feeling Irish or Italian is not remotely like the difference between feeling Irish- or Italian-American.
A third party, whose interests are hardly neutral, pouring in large helpings of military force into the region, is historically how problems like this are made worse, not ended.
Except in Bosnia, where a third party whose interests were hardly neutral poured in large helpings of military force, and ended the conflict?
But this ignores the centuries of wars and ethnic campaigns that started it all. The Ukrainians never asked to be Russian, the Serbs never asked to be Austrian, and the Greeks never asked to be Ottomans. But in each case, an ethno-imperial power felt they were more than justified to march in, displace the government, marginalize the locals, suppress the local tongue and the like.
Are you now supporting my argument that perhaps when foreign powers decide for other peoples where their borders ought to be, and that the city of their ancestors should now switch from being Polish to being Russian (replace with any two other nations where applicable) is bound to lead to less than amicable
The daily mail is the UK equivalent of Fox news by the way
In 1991, when Georgia seceeded from the soviet union, a civil war followed in which these two provinces separated themselves from Georgia.
Historically, when a province or state seceeded from another country, there has rarely been unanimous agreement as to exactly where the new border should be. Take as an example a certain secession attempt in the western hemisphere in 1861.
Quite often the province borders aren't drawn along ethnic lines, sometimes they're even completely arbitrary. For example the borders between Croatia and Serbia and Bosnia were the one time border between the Austrian and Turkish empires.
In the last two decades, a number of provinces have seceeded from larger eastern european countries, and every time the international community ("the west") was quick to recognize the independence, and the new borders exactly as the breakaway province claimed them, disregarding any claim by the other side as imperialism.
The war in Bosnia for example was a result, as a large chunk of the new country felt more Serbian than Bosnian, and attempted to break away from Bosnia by military means.
More such conflicts (and probably wars) are almost certain, as about 15 million Russians live in former Soviet republics (up to 30% of the population in some), many of whom presumably would prefer to be part of Russia.
The same situation took place in the countries of the present EU as nation states took form in the 19th century, which was followed by about 100 years of terrible wars, and ultimately settled by ethnic cleansing and assimilation politics on a massive scale. (15 million ethnic Germans were deported from central and eastern Europe after WW2, for example, forever ending any German territorial claims)
My friend mister Koksukhar had no such problems