The fixtures in question come on automatically for about 60 seconds when someone passes from the house through to the garage. The fixtures use about 2 W each in standby, so yes, I have checked. As to the "low tech" solution of simply operating the light switches, people forget to turn them off, and spouses don't cotton to being called names or being scolded as is the custom in Slashdot comments. The motion detector is convenient and energy saving, and it is a sad day when the "geeks on Slashdot" deride such an approach.
Yes, halogens are a (pricey) answer, and I will probably use halogens if they are available, but my experience is that halogens are only marginally more efficient than incandescents (they are a type of incandescent). They may not be available with the new regs.
I have had 100% FL and CFL in the house, with the exception of 3 of these motion detector fixtures -- the outside of the door, the garage, and the stairway from the garage. The manufacturers recommended against CFLs in these fixtures. Two of them make a click as if there is a relay contact, the third works with an electronic switch like a dimmer, but there are warnings against CFLs in all three. No matter how many times you flip your LEDs on and off, you are not flipping them on 120 times a second with a triac, generating a waveform rich in harmonics that will fry the electronic ballast in an LED bulb not certified for this use.
The argument against the ban is it treats homeowners like primitive peoples who don't know where "babies come from" (never proven -- many alleged primitives have elaborate cultures and rather "conservative" moral standards). A home owner is said to be clueless as to where their electric bill comes from and can't be trusted to make decisions about whether to reserve incandescent light bulbs for light-duty use such as motion detectors, closet lights, lightly used rooms, and so on.
My argument is that with modern natural-gas fired power generation, yes, delivering heat "by wire" is only half as efficient as burning the natural gas in an efficient home furnace. But if you need a spot application of heat, the safety and convenience trumps the higher efficiency of
burning your own gas -- 100 watts of heat in a plumbing closet may subsitute for 1000's of watts of turning the heat up in the entire house, even if those 1000's of watts (or BTU/Hr equivalents) are generated more efficiently in a natural gas central furnace.
So hydro as a source of electicity weakens my argument? Huh?
The peak efficiency I have heard for a combined-cycle natural-gas fired power plant is 60 percent. Knock that down a little to 50 percent to account for transmission losses, etc..
A really good gas furnace is 96 percent efficient.
So if you have some spot application, where maybe you don't want the pipes to freeze but you don't want to dial up the thermostat for the whole house, you may come out way ahead on CO2 emissions. And maybe even cost.
I installed motion detector fixtures in the basement staircase and garage, long before saving electricity was fashionable.
Thet manufacturers specify incandescents -- maybe, maybe, dimmable CFL's for LED's won't burn the house down. So there is a place for inefficient incandescents -- in very low duty apps such as these motion detectors, that take advantage of their tolerance of being switched on and off a lot?
These fixtures have saved large amount of electricity as their use is only a couple minutes per day. But I suppose into the landfill they go and I buy new fixtures?
There are a whole lot of folks out there running XP. Out of inertia (reinstalling all my apps would be so . . . hard!), cheapness (those P-III Intel Coppermine boards ran better than P-4's, and they are limited to 512 K).
So how 'bout Microsoft offering, i.e. selling for coin, a 32-bit in-place upgrade OS that works on 512M? Nah, fuggetabout!
So you can call the great masses of XP users rubes, idiots, and reservoirs of software infection. But guess what, there are rubes, idiots, and people not practicing good tech sanitation. But this will be like the people who won't vaccinate their kids. It isn't just their kids at risk, it is your kids, and maybe even you for getting chicken pox as a 50-year old.
So idiot, idiot, idiot, let's shame people, but what is this going to do? Is Congress going to pass a Computer Protection and Affordable System Patch (CPASP) law? Provide subidies to persons too poor to upgrade. Provide free computers to persons qualifying for Medicaid?
My plan is to buy lottery chances for a mega Powerball drawing.
In the off chance that I win, my first phone call will be to Gilbert Levin, the Principal Investigator on the Viking Labeled Release (LR) experiment that gave ambiguous results.
LR was developed by Levin as a way to assay sewage treatment plant effluent without having to wait days for streaked culture plates to show anything. By using a radioactive tracer, organisms can be detected at exceedingly low levels and very quickly by the radio-traced metabolism products.
Levin has been claiming that the Viking LR indeed detected life on Mars, and he has been pleading and scheming to get a "Chiral LR" life-sciences payload onto the surface of Mars to follow up. With NASA, it is nothing doing on this score since the Viking controversy -- they simply don't want to touch another life detection experiment for some reason. I thought the largely British Polar Lander was supposed to have a Levin experiment on it, but it crashed.
On the off chance that I win at Powerball, on the chance that this is enough money to fund a Mars mission, especially after the gummint gets its tax payments, and the chance the rocket works and the payload lands softly on Mars and everything else, and maybe on the remote chance that there is life on Mars and that Gil Levin's improved Labeled LR convinces people, Gilbert Levin will be awarded a Nobel Prize and become and immortal historical figure.
As for me, maybe I will go down in history as the chump who gave up his Powerball winnings?
A fuel efficient gasoline car these days is EPA-city rated at, what, 30 MPG? The Nissan Leaf and Chevy Volt are EPA-city rated at about 100 eMPG (electric-equivalent MPG)?
Bear with me now. A gallon of gasoline, depending on blending and the amount of ethanol has a high heating value (HHV) of about 120,000 BTU per gallon. At 100 percent conversion efficiency, 3400 BTUs gives you 1 kWHr, so 100% conversion of a gallon of gas gives 35.3 kWHr.
That is what the EPA means by "eMPG" -- the EPA is assuming 100% conversion efficiency, but that is counteracted by the eMPG rating being artificially high because of that assumption.
Apart from arguments on whether EPA mileage reflects actual mileage, and whether an electric vehicle (EV) takes a "bigger hit" in efficiency in cold weather than a gasoline car, the gasoline MPG combined with the MPG gives you the cents-per-mile; the same holds true for eMPG combined with the kWHr rate according to how eMPG translates into kWHr -- as supplied to the plug connection to the EV. Thus we have "real word" fuel consumption numbers on current-gen gas cars, "real world" kWHr consumption on current-gen EV's, and we don't have to get tied up in knots over figuring all the energy losses in gasoline cars and in EVs.
That Enerdel battery "costs" 18 cents/kWHr, and my Midwestern power company sells me electricity at 14 cents/kWHr. That is, the electric cost is 32 center/kWHr or $11.30 per "electric gallon", but for an EV getting 100 eMPG, that works out to 11 cents/mile.
For gasoline at 4 dollars/gallon (it is cheaper now but will probably climb in price next summer), that works out to 13 cents/mile.
OK, I am sold, that at least from a policy perspective, that if this price on batteries holds up or improves, and if gasoline keeps getting more expensive, a given but you never know for sure, and if electric rates don't increase, not really a given with current policies, or if through Smart Grid that EV owners are given a "deal" for charging at night or other off-peak times, this new battery tech is at least putting the EV "in play."
The other consideration is that $4/gallon is what I pay at the filling station and 14 cents/kWHr is what I pay at home as a retail electric customer. Is this $711 the retail price of that battery pack, or is it the wholesale price to an automobile manufacturer? If I want to replace a 30 kWHr battery pack in a LEAF, do I pay 21 grand or do I pay twice that amount at the Nissan parts counter?
The whole of Silicon Valley and the Fairchild Instruments-planar-process birth of the modern semiconductor industry was driven by massive infusions of Federal money, military money. The whole integrated circuit thing was motivated by a solid-state guidance system for ICBMs and other military systems.
The whole of large-scale funding of science and engineering came out of WW-II -- the Manhatten Project and microwave radar.
It is kinda like the early commenters don't know who is paying the bills and why. Oh, noes, the Republicans are making us put some boilerplate sentences into our NSF proposals?
I think people funded through NSF should just chill.
If Ford autos under Mulally's watch was known for bad Microsoft software (Sync is regarded as a source of trouble by Consumer Reports), will Windows start shipping with failing automobile transmissions?
If all cyclists did was inconvenience motorists by "sharing" the road, either by following traffic laws or being a little fast and loose with those laws, that is one thing. But I see cyclists not regarding any need to grant right-of-way to pedestrians.
I am driving in a congested city area with a cyclist tailgating me. A pedestrian is not yet in the cross walk but showing signs of entering a marked cross walk so I start to slow down. Pedestrian enters the walk, the cyclist pulls out from behind me to pass on the right, accelerating as the pedestrian dodges the cyclist.
Yeah, these are only the "rude" cyclists, but you all know about No True Scotsman. "A man with red hair on a bike wearing a kilt almost clobbered a pedestrian in Aberdeen the other day." "No true Scotsman would ride a bike that way!"
I tried various Java profilers and they seemed to offer too much "instrumentation overhead" for what I was doing.
For Java, I use System.nanoTime(). For C++, I use the Windows-specific QueryPerformance() call. So
The technique profilers claim to use is to calibrate the overhead of something like System.nanoTime() with a loop and then subtract the estimated overhead from your instrumented code. The overhead to the nanoTime() calls can even be larger than the execution time of code segments you are trying to measure, but if your estimate is accurate, this works.
I am doing plain add-subract-multiply-divide in a mix of scalar and looped operations on arrays -- if you are doing largely trig or calls into a numeric library, you are timing loops and library calls, not the intrinisic performance of your language.
I am also doing a lot of the OO version of using global variables. Java is supposed to do "escape analysis" where if you allocate inside a method and don't let a reference pass outside, the JIT is supposed to recognize that as a local-context stack allocation, but I am not using an advanced Java version or the right set of JVM flags to get that to work.
For research engineering, I use Java to run the numerical examples of the algorithms I develop although most of the authors in the journals I publish in are using Matlab for this purpose (ewwwwww!). Long time ago I was a Turbo Pascal person as were engineering colleagues who crossed over to Matlab seeking the same kind of ease-of-use. Me, I transitioned to Delphi but now I am with Java and Eclipse -- the Turbo Pascal of the 21st century.
For numeric-intensive work, I can get within 20% of the speed of C++ using the usual techniques -- minimize garbage collection by allocating variables once, use the "server" VM, perform "warmup" iterations in benchmark code to stabilize the JIT. I use the Eclipse IDE, copy and paste numeric results from the Console View into a spreadsheet program, and voila, instant journal article tables.
Um, electricity is only indirectly related to the flow of electrons. Current density is proportional to the time rate-of-change of the electric field. That's it
This definition of current, Maxwell's "displacement current" term not only explains the current flow through the insulator separating the plates of a capacitor, it also defines current in nano-scale circuits where only one electron is moving.
An electron is a point source of an electric field, and if you move the electron, you move the electric field, which means that current flows across boundaries some distance from the exact location of the electron. Yes, there is quantum mechanics and no "exact location of the electron", even more the reason to define current in terms of the change in the electric field.
In light of the importance of this project, the thing is cheap at 600 million -- if they can get it to work. A pretty big if, it seems right now.
In other words, the issue right now is not the cost of the thing but whether any amount of money can make it healthy in the required time.
If this thing doesn't get right, "they" might have to wave the fine/penalty/tax to be payed by people who didn't sign up, which is why there is a political fight right now "shutting down the government"?
I guess the one thing you need to know about the radio is the international distress channel of 121.5? I am told that this channel is monitored, even by pilots in the air in case someone is in trouble and they need to relay instructions?
For a more complex aircraft, maybe the next thing is a pencil and paper to copy some checklists? For all but the simplest GA aircraft, you are probably going to need to have a bunch of switches in the right positions?
. . . getting back at the C-language community for the lame use of "=" as an assignment operator and allowing explicit state changes (assignments -- you still have function evaluation side effect to worry about) within condition tests.
Slashdot Mirror
Yeah, the guy dissed the people letting him go. Dock him a day's pay. Mr Corporate Big Shot, show yourself to be . . . really small.
. . . would be to set back the development of a reliable automobile by over a century! (ba-doom, boom)
The fixtures in question come on automatically for about 60 seconds when someone passes from the house through to the garage. The fixtures use about 2 W each in standby, so yes, I have checked. As to the "low tech" solution of simply operating the light switches, people forget to turn them off, and spouses don't cotton to being called names or being scolded as is the custom in Slashdot comments. The motion detector is convenient and energy saving, and it is a sad day when the "geeks on Slashdot" deride such an approach.
Yes, halogens are a (pricey) answer, and I will probably use halogens if they are available, but my experience is that halogens are only marginally more efficient than incandescents (they are a type of incandescent). They may not be available with the new regs.
I have had 100% FL and CFL in the house, with the exception of 3 of these motion detector fixtures -- the outside of the door, the garage, and the stairway from the garage. The manufacturers recommended against CFLs in these fixtures. Two of them make a click as if there is a relay contact, the third works with an electronic switch like a dimmer, but there are warnings against CFLs in all three. No matter how many times you flip your LEDs on and off, you are not flipping them on 120 times a second with a triac, generating a waveform rich in harmonics that will fry the electronic ballast in an LED bulb not certified for this use.
The argument against the ban is it treats homeowners like primitive peoples who don't know where "babies come from" (never proven -- many alleged primitives have elaborate cultures and rather "conservative" moral standards). A home owner is said to be clueless as to where their electric bill comes from and can't be trusted to make decisions about whether to reserve incandescent light bulbs for light-duty use such as motion detectors, closet lights, lightly used rooms, and so on.
So hydro as a source of electicity weakens my argument? Huh?
A really good gas furnace is 96 percent efficient.
So if you have some spot application, where maybe you don't want the pipes to freeze but you don't want to dial up the thermostat for the whole house, you may come out way ahead on CO2 emissions. And maybe even cost.
Thet manufacturers specify incandescents -- maybe, maybe, dimmable CFL's for LED's won't burn the house down. So there is a place for inefficient incandescents -- in very low duty apps such as these motion detectors, that take advantage of their tolerance of being switched on and off a lot?
These fixtures have saved large amount of electricity as their use is only a couple minutes per day. But I suppose into the landfill they go and I buy new fixtures?
Are you talking about Healthcare.gov? Or are you talking about the virtual-reality helmet for the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter?
So how 'bout Microsoft offering, i.e. selling for coin, a 32-bit in-place upgrade OS that works on 512M? Nah, fuggetabout!
So you can call the great masses of XP users rubes, idiots, and reservoirs of software infection. But guess what, there are rubes, idiots, and people not practicing good tech sanitation. But this will be like the people who won't vaccinate their kids. It isn't just their kids at risk, it is your kids, and maybe even you for getting chicken pox as a 50-year old.
So idiot, idiot, idiot, let's shame people, but what is this going to do? Is Congress going to pass a Computer Protection and Affordable System Patch (CPASP) law? Provide subidies to persons too poor to upgrade. Provide free computers to persons qualifying for Medicaid?
In the off chance that I win, my first phone call will be to Gilbert Levin, the Principal Investigator on the Viking Labeled Release (LR) experiment that gave ambiguous results.
LR was developed by Levin as a way to assay sewage treatment plant effluent without having to wait days for streaked culture plates to show anything. By using a radioactive tracer, organisms can be detected at exceedingly low levels and very quickly by the radio-traced metabolism products.
Levin has been claiming that the Viking LR indeed detected life on Mars, and he has been pleading and scheming to get a "Chiral LR" life-sciences payload onto the surface of Mars to follow up. With NASA, it is nothing doing on this score since the Viking controversy -- they simply don't want to touch another life detection experiment for some reason. I thought the largely British Polar Lander was supposed to have a Levin experiment on it, but it crashed.
On the off chance that I win at Powerball, on the chance that this is enough money to fund a Mars mission, especially after the gummint gets its tax payments, and the chance the rocket works and the payload lands softly on Mars and everything else, and maybe on the remote chance that there is life on Mars and that Gil Levin's improved Labeled LR convinces people, Gilbert Levin will be awarded a Nobel Prize and become and immortal historical figure.
As for me, maybe I will go down in history as the chump who gave up his Powerball winnings?
Bear with me now. A gallon of gasoline, depending on blending and the amount of ethanol has a high heating value (HHV) of about 120,000 BTU per gallon. At 100 percent conversion efficiency, 3400 BTUs gives you 1 kWHr, so 100% conversion of a gallon of gas gives 35.3 kWHr. That is what the EPA means by "eMPG" -- the EPA is assuming 100% conversion efficiency, but that is counteracted by the eMPG rating being artificially high because of that assumption.
Apart from arguments on whether EPA mileage reflects actual mileage, and whether an electric vehicle (EV) takes a "bigger hit" in efficiency in cold weather than a gasoline car, the gasoline MPG combined with the MPG gives you the cents-per-mile; the same holds true for eMPG combined with the kWHr rate according to how eMPG translates into kWHr -- as supplied to the plug connection to the EV. Thus we have "real word" fuel consumption numbers on current-gen gas cars, "real world" kWHr consumption on current-gen EV's, and we don't have to get tied up in knots over figuring all the energy losses in gasoline cars and in EVs.
That Enerdel battery "costs" 18 cents/kWHr, and my Midwestern power company sells me electricity at 14 cents/kWHr. That is, the electric cost is 32 center/kWHr or $11.30 per "electric gallon", but for an EV getting 100 eMPG, that works out to 11 cents/mile.
For gasoline at 4 dollars/gallon (it is cheaper now but will probably climb in price next summer), that works out to 13 cents/mile.
OK, I am sold, that at least from a policy perspective, that if this price on batteries holds up or improves, and if gasoline keeps getting more expensive, a given but you never know for sure, and if electric rates don't increase, not really a given with current policies, or if through Smart Grid that EV owners are given a "deal" for charging at night or other off-peak times, this new battery tech is at least putting the EV "in play."
The other consideration is that $4/gallon is what I pay at the filling station and 14 cents/kWHr is what I pay at home as a retail electric customer. Is this $711 the retail price of that battery pack, or is it the wholesale price to an automobile manufacturer? If I want to replace a 30 kWHr battery pack in a LEAF, do I pay 21 grand or do I pay twice that amount at the Nissan parts counter?
The whole of large-scale funding of science and engineering came out of WW-II -- the Manhatten Project and microwave radar.
It is kinda like the early commenters don't know who is paying the bills and why. Oh, noes, the Republicans are making us put some boilerplate sentences into our NSF proposals?
I think people funded through NSF should just chill.
If Ford autos under Mulally's watch was known for bad Microsoft software (Sync is regarded as a source of trouble by Consumer Reports), will Windows start shipping with failing automobile transmissions?
I think they are going to be prayin' . . . real good!
Hand stands in a bidet? Ewwwwww!
I am driving in a congested city area with a cyclist tailgating me. A pedestrian is not yet in the cross walk but showing signs of entering a marked cross walk so I start to slow down. Pedestrian enters the walk, the cyclist pulls out from behind me to pass on the right, accelerating as the pedestrian dodges the cyclist.
Yeah, these are only the "rude" cyclists, but you all know about No True Scotsman. "A man with red hair on a bike wearing a kilt almost clobbered a pedestrian in Aberdeen the other day." "No true Scotsman would ride a bike that way!"
For Java, I use System.nanoTime(). For C++, I use the Windows-specific QueryPerformance() call. So
The technique profilers claim to use is to calibrate the overhead of something like System.nanoTime() with a loop and then subtract the estimated overhead from your instrumented code. The overhead to the nanoTime() calls can even be larger than the execution time of code segments you are trying to measure, but if your estimate is accurate, this works.
I am doing plain add-subract-multiply-divide in a mix of scalar and looped operations on arrays -- if you are doing largely trig or calls into a numeric library, you are timing loops and library calls, not the intrinisic performance of your language.
I am also doing a lot of the OO version of using global variables. Java is supposed to do "escape analysis" where if you allocate inside a method and don't let a reference pass outside, the JIT is supposed to recognize that as a local-context stack allocation, but I am not using an advanced Java version or the right set of JVM flags to get that to work.
For numeric-intensive work, I can get within 20% of the speed of C++ using the usual techniques -- minimize garbage collection by allocating variables once, use the "server" VM, perform "warmup" iterations in benchmark code to stabilize the JIT. I use the Eclipse IDE, copy and paste numeric results from the Console View into a spreadsheet program, and voila, instant journal article tables.
This definition of current, Maxwell's "displacement current" term not only explains the current flow through the insulator separating the plates of a capacitor, it also defines current in nano-scale circuits where only one electron is moving.
An electron is a point source of an electric field, and if you move the electron, you move the electric field, which means that current flows across boundaries some distance from the exact location of the electron. Yes, there is quantum mechanics and no "exact location of the electron", even more the reason to define current in terms of the change in the electric field.
For something to be a "goddamn" anything, don't you have to believe in God and in divine punishment (i.e. retribution)?
I am also in th5554444&&&&&&
In other words, the issue right now is not the cost of the thing but whether any amount of money can make it healthy in the required time.
If this thing doesn't get right, "they" might have to wave the fine/penalty/tax to be payed by people who didn't sign up, which is why there is a political fight right now "shutting down the government"?
For a more complex aircraft, maybe the next thing is a pencil and paper to copy some checklists? For all but the simplest GA aircraft, you are probably going to need to have a bunch of switches in the right positions?
Gee, Adam and Jaime are essentially geeks who are used to following technical directions -- what is so hard in that?
I mean, is the landing "flare" really that hard?
. . . getting back at the C-language community for the lame use of "=" as an assignment operator and allowing explicit state changes (assignments -- you still have function evaluation side effect to worry about) within condition tests.