If my monitor counts as a "digital screen", then I've always watched DivX:-) movies on one.
But I still don't have Attack of the Clones. Maybe if George Lucas provided the link for download, he wouldn't be bitching about the lack of digital screens.
Will they need a special authorization from RIAA as they'll broadcast it to an audience of ten sharks ?
Will RIAA somehow invoke the DMCA and order the National Sea Life Center to shut down its operations immediatelly because they're causing billions of dollars in losses ?
Now all we need is a crazy scientist who can clone DNA and a millionaire entrepeneur to create a park. We can bring tourists, and we can somehow let the animals escape. That'll be sooooo cool.
I know of a CD-Burner software that if you enter a fake serial number, appears to be registered ok, but when you would burn a CD, it'd say there was an error, and your CD was lost.
Windows could pretend it was registered ok, and then start crashing, after some time.
But, oops, no one would notice between a crashing windows and regular windows:)
Real programmers who had to deal with the lack of registers. For instance, take the infamous Z-80. It had only 7 general purpose 8-bit registers, A,B,C,D,E,H and L, and you could use BC, DE and HL as a 16-bit register.
It also had 2 16-bit index registers, a 16-bit stack pointer and a 16-bit program counter. Wich, of course, shouldn't be used for calculations.
So you could count the registers on your hand. Ye good ol' times.
Computers have a clock to keep time. Usually there is a hardware clock with battery backup to keep time when the computer is off. The operating system (for example Linux) runs its own clock, and from this clock comes the time shown by commands such as date in Linux and time in DOS.
The hardware clock is usually accurate enough, provided that the battery has not run out. If the time shown by the computer when you turn it on is wrong by several months or years, it is worth checking if the battery is still usable.
The "software" clock in the operating system usually has drift, either systematic or random. This drift means the clock runs too fast or too slow. For this reason it is necessary to use some accurate time source to syncronize the operating system clock if accurate time is needed.
[my opinion:]
Normally I'd just say: Use NTP. But your random time drift seems to be so high, NTP would freak out.
It seems to be a hardware problem, or some friend made a practical joke on you, inserting some random time drift in crontab. Try to reinstall your OS and check if this behavior continues. If so, you should change your motherboard. And try to get a good one, like Asus.
It's not a virus? I received an e-mail that advised about a terrible virus that no antivirus company could defeat, and both IBM and Microsoft were very concerned with it, althought, of course, they also could nothing to stop this beast.
Have you by chance opened an e-mail with subject "Good Times"? You should have deleted it upon receipt. Now you're infected. And, because of the name "Good Times", it sure can change your computer time.
Or does "Lasertron" sound like a perfect name for a powerful and giant robot that's the only thing on Earth that can stop a monster named "Zeptosecond", also a giant, from destroying Tokyo ?
Pardon me, but mission critical servers are not the scoop of this thread. According to your definition, this article is plain wrong.
If you read this article carefully, you'll notice the poster is concerned with power consumption, wich hints he doesn't dream of using redundant power supplies. He was even considering to use the VIA chipset. Yet, his last phrase was: "Am I the only miser setting up a server?".
Using your [mis]conception of a server, this wouldn't be a server. But, hey... Big news ! A server does not need to have a $10K price tag. A server does not need a 9" rack mount. A server can run without ECC very well, thanks.
A server can be much cheaper, probably like the submitter wanted. He wanted a home server. Yes, there are things like home networks, with just 2 or 3 clients. Even small companies, that won't go bankrupt if they have a 2 second downtime, can stand servers like this.
And, for your info, the definition of server is something that serves. It can serve webpages, in the case of a - guess what - web server, or file in the case of a - yes - file server. Get a TCP/IP stack on a Commodore 64 and you can have a small server.
I have a feeling that laptops are not designed to handle that kind of duty cycle.
Some friends of mine also got amazed when they learnt I left my computer on for days. They though just a server could be left on.
But what is a server ? Nothing more than a normal PC running special programs.
Most of the wear of a laptop would come from vibrations, heat and power cycling.
Heck, laptops supposedly are very much more stressed then regular desktop. Do you usually walk with your desktop? Or take it in the car to have a Sun bath ? Or power it off to preserve batteries everytime you will do something else ?
So why should they be so fragile when being used as a server ? Theorically it should be the opposite. A laptop in a server room would last much longer than a laptop used daily at work.
Theres no answer to your question. Everything depends on the way you use your machine. A processors power consumption depends, among others, on the processing load. In most modern OSs (I dont know if it applies to Netware, but am sure that it applies to 2000/XP and Linux), when the kernel notices theres nothing to process, it issues a HLT instruction, replacing idle cycles with a suspend mode. Then not only the processor takes less energy, but it also cools down.
So the power consumption depends on you OS, how you use your machine, etc, etc. But lets face it. Nobody really cares to [desktop] computer consumption, because it usally takes more money to build a low power PC than the savings itd result in a lifetime.
For instance, the cost difference between a $159 17" CRT and a 15" LCD, wich takes less power, simply would be enough to pay you computer power bill for years, IMO. And also, do you really think server monitors should be turned on 24x7 ? The server probably will be locked in a room. Get a cheap CRT and simply turn it off when not using. Its much cheaper.
The exciting part of the discovery of C60 molecules is that they are only the third naturally occurring form of carbon to be found (graphite and diamond of course being the first two). C60 was first isolated from graphite (I think) in 1985.
As Paul Houle writes, C60 is formed in the shape of a geodesic sphere (like the panels of a soccer ball), hence the name ``buckminsterfullerene'' or ``buckyballs'' for short. Each carbon has three sp2 hybrid orbitals and the fourth electron of each carbon resides in a delocalized pi orbital that ranges over the entire ball (like benzene).
The physical appearance of C60 is very much similar to graphite, as are some of its physical properties. C60, unlike graphite, can be dissolved in benzene to form a translucent amber solution.
Other developments of buckyballs:
1) Radicalization - Besides just the pure C60 form, researchers at Rice have added hydrogen molecules to the carbon junctures to form molecules such as C60H36. Also, work is progressing on making C60 radical groupings (similar to benzene -> phenol).
2) Property measurement - Although many of the properties of C60 are known, most of the properties of its compounds are still hazy.
3) Higher molecules - Other stable forms with greater numbers of carbons have been isolated as well, including C70, C72, and a couple of others I can't remember. All of these have geodesic shapes as classified by Buckminster Fuller and look like lopsided versions of the normal C60 molecule.
4) Ionization - One can trap metallic ions such as Fe++ and Mg++ in the cage of the C60 to make the molecule act as a very large ion.
5) Superconductivity - As far as I know, the 18K Tc for C60 is the correct figure. This of course is much lower than high-temperature superconductors, but this fact may be used in some way at a later date.
Buckminsterfullerene (C60) is becoming ever easier to get in quantity and shows many interesting optical properties. It stops light -- the brighter the light the more effectively it stops it. Nano and pico-second laser pulses are effectively and instantly opaqued by small quantities of C60. A helmet visor treated with fullerene will instantly block an incoming laser beam -- the stronger the ray, the faster the face glass turns dark (cooler than those ``photosensitive'' sunglasses) (Patterson AFB in Ohio is studying such applications). Many other optical properties of the fullerenes are under study.
However, C60 remains forty times more expensive than gold. As Smalley put it ``it's the yield, stupid'' -- i.e. the central issue facing fullerene researchers, in Smalley's opinion, is how to get more of it. The Smalley team approach of using parabolic mirrors to sun-generate fullerenes (to produce ``sunnyballs'') appears to be a potentially promising approach. Concentrated sunlight has less of the damaging frequencies in high-powered lasers that apparently to inhibit fullerene formation from vaporized carbon).
Fullerene is quite reactive and can be used as a building block in other structures. In some crystal formations, doped with potassium for example, it conducts electricity with no resistance (is a superconductor).
I am running linux at my office too, as a firewall. Where are the reporters ?
And I *tryed* to use linux as a desktop. I don't know if it's just me or does anyone else think Star Office is a bloated memory-hungry application that sucks more than MS-Office ?
For the average user, I think better stay with Windows.
He apparently did it by IP address.
But there's another way:
owner
This module attempts to match various characteristics of the packet creator, for locally-generated packets. It
is only valid in the OUTPUT chain, and even this some packets (such as ICMP ping responses) may have no owner,
and hence never match.
--uid-owner userid
Matches if the packet was created by a process with the given effective user id.
--gid-owner groupid
Matches if the packet was created by a process with the given effective group id.
--pid-owner processid
Matches if the packet was created by a process with the given process id.
--sid-owner sessionid
Matches if the packet was created by a process in the given session group.
And with Iptables 1.2.5 you can even establish quotas per user.
Besides standard iptables functions, you can easily patch your kernel and add extra features. Just download iptables, uncompress it, and run 'make patch-o-matic', provided you have a source tree in/usr/src/linux. Then you can choose wich patches to apply. The ones I'm using are:
The NETMAP patch:
Author: Svenning Soerensen
Status: Experimental
This adds CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_NETMAP option, which provides a target for
the nat table. It creates a static 1:1 mapping of the network address,
while keeping host addresses intact. It can be applied to the
PREROUTING chain to alter the destination of incoming connections,
to the POSTROUTING chain to alter the source of outgoing connections,
or both (with separate rules).
The TTL patch:
Author: Harald Welte
Status: Stable, needs new checksum handling
This adds CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TTL option, which enables the user
to set the TTL value of an IP packet or to increment / decrement it
by a given value.
---
The iplimit patch:
Author: Gerd Knorr
Status: ItWorksForMe[tm]
This adds CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_IPLIMIT match allows you to restrict the
number of parallel TCP connections to a server per client IP address
(or address block).
# you can also match the other way around:
iptables -p tcp --syn --dport 23 -m iplimit ! --iplimit-above 2 -j ACCEPT
# limit the nr of parallel http requests to 16 per class C sized
# network (24 bit netmask)
iptables -p tcp --syn --dport 80 -m iplimit --iplimit-above 16 --iplimit-mask 24 -j REJECT
---
The random patch:
Author: Fabrice MARIE
Status: Works For Me.
This option adds CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_RANDOM,
which allow you to match packets randomly
following a given probability.
Suppported options are:
[--average] percent will match randomly packets with a probability of 'percent'
default is 50%
---
The string patch:
Author: Emmanuel Roger
Status: Working, not with kernel 2.4.9
This patch adds CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_STRING which allows you to
match a string in a whole packet.
---
and iptables 1.2.5 , wich I haven't compiled yet, so cannot tell for sure, has something that seems to be awesome...
New quota match to have fixed IP quotas
Slashdot Mirror
Soon people won't need a pacemaker anymore. They will just use the preemptive patch.
No wonder... Look:
eagle:~$ telnet www.itwales.com 80
Trying 137.44.2.121...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused
eagle:~$ telnet www.itwales.com 80
Trying 137.44.2.121...
Connected to cscymru.swan.ac.uk.
Escape character is '^]'.
GET / HTML/1.0
HTTP/1.0 200 Document Follows
Content-Length: 705
Content-Type: text/html
Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 16:11:50 GMT
Last-Modified: Mon, 28 Jan 2002 15:24:44 GMT
Server: OmniHTTPd/2.08
It's running this OmniHTTPd. I never used it, so I don't know if it's good or not. But it indicates the server is running 95/98 or NT.
And we all know that just Linux (or BSD, or your favorite Unix flavor) can stand the power of an Alan Cox interview being slashdotted.
If my monitor counts as a "digital screen", then I've always watched DivX:-) movies on one.
But I still don't have Attack of the Clones. Maybe if George Lucas provided the link for download, he wouldn't be bitching about the lack of digital screens.
Will they need a special authorization from RIAA as they'll broadcast it to an audience of ten sharks ?
Will RIAA somehow invoke the DMCA and order the National Sea Life Center to shut down its operations immediatelly because they're causing billions of dollars in losses ?
Now all we need is a crazy scientist who can clone DNA and a millionaire entrepeneur to create a park. We can bring tourists, and we can somehow let the animals escape. That'll be sooooo cool.
I know of a CD-Burner software that if you enter a fake serial number, appears to be registered ok, but when you would burn a CD, it'd say there was an error, and your CD was lost.
:)
Windows could pretend it was registered ok, and then start crashing, after some time.
But, oops, no one would notice between a crashing windows and regular windows
I just wish my mom had one of these, when she wanted to take my rectal temperature.
Real programmers who had to deal with the lack of registers. For instance, take the infamous Z-80. It had only 7 general purpose 8-bit registers, A,B,C,D,E,H and L, and you could use BC, DE and HL as a 16-bit register.
It also had 2 16-bit index registers, a 16-bit stack pointer and a 16-bit program counter. Wich, of course, shouldn't be used for calculations.
So you could count the registers on your hand. Ye good ol' times.
They didn't specify the size of the thumbnail, did they ? What if I happen to choose 1600x1200 as the most suitable resolution for my thumbnails ?
Wow... And you really thought I was talking serious ?
;)
Do you believe in virus e-mail warnings?
Well, that good times warning didn't say anything about OS. So it sure is multi-plataform.
[from http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/system-administr ator/ch-sysadmin-time.html]:
Computers have a clock to keep time. Usually there is a hardware clock with battery backup to keep time when the computer is off. The operating system (for example Linux) runs its own clock, and from this clock comes the time shown by commands such as date in Linux and time in DOS.
The hardware clock is usually accurate enough, provided that the battery has not run out. If the time shown by the computer when you turn it on is wrong by several months or years, it is worth checking if the battery is still usable.
The "software" clock in the operating system usually has drift, either systematic or random. This drift means the clock runs too fast or too slow. For this reason it is necessary to use some accurate time source to syncronize the operating system clock if accurate time is needed.
[my opinion:] Normally I'd just say: Use NTP. But your random time drift seems to be so high, NTP would freak out.
It seems to be a hardware problem, or some friend made a practical joke on you, inserting some random time drift in crontab. Try to reinstall your OS and check if this behavior continues. If so, you should change your motherboard. And try to get a good one, like Asus.
It's not a virus? I received an e-mail that advised about a terrible virus that no antivirus company could defeat, and both IBM and Microsoft were very concerned with it, althought, of course, they also could nothing to stop this beast.
Have you by chance opened an e-mail with subject "Good Times"? You should have deleted it upon receipt. Now you're infected. And, because of the name "Good Times", it sure can change your computer time.
That was an easy one. Next !
Or does "Lasertron" sound like a perfect name for a powerful and giant robot that's the only thing on Earth that can stop a monster named "Zeptosecond", also a giant, from destroying Tokyo ?
Nuclear propulsion research is getting a boost...
Soon there will be Greenpeace activists in space.
This gives a new meaning to "Little Green Men".
And discount those watts from the heating system in the winter.
Pardon me, but mission critical servers are not the scoop of this thread. According to your definition, this article is plain wrong.
If you read this article carefully, you'll notice the poster is concerned with power consumption, wich hints he doesn't dream of using redundant power supplies. He was even considering to use the VIA chipset. Yet, his last phrase was: "Am I the only miser setting up a server?".
Using your [mis]conception of a server, this wouldn't be a server. But, hey... Big news ! A server does not need to have a $10K price tag. A server does not need a 9" rack mount. A server can run without ECC very well, thanks.
A server can be much cheaper, probably like the submitter wanted. He wanted a home server. Yes, there are things like home networks, with just 2 or 3 clients. Even small companies, that won't go bankrupt if they have a 2 second downtime, can stand servers like this.
And, for your info, the definition of server is something that serves. It can serve webpages, in the case of a - guess what - web server, or file in the case of a - yes - file server. Get a TCP/IP stack on a Commodore 64 and you can have a small server.
I have a feeling that laptops are not designed to handle that kind of duty cycle.
Some friends of mine also got amazed when they learnt I left my computer on for days. They though just a server could be left on.
But what is a server ? Nothing more than a normal PC running special programs.
Most of the wear of a laptop would come from vibrations, heat and power cycling.
Heck, laptops supposedly are very much more stressed then regular desktop. Do you usually walk with your desktop? Or take it in the car to have a Sun bath ? Or power it off to preserve batteries everytime you will do something else ?
So why should they be so fragile when being used as a server ? Theorically it should be the opposite. A laptop in a server room would last much longer than a laptop used daily at work.
Theres no answer to your question. Everything depends on the way you use your machine. A processors power consumption depends, among others, on the processing load. In most modern OSs (I dont know if it applies to Netware, but am sure that it applies to 2000/XP and Linux), when the kernel notices theres nothing to process, it issues a HLT instruction, replacing idle cycles with a suspend mode. Then not only the processor takes less energy, but it also cools down.
For older Windows versions, there are some programs that cool down the processor, thus lowering power consumption.
So the power consumption depends on you OS, how you use your machine, etc, etc. But lets face it. Nobody really cares to [desktop] computer consumption, because it usally takes more money to build a low power PC than the savings itd result in a lifetime.
For instance, the cost difference between a $159 17" CRT and a 15" LCD, wich takes less power, simply would be enough to pay you computer power bill for years, IMO. And also, do you really think server monitors should be turned on 24x7 ? The server probably will be locked in a room. Get a cheap CRT and simply turn it off when not using. Its much cheaper.
Yeah. And instead of the top 10 hits, they have the top ten patches.
Buckyballs are your friend.
They can fight many different types of nerve damage, they may help treating cancer, they can be superconductors at high temperature (now imagine a bewolf cluster of these!), and lots more.
From The R. Buckminster Fuller FAQ:
The exciting part of the discovery of C60 molecules is that they are only the third naturally occurring form of carbon to be found (graphite and diamond of course being the first two). C60 was first isolated from graphite (I think) in 1985.
As Paul Houle writes, C60 is formed in the shape of a geodesic sphere (like the panels of a soccer ball), hence the name ``buckminsterfullerene'' or ``buckyballs'' for short. Each carbon has three sp2 hybrid orbitals and the fourth electron of each carbon resides in a delocalized pi orbital that ranges over the entire ball (like benzene).
The physical appearance of C60 is very much similar to graphite, as are some of its physical properties. C60, unlike graphite, can be dissolved in benzene to form a translucent amber solution.
Other developments of buckyballs:
1) Radicalization - Besides just the pure C60 form, researchers at Rice have added hydrogen molecules to the carbon junctures to form molecules such as C60H36. Also, work is progressing on making C60 radical groupings (similar to benzene -> phenol).
2) Property measurement - Although many of the properties of C60 are known, most of the properties of its compounds are still hazy.
3) Higher molecules - Other stable forms with greater numbers of carbons have been isolated as well, including C70, C72, and a couple of others I can't remember. All of these have geodesic shapes as classified by Buckminster Fuller and look like lopsided versions of the normal C60 molecule.
4) Ionization - One can trap metallic ions such as Fe++ and Mg++ in the cage of the C60 to make the molecule act as a very large ion.
5) Superconductivity - As far as I know, the 18K Tc for C60 is the correct figure. This of course is much lower than high-temperature superconductors, but this fact may be used in some way at a later date.
Buckminsterfullerene (C60) is becoming ever easier to get in quantity and shows many interesting optical properties. It stops light -- the brighter the light the more effectively it stops it. Nano and pico-second laser pulses are effectively and instantly opaqued by small quantities of C60. A helmet visor treated with fullerene will instantly block an incoming laser beam -- the stronger the ray, the faster the face glass turns dark (cooler than those ``photosensitive'' sunglasses) (Patterson AFB in Ohio is studying such applications). Many other optical properties of the fullerenes are under study.
However, C60 remains forty times more expensive than gold. As Smalley put it ``it's the yield, stupid'' -- i.e. the central issue facing fullerene researchers, in Smalley's opinion, is how to get more of it. The Smalley team approach of using parabolic mirrors to sun-generate fullerenes (to produce ``sunnyballs'') appears to be a potentially promising approach. Concentrated sunlight has less of the damaging frequencies in high-powered lasers that apparently to inhibit fullerene formation from vaporized carbon).
Fullerene is quite reactive and can be used as a building block in other structures. In some crystal formations, doped with potassium for example, it conducts electricity with no resistance (is a superconductor).
I am running linux at my office too, as a firewall. Where are the reporters ?
And I *tryed* to use linux as a desktop. I don't know if it's just me or does anyone else think Star Office is a bloated memory-hungry application that sucks more than MS-Office ?
For the average user, I think better stay with Windows.
He apparently did it by IP address.
But there's another way:
owner
This module attempts to match various characteristics of the packet creator, for locally-generated packets. It is only valid in the OUTPUT chain, and even this some packets (such as ICMP ping responses) may have no owner, and hence never match.
--uid-owner userid
Matches if the packet was created by a process with the given effective user id.
--gid-owner groupid
Matches if the packet was created by a process with the given effective group id.
--pid-owner processid
Matches if the packet was created by a process with the given process id.
--sid-owner sessionid
Matches if the packet was created by a process in the given session group.
And with Iptables 1.2.5 you can even establish quotas per user.
Besides standard iptables functions, you can easily patch your kernel and add extra features. /usr/src/linux. Then you can choose wich patches to apply. The ones I'm using are:
Just download iptables, uncompress it, and run 'make patch-o-matic', provided you have a source tree in
The NETMAP patch:
Author: Svenning Soerensen
Status: Experimental
This adds CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_NETMAP option, which provides a target for the nat table. It creates a static 1:1 mapping of the network address, while keeping host addresses intact. It can be applied to the PREROUTING chain to alter the destination of incoming connections, to the POSTROUTING chain to alter the source of outgoing connections, or both (with separate rules).
Examples:
iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 1.2.3.0/24 -j NETMAP --to 5.6.7.0/24
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 5.6.7.0/24 -j NETMAP --to 1.2.3.0/24
---
The TTL patch:
Author: Harald Welte
Status: Stable, needs new checksum handling
This adds CONFIG_IP_NF_TARGET_TTL option, which enables the user to set the TTL value of an IP packet or to increment / decrement it by a given value.
---
The iplimit patch:
Author: Gerd Knorr
Status: ItWorksForMe[tm]
This adds CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_IPLIMIT match allows you to restrict the number of parallel TCP connections to a server per client IP address (or address block).
Examples:
# allow 2 telnet connections per client host iptables -p tcp --syn --dport 23 -m iplimit --iplimit-above 2 -j REJECT
# you can also match the other way around: iptables -p tcp --syn --dport 23 -m iplimit ! --iplimit-above 2 -j ACCEPT
# limit the nr of parallel http requests to 16 per class C sized # network (24 bit netmask) iptables -p tcp --syn --dport 80 -m iplimit --iplimit-above 16 --iplimit-mask 24 -j REJECT
---
The random patch:
Author: Fabrice MARIE
Status: Works For Me.
This option adds CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_RANDOM, which allow you to match packets randomly following a given probability.
Suppported options are:
[--average] percent will match randomly packets with a probability of 'percent' default is 50%
---
The string patch:
Author: Emmanuel Roger
Status: Working, not with kernel 2.4.9
This patch adds CONFIG_IP_NF_MATCH_STRING which allows you to match a string in a whole packet.
---
and iptables 1.2.5 , wich I haven't compiled yet, so cannot tell for sure, has something that seems to be awesome... New quota match to have fixed IP quotas
Nothing beats Walter Mercado and his mystic powers. And, yes, it's a man.
This was very fun. Mod this up !!!!!