Programming is always becoming obsolete. Every time a new compiler, API comes out there's a boom time where programmers in a particular field are in demand, then once all that infra-structure has been built, applications have been ported, the industry moves onto the next level. In the early 1990's, you could get a job with knowledge of C, X-windows, X-toolkit and GLX, X.25 and ISDN were also in demand. By the late 1990's, you needed to know C++, Win32, MFC, Then web page design took off around 2000, so a new path opened up as web page designer. That needed knowledge of HTML, ActiveX. Now, big data is another path that has opened, and that requires knowledge of things like Reduction, Hadoop, So there is a constant need to retrain as you go along.
I've seen documentaries on the operation of modern car making plants. Car components are ordered automatically, they are then distributed to the correct area of the factory by automatic trolley systems. Robots lift up the parts, weld them in place. Windows are put in place by robot. Spray-painting is done by machine. Humans do things like final testing.
Detroit suffered from something called "Devil's night" where certain groups of people attempted to set fire to as many homes, businesses and other property as well.
Look up "boids". Each critter has a field of view and a current direction. It only responds to what it sees in that field-of-view. If other critters start running, it starts running too. If they stop, it stops. With fish, the minute one turns, there is a flash of light. That instructs all the others to turn as well, providing the flash is bright enough. Maybe it takes two or more.
There was an idea in computing several decades ago about "asynchronous computing". The idea was that you could get rid of the need to have all the different regions of your silicon chip clocked at exactly the same speed. Instead, data would move between different units at different speeds according to demand. If a particular circuit wasn't used, you could put it in a low power state, if something was being filled up with data, you boosted the clock speed. You end up with data "flowing" through the system or data-flow- computing.
So it's much similar to the brain where different regions light up under fMRI analysis as oxygen flow increases as they are used. And scientists have a good idea what different regions of the brain do - usually a high-level function like generate-muscle-motion-to-say-phrase or recognise-name-of-object-from-picture. From other methods of MRI scans, they have identified the pathways where different parts of the brain communicate along, and are able to visualize these as "connectograms", Phineas Gage is the best example.
Heart and Lung rhythms are regulated using systems known as reaction-diffusion systems. An entire system is represented by a grid of cells, with every cell is at a particular state with a mix of chemicals, typicall named A,B,C... There's the reaction part where A->2B, B->B+A, and then there's the diffusion part where the state of each cell is combined with it's neighbors. Each iteration calculates the new state of each cell, and applies the diffusion.
Imagine if you stored your message as particular chemical levels, then ran a few thousand iterations - you would get a new unique state.
But it would seem extremely hard to roll backwards.
Some insect species like those giant hornets actually have random patterns that help identify individuals to each other.. Cows are also able to recognize each other due to the spot patterns - they do exhibit preferences to who they stand beside. My own theory is that snails can recognise each other using the stripy patterns they have on their shells. They would make the perfect bar code that could be read from any direction - a method that was patented in 1949 (http://www.scdigest.com/ontarget/12-12-18-1.php?cid=6548).
Before the discovery of micro-organisms, the belief was that illnesses were caused by bad spirits, objects and places like water-wells being cursed. In fact, there was something bad there - bacteria. Then they had the idea that blood-letting was one way of releasing the "bad spirits" from the body. In a way, it might have worked by reducing bacteria levels in the bloodstream.
Then there were the plague inspectors who wore boots, a long gown, hood and a facemask filled with herbs, spices and perfumes - a primitive version of a white-suit.
Once Newtonian and Maxwellian physics were known, it took researchers 200 years to find applications for those formulae. Batteries, electric circuits, lamps, photo-diodes, speakers, microphones, magnetic tape, magnetic disks, motors, cameras, video camcorders all came from that knowledge.
Every discussion about the best places to work has always brought up the following: the size of homes, property taxes, quality of education, gang crime, homeless levels, commute times as well as political and religious beliefs.
Businesses will also locate to where there are the most qualified workers at the lowest rate.
MP's in Scotland did the same with dentistry. They closed the Edinburgh dental school because in the MP's words "it looked a bit tatty". Over time this led to a shortage of NHS dentists because they all moved into private sector because of the opportunity to earn more money.
I though the Nintendo games (Super Mario 64, Ocarina of Time) started off in parallel steps as you explored each level to find keys and unlock other levels. But eventually after figuring out the optimum sequence of completing levels (get the flying hat first, then get the invisibility hat, get the ten keys, get the skulltulas), then the game becomes linear.
Wouldn't an external USB drive be more practical? You can even make your own by simply buying a $10 case and 2.5" disk drive. Anything up to 500 Gigabytes of storage in your pocket.
Given the magnitude of energy involved (every level on the Richter scale is 10x the one below itI think it would be easier to build floating cities like Buckminster suggested. Build a skyscraper frame using a hollow superstructure, get enough sealed air in the superstructure and you actually end up with a structure that will actually float in the air due to differences in air density.
In London, there are enough taxis in the area, that all you really need to do is raise your arm and hail a cab, when ones passes with a "For Hire" sign. You couldn't make an app that simpler. Some hotels and conference center receptions have a hotline telephone straight to the taxi cab office.
If the taxi cab dispatch offices brought out there own "app", they could cover every other part of the city.
By that logic, asking a friend or relative if they could give you or someone else a ride would constitute an illegal transaction.
Not so long ago, many Californian toll booths would only cars to travel across for free if there were two or more passengers, and they were actively encouraging ride-sharing to reduce traffic loads.
I would imagine tobacco or nicotine constricts blood vessels, and gives the white blood cells traveling along the lining of those blood vessels more chance of detecting and trapping the West Nile virus particles.
Brain size is larger than the theoretical size given the body mass. But most of the brain is used to manage body function with only a small area doing the actual logical thinking and planning. That's larger that the theoretical size. So they must have some logic there to handle the concepts of tubes, tunnels, sticks, pebbles. Given that they feed on insects and just about anything else that lives in trees, they'd have evolved to figure out out to get them out of holes in trees.
Rosetta has the Osiris CCD camera onboard, which can take 4 megapixel images (2k x 2k). Unfortunately, the data transfer speed is at best 1K/second, which is going back to the days of 14K modems. Since it's been a decade between the time that the satellite was launched in 2004, and the present day, huge advances in image compression size have taken place. So the researchers will want to upgrade all the compression algorithms. Think how much web browsers have improved in a decade.
So much of San Francisco is actually built on land reclaimed from the sea using compacted landfill and other materials. There are maps which show what San Francisco Bay looked like back in the 1900's and what it looks like now. The assumption is that with the next big earthquake, all that land will undergo liquefaction as underground water is pushed upwards, and the shockwaves bounce around.
It's a fundamental rule of geology, well documented in a 1960's book called "The Exploding Metropolis".
The most productive agricultural fields happens to be land which has a near constant groundwater level, which is best achieved from being away from hillsides, mountain canyons and river flood plains, ideally raised plateaus formed from river sedimentation. Everything else then has a lower land value, due to the dangers of landslides, avalanches, flash flooding, subsidence and sinkholes. Downtown areas will have already been built on stable dry land. And guess what the land developers are left with?
It's the same principle why homes get built next to chemical plants, oil refineries, under power lines and under airport flight paths. At the time of an economic boom, newcomers are desperate to live anywhere, and so desperate that they would go begging to city hall to get planning permission exemptions for just this one special case and time. Then the homes get built. Decades later, there's a tragic accident and explosion causing hundreds of homes to be evacuated and declared unfit for habitation. Then everyone asks, "Why on earth were these homes ever built here in the first place?"
When Quake was being written using a software renderer running only on the Pentium CPU, he wrote the texture mapping triangle rasterizer function in assembler that took advantage of the parallel nature of the Pentium's integer and floating-point units. This gave them the float-point division calculation required for perspective projection calculations for free. Thus software based texture mapping API's were the state-of-the-art of the time.
That led to a whole cascade sequence of strategic moves by SGI, Microsoft, 3Dfx, Nvidia, and 30 other ASIC design companies to build GPU's.
Slashdot Mirror
Programming is always becoming obsolete. Every time a new compiler, API comes out there's a boom time where programmers in a particular field are in demand, then once all that infra-structure has been built, applications have been ported, the industry moves onto the next level. In the early 1990's, you could get a job with knowledge of C, X-windows, X-toolkit and GLX, X.25 and ISDN were also in demand. By the late 1990's, you needed to know C++, Win32, MFC, Then web page design took off around 2000, so a new path opened up as web page designer. That needed knowledge of HTML, ActiveX. Now, big data is another path that has opened, and that requires knowledge of things like Reduction, Hadoop, So there is a constant need to retrain as you go along.
I've seen documentaries on the operation of modern car making plants. Car components are ordered automatically, they are then distributed to the correct area of the factory by automatic trolley systems. Robots lift up the parts, weld them in place. Windows are put in place by robot. Spray-painting is done by machine. Humans do things like final testing.
Detroit suffered from something called "Devil's night" where certain groups of people attempted to set fire to as many homes, businesses and other property as well.
They're doing it all the time at "abovetopsecret.com"
Light source seen on Mars: http://www.abovetopsecret.com/...
Ammonite fossil seen on Mars: http://www.abovetopsecret.com/...
Mystery rock found on Mars: http://www.abovetopsecret.com/...
Stone Hut seen on Mars: http://www.abovetopsecret.com/...
Look up "boids". Each critter has a field of view and a current direction. It only responds to what it sees in that field-of-view. If other critters start running, it starts running too. If they stop, it stops. With fish, the minute one turns, there is a flash of light. That instructs all the others to turn as well, providing the flash is bright enough. Maybe it takes two or more.
There was an idea in computing several decades ago about "asynchronous computing". The idea was that you could get rid of the need to have all the different regions of your silicon chip clocked at exactly the same speed. Instead, data would move between different units at different speeds according to demand. If a particular circuit wasn't used, you could put it in a low power state, if something was being filled up with data, you boosted the clock speed. You end up with data "flowing" through the system or data-flow- computing.
So it's much similar to the brain where different regions light up under fMRI analysis as oxygen flow increases as they are used. And scientists have a good idea what different regions of the brain do - usually a high-level function like generate-muscle-motion-to-say-phrase or recognise-name-of-object-from-picture. From other methods of MRI scans, they have identified the pathways where different parts of the brain communicate along, and are able to visualize these as "connectograms", Phineas Gage is the best example.
Then the next challenge is to make a 3D printer that can print out the parts to make a 3D printer, but make sure there's no auto button.
Heart and Lung rhythms are regulated using systems known as reaction-diffusion systems. An entire system is represented by a grid of cells, with every cell is at a particular state with a mix of chemicals, typicall named A,B,C ... There's the reaction part where A->2B, B->B+A, and then there's the diffusion part where the state of each cell is combined with it's neighbors. Each iteration calculates the new state of each cell, and applies the diffusion.
Imagine if you stored your message as particular chemical levels, then ran a few thousand iterations - you would get a new unique state.
But it would seem extremely hard to roll backwards.
Some insect species like those giant hornets actually have random patterns that help identify individuals to each other.. Cows are also able to recognize each other due to the spot patterns - they do exhibit preferences to who they stand beside. My own theory is that snails can recognise each other using the stripy patterns they have on their shells. They would make the perfect bar code that could be read from any direction - a method that was patented in 1949 (http://www.scdigest.com/ontarget/12-12-18-1.php?cid=6548).
Before the discovery of micro-organisms, the belief was that illnesses were caused by bad spirits, objects and places like water-wells being cursed. In fact, there was something bad there - bacteria. Then they had the idea that blood-letting was one way of releasing the "bad spirits" from the body. In a way, it might have worked by reducing bacteria levels in the bloodstream.
Then there were the plague inspectors who wore boots, a long gown, hood and a facemask filled with herbs, spices and perfumes - a primitive version of a white-suit.
Once Newtonian and Maxwellian physics were known, it took researchers 200 years to find applications for those formulae. Batteries, electric circuits, lamps, photo-diodes, speakers, microphones, magnetic tape, magnetic disks, motors, cameras, video camcorders all came from that knowledge.
If a bug lands or even flies past an area of white hair, it becomes immediately noticeable to fast-moving predators like birds.
Every discussion about the best places to work has always brought up the following: the size of homes, property taxes, quality of education, gang crime, homeless levels, commute times as well as political and religious beliefs.
Businesses will also locate to where there are the most qualified workers at the lowest rate.
MP's in Scotland did the same with dentistry. They closed the Edinburgh dental school because in the MP's words "it looked a bit tatty". Over time this led to a shortage of NHS dentists because they all moved into private sector because of the opportunity to earn more money.
I though the Nintendo games (Super Mario 64, Ocarina of Time) started off in parallel steps as you explored each level to find keys and unlock other levels. But eventually after figuring out the optimum sequence of completing levels (get the flying hat first, then get the invisibility hat, get the ten keys, get the skulltulas), then the game becomes linear.
Wouldn't an external USB drive be more practical? You can even make your own by simply buying a $10 case and 2.5" disk drive. Anything up to 500 Gigabytes of storage in your pocket.
You can shift it by +/- 180 degrees. That's good enough for a sinusoidal wave.
Given the magnitude of energy involved (every level on the Richter scale is 10x the one below itI think it would be easier to build floating cities like Buckminster suggested. Build a skyscraper frame using a hollow superstructure, get enough sealed air in the superstructure and you actually end up with a structure that will actually float in the air due to differences in air density.
In London, there are enough taxis in the area, that all you really need to do is raise your arm and hail a cab, when ones passes with a "For Hire" sign.
You couldn't make an app that simpler. Some hotels and conference center receptions have a hotline telephone straight to the taxi cab office.
If the taxi cab dispatch offices brought out there own "app", they could cover every other part of the city.
By that logic, asking a friend or relative if they could give you or someone else a ride would constitute an illegal transaction.
Not so long ago, many Californian toll booths would only cars to travel across for free if there were two or more passengers, and they were actively encouraging ride-sharing to reduce traffic loads.
I would imagine tobacco or nicotine constricts blood vessels, and gives the white blood cells traveling along the lining of those blood vessels more chance of detecting and trapping the West Nile virus particles.
Brain size is larger than the theoretical size given the body mass. But most of the brain is used to manage body function with only a small area doing the actual logical thinking and planning. That's larger that the theoretical size. So they must have some logic there to handle the concepts of tubes, tunnels, sticks, pebbles. Given that they feed on insects and just about anything else that lives in trees, they'd have evolved to figure out out to get them out of holes in trees.
Rosetta has the Osiris CCD camera onboard, which can take 4 megapixel images (2k x 2k). Unfortunately, the data transfer speed is at best 1K/second, which is going back to the days of 14K modems. Since it's been a decade between the time that the satellite was launched in 2004, and the present day, huge advances in image compression size have taken place. So the researchers will want to upgrade all the compression algorithms. Think how much web browsers have improved in a decade.
http://pdssbn.astro.umd.edu/ho...
So much of San Francisco is actually built on land reclaimed from the sea using compacted landfill and other materials. There are maps which show what San Francisco Bay looked like back in the 1900's and what it looks like now. The assumption is that with the next big earthquake, all that land will undergo liquefaction as underground water is pushed upwards, and the shockwaves bounce around.
It's a fundamental rule of geology, well documented in a 1960's book called "The Exploding Metropolis".
The most productive agricultural fields happens to be land which has a near constant groundwater level, which is best achieved from being away from hillsides, mountain canyons and river flood plains, ideally raised plateaus formed from river sedimentation. Everything else then has a lower land value, due to the dangers of landslides, avalanches, flash flooding, subsidence and sinkholes. Downtown areas will have already been built on stable dry land. And guess what the land developers are left with?
It's the same principle why homes get built next to chemical plants, oil refineries, under power lines and under airport flight paths. At the time of an economic boom, newcomers are desperate to live anywhere, and so desperate that they would go begging to city hall to get planning permission exemptions for just this one special case and time. Then the homes get built. Decades later, there's a tragic accident and explosion causing hundreds of homes to be evacuated and declared unfit for habitation. Then everyone asks, "Why on earth were these homes ever built here in the first place?"
When Quake was being written using a software renderer running only on the Pentium CPU, he wrote the texture mapping triangle rasterizer function in assembler that took advantage of the parallel nature of the Pentium's integer and floating-point units. This gave them the float-point division calculation required for perspective projection calculations for free. Thus software based texture mapping API's were the state-of-the-art of the time.
That led to a whole cascade sequence of strategic moves by SGI, Microsoft, 3Dfx, Nvidia, and 30 other ASIC design companies to build GPU's.