1. What evidence supports or rules out the presence of liquids other than H2O on the surface of Mars, at one time, in large quantities?
Short answer, temperature. It's way, way, way too warm for any liquid like N2 or methane or ammonia to form as a liquid. And it's always been too warm. So the probability that the rock formations occured from any of those liquids is precisely zero.
Secondly, H2O2 is highly unstable, it quickly decomposes into plain-old H2O and O2 in sunlight and/or temperatures above freezing. Both conditions exist and have existed on Mars for billions of years so there is zero probability that H2O2 had anything to do with it.
2. How much, if any, of the present evidence could be explained by flows of liquid CO2, nitrogen, methane, ammonia, or some other liquid?
Zero evidences for all of those substances. Again, its far, far, far too warm. First, carbon dioxide does not exist in liquid form at atmospheric pressure at any temperature. It requires a temperature of 20 degress Celsius and a pressure of 30 atmospheres to form. Mars has never had such conditions so there is again, zero chance liquid CO2 had anything to do with Mars' sedimentary rocks.
The other compounds on your list require extremely cold temperatures to form into liquids. Far, far colder than it EVER gets on Mars for most of them. It also requires a much higher atmospheric pressure than Mars had for most it's existence. Finally, there isn't sufficient quantities of some of these compounds to form rivers, lakes or oceans, nor is there any evidence of that there ever was enough. Here's the list of temperatures:
Nitrogen == -196 degrees Celsius @ 1 atmosphere of pressure
Methane == -162 degrees Celsius @ 1 atmosphere of pressure
Ammonia == -33 degrees Celsius @ 1 atmosphere of pressure It gets cold enough on Mars for this, but there is very, very little amounts of it.
Which evidence, if any, points most strongly to the presence of large amounts of H2O as the liquid in question? I know there are currently thought to be large, polar caps of solid H2O, but how much of the current evidence precludes the existence of large seas of some other liquid in the distant geological past?
The only way that a web page can be viewed is by copying it, at the very least, to the RAM contents of your home computer.
More than likely the page has been copied repeatedly by several machines along the way.
Since this is the way the Internet works permission to copy is implicitely granted once someone makes the page available on a public server.
Sorry, but Taco is just blowing shit about copyright issues. I think they just don't want to pay the cost of mirroring. It would cut into the profits and who wants that, right?
Let's see, further inland from Galveston, lets trade the threat of a hurricane for the threat of a class 5 tornado. hurricane... tornado... hurricane... tornado. OK lets move it to California. hurricane... earthquake... hurricane.
These facilities are never going to be 100% safe.
Yup, since we can't make it 100% safe there's no point in trying to make it safer than it currently is. That IS what your arguing, you know.
Geez, if something goes wrong, like it almost did in this story. Then there's a HUGH population center not very far away. Oh, and plenty of handy vectors, birds as you mention, there to help sprend the nasties.
Hmmm, something doesn't seem quite right about this scenario. Can't put my finger on it, though.
Why can't they locate them out in the middle of the desert like in the "Andromeda Strain"? Then, if something goes wrong there's a much, much smaller chance that some horrible nasties don't get spread to the general population.
The common understanding won't change but scientific categories should be kept free of arbitrary and possible subjective divisions.
Woah there! All definitions, scientific and otherwise, are arbitrary. A meter is an arbitrary length as is a foot or forlough, an ounce or a gram are arbitrary units of mass, and every other unit of measure is too.
However, just because their arbitrary doesn't make them useless.
I know that your probably just repeating an urban legend. But still, didn't you wonder how the hell someone who gets their fleet serviced by a guy advertising on a CB channel got put in charge in the first place?
Merely comparing military expenditures by percentage of the GNP is very misleading.
For example, suppose we had two hypothetical people.
Person A earns $25,000 a year and person B makes $5,000,000 a year.
The first person has just bought a new car and his monthly payments are $500.
The second person buys a completely new Mercedes
Benz CL500 every month, which is about $45,000.
The first person is spending 24% of their income on their new car. The second person is spending 11% of their income on new car purchases.
Now the really tough question, who's new car expenditures are more?
Hint: One person will have a single car at the end of the year while the other person will have 12 of them.
If you answer person A, you've obviously been home schooled.
So, you have just made the golden argument against dietary supplements and herbal remedies.
Firstly, how exactly did you get that from what you quoted? It doesn't state anything about unknown quantities. What a classic example of a straw man argument.
Secondly, you obviously are completely out of touch with the herbal supplement industry because they are regulated with respect to claims made on their labels. And since all "Standardized" herbel supplements DO state the amount of each active and inactive ingredient in them people who take herbel supplements ARE informed about what your taking.
Thirdly, you completely missed his point. He was satyrizing the typical non-argument against herbal supplements. Namely, invent a worse case senario of someone in a vulnerable state taking HUGH amounts of the supplement and then imply or state outright that this is the typical scenario.
No, it's ignorant scare-mongering. Frankly, other than truth in labeling and advertising issues all levels of government should stay out of regulating what I put in MY body. If we do not control ourselves then we really control nothing.
Oh, and just for the record, I take no herbel or dietary supplements.
By James Cameron. The Three Laws of Robotics have been subplanted by the "need" for efficient killing machines.
Mark my words, unarmed civilians will be killed by American war bots.
'Course the excuse will be that they were harbering terrorists, or that there were armed terrorists in the crowd, or that terrorists were formally at that position so it isn't our fault and we all regret the loss of innocent lives but this is war so death happens so shut up and watch Survivor XXXIV but us guilty of war crimes? NEVER!
Slashdot Mirror
Err, yeah, I meant "neologism".
You imply that maser is a neolgism, while laser is not. The maser actually was created before the laser so shouldn't you say, "visual light maser"? ;-)
They can throw you out for no good reason at all...it's their property, after all. Yeah, property "rights", the last refuge of criminals.
Short answer, temperature. It's way, way, way too warm for any liquid like N2 or methane or ammonia to form as a liquid. And it's always been too warm. So the probability that the rock formations occured from any of those liquids is precisely zero.
Secondly, H2O2 is highly unstable, it quickly decomposes into plain-old H2O and O2 in sunlight and/or temperatures above freezing. Both conditions exist and have existed on Mars for billions of years so there is zero probability that H2O2 had anything to do with it.
2. How much, if any, of the present evidence could be explained by flows of liquid CO2, nitrogen, methane, ammonia, or some other liquid?
Zero evidences for all of those substances. Again, its far, far, far too warm. First, carbon dioxide does not exist in liquid form at atmospheric pressure at any temperature. It requires a temperature of 20 degress Celsius and a pressure of 30 atmospheres to form. Mars has never had such conditions so there is again, zero chance liquid CO2 had anything to do with Mars' sedimentary rocks.
The other compounds on your list require extremely cold temperatures to form into liquids. Far, far colder than it EVER gets on Mars for most of them. It also requires a much higher atmospheric pressure than Mars had for most it's existence. Finally, there isn't sufficient quantities of some of these compounds to form rivers, lakes or oceans, nor is there any evidence of that there ever was enough.
Here's the list of temperatures:
- Nitrogen == -196 degrees Celsius @ 1 atmosphere of pressure
- Methane == -162 degrees Celsius @ 1 atmosphere of pressure
- Ammonia == -33 degrees Celsius @ 1 atmosphere of pressure
You answered your own question, the Martian polars caps consist almost entirely of ice. Enough ice that if they were melted they could form seas covering the entire surface of Mars 15 meters deep.It gets cold enough on Mars for this, but there is very, very little amounts of it.
Oooo, insightful! NOT!
Laws of Physics & Biochemistry = On Any Old Wet Rock
More than likely the page has been copied repeatedly by several machines along the way.
Since this is the way the Internet works permission to copy is implicitely granted once someone makes the page available on a public server.
Sorry, but Taco is just blowing shit about copyright issues. I think they just don't want to pay the cost of mirroring. It would cut into the profits and who wants that, right?
Come on, this is HTML 101 stuff.
Hmmm, something doesn't seem quite right about this scenario. Can't put my finger on it, though.
Why can't they locate them out in the middle of the desert like in the "Andromeda Strain"? Then, if something goes wrong there's a much, much smaller chance that some horrible nasties don't get spread to the general population.
What the fuck were these people thinking?!
I think Johnny Depp would be great in WotWs!
However, just because their arbitrary doesn't make them useless.
Your link overlooks the fact that it is control over supply and control over demand that determines price.
In a "free" (i.e., unregulated) market monopolies and oligopolies naturally arise. And these entities quickly use their power to arbitrate prices.
Now you may argue that the market is no longer "free" and it isn't. But that only shows how unregulated Capitalism is inherently self-destroying.
It requires government intervention to maintain Capitalism. So markets can never be "free" anymore than can surfaces be frictionless or gases "ideal".
And exactly how long before the sales of the DVD plummet to the point there's no profit motive to add those "value-added" materials to any DVD?
In other words, it's more fun to rally against imaginary adversaries than it is to open your eyes and realize things aren't so bad.
I know that your probably just repeating an urban legend.
But still, didn't you wonder how the hell someone who gets their fleet serviced by a guy advertising on a CB channel got put in charge in the first place?
And why they still have a job, for that matter?
For example, suppose we had two hypothetical people.
Person A earns $25,000 a year and person B makes $5,000,000 a year.
The first person has just bought a new car and his monthly payments are $500.
The second person buys a completely new Mercedes Benz CL500 every month, which is about $45,000.
The first person is spending 24% of their income on their new car. The second person is spending 11% of their income on new car purchases.
Now the really tough question, who's new car expenditures are more?
Hint: One person will have a single car at the end of the year while the other person will have 12 of them.
If you answer person A, you've obviously been home schooled.
...built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, but NOT built by US corporations. THATS the difference. So the parent post is not insightful.
How the hell would being "on the screen" make a damn bit of difference with respect to tactile feedback?
Not to mention the fact that the control panels were show to be just as flat as the screens!
So basically you have no point at all.
Secondly, you obviously are completely out of touch with the herbal supplement industry because they are regulated with respect to claims made on their labels. And since all "Standardized" herbel supplements DO state the amount of each active and inactive ingredient in them people who take herbel supplements ARE informed about what your taking.
Thirdly, you completely missed his point. He was satyrizing the typical non-argument against herbal supplements. Namely, invent a worse case senario of someone in a vulnerable state taking HUGH amounts of the supplement and then imply or state outright that this is the typical scenario.
No, it's ignorant scare-mongering. Frankly, other than truth in labeling and advertising issues all levels of government should stay out of regulating what I put in MY body. If we do not control ourselves then we really control nothing.
Oh, and just for the record, I take no herbel or dietary supplements.
All of Earth's EM leakage is blocked.
As much as I support Hubble, there are legitimate reasons for bases on the Moon. But the race to Mars is premature.
And I know quite a few NASA engineers who wouldn't mind the competition either.
It would be like the race to map the Human Genome. Despite some problems I think the competition was a good thing.
Others may disagree.
What they are saying is they don't want to kill Hubble or other programs until they have a better idea of the Moon/Mars cost.
What problem could you possibly have with that?
Mark my words, unarmed civilians will be killed by American war bots.
'Course the excuse will be that they were harbering terrorists, or that there were armed terrorists in the crowd, or that terrorists were formally at that position so it isn't our fault and we all regret the loss of innocent lives but this is war so death happens so shut up and watch Survivor XXXIV but us guilty of war crimes? NEVER!
And what's your problem with Esc-k?