The following assumes the jurisdiction of the home country of Google, Microsoft, and Slashdot:
who gets decide whether something really is a copyright infringement or not?
The U.S. Constitution grants the power to define copyright infringement to Congress within the limits of the First Amendment. Congress has created statutory limits on copyright, some specific and others largely left up to the judicial branch.
USC is United States Code, the primary set of statutes of the home country of both Google and Microsoft.
As for operation within Britain, what British law gives search engines the right to cache copyrighted web pages and display snippets of copyrighted web pages in the first place?
If they REALLY went after copyright infringing websites they'd take down [the major social media sites]
Websites that have a takedown policy and enforce it are not "copyright infringing websites" per the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act of 1998, codified as 17 USC 512.
How does it hinder it in these particular cases? The things you listed aren't exactly classics.
Who decides what are "classics"?
Find me a lawfully made copy of these on a video format popular in the United States.
So buy it on DVD
From the linked page: "Region: Region 2 (This DVD may not be viewable outside Europe. Read more about DVD formats.)" Region 1 DVD is popular in the United States. Region 2 DVD is not.
Different aspects of mirroring have different purposes.
Mirroring is the result of incomplete decoding of the address bus. Incomplete decoding saves a gate or two and usually doesn't hurt anything. Shaving pennies off the replication cost of millions of Game Paks could increase profit.
The 65816 requires the reset and interrupt vectors to be available at $00FFE0-$00FFFF in order to start up. If ROM is not mirrored into $00FFE0-$00FFFF, the system will hang at startup.
Only ROM at $808000-$FFFFFF is set up for fast access. The rest of ROM ($008000-$7DFFFF) is hardwired for slow access so that the 65816 can retrieve its reset vector before the memory controller is configured. So programs run memory controller initialization somewhere in $000000-$7DFFFF and then jump to $808000-$FFFFFF once they've initialized the memory controller.
I/O and a portion of RAM are mirrored into $00-$3F and $80-$BF so that the CPU can access a subset of data in ROM, data in RAM, and I/O without having to either change the data bank register or use 24-bit addressing all the time. Unlike the 8086, the 65816 doesn't have "prefixed" instructions that can change which segment is used. Instead, the data bank register must be explicitly reloaded in order to use 16-bit addressing, which is slightly faster than full 24-bit addressing. In addition, several 65816 addressing modes are hardwired to use bank $00, particularly those dealing with the base pointer (D) or stack pointer (S).
Video at 720p takes about 2 Mbps (source), or 2 Mbps * 60 s/minute * 1 GB/8000 Mbit = 0.015 GB/minute. Data transfer out of AWS costs 9 cents per GB plus tax (source). If a 10-minute (0.15 GB) video goes viral (which used to be called getting Slashdotted) and gets 10,000 views, that could result in a big AWS bill: 0.15 GB/view * 10,000 views * $0.09/GB = $135. Is the average person expected to afford that without running his own ads?
The part of the Sega Genesis memory map allocated to the cartridge is a linear sequence of bytes from $000000 to $3FFFFF. The part of the Super NES memory map allocated to the cartridge is not. See my diagram of Super NES address space.
The 65816 divides its 16 MiB address space into 256 banks, each 64 KiB in size. In order to make certain addressing modes more efficient to use, the Super NES divides up cartridge ROM address space as follows:
Bank $00-$3F: Second half (32 KiB, $8000-$FFFF)
Bank $40-$7D: Whole bank (64 KiB, $0000-$FFFF)
Bank $80-$BF: Second half (32 KiB, $8000-$FFFF)
Bank $C0-$FF: Whole bank (64 KiB, $0000-$FFFF)
The "HiROM" mapping (mode $21 or $31) is a linear sequence of bytes from $C00000 on up. Because of incomplete decoding of the address bus, the second half of each 64 KiB bank is usually mirrored into $808000-$80FFFF, $818000-$81FFFF, $828000-$82FFFF,..., $BF8000-$BFFFFF. In addition, banks $80-$FD are mirrored into banks $00-$7D, so that the 65816 CPU can find the reset vectors at $00FFE0-$00FFFF (which is mirrored from $80FFE0-$80FFFF). Usually, battery save memory is at $306000-$307FFF, $316000-$317FFF,..., $3F6000-$3F7FFF.
You might notice that everything in the above skips banks $7E and $7F. That's where the Super NES puts its 128 KiB of RAM, with the first 8 KiB mirrored into banks $00-$3F and $80-$BF. It also mirrors the memory-mapped I/O ports associated with the CPU's memory controller and the Picture Processing Unit (PPU) into banks $00-$3F and $80-$BF. They are made accessible through all these banks so that the same value of the Data Bank Register (DBR), analogous to the Data Segment (DS) register on 8086, can see RAM and ROM at the same time.
The "ExHiROM" mapping (mode $25 or $35) has two linear sequences of bytes: from $C00000 to $DFFFFF and then from $400000 to $5FFFFF, which get mirrored down into the second half of $80-$BF and $00-$1F respectively. Only the largest games, mostly exclusive to Japan such as Tales of Phantasia, use ExHiROM.
The "LoROM" mapping (mode $20 or $30), more common on early games, does not connect A15 out of the system to the ROM. This means it uses only the second half of each bank: $808000-$80FFFF, $818000-$81FFFF, $828000-$82FFFF,..., $FF8000-$FFFFFF. Banks $C0 through $FF mirror the 32K of data in that bank into both halves of the bank, and banks $00-$6F are a mirror of banks $80-$EF. Usually, battery save memory is somewhere in $700000-$77FFFF.
Cartridges use either slow or fast mask ROM. Modes $20, $21, and $25 are "slow ROM", where the CPU slows down slightly in order to allow use of cheaper 200 ns ROM. Modes $30 and $31 are "fast ROM", which needs 120 ns ROM that was more expensive in the early 1990s. Mode $35 has fast ROM for the $C00000-$FFFFFF region but slow ROM for the $400000-$5FFFFF region.
Slight differences in address decoding in each cartridge lead to differences in which address ranges actually contain mirrored ROM (as opposed to open bus) and which address ranges contain battery-backed RAM. Furthermore, some coprocessors included in cartridges can change this mapping at runtime.
Today with all the options available 'because I can't get it any other way' is a crock
Sometimes I can't get it because the publisher refuses to take my money. Try this exercise: Find me a lawfully made copy of these on a video format popular in the United States.
The TV series Spartakus and the Sun Beneath the Sea (the English-language dub of Les mondes engloutis)
The film Song of the South (Unless you think LaserDisc was "popular")
The film Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night (Do you consider VHS still a viable option?)
Everyone who feels an urge to be "the best kind of correct" about Android's use of Linux as its kernel makes me appreciate how Stallman got it right about using the term "GNU/Linux" to distinguish it from the completely different Android userland.
Which make and model of phone runs GNU/Linux? If it's the one I think you're talking about (Nokia N900), it's probably "a mythical beast" in Slashdot's home country. Can it even connect to modern networks now that AT&T is phasing out GSM service in favor of expanding LTE?
Its not a free market anywhere. The radio spectrum is very limited.
I thought there was a free market for phones that work with any major carrier's spectrum license, especially now that all four major U.S. carriers use LTE. LTE is patented but, as far as I'm aware, licensed under a uniform royalty regime.
The original intent under the Berne Convention was that exclusive rights subsist for the life of those heirs most likely to understand and apply the author's intent in the exploitation of a work, namely the author's children and grandchildren. The copyright term of 50 years after the death of the author, set in the early twentieth century, was thus intended to approximate the life of the author's grandchildren. The 20-year extension that began in Europe in the 1990s was intended to reflect the dramatic increase in heirs' life spans over the twentieth century.
And you're correct that a Berne member country isn't obligated to recognize a longer term of copyright in a work than the country of a work's origin. This is the "rule of the shorter term", and it's been trotted out as an excuse to spread the 20-year extension even beyond those highly developed countries that have benefited the most from twentieth-century improvements to health care.
Will such a firmware patch void the warranty on the display hinge, the keyboard, and the power jack? I worry about the warranty because I've had to have my current laptop serviced once under warranty to replace the power jack.
My bigger worry with Fuchsia and Magenta is whether T-Mobile's legal department will spring into action, as it once did against the color scheme of Engadget Mobile.
Slashdot Mirror
The following assumes the jurisdiction of the home country of Google, Microsoft, and Slashdot:
who gets decide whether something really is a copyright infringement or not?
The U.S. Constitution grants the power to define copyright infringement to Congress within the limits of the First Amendment. Congress has created statutory limits on copyright, some specific and others largely left up to the judicial branch.
Someone with an economical interest?
Is the issue a conflict of interest arising from congressional election campaign finance and in-kind donations of positive publicity?
USC is United States Code, the primary set of statutes of the home country of both Google and Microsoft.
As for operation within Britain, what British law gives search engines the right to cache copyrighted web pages and display snippets of copyrighted web pages in the first place?
If they REALLY went after copyright infringing websites they'd take down [the major social media sites]
Websites that have a takedown policy and enforce it are not "copyright infringing websites" per the Online Copyright Infringement Liability Limitation Act of 1998, codified as 17 USC 512.
The U.S. Congress decided way back in 1790 that copyright infringement is "something that's bad".
without paying the creators whatever they want
how much does the Shakespeare estate deserve
I think his copyright expired around 400 years ago.
I am aware of that under current law. But "whatever they want" appears to be no expiration.
On the other hand, why does copyright expire at all? Why does, say, the U.S. Constitution even have a "limited Times" clause?
How does it hinder it in these particular cases? The things you listed aren't exactly classics.
Who decides what are "classics"?
Find me a lawfully made copy of these on a video format popular in the United States.
So buy it on DVD
From the linked page: "Region: Region 2 (This DVD may not be viewable outside Europe. Read more about DVD formats.)" Region 1 DVD is popular in the United States. Region 2 DVD is not.
Different aspects of mirroring have different purposes.
Mirroring is the result of incomplete decoding of the address bus. Incomplete decoding saves a gate or two and usually doesn't hurt anything. Shaving pennies off the replication cost of millions of Game Paks could increase profit.
The 65816 requires the reset and interrupt vectors to be available at $00FFE0-$00FFFF in order to start up. If ROM is not mirrored into $00FFE0-$00FFFF, the system will hang at startup.
Only ROM at $808000-$FFFFFF is set up for fast access. The rest of ROM ($008000-$7DFFFF) is hardwired for slow access so that the 65816 can retrieve its reset vector before the memory controller is configured. So programs run memory controller initialization somewhere in $000000-$7DFFFF and then jump to $808000-$FFFFFF once they've initialized the memory controller.
I/O and a portion of RAM are mirrored into $00-$3F and $80-$BF so that the CPU can access a subset of data in ROM, data in RAM, and I/O without having to either change the data bank register or use 24-bit addressing all the time. Unlike the 8086, the 65816 doesn't have "prefixed" instructions that can change which segment is used. Instead, the data bank register must be explicitly reloaded in order to use 16-bit addressing, which is slightly faster than full 24-bit addressing. In addition, several 65816 addressing modes are hardwired to use bank $00, particularly those dealing with the base pointer (D) or stack pointer (S).
See Fullsnes or Super NES Development Wiki for more information
A doll that reports to some corporate database is not ok.
Yet a doll that pretend reports to some corporate database is perfectly OK. They sell them around Thanksgiving, called "The Elf on the Shelf".
Video at 720p takes about 2 Mbps (source), or 2 Mbps * 60 s/minute * 1 GB/8000 Mbit = 0.015 GB/minute. Data transfer out of AWS costs 9 cents per GB plus tax (source). If a 10-minute (0.15 GB) video goes viral (which used to be called getting Slashdotted) and gets 10,000 views, that could result in a big AWS bill: 0.15 GB/view * 10,000 views * $0.09/GB = $135. Is the average person expected to afford that without running his own ads?
It was insured, but for only about $1,000. The carrier would not let Byuu's friend insure it for the full value.
The part of the Sega Genesis memory map allocated to the cartridge is a linear sequence of bytes from $000000 to $3FFFFF. The part of the Super NES memory map allocated to the cartridge is not. See my diagram of Super NES address space.
The 65816 divides its 16 MiB address space into 256 banks, each 64 KiB in size. In order to make certain addressing modes more efficient to use, the Super NES divides up cartridge ROM address space as follows:
The "HiROM" mapping (mode $21 or $31) is a linear sequence of bytes from $C00000 on up. Because of incomplete decoding of the address bus, the second half of each 64 KiB bank is usually mirrored into $808000-$80FFFF, $818000-$81FFFF, $828000-$82FFFF, ..., $BF8000-$BFFFFF. In addition, banks $80-$FD are mirrored into banks $00-$7D, so that the 65816 CPU can find the reset vectors at $00FFE0-$00FFFF (which is mirrored from $80FFE0-$80FFFF). Usually, battery save memory is at $306000-$307FFF, $316000-$317FFF, ..., $3F6000-$3F7FFF.
You might notice that everything in the above skips banks $7E and $7F. That's where the Super NES puts its 128 KiB of RAM, with the first 8 KiB mirrored into banks $00-$3F and $80-$BF. It also mirrors the memory-mapped I/O ports associated with the CPU's memory controller and the Picture Processing Unit (PPU) into banks $00-$3F and $80-$BF. They are made accessible through all these banks so that the same value of the Data Bank Register (DBR), analogous to the Data Segment (DS) register on 8086, can see RAM and ROM at the same time.
The "ExHiROM" mapping (mode $25 or $35) has two linear sequences of bytes: from $C00000 to $DFFFFF and then from $400000 to $5FFFFF, which get mirrored down into the second half of $80-$BF and $00-$1F respectively. Only the largest games, mostly exclusive to Japan such as Tales of Phantasia, use ExHiROM.
The "LoROM" mapping (mode $20 or $30), more common on early games, does not connect A15 out of the system to the ROM. This means it uses only the second half of each bank: $808000-$80FFFF, $818000-$81FFFF, $828000-$82FFFF, ..., $FF8000-$FFFFFF. Banks $C0 through $FF mirror the 32K of data in that bank into both halves of the bank, and banks $00-$6F are a mirror of banks $80-$EF. Usually, battery save memory is somewhere in $700000-$77FFFF.
Cartridges use either slow or fast mask ROM. Modes $20, $21, and $25 are "slow ROM", where the CPU slows down slightly in order to allow use of cheaper 200 ns ROM. Modes $30 and $31 are "fast ROM", which needs 120 ns ROM that was more expensive in the early 1990s. Mode $35 has fast ROM for the $C00000-$FFFFFF region but slow ROM for the $400000-$5FFFFF region.
Slight differences in address decoding in each cartridge lead to differences in which address ranges actually contain mirrored ROM (as opposed to open bus) and which address ranges contain battery-backed RAM. Furthermore, some coprocessors included in cartridges can change this mapping at runtime.
Then you are not ENTITLED to watch it
How does this lack of ENTITLEMENT "promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts"?
Wait a few more years and it will all be worked out
This is not practical for copyright, which is designed to subsist for a period exceeding one human lifetime.
Today with all the options available 'because I can't get it any other way' is a crock
Sometimes I can't get it because the publisher refuses to take my money. Try this exercise: Find me a lawfully made copy of these on a video format popular in the United States.
They haven't even tried a system like Google Voice, where you have $10 in your account
But if the videos you want to watch are scattered across 12 different sites, you need to have $10 in each of 12 accounts.
to consume it anyway
*view it
Nothing is "consumed" when a work is viewed.
without paying the creators whatever they want — is hypocrisy.
Then how much does the Shakespeare estate deserve for West Side Story (1961) and Romeo + Juliet (1996)?
Everyone who feels an urge to be "the best kind of correct" about Android's use of Linux as its kernel makes me appreciate how Stallman got it right about using the term "GNU/Linux" to distinguish it from the completely different Android userland.
Valve is flatter than most, but it still has Big Gabe N's Big Gabe Oat Ride.
Which make and model of phone runs GNU/Linux? If it's the one I think you're talking about (Nokia N900), it's probably "a mythical beast" in Slashdot's home country. Can it even connect to modern networks now that AT&T is phasing out GSM service in favor of expanding LTE?
Not on Sundays.
Its not a free market anywhere. The radio spectrum is very limited.
I thought there was a free market for phones that work with any major carrier's spectrum license, especially now that all four major U.S. carriers use LTE. LTE is patented but, as far as I'm aware, licensed under a uniform royalty regime.
The original intent under the Berne Convention was that exclusive rights subsist for the life of those heirs most likely to understand and apply the author's intent in the exploitation of a work, namely the author's children and grandchildren. The copyright term of 50 years after the death of the author, set in the early twentieth century, was thus intended to approximate the life of the author's grandchildren. The 20-year extension that began in Europe in the 1990s was intended to reflect the dramatic increase in heirs' life spans over the twentieth century.
And you're correct that a Berne member country isn't obligated to recognize a longer term of copyright in a work than the country of a work's origin. This is the "rule of the shorter term", and it's been trotted out as an excuse to spread the 20-year extension even beyond those highly developed countries that have benefited the most from twentieth-century improvements to health care.
Will such a firmware patch void the warranty on the display hinge, the keyboard, and the power jack? I worry about the warranty because I've had to have my current laptop serviced once under warranty to replace the power jack.
What's the ETA for catgirls? ^_^
January 21, 2017
Few-sha.
My bigger worry with Fuchsia and Magenta is whether T-Mobile's legal department will spring into action, as it once did against the color scheme of Engadget Mobile.
I guess we'll have to wait for shipping devices to see if the kernel on the phone is identical to the kernel in the repository.