When I insisted that the null set should be included the enumeration of subsets in answering a problem on an Information Theory homework, the professor was reminded that his colleague and author of our textbook once asked for "the null license plate" (i.e. a blank plate) for his personalized license plate but was turned down as I was about to be in my request for points back on the assignment.
Whereas there are certain plates you cannot have -- obscenities along with "1" or "A1" or similar license numbers reserved for high government officials or whatever the excuse -- the colleague insisted that a blank plate was not excluded by the rules.
DMV stood firm in rejecting this request, but if anyone, anyone at all in the State of California should have been permitted to have the blank license plate, don't you think they should have granted it to the author of a graduate-level textbook in Information Theory, especially with so many high-ranking academic institutions in math and engineering in that state?
My professor's take on why his colleague should have been granted the null plate is that it could have made it easier for the CHiPs seeing his colleague speeding down the Foothill Freeway, "Quick, get that car's license number! (partner to that officer rips off a blank sheet from a notepad) Here it is!"
Back in the day when Dr. Dobb's Journal and other computer magazines were a thing, one editorial writer was reflecting on how allowing multiple levels of an analog signal could encode more than one bit per symbol or cell or splotch or what have you. The idea was extended to a very hard, dimensionally accurate ruby rod upon which a very thin scribe line was made, and the writer mused that a very large number of bits of data could be encoded on that one physical object.
Since Claude Shannon's insights, Information Theory is also a thing. The number of bits goes linearly with the number of symbols or cells or optical splotches, but it only increases with the logarithm of the number of signal levels represented by those physical objects. A 16 bit unsigned integer can encode 2^16 or 65536 levels, 32 bit encodes about 4 Gig whereas a 64 bit unsigned integer encodes a number of levels exceeding most counts of objects in the known Universe -- think of tale of the king wanting to reward the inventor of the game of chess with anything he wanted, and the dude asked for 2^64 grains of wheat (one grain on the first chessboard square, two grains on the second, four grains on the third, and so on).
Turning this relationship around, scribing that ruby rod to the precision of, dunno, the Planck Length, gets you what, only a 100 bits of storage or something like that?
You are finding a related fallacy in this super video compression scheme?
The Puritans drank. Not so sure they were even that uptight about sex if what is said about "bundling" is true. A young man and a young woman would be placed in a bed with their clothes on and a board between them to decide if they were compatible for marriage. Yeah right.
You were supposed to get married -- celibacy was regarded as an errant Catholic thing. Cheatin', however, was treated severely.
Instead of asking why electricity use has dropped slightly since 2010, why has electricity use increased so much since 1990? I take these figures to be residential electric use because factoring in industrial - factories - and commercial -- offices, stores, and schools, the per capita use would be considerably higher.
Year 1990 doesn't seem like some opening-a-frontier event like rural electrification or replacing coal home heating with home natural gas service. You would think that everyone wanting central A/C by 1990 would have central A/C? What electric use has been a growth market?
Wide-screen TVs? People being wealthy enough to afford bigger McMansion-style houses? Internet surfing? I am not trying to scold anyone "Why do you use so much electricity and I get by with so little." I am genuinely curious as to what accounts for the large growth in electric demand.
You are certainly not throwing shade on me -- I was responding to the collection of responses to my remarks to which I thought you were also addressing, of which your response was by far respectful and professional.
I tell you that I feel that I do not merit, as an authority figure in an academic setting, being called "sir" because I do not have a military rank nor have held a military rank? That I state "whatever my level of authority" as a way of agreeing with you that I have "never experienced the crucible of military life"?
Do you call people who agree with you a "civilian piece of shit" or a "motherfucker" (I guess I thought that sobriquet was reserved by persons in the military to refer affectionately to fellow military personnel who have had special experience with that crucible).
"Four trigger-pull pounds" -- are you as either active duty or a military veteran threatening me? With a service weapon?
I teach at an upper Midwestern public academic institution.
I seem to be getting a lot of shade thrown at me for saying whereas a classroom instructor being called "Chief" or even "sir" is cool, civilian instructors at civilian institutions are not in your chain-of-command, however much the grade in my class affects your career.
I am not asking to be called "Dr." or "Professor", simply "Mr. Familyname." Real doctors call me that, including one trying to get my attention after I had collapsed from a nurse jamming an IV line into a vein. Or you can call me by my first or given name because that is legally who I am.
If the military trains its personnel to address civilians by "sir" or "ma'am", I guess that is OK but as military, you are wearing a uniform conveying authority, and I am used to persons in authority from my instructors during my adult life to a doctor to whom I am a patient to police officers calling me "Mr. Familyname." In my role as a teacher at an academic institution, the military is "sending you" to my classroom to learn valuable skills in relation so your military career, if you are in my engineering classroom as part of becoming a military officer, your career very likely will involve interactions with civilian contractors and engineers, and in my role as an educator, I am trying to gently suggest that however cool it seems to us civilians to be given honorary military titles, we remain civilians.
One more thing: I think the President of the United States answering the salute of his Marine Guard is really lame, especially if the President never served. If I were President, I would ask the military commanders if it is really appropriate that I answer the salute, and if they say yes, I would get someone to teach me how to do it right rather than make a mockery of it. The Russian President never answers the salute of his honor guard, and they tell me he held a military rank in the KGB.
As to who has the pine cone stuck someplace, if military personnel coming into my classroom have such a 'tude on them regarding what I seek to teach, either math, science, engineering, or my expectations for professional conduct in the engineering workplace, Heaven help all of us. But as someone else here suggested, and AC or even someone under a handle can claim to be military.
Can you port a complete XP image, apps and all, into a VM? Or do you need to do a clean install of XP? Not having to reinstall apps for which the installation media is at the bottom of the sock drawer is the whole point of keeping the old box.
And there is the point of having enough resources on the new box to run a VM along with having the wherewithal to install and manage a VM. I'm not a system administrator, to my knowledge off-the-shelf computers don't come pre-configured with a VM, a VM Manager is something that can cost coin, depending on what you want, and setting one up is yet another skill to learn.
The XP box was the outcome of hobby computing that had seen an accretion of motherboard and processor updates in parallel with OS updates from DOS to 95 to 98 to XP. I have all of the upgrade licenses in the sock drawer, but it is anyone's guess whether I could install XP in a VM with the disks and activation codes that I have. Microsoft hasn't abandoned the hobbyist market, but they have a different model now -- there are no disks, no activation codes: I guess the Windows 10 license is tied to a particular processor/motherboard combination that gets registered over the Internet when you activate that license.
I suppose the women and men in uniform calling you "Chief" is assigning an equivalent military title to your role as an instructor-who-is-not-called-professor? Professors are like commissioned officers so they attribute to you a non-commissioned officer's rank?
The only thing is that persons in uniform calling me sir, (or ma'am in your case) puts me a little at unease because whatever my level of authority, I am not serving in the military and I have not served in the military.
Given the U.S. Constitution (you are, USian?), students serving in the military need to learn the proper etiquette for relating to civilians in positions of authority. Mr. and Ms. would be appropriate. Especially military personnel being trained as officer will have such interactions with civilians in positions of authority.
I call my students Mr. Smith or Ms. Jones. I regard this taking the initiative in establishing an environment of professionalism.
As far as what students call me, I don't insist upon Dr. or Professor -- I guess part of this was the influence of a research laboratory of a large national provider of telecommunications services that would not use such titles. All I ask of students that they address me by my properly assigned legal name, and if they call me by my first name, I am fine by that because that is who I am.
The upgrade path from XP upward is not like the path from 7 to 10. You don't get to keep your apps without reinstalling everything, and it is very unlikely you can keep your existing computer.
The disruption is immense, and they only way forward for me was running a USB hub to allow switching between computers piled on my desk and keeping my old XP box at the ready in case there was some critical app to which I had lost the installation. media that I needed.
As to the people who "downgraded" to XP, I never experienced Vista because so much shade was thrown on it. Maybe Vista was clunky slow because it was no different than 7 but it was advertised as running on hardware that you wouldn't think as being compatible with 7?
Label me cynical but dumb. Oh, noes, XP is ten . . . years . . . old! It's this stupid obsolescence culture -- Fred has been coding for us for 10 years -- fire him and get a new person.
When we would pull up to my brother-in-law's farm, his dog would intently sniff all four tires of our car. Was the dog forming a mental image of the trip over hundred's of miles of highway that took us there?
Hey look, with ToD the peak rates are considerably more, but look at how much less your off-peak rates -- savings!
Whatever your current usage pattern, it ends up costing more than what you are doing now. Only after insane time shifting do you even break even. When it was offered to me, ToD was a scheme to raise my rates.
But that's the point of these schemes -- to raise revenue.
You are certainly correct that a one-trial experiment does not substantiate an effective treatment for Parkinson's.
Besides the placebo effect, besides that the degree of symptoms in any given patient can come and go, there were all manner of brain-stimulation or cell-transplant experiments that didn't transfer from the "let's try this on a patient" to the next level of clinical trial.
The 10,000 times faster is this clearly unattainable goal, but just like the NP-Complete problems used in cryptography, no one knows for sure if P == NP or if there is some clever hack.
If you submit a solution anywhere near a 10,000 speedup, these guys with HKs wearing Ninja suits will come to your house, slap a bag over your head, and you will wake up on this island where you will be assigned a number and where this menacing beach-ball device will prevent you from ever returning home.
Why FORTRAN is so good for this problem domain is that it is so brain dead, far-from-orthogonal, ancient, and has all these odd specifications (one of them at least used to be that a FOR loop could not be evaluated zero times).
Compilers can optimize the "stuff" out of FORTRAN; C, C++, not quite as much. The clever equivalency between pointers and array references confounds optimization "tricks" used in FORTRAN compilers.
Java may even be a better for optimization than C or C++, and there are at least some micro benchmarks where the JIT can do things that C doesn't facilitate.
Slashdot Mirror
How do you find anything in thirty two or whatever number of terrabytes? Are their algorithms to search for certain patterns?
And factual commentary on your personal life experience and commuting conditions in relation to the Google project merits down-moderation?
So, which is it?
When I insisted that the null set should be included the enumeration of subsets in answering a problem on an Information Theory homework, the professor was reminded that his colleague and author of our textbook once asked for "the null license plate" (i.e. a blank plate) for his personalized license plate but was turned down as I was about to be in my request for points back on the assignment.
Whereas there are certain plates you cannot have -- obscenities along with "1" or "A1" or similar license numbers reserved for high government officials or whatever the excuse -- the colleague insisted that a blank plate was not excluded by the rules.
DMV stood firm in rejecting this request, but if anyone, anyone at all in the State of California should have been permitted to have the blank license plate, don't you think they should have granted it to the author of a graduate-level textbook in Information Theory, especially with so many high-ranking academic institutions in math and engineering in that state?
My professor's take on why his colleague should have been granted the null plate is that it could have made it easier for the CHiPs seeing his colleague speeding down the Foothill Freeway, "Quick, get that car's license number! (partner to that officer rips off a blank sheet from a notepad) Here it is!"
Back in the day when Dr. Dobb's Journal and other computer magazines were a thing, one editorial writer was reflecting on how allowing multiple levels of an analog signal could encode more than one bit per symbol or cell or splotch or what have you. The idea was extended to a very hard, dimensionally accurate ruby rod upon which a very thin scribe line was made, and the writer mused that a very large number of bits of data could be encoded on that one physical object.
Since Claude Shannon's insights, Information Theory is also a thing. The number of bits goes linearly with the number of symbols or cells or optical splotches, but it only increases with the logarithm of the number of signal levels represented by those physical objects. A 16 bit unsigned integer can encode 2^16 or 65536 levels, 32 bit encodes about 4 Gig whereas a 64 bit unsigned integer encodes a number of levels exceeding most counts of objects in the known Universe -- think of tale of the king wanting to reward the inventor of the game of chess with anything he wanted, and the dude asked for 2^64 grains of wheat (one grain on the first chessboard square, two grains on the second, four grains on the third, and so on).
Turning this relationship around, scribing that ruby rod to the precision of, dunno, the Planck Length, gets you what, only a 100 bits of storage or something like that?
You are finding a related fallacy in this super video compression scheme?
The Puritans drank. Not so sure they were even that uptight about sex if what is said about "bundling" is true. A young man and a young woman would be placed in a bed with their clothes on and a board between them to decide if they were compatible for marriage. Yeah right.
You were supposed to get married -- celibacy was regarded as an errant Catholic thing. Cheatin', however, was treated severely.
Instead of asking why electricity use has dropped slightly since 2010, why has electricity use increased so much since 1990? I take these figures to be residential electric use because factoring in industrial - factories - and commercial -- offices, stores, and schools, the per capita use would be considerably higher.
Year 1990 doesn't seem like some opening-a-frontier event like rural electrification or replacing coal home heating with home natural gas service. You would think that everyone wanting central A/C by 1990 would have central A/C? What electric use has been a growth market?
Wide-screen TVs? People being wealthy enough to afford bigger McMansion-style houses? Internet surfing? I am not trying to scold anyone "Why do you use so much electricity and I get by with so little." I am genuinely curious as to what accounts for the large growth in electric demand.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/...
Manager Musk Must Mean More Money!
You are certainly not throwing shade on me -- I was responding to the collection of responses to my remarks to which I thought you were also addressing, of which your response was by far respectful and professional.
Thanks!
I tell you that I feel that I do not merit, as an authority figure in an academic setting, being called "sir" because I do not have a military rank nor have held a military rank? That I state "whatever my level of authority" as a way of agreeing with you that I have "never experienced the crucible of military life"?
Do you call people who agree with you a "civilian piece of shit" or a "motherfucker" (I guess I thought that sobriquet was reserved by persons in the military to refer affectionately to fellow military personnel who have had special experience with that crucible).
"Four trigger-pull pounds" -- are you as either active duty or a military veteran threatening me? With a service weapon?
I teach at an upper Midwestern public academic institution.
I seem to be getting a lot of shade thrown at me for saying whereas a classroom instructor being called "Chief" or even "sir" is cool, civilian instructors at civilian institutions are not in your chain-of-command, however much the grade in my class affects your career.
I am not asking to be called "Dr." or "Professor", simply "Mr. Familyname." Real doctors call me that, including one trying to get my attention after I had collapsed from a nurse jamming an IV line into a vein. Or you can call me by my first or given name because that is legally who I am.
If the military trains its personnel to address civilians by "sir" or "ma'am", I guess that is OK but as military, you are wearing a uniform conveying authority, and I am used to persons in authority from my instructors during my adult life to a doctor to whom I am a patient to police officers calling me "Mr. Familyname." In my role as a teacher at an academic institution, the military is "sending you" to my classroom to learn valuable skills in relation so your military career, if you are in my engineering classroom as part of becoming a military officer, your career very likely will involve interactions with civilian contractors and engineers, and in my role as an educator, I am trying to gently suggest that however cool it seems to us civilians to be given honorary military titles, we remain civilians.
One more thing: I think the President of the United States answering the salute of his Marine Guard is really lame, especially if the President never served. If I were President, I would ask the military commanders if it is really appropriate that I answer the salute, and if they say yes, I would get someone to teach me how to do it right rather than make a mockery of it. The Russian President never answers the salute of his honor guard, and they tell me he held a military rank in the KGB.
As to who has the pine cone stuck someplace, if military personnel coming into my classroom have such a 'tude on them regarding what I seek to teach, either math, science, engineering, or my expectations for professional conduct in the engineering workplace, Heaven help all of us. But as someone else here suggested, and AC or even someone under a handle can claim to be military.
Can you port a complete XP image, apps and all, into a VM? Or do you need to do a clean install of XP? Not having to reinstall apps for which the installation media is at the bottom of the sock drawer is the whole point of keeping the old box.
And there is the point of having enough resources on the new box to run a VM along with having the wherewithal to install and manage a VM. I'm not a system administrator, to my knowledge off-the-shelf computers don't come pre-configured with a VM, a VM Manager is something that can cost coin, depending on what you want, and setting one up is yet another skill to learn.
The XP box was the outcome of hobby computing that had seen an accretion of motherboard and processor updates in parallel with OS updates from DOS to 95 to 98 to XP. I have all of the upgrade licenses in the sock drawer, but it is anyone's guess whether I could install XP in a VM with the disks and activation codes that I have. Microsoft hasn't abandoned the hobbyist market, but they have a different model now -- there are no disks, no activation codes: I guess the Windows 10 license is tied to a particular processor/motherboard combination that gets registered over the Internet when you activate that license.
I suppose the women and men in uniform calling you "Chief" is assigning an equivalent military title to your role as an instructor-who-is-not-called-professor? Professors are like commissioned officers so they attribute to you a non-commissioned officer's rank?
The only thing is that persons in uniform calling me sir, (or ma'am in your case) puts me a little at unease because whatever my level of authority, I am not serving in the military and I have not served in the military.
Given the U.S. Constitution (you are, USian?), students serving in the military need to learn the proper etiquette for relating to civilians in positions of authority. Mr. and Ms. would be appropriate. Especially military personnel being trained as officer will have such interactions with civilians in positions of authority.
I call my students Mr. Smith or Ms. Jones. I regard this taking the initiative in establishing an environment of professionalism.
As far as what students call me, I don't insist upon Dr. or Professor -- I guess part of this was the influence of a research laboratory of a large national provider of telecommunications services that would not use such titles. All I ask of students that they address me by my properly assigned legal name, and if they call me by my first name, I am fine by that because that is who I am.
C'mon people.
The upgrade path from XP upward is not like the path from 7 to 10. You don't get to keep your apps without reinstalling everything, and it is very unlikely you can keep your existing computer.
The disruption is immense, and they only way forward for me was running a USB hub to allow switching between computers piled on my desk and keeping my old XP box at the ready in case there was some critical app to which I had lost the installation. media that I needed.
As to the people who "downgraded" to XP, I never experienced Vista because so much shade was thrown on it. Maybe Vista was clunky slow because it was no different than 7 but it was advertised as running on hardware that you wouldn't think as being compatible with 7?
Label me cynical but dumb. Oh, noes, XP is ten . . . years . . . old! It's this stupid obsolescence culture -- Fred has been coding for us for 10 years -- fire him and get a new person.
in order to save it?
When we would pull up to my brother-in-law's farm, his dog would intently sniff all four tires of our car. Was the dog forming a mental image of the trip over hundred's of miles of highway that took us there?
That's not a bug but a feature?
A police dog is smarter than an FBI Director?
then why do they plant their faces into piles of dung? Can't they just get a whiff of the leavings of other animals from a distance?
Hey look, with ToD the peak rates are considerably more, but look at how much less your off-peak rates -- savings!
Whatever your current usage pattern, it ends up costing more than what you are doing now. Only after insane time shifting do you even break even. When it was offered to me, ToD was a scheme to raise my rates.
But that's the point of these schemes -- to raise revenue.
You are certainly correct that a one-trial experiment does not substantiate an effective treatment for Parkinson's.
Besides the placebo effect, besides that the degree of symptoms in any given patient can come and go, there were all manner of brain-stimulation or cell-transplant experiments that didn't transfer from the "let's try this on a patient" to the next level of clinical trial.
The 10,000 times faster is this clearly unattainable goal, but just like the NP-Complete problems used in cryptography, no one knows for sure if P == NP or if there is some clever hack.
If you submit a solution anywhere near a 10,000 speedup, these guys with HKs wearing Ninja suits will come to your house, slap a bag over your head, and you will wake up on this island where you will be assigned a number and where this menacing beach-ball device will prevent you from ever returning home.
I'm not dead, yet!
Why FORTRAN is so good for this problem domain is that it is so brain dead, far-from-orthogonal, ancient, and has all these odd specifications (one of them at least used to be that a FOR loop could not be evaluated zero times).
Compilers can optimize the "stuff" out of FORTRAN; C, C++, not quite as much. The clever equivalency between pointers and array references confounds optimization "tricks" used in FORTRAN compilers.
Java may even be a better for optimization than C or C++, and there are at least some micro benchmarks where the JIT can do things that C doesn't facilitate.
Eww, people eat that dreck?