So it worked the same if they did acupuncture or didnt do acupuncture. What does this say about the quality of the study?
It says it's a good study, because they isolated adenosine as being the cause of the pain relief. If they hadn't done that, they couldn't say for sure that the adenosine released by the acupuncture was the mechanism.
Oh well yeah, Tylenol isn't going to do anything for surgery pain. Real prescription-only painkillers then, please!
But for common aches, pains, headaches, and fever, Tylenol can be effective. I wouldn't take Codeine for a twisted ankle, but I'll want something and acetaminophen helps.
Personally I am attracted to the alternative Electric Universe theory because they recognize a need to back up their statements with laboratory experiments, and with theories that do have a great deal of proof behind them, such as the behavior of plasma.
LOL.
Electric Universe holds that the solar wind is caused by the sun's electric charge, creating a current of protons outward.
Actual experiment indicates that the solar wind is comprised of roughly equal amounts of protons and electrons traveling outward from the sun. With no net movement of charge there is no current, and Coulomb's Law says an electric field cannot move oppositely charged particles in the same direction, both indicating (though it's really one thing, the Theory of Electromagnetism) that the Sun has no net charge.
As one would expect from the well-verified theory of plasma behavior, the majority of which are quasi-neutral, with those that aren't being necessarily non-dense.
So, yeah, they ignore experiments that prove their most basic premises wrong, and don't even understand the well-established theory their ideas are allegedly based on.
But hey, I can't tell you who you should be attracted to.
Should we be concerned that only 30% of scientists adopt a position of agnosticism towards matters of religion? Surely in the absence of reproducible evidence either way, the scientific position is to be non-committal?
No, because even for a scientist there is a difference between the scientifically verifiable reality and personal belief.
There's nothing wrong with a scientist having a belief. There's nothing wrong with saying "I believe the Luminiferous Aether exists" or "I believe dark matter consists of WIMPs" or even "I believe that Yahweh, God of Abraham, created the universe we see around us," and for that matter "I believe neither he nor any other God exists".
Having beliefs is just fine. The difference is that your belief is not a substitute for nor an argument against scientifically verifiable reality. If you believe in the Luminiferous Aether, that's fine, but you have to demonstrate it with experiment before you can claim your belief is also reality. If your belief is not subject to experiment (i.e. "God exists"), then your belief it must remain.
Scientists are humans, and humans believe things. I personally think we're better for it; it makes us strive for goals that are out of sight and out of reach. I'm a little alarmed by the number of people who, embracing rationality, say that you should not believe in anything that isn't empirical reality. That anyone who claims to be a scientist must always be rational. Despite that there is no evidence that a human being can be completely rational, and tremendous evidence that reason and logic are just tricks our emotional mammal brains use when convenient and discard as soon as they aren't. In other words, they themselves hold the belief that they are rational.
Huh? The OT is part of the bible and is part of the basis of Christianity. Being a Christian REQUIRES one to believe the OT.
Believing, and treating like a physics and biology textbook, are different things.
Being a Christian is most importantly about believing in Christ, and following His teachings are more important than following the OT. For example, the OT says to honor the sabbath by not performing any labor. When Jesus walked around picking fruit on the sabbath, people yelled at him for not honoring the sabbath. Jesus said the sabbath (and by implication the law) was made for mankind, not the other way around.
So when the OT says to stone adulteresses and witches, and Jesus says the most important commandment is to love thy neighbor as thyself, and to let he who is without sin cast the first stone, it's hardly being a "cafeteria Christian" to listen to Jesus.
Besides, I've never known any Christian fundamentalist or not who took the prohibition against shellfish seriously.:P
I learned about Tucker, in the 80s I think, in a docu-drama I saw on TV. In the movie, the way the Big 3 ran him out of town was by arguing to the Feds that the Tucker headlights which turned along with the steering wheel -- you know, to illuminate where you're actually going, not a line tangential to that path -- was actually unsafe.
Every time I'm driving through the maze-like and under-lit streets of my suburban development at night, I think about that movie and wish I had those turning headlights.
*Huey's Imagination* Huey Freeman: Excuse me. Everyone, I have a brief announcement to make. Jesus was black, Ronald Reagan was the devil, and the government is lying about 9-11. Thank you for your time and good night. White People: Oh my God! [screaming and panicking ensue]
*Huey's Reality* Huey Freeman: I'm tryin' to explain to you that Ronald Reagan was the devil. Ronald Wilson Reagan? Each of his names has six letters? 6-6-6? Man, doesn't that offend you? White People: Aw, he's so cute!
Kepler and COROT are starting to return results. They'll need a decade or two to identify Jupiters and Kepler will need 4 or 5 years to identify an Earth or Mars.
Wouldn't it take Kepler at least 24 years and at most 36 to detect an "exo-Jupiter"? It needs to see two occlusions to even suspect that there is a planet, and a third occlusion to verify that the occlusion is in fact periodic. So that's at least two full orbits, and nearly 3 if we turned Kepler on right after the exo-Jupiter passed over its star.
I disagree. Flash memory erases whole blocks in one go (with a high-voltage pulse). It should be simple enough to check that the whole block got properly erased during the erase part of the write cycle. If not, that is a worn-out sector, and can be marked as such with no loss of data.
Do flash drives actually do that? Read the block between erase and program cycles, I mean. I would have thought they would only read it once after the write is complete, if you were trying to detect bad blocks. As long as you didn't throw away the data buffer prior to checking if it worked, you wouldn't lose data either way. Wouldn't you have to know that the block wasn't all zeroes, or do another read prior to the erase?
The main failure mode occurs because charge builds up in the gate oxide (the insulator between the floating gate and the substrate).
Oh, yeah, I thought you were talking about reading data from blocks that had been written too many times. They're readable, but the data is likely to be garbage.
Other blocks would still be fine, probably both readable and writable.
The control logic for the memory will last as long as any CMOS circuitry, which is to say a pretty long time. Enough of the drive would have been rendered unusable to make you replace the whole thing before electron migration damaged control logic and prevented you from accessing the drive at all, most likely.
does something magical happen on the last night of your 17th year that renders you mature?
No.
Instead the rest of society magically stops caring if you aren't mature.
Nobody thinks that every person over age 18 is mature enough to make good decisions about their body, and thus no 18+ person is being taken advantage of in the porn industry.
We just stop viewing that as a problem for anyone but the immature adult.
Different cultures view this issue differently, and you can feel free to argue that our culture has decided the age is too late. But you can't argue against the existence of such a cultural norm by characterizing it as a "magical maturity date", because that's not what it is.
A SSD with flash that averages 1,000,000 writes before blocks start to fail but does it gracefully with little/no data loss could be better than one that averages 2,000,000 but goes out in a blaze of glory as soon as the first block fails.
That depends on how you define "better", and for my personal definition, it depends on exactly how glorious a blaze it is.:)
(Being a software guy rather than a Flash memory guy, I wouldn't want to guess whether over-erased cells would be at logic 1, logic 0 or a mix of the two.)
Well I'm not an expert on flash, but I know a little about how they work. In NOR flash the data line is pulled up to one, so that's the default state for any bit. There's a transistor connected to ground, and if the floating gate has a charge in it and the transistor is on, then it pulls the data line down to 0. "Erasing" a NOR flash sets all the bits to 1, and programming it sets certain bits to 0.
The most common failure mode as I understand it is that electrons get trapped in the floating gate even after erase cycles such that it's very close to or over Vt for the transistor, so that bit would be stuck in the "programmed" state of logic 0.
NAND memory is the opposite, the erased state is 0 and the programmed state is 1, so a permanently charged floating gate should result in a stuck-at-1 fault.
Which, relating to the OP's question, means either way the memory wouldn't be good for much of anything. Your NAND SSD is going to fail during an erase-program (aka "write") cycle, and except in the extremely unlikely case that the pattern you were writing did not involve changing any previously stored 1s to 0s on stuck bits, then the result is going to be wrong. You could read it, but you'd be reading the wrong data.
Asteroid impacts are fine and even very useful for wiping out stagnant populations (like the dinosaurs) and giving room for new species to develop into
Um I'm not aware of any evidence that dinosaurs were "stagnant". They were continuously evolving to fill niches as environments changed, and exceptionally successful at doing so.
The K-T Event was obviously "useful" from the perspective of us mammals since it gave us a chance to shine and fill niches the dinosaurs previously had. It's conceivable mammals still would have out-competed dinosaurs eventually, but anything but guaranteed. So from our perspective it was a good thing.
But saying the mass extinctions of the past were "useful" from a neutral viewpoint because they got rid of "stagnant" groups like the dinosaurs sounds like an unjustified value judgment to me.
Weather, seismic activity, it all plays a role. I definitely think our planet has a good chance of being reasonably unique.
Unique, sure. Snowflakes are unique, but the differences rarely matter.
What I'm saying is, sure there will be plenty of planets with properties that make it difficult if not impossible for life to evolve. Sure our planet has a unique set of circumstances. In between, there's a wide variety of possible planets where life could hypothetically evolve, just with a different path than ours. And so far there's little evidence that this wide gray area is unpopulated (though sadly little evidence *for* these planets, but our ability to detect those planets if they exist is quite limited).
Re:in other news, cementing the BP CEO has started
on
Gulf Oil Leak Plugged?
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· Score: 1
And here, in a nutshell, the problem with American politics. It doesn't matter how bad we are, as long as you are worse.
Yeah? Well politics in Afghanistan are worse.
Re:in other news, cementing the BP CEO has started
on
Gulf Oil Leak Plugged?
·
· Score: 2, Insightful
Well if they can't drill it at 5000', maybe you shouldn't be driving your car?
Good point!
Let's all work to reduce our oil consumption. I drive a fuel efficient economy car, and avoid disposable plastic whenever possible, but I'm sure there's more I can do. I'm sure there's more you can do. I'm sure there's more the EPA can do to get companies to use more sustainable practices and consume less energy.
That was your point, wasn't it? That if we want to avoid doing dangerous things like drilling for oil in mile-deep water, we need to reduce oil consumption as much as possible. That we all need to take responsibility, and thus take reasonable but decisive action at all levels.
I hope it wasn't some crap like "if you use any petroleum products at all you cannot suggest that we should drill less oil."
I've never had Tetris dreams, but after spending 80 hours over spring break doing VLSI (what was I thinking), I did dream about being attacked by colorful rectangular geometry and having to make it all fit together to make it stop. Does that count?
What's that you say? I just copied that from TFA? Well if you knew that was in TFA, why'd you ask?
I honestly had no idea. But now that you told me, I can riff on you for copy-pasta, you karma whore you, while still avoiding the article myself. Thanks! =D
The real shame as far as space exploration is that we have neither a domestic replacement craft, nor a plan to create one. We're supposed to just wait (and hope and pray) that the private sector can satisfy our manned launch vehicle needs, even though none of them are close.
If you're lamenting that we didn't create and implement a realistic plan for developing a shuttle successor thirty years ago like we should have, then we're in complete agreement.
If you're lamenting the loss of the shuttle replacement program we did actually have, then, well... You should realize that private industry is quite a bit closer than that program was, even if you assume all the delays and budget overruns that have plagued that program suddenly ceased to be.
There is no scenario, starting with circumstances as they existed in 2009, where we weren't dependent on the Russians for some time, and where private industry wasn't likely to beat NASA to providing the same service.
AFAIK, all the private space companies are looking at tourism, not rendesvous with the ISS, Hubble, or science missions. There's also no plan to incentivize this development that I'm aware of.
Actually, ISS resupply missions is the very first thing SpaceX is going to be doing under contract from NASA. Science missions are one of the first uses of their Dragon capsule (called 'DragonLab') that they're planning as well. There are lots of incentives to develop this stuff, at least if the proposed NASA budget passes Congress.
My personal prediction: Private industry will be ferrying people to the ISS before 2016, the first year Ares I would have realistically yet optimistically (i.e. without further delays) have been able to do the same.
If Lawrence Fishburne is there wearing a trenchcoat, telling me he's not sure if I'm ready to see what he wants to show me, and trying to get me to take colorful pills, I'm going to be praying it is a Matrix-sequel dream.
I think it's better to view this as two distinct discoveries:
1) He showed that a computer virus can be transmitted from one computer to another.
So, something even the most computer illiterate person has known for decades.
2) He showed that having one of the computers inside a living organism doesn't grant it magic anti-virus powers and somehow prevent (1).
Something only the remarkably and creatively crazy ever thought wouldn't be the case.
I'm pretty impressed at the banality.
Next up for the illustrious University of Reading: Butcher knives can chop your dick off, even if you're thinking about Marshmallow Peeps while swinging the blade!
I once had a cold and sneezed on my keyboard. Does that make me the first human to infect a computer???
No, because the computer didn't "catch" the virus.
Now if there was a hamster living inside your computer, and that hamster caught your cold, then you could with equal veracity claim to have infected your computer with a cold.
Slashdot Mirror
So it worked the same if they did acupuncture or didnt do acupuncture. What does this say about the quality of the study?
It says it's a good study, because they isolated adenosine as being the cause of the pain relief. If they hadn't done that, they couldn't say for sure that the adenosine released by the acupuncture was the mechanism.
Oh well yeah, Tylenol isn't going to do anything for surgery pain. Real prescription-only painkillers then, please!
But for common aches, pains, headaches, and fever, Tylenol can be effective. I wouldn't take Codeine for a twisted ankle, but I'll want something and acetaminophen helps.
Personally I am attracted to the alternative Electric Universe theory because they recognize a need to back up their statements with laboratory experiments, and with theories that do have a great deal of proof behind them, such as the behavior of plasma.
LOL.
Electric Universe holds that the solar wind is caused by the sun's electric charge, creating a current of protons outward.
Actual experiment indicates that the solar wind is comprised of roughly equal amounts of protons and electrons traveling outward from the sun. With no net movement of charge there is no current, and Coulomb's Law says an electric field cannot move oppositely charged particles in the same direction, both indicating (though it's really one thing, the Theory of Electromagnetism) that the Sun has no net charge.
As one would expect from the well-verified theory of plasma behavior, the majority of which are quasi-neutral, with those that aren't being necessarily non-dense.
So, yeah, they ignore experiments that prove their most basic premises wrong, and don't even understand the well-established theory their ideas are allegedly based on.
But hey, I can't tell you who you should be attracted to.
Should we be concerned that only 30% of scientists adopt a position of agnosticism towards matters of religion? Surely in the absence of reproducible evidence either way, the scientific position is to be non-committal?
No, because even for a scientist there is a difference between the scientifically verifiable reality and personal belief.
There's nothing wrong with a scientist having a belief. There's nothing wrong with saying "I believe the Luminiferous Aether exists" or "I believe dark matter consists of WIMPs" or even "I believe that Yahweh, God of Abraham, created the universe we see around us," and for that matter "I believe neither he nor any other God exists".
Having beliefs is just fine. The difference is that your belief is not a substitute for nor an argument against scientifically verifiable reality. If you believe in the Luminiferous Aether, that's fine, but you have to demonstrate it with experiment before you can claim your belief is also reality. If your belief is not subject to experiment (i.e. "God exists"), then your belief it must remain.
Scientists are humans, and humans believe things. I personally think we're better for it; it makes us strive for goals that are out of sight and out of reach. I'm a little alarmed by the number of people who, embracing rationality, say that you should not believe in anything that isn't empirical reality. That anyone who claims to be a scientist must always be rational. Despite that there is no evidence that a human being can be completely rational, and tremendous evidence that reason and logic are just tricks our emotional mammal brains use when convenient and discard as soon as they aren't. In other words, they themselves hold the belief that they are rational.
Huh? The OT is part of the bible and is part of the basis of Christianity. Being a Christian REQUIRES one to believe the OT.
Believing, and treating like a physics and biology textbook, are different things.
Being a Christian is most importantly about believing in Christ, and following His teachings are more important than following the OT. For example, the OT says to honor the sabbath by not performing any labor. When Jesus walked around picking fruit on the sabbath, people yelled at him for not honoring the sabbath. Jesus said the sabbath (and by implication the law) was made for mankind, not the other way around.
So when the OT says to stone adulteresses and witches, and Jesus says the most important commandment is to love thy neighbor as thyself, and to let he who is without sin cast the first stone, it's hardly being a "cafeteria Christian" to listen to Jesus.
Besides, I've never known any Christian fundamentalist or not who took the prohibition against shellfish seriously. :P
I learned about Tucker, in the 80s I think, in a docu-drama I saw on TV. In the movie, the way the Big 3 ran him out of town was by arguing to the Feds that the Tucker headlights which turned along with the steering wheel -- you know, to illuminate where you're actually going, not a line tangential to that path -- was actually unsafe.
Every time I'm driving through the maze-like and under-lit streets of my suburban development at night, I think about that movie and wish I had those turning headlights.
*Huey's Imagination*
Huey Freeman: Excuse me. Everyone, I have a brief announcement to make. Jesus was black, Ronald Reagan was the devil, and the government is lying about 9-11. Thank you for your time and good night.
White People: Oh my God! [screaming and panicking ensue]
*Huey's Reality*
Huey Freeman: I'm tryin' to explain to you that Ronald Reagan was the devil. Ronald Wilson Reagan? Each of his names has six letters? 6-6-6? Man, doesn't that offend you?
White People: Aw, he's so cute!
Kepler and COROT are starting to return results. They'll need a decade or two to identify Jupiters and Kepler will need 4 or 5 years to identify an Earth or Mars.
Wouldn't it take Kepler at least 24 years and at most 36 to detect an "exo-Jupiter"? It needs to see two occlusions to even suspect that there is a planet, and a third occlusion to verify that the occlusion is in fact periodic. So that's at least two full orbits, and nearly 3 if we turned Kepler on right after the exo-Jupiter passed over its star.
I disagree. Flash memory erases whole blocks in one go (with a high-voltage pulse). It should be simple enough to check that the whole block got properly erased during the erase part of the write cycle. If not, that is a worn-out sector, and can be marked as such with no loss of data.
Do flash drives actually do that? Read the block between erase and program cycles, I mean. I would have thought they would only read it once after the write is complete, if you were trying to detect bad blocks. As long as you didn't throw away the data buffer prior to checking if it worked, you wouldn't lose data either way. Wouldn't you have to know that the block wasn't all zeroes, or do another read prior to the erase?
The main failure mode occurs because charge builds up in the gate oxide (the insulator between the floating gate and the substrate).
Ah, the oxide, not the gate itself.
Oh, yeah, I thought you were talking about reading data from blocks that had been written too many times. They're readable, but the data is likely to be garbage.
Other blocks would still be fine, probably both readable and writable.
The control logic for the memory will last as long as any CMOS circuitry, which is to say a pretty long time. Enough of the drive would have been rendered unusable to make you replace the whole thing before electron migration damaged control logic and prevented you from accessing the drive at all, most likely.
does something magical happen on the last night of your 17th year that renders you mature?
No.
Instead the rest of society magically stops caring if you aren't mature.
Nobody thinks that every person over age 18 is mature enough to make good decisions about their body, and thus no 18+ person is being taken advantage of in the porn industry.
We just stop viewing that as a problem for anyone but the immature adult.
Different cultures view this issue differently, and you can feel free to argue that our culture has decided the age is too late. But you can't argue against the existence of such a cultural norm by characterizing it as a "magical maturity date", because that's not what it is.
A SSD with flash that averages 1,000,000 writes before blocks start to fail but does it gracefully with little/no data loss could be better than one that averages 2,000,000 but goes out in a blaze of glory as soon as the first block fails.
That depends on how you define "better", and for my personal definition, it depends on exactly how glorious a blaze it is. :)
(Being a software guy rather than a Flash memory guy, I wouldn't want to guess whether over-erased cells would be at logic 1, logic 0 or a mix of the two.)
Well I'm not an expert on flash, but I know a little about how they work. In NOR flash the data line is pulled up to one, so that's the default state for any bit. There's a transistor connected to ground, and if the floating gate has a charge in it and the transistor is on, then it pulls the data line down to 0. "Erasing" a NOR flash sets all the bits to 1, and programming it sets certain bits to 0.
The most common failure mode as I understand it is that electrons get trapped in the floating gate even after erase cycles such that it's very close to or over Vt for the transistor, so that bit would be stuck in the "programmed" state of logic 0.
NAND memory is the opposite, the erased state is 0 and the programmed state is 1, so a permanently charged floating gate should result in a stuck-at-1 fault.
Which, relating to the OP's question, means either way the memory wouldn't be good for much of anything. Your NAND SSD is going to fail during an erase-program (aka "write") cycle, and except in the extremely unlikely case that the pattern you were writing did not involve changing any previously stored 1s to 0s on stuck bits, then the result is going to be wrong. You could read it, but you'd be reading the wrong data.
Now do that a million more times and we'll see if you wear out. Don't forget to include the live video feed.
Asteroid impacts are fine and even very useful for wiping out stagnant populations (like the dinosaurs) and giving room for new species to develop into
Um I'm not aware of any evidence that dinosaurs were "stagnant". They were continuously evolving to fill niches as environments changed, and exceptionally successful at doing so.
The K-T Event was obviously "useful" from the perspective of us mammals since it gave us a chance to shine and fill niches the dinosaurs previously had. It's conceivable mammals still would have out-competed dinosaurs eventually, but anything but guaranteed. So from our perspective it was a good thing.
But saying the mass extinctions of the past were "useful" from a neutral viewpoint because they got rid of "stagnant" groups like the dinosaurs sounds like an unjustified value judgment to me.
Weather, seismic activity, it all plays a role. I definitely think our planet has a good chance of being reasonably unique.
Unique, sure. Snowflakes are unique, but the differences rarely matter.
What I'm saying is, sure there will be plenty of planets with properties that make it difficult if not impossible for life to evolve. Sure our planet has a unique set of circumstances. In between, there's a wide variety of possible planets where life could hypothetically evolve, just with a different path than ours. And so far there's little evidence that this wide gray area is unpopulated (though sadly little evidence *for* these planets, but our ability to detect those planets if they exist is quite limited).
And here, in a nutshell, the problem with American politics. It doesn't matter how bad we are, as long as you are worse.
Yeah? Well politics in Afghanistan are worse.
Well if they can't drill it at 5000', maybe you shouldn't be driving your car?
Good point!
Let's all work to reduce our oil consumption. I drive a fuel efficient economy car, and avoid disposable plastic whenever possible, but I'm sure there's more I can do. I'm sure there's more you can do. I'm sure there's more the EPA can do to get companies to use more sustainable practices and consume less energy.
That was your point, wasn't it? That if we want to avoid doing dangerous things like drilling for oil in mile-deep water, we need to reduce oil consumption as much as possible. That we all need to take responsibility, and thus take reasonable but decisive action at all levels.
I hope it wasn't some crap like "if you use any petroleum products at all you cannot suggest that we should drill less oil."
I've never had Tetris dreams, but after spending 80 hours over spring break doing VLSI (what was I thinking), I did dream about being attacked by colorful rectangular geometry and having to make it all fit together to make it stop. Does that count?
What's that you say? I just copied that from TFA? Well if you knew that was in TFA, why'd you ask?
I honestly had no idea. But now that you told me, I can riff on you for copy-pasta, you karma whore you, while still avoiding the article myself. Thanks! =D
The real shame as far as space exploration is that we have neither a domestic replacement craft, nor a plan to create one. We're supposed to just wait (and hope and pray) that the private sector can satisfy our manned launch vehicle needs, even though none of them are close.
If you're lamenting that we didn't create and implement a realistic plan for developing a shuttle successor thirty years ago like we should have, then we're in complete agreement.
If you're lamenting the loss of the shuttle replacement program we did actually have, then, well... You should realize that private industry is quite a bit closer than that program was, even if you assume all the delays and budget overruns that have plagued that program suddenly ceased to be.
There is no scenario, starting with circumstances as they existed in 2009, where we weren't dependent on the Russians for some time, and where private industry wasn't likely to beat NASA to providing the same service.
AFAIK, all the private space companies are looking at tourism, not rendesvous with the ISS, Hubble, or science missions. There's also no plan to incentivize this development that I'm aware of.
Actually, ISS resupply missions is the very first thing SpaceX is going to be doing under contract from NASA. Science missions are one of the first uses of their Dragon capsule (called 'DragonLab') that they're planning as well. There are lots of incentives to develop this stuff, at least if the proposed NASA budget passes Congress.
My personal prediction: Private industry will be ferrying people to the ISS before 2016, the first year Ares I would have realistically yet optimistically (i.e. without further delays) have been able to do the same.
If Lawrence Fishburne is there wearing a trenchcoat, telling me he's not sure if I'm ready to see what he wants to show me, and trying to get me to take colorful pills, I'm going to be praying it is a Matrix-sequel dream.
Feel free to conduct the same experiment while thinking about Pamela Anderson. I'm not greedy, we can both get papers out of this. :)
Is there a form of natural disaster you guys aren't under constant threat of?
Godzilla.
I think it's better to view this as two distinct discoveries:
1) He showed that a computer virus can be transmitted from one computer to another.
So, something even the most computer illiterate person has known for decades.
2) He showed that having one of the computers inside a living organism doesn't grant it magic anti-virus powers and somehow prevent (1).
Something only the remarkably and creatively crazy ever thought wouldn't be the case.
I'm pretty impressed at the banality.
Next up for the illustrious University of Reading: Butcher knives can chop your dick off, even if you're thinking about Marshmallow Peeps while swinging the blade!
I once had a cold and sneezed on my keyboard.
Does that make me the first human to infect a computer???
No, because the computer didn't "catch" the virus.
Now if there was a hamster living inside your computer, and that hamster caught your cold, then you could with equal veracity claim to have infected your computer with a cold.