And yet we bill the Sega Genesis as a 16-bit console:)
If you're doing 16-bit math (16-bit ALU), it's hard to call it a 32-bit CPU. The Z80 has 16-bit registers and a 16-bit address bus, but we call it an 8-bit CPU.
PowerPC wasn't the first. They started on the Motorola 68000 series processors. If you include changes in bit count as architectural changes, then there was:
16-bit Motorola 68K (starting with 68000) 32-bit Motorola 68K (starting with 68020) 32-bit IBM PowerPC (starting with 601) 64-bit IBM PowerPC (starting with 970) 32-bit Intel x86 (starting with Core) 64-bit Intel x86 (starting with Xeon/Core 2)
The bit transitions sometimes involved software compatibility solutions (the transition to 32-bit had stuff like MODE32), and all of the full architectural changes involved full blown software emulation (several different internally and externally developed 68K emulators were used for the PowerPC transition, while Rosetta was a licensed copy of Transitive's QuickTransit).
The 68K to PowerPC transition was particularly interesting, because the emulation was integrated to the OS at a very low level, allowing the mixing and matching of 68k and PPC code: almost the entire operating system was running emulated at first, with it gradually being ported over as time went on.
This Chrome extension implements an HTML5 player for Crunchyroll. It works much better than their Flash player (smoother playback with no stuttering, no issues with seeking):
There is one caveat: it relies on the same HLS video streams that Crunchyroll's app-based players use. Those video streams have the subtitles burned into the video as hardsubs, and some of their catalog titles have an issue with the hardsubs where some lines don't show up on screen long enough. There's no workaround for it, the problem affects Crunchyroll's own apps too. Crunchyroll has said they'd re-encode the back catalog to fix it, but as usual it takes them years to get around to doing stuff like that.
Most of that doesn't apply to engine failures on a SpaceX vehicle either. You don't have to shut down additional engines to provide some sort of "balance" (the thrust isn't very unbalanced to begin with, and the engines can gimble), engine failures are fairly well contained (there's armour between the engines, and they've demonstrated engine-out capability before during the CRS-1 mission).
Unless the engines were throttled down at the time (they do throttle down at a few points, IIRC, such as going through max q), the remaining engines don't have to work harder, but simply longer. Since the engines are already designed to be fired for longer than the normal mission duration (such as for the boostback/re-entry/landing burns), I don't think that's much of a problem.
SpaceX does have something of a proven track record in that regard. While it was admittedly a much older revision of both the rockets and the engines, they did suffer a catastrophic engine failure during the CRS-1 mission. The other eight engines were unaffected, despite the visually impressive nature of the failure.
MPC-HC was not the only active fork of MPC, which let's not forget was abandoned by the author in 2006. That said, I'm not a huge fan of the interface of the only other active port, MPC-BE, which does not follow the original goal of keeping the simple and clean look of Windows Media Player 6.4.
All else being equal, I prefer reading on an epaper reader (I've got a second-gen Kindle Paperwhite at this point). The problem is one of convenience. I don't want to carry around an additional device, so often I end up reading on my smartphone because I already have it on me. My Kindle is relegated to reading things at home, and even then only if the book that I want to read is available in a standalone ebook format (some publishers require you to read content in their own apps, which rules out the Kindle).
The Federation of Quebec Maple Syrup Producers is not controlled by the Government of Quebec, but provincial legislation grants it the right to regulate the industry and to fine any producer who refuses to comply with their regulations. In this manner, it isn't very different from other arms-length government regulatory bodies. It just has less oversight.
There are already Z80 chips in IoT devices. At this point, they're used as microcontrollers, and Zilog threw hardware TCP/IP stacks on them with internet-connected devices in mind.
Any event that happened to the vehicle that knocked the computers offline would have caused the same impact to the flight termination system regardless of if it was manual or automated. The ability to manually terminate the flight still exists, they have just now added the ability for the vehicle to decide to trigger the FTS itself. If there is any reduction in potential safety, it would come from switching from radar tracking to GPS tracking, not the vehicle having the ability to push the button itself.
People call it a $1000 phone. Not in Canada it isn't. If I want a phone that has at least as much storage space as my old iPhone 6, and has the two year warranty, Apple wants $2,044.26 CAD after tax for it.
If the iPhone X cost just $1000, you know what? I'd probably buy it. I'd get a two-year contract with my carrier and probably pay $500 out of pocket.
Sure, let's compare Rogers (probably the biggest wireless carrier in Canada) in Canada's most populous province to T-Mobile. I'll pick a plan with unlimited nationwide minutes and as close to 50GB of full-speed monthly data as I can get:
Rogers: 40GB for $225 USD / $290 CAD per month T-Mobile: 50GB soft-cap for $70 USD / $90 CAD per month
How much can you get with Rogers for the same price as T-Mobile? $90 CAD a month gets you 4GB.
So as compared to the US, Canadians either pay 3.2x the price, or get 12.5% as much data.
Wii sales also eventually slowed down once grannies tired of wii bowling. If Nintendo can keep the momentum up, it has a chance to outdo the wii in the long term.
The DS sold 150% as many units as the Wii, and grannies weren't buying that.
Gold isn't much better than aluminum, which won't oxidize after the outer layer (so bad for connectors, good for conductors). Better to make conductors out of copper or aluminum and gold plate the connectors.
Difficult yes (the move back to capsule-on-top style launch vehicles with in-flight abort capabilities certainly helps a ton), but SpaceX will have spent far less money getting the Falcon 9 human-rated than the cost of vehicles such as the shuttle or SLS.
I believe one of the points of his boring infrastructure is that it's not just a tunnel, or even a 2D network of tunnels, but a 3D network of tunnels. If you fill the capacity, you build more tunnels deeper. Keeping in mind that the entire premise of the boring company is to take advantage of what you might be able to do if you can achieve an order of magnitude or more reduction in the cost of boring.
Musk has to regularly commute between LA (SpaceX) and Tesla (San Francisco). Multiple times a week, IIRC. That's near the max range of a lot of commercial helicopters, so they're not necessarily ideal for it, and it'd still be a 2-3 hour trip, and subject to weather limitations. He can fly (he has a private jet), and SpaceX is essentially located at an airport, but Tesla isn't (the relatively nearby airport is operated by Google and isn't for public use).
If the boring company can do what they want to do, and considering that tunnels can hold a vacuum without needing the metal tube, he may well be able to build a hyperloop between the two cities without having to worry about the issues with building a hyperloop aboveground.
I think you might be a bit off on the cargo capacity of commercial aircraft. On the extreme end is the unique An-225 with 254 tonnes, the 747F is more common at 124 tonnes, and then you get into the really common ones like the 757F (40 tonnes), 767F (53 tonnes), A300F (48 tonnes), MD-11F (91 tonnes), etc. Apart from the Antonov, I'm just reading off the most common aircraft in UPS' fleet, basically.
Military capacity is similar, the C-5M super galaxy basically has a similar capacity to the 747, although it's obviously specialized for things that you'd never do in a 747.
They're hybrids, not pure electrics. They're not storing all of their energy in batteries, only enough to avoid having to run the gas turbine electric generator at anything but the most efficient speed. That is, you need more power during ascent and less power during descent, but you want to run the turbine at max speed at all times. That means you draw from the batteries to supplement power on takeoff, and dump into the batteries to recoup on descent.
You'd only be drawing from the batteries for maybe 15 minutes of the flight, and the batteries would not be supplying all the power, only the power beyond what the generator can supply.
I don't know how much of it is the artist's impression, but it looks more like they just want to take a high-bypass turbofan and replace the turbine with an electric motor, rather than a using a more traditional ducted fan or a propeller. They're planning to replace just one of the four engines on a BAe 146 with the electric motor, so it makes sense that they'd want the airflow and thrust to be relatively similar to the other four engines. The engine on those planes is relatively high bypass (5.7:1) so I guess they'd just run the other three engines at lower thrust to match the electric engine (which would effectively have a 100% bypass).
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And yet we bill the Sega Genesis as a 16-bit console :)
If you're doing 16-bit math (16-bit ALU), it's hard to call it a 32-bit CPU. The Z80 has 16-bit registers and a 16-bit address bus, but we call it an 8-bit CPU.
PowerPC wasn't the first. They started on the Motorola 68000 series processors. If you include changes in bit count as architectural changes, then there was:
16-bit Motorola 68K (starting with 68000)
32-bit Motorola 68K (starting with 68020)
32-bit IBM PowerPC (starting with 601)
64-bit IBM PowerPC (starting with 970)
32-bit Intel x86 (starting with Core)
64-bit Intel x86 (starting with Xeon/Core 2)
The bit transitions sometimes involved software compatibility solutions (the transition to 32-bit had stuff like MODE32), and all of the full architectural changes involved full blown software emulation (several different internally and externally developed 68K emulators were used for the PowerPC transition, while Rosetta was a licensed copy of Transitive's QuickTransit).
The 68K to PowerPC transition was particularly interesting, because the emulation was integrated to the OS at a very low level, allowing the mixing and matching of 68k and PPC code: almost the entire operating system was running emulated at first, with it gradually being ported over as time went on.
This Chrome extension implements an HTML5 player for Crunchyroll. It works much better than their Flash player (smoother playback with no stuttering, no issues with seeking):
https://chrome.google.com/webs...
There is one caveat: it relies on the same HLS video streams that Crunchyroll's app-based players use. Those video streams have the subtitles burned into the video as hardsubs, and some of their catalog titles have an issue with the hardsubs where some lines don't show up on screen long enough. There's no workaround for it, the problem affects Crunchyroll's own apps too. Crunchyroll has said they'd re-encode the back catalog to fix it, but as usual it takes them years to get around to doing stuff like that.
Most of that doesn't apply to engine failures on a SpaceX vehicle either. You don't have to shut down additional engines to provide some sort of "balance" (the thrust isn't very unbalanced to begin with, and the engines can gimble), engine failures are fairly well contained (there's armour between the engines, and they've demonstrated engine-out capability before during the CRS-1 mission).
Unless the engines were throttled down at the time (they do throttle down at a few points, IIRC, such as going through max q), the remaining engines don't have to work harder, but simply longer. Since the engines are already designed to be fired for longer than the normal mission duration (such as for the boostback/re-entry/landing burns), I don't think that's much of a problem.
SpaceX does have something of a proven track record in that regard. While it was admittedly a much older revision of both the rockets and the engines, they did suffer a catastrophic engine failure during the CRS-1 mission. The other eight engines were unaffected, despite the visually impressive nature of the failure.
MPC-HC was not the only active fork of MPC, which let's not forget was abandoned by the author in 2006. That said, I'm not a huge fan of the interface of the only other active port, MPC-BE, which does not follow the original goal of keeping the simple and clean look of Windows Media Player 6.4.
All else being equal, I prefer reading on an epaper reader (I've got a second-gen Kindle Paperwhite at this point). The problem is one of convenience. I don't want to carry around an additional device, so often I end up reading on my smartphone because I already have it on me. My Kindle is relegated to reading things at home, and even then only if the book that I want to read is available in a standalone ebook format (some publishers require you to read content in their own apps, which rules out the Kindle).
The Federation of Quebec Maple Syrup Producers is not controlled by the Government of Quebec, but provincial legislation grants it the right to regulate the industry and to fine any producer who refuses to comply with their regulations. In this manner, it isn't very different from other arms-length government regulatory bodies. It just has less oversight.
Both Intel and AMD CPUs do. You don't have any other practical options.
There are already Z80 chips in IoT devices. At this point, they're used as microcontrollers, and Zilog threw hardware TCP/IP stacks on them with internet-connected devices in mind.
Any event that happened to the vehicle that knocked the computers offline would have caused the same impact to the flight termination system regardless of if it was manual or automated. The ability to manually terminate the flight still exists, they have just now added the ability for the vehicle to decide to trigger the FTS itself. If there is any reduction in potential safety, it would come from switching from radar tracking to GPS tracking, not the vehicle having the ability to push the button itself.
People call it a $1000 phone. Not in Canada it isn't. If I want a phone that has at least as much storage space as my old iPhone 6, and has the two year warranty, Apple wants $2,044.26 CAD after tax for it.
If the iPhone X cost just $1000, you know what? I'd probably buy it. I'd get a two-year contract with my carrier and probably pay $500 out of pocket.
Analysts with no connection to Apple do not have control over Apple's pricing policies.
Sure, let's compare Rogers (probably the biggest wireless carrier in Canada) in Canada's most populous province to T-Mobile. I'll pick a plan with unlimited nationwide minutes and as close to 50GB of full-speed monthly data as I can get:
Rogers: 40GB for $225 USD / $290 CAD per month
T-Mobile: 50GB soft-cap for $70 USD / $90 CAD per month
How much can you get with Rogers for the same price as T-Mobile? $90 CAD a month gets you 4GB.
So as compared to the US, Canadians either pay 3.2x the price, or get 12.5% as much data.
Wii sales also eventually slowed down once grannies tired of wii bowling. If Nintendo can keep the momentum up, it has a chance to outdo the wii in the long term.
The DS sold 150% as many units as the Wii, and grannies weren't buying that.
With the right network setup, involving a wifi hotspot with a captive portal and javascript code to mine bitcoin, yes.
Gold isn't much better than aluminum, which won't oxidize after the outer layer (so bad for connectors, good for conductors). Better to make conductors out of copper or aluminum and gold plate the connectors.
NASA spent billions on Space Station Freedom before the program evolved into the International Space Station: it's not like it just disappeared.
Difficult yes (the move back to capsule-on-top style launch vehicles with in-flight abort capabilities certainly helps a ton), but SpaceX will have spent far less money getting the Falcon 9 human-rated than the cost of vehicles such as the shuttle or SLS.
Betteridge's Law says no.
I believe one of the points of his boring infrastructure is that it's not just a tunnel, or even a 2D network of tunnels, but a 3D network of tunnels. If you fill the capacity, you build more tunnels deeper. Keeping in mind that the entire premise of the boring company is to take advantage of what you might be able to do if you can achieve an order of magnitude or more reduction in the cost of boring.
Musk has to regularly commute between LA (SpaceX) and Tesla (San Francisco). Multiple times a week, IIRC. That's near the max range of a lot of commercial helicopters, so they're not necessarily ideal for it, and it'd still be a 2-3 hour trip, and subject to weather limitations. He can fly (he has a private jet), and SpaceX is essentially located at an airport, but Tesla isn't (the relatively nearby airport is operated by Google and isn't for public use).
If the boring company can do what they want to do, and considering that tunnels can hold a vacuum without needing the metal tube, he may well be able to build a hyperloop between the two cities without having to worry about the issues with building a hyperloop aboveground.
I think you might be a bit off on the cargo capacity of commercial aircraft. On the extreme end is the unique An-225 with 254 tonnes, the 747F is more common at 124 tonnes, and then you get into the really common ones like the 757F (40 tonnes), 767F (53 tonnes), A300F (48 tonnes), MD-11F (91 tonnes), etc. Apart from the Antonov, I'm just reading off the most common aircraft in UPS' fleet, basically.
Military capacity is similar, the C-5M super galaxy basically has a similar capacity to the 747, although it's obviously specialized for things that you'd never do in a 747.
They're hybrids, not pure electrics. They're not storing all of their energy in batteries, only enough to avoid having to run the gas turbine electric generator at anything but the most efficient speed. That is, you need more power during ascent and less power during descent, but you want to run the turbine at max speed at all times. That means you draw from the batteries to supplement power on takeoff, and dump into the batteries to recoup on descent.
You'd only be drawing from the batteries for maybe 15 minutes of the flight, and the batteries would not be supplying all the power, only the power beyond what the generator can supply.
I don't know how much of it is the artist's impression, but it looks more like they just want to take a high-bypass turbofan and replace the turbine with an electric motor, rather than a using a more traditional ducted fan or a propeller. They're planning to replace just one of the four engines on a BAe 146 with the electric motor, so it makes sense that they'd want the airflow and thrust to be relatively similar to the other four engines. The engine on those planes is relatively high bypass (5.7:1) so I guess they'd just run the other three engines at lower thrust to match the electric engine (which would effectively have a 100% bypass).