Any Photoshop fakery that uses the clone tool is trivial to detect. Same with most cut-and-paste tricks. If you want a convincing fake, it would be easier to just submit a real picture: rearrange the evidence to come out the way you want it and then take a picture of that. You can even have the camera digitally sign it as authentic.
The so-called experts proved that there were two distinct light sources in the lunar landing images. And they were right, but they were wrong in their claims that this was evidence of fakery. They forgot about the earth, which, from the moon, is more than 10x brighter than the moon is from the earth.
An altered photograph will often be mathematically inconsistent. Real photos are formed by light sources reflecting and refracting off objects. Mess with it, and you create regions that have inconsistent lighting. Furthermore, Photoshop (or Gimp) tools have specific mathematical properties which can be detected; for example, if you use the Clone tool, there will be little circles of pixels that are highly correlated (not exactly because of the fuzzy edge of the brush). So, with an autocorrelation approach you can find, say, that a model's zit was painted out by cloning from another part of her face, and find exactly what part.
I do not know that Veripic works this way, but I do know that forensic experts looking for altered digital pictures work this way.
It's not hard for experts to detect Photoshop fakery, even if amateurs can be fooled. If you move objects around in the picture, you'll never be able to get every cast shadow right, or get the lighting of the removed objects right. The analysis process that the experts use is analogous to ray tracing run backwards: given the images, figure out where the lighting is. Then boundaries between regions that have been altered and regions that have not come out clearly.
Furthermore, as its name implies, many of the Photoshop tools correspond to tricks that photographers have traditionally played in darkrooms, it just makes it easier.
Ptolemy's system, or an elaboration of it, fits the observed motion of the planets perfectly. That's because his system of cycles apon cycles apon cycles is analogous to a Fourier series expansion, and so can be made to fit any periodic motion perfectly. The problem is, he offered no explanation for why the epicycles are as they are, he just fitted the data. Even so, his system was very useful; it could accurately predict eclipses as well as the position of the planets.
Copernicus's system as originally proposed fit the data less well than Ptolemy's, because it insisted on circular orbits for the planets. There were even some proposals to add epicycles to Copernicus's proposal. It wasn't until Kepler figured out that planetary orbits were ellipses that the Copernican system became more accurate than Ptolemy's.
The titanium dioxide is a catalyst. It catalyzes a reaction between NO2 and water to produce nitric acid, HNO3. This reacts with calcium carbonate, CaCO3 (basically chalk) in the paint to produce water, carbon dioxide, and calcium nitrate:
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 -> H2O + CO2 + Ca(NO3)2.
The titanium dioxide is not consumed in the reaction, but the chalk is, and when it runs out, your paint fills up with nitric acid, which is not good. However, the reaction that causes the formation of nitric acid happens at a slower rate on its own, it is one source of acid rain.
Calcium nitrate is not noxious; it's basically fertilizer. However, too much nitrate runoff will cause problems with excessive algae growth in water, which can drop the oxygen level low enough to kill fish. Just the same, there's a lot more nitrate runoff from farmers and lawns than you're likely to get from this stuff.
They mix in calcium carbonate to neutralize the acid. But the article says that the calcium carbonate runs out in about five years, and then the acid discolors the paint (and presumably corrodes whatever is under it).
The calcium nitrate will eventually run off into the nearest body of water, and excess nitrates in water cause algal blooms and can kill off fish. However, I doubt if the amount of nitrates from this source will be significant compared to the large amount of fertilizer runoff.
You forgot: loss of at least half of a day's work for every affected (l)user every time a virus gets through whatever security you have and IT has to remove the infection, plus a lot of extra time to unclog absolutely enormous mail queues.
This latest virus tricked a lot of people into thinking that the attachments they were opening contained only text, typically by doing things like putting the executable inside a.zip file (to get it past corporate firewalls that block all executable attachments) and then naming the payload something like MESSAGE.TXT followed by 80 spaces followed by.EXE or whatever.
Yes, the war hawks called the BBC biased because it did not slavishly repeat the Pentagon line at the height of the war, as Fox/Sky, CNN, and MSGOP did.
They aired both pro- and antiwar views, and for those who cannot tolerate the latter, that made them biased.
That Korean guy probably saved most of his salary for years to get some capital, and then might have joined a type of capital pool called a kye. Each member puts up a substantial amount of money, and each member in turn gets a loan to start up a business. As the loan from the first business is paid off, there's enough money to fund a second business, and so on.
It will be proof that the system works if and when the appeals are exhausted and the ruling still stands.
Our democratic system of checks and balances requires that checks are possible. If one man can order anyone, US citizen or not, locked away for life without charge and without even the ability to see a lawyer, we have no "democratic system of checks and balances", we have a king.
The format is not info but texinfo, which produces output in many forms: TeX (for typeset documents), HTML, as well as info; furthermore, the man pages for many GNU programs are now produced by automatic conversion from the info source.
Texinfo beats roff format for man pages because it supports structure and hyperlinks. XML (or SGML) formats are even better, but "man format" sucks.
And I've written a lot of "man pages" in my career.
You can't be prosecuted under the DMCA for having Ogle or DeCSS or the like on your computer, and using the program to play DVDs that you have obtained legally. The DMCA only forbids "trafficking" in technology that circumvents copyright protection measures, not use of such technology.
You could still theoretically be at risk for use of software that infringes patents, but that's a civil matter (the patent holder might be able to sue you), not a criminal matter (no one can arrest you).
It includes GCC, the binutils (assember, linker and all commands dealing with object files, like nm, ar, etc), the debugger, and many other standard Unix tools such as diff, bc, grep, etc.
BSD developers would not be able to get any work done without GNU.
Ease of installation? Debian? At least it can be said that it's a one-time ordeal, after which things get much better.
Fedora Core has apt-get as well, and, when enhanced by adding livna.org to your/etc/apt/sources.list, gives you all the programs Red Hat feels that they can't touch, like ogle and mplayer, some of which have still not been packaged even for Debian unstable.
Fedora's preferred apt-equivalent is yum, but I like apt better; apt is certainly more bandwidth-efficient.
Debian's stability is great for older servers, but you are likely to find that it won't install on many machines you can buy in a store today, as it lacks support in the kernel and X for current hardware. That said, hardware running Red Hat 7.3 will probably work fine with woody.
Now, when sarge comes out Debian will again be competitive, but woody is too old.
Your old 1 MP camera probably has a crappy little plastic lens, not the high-quality optics that NASA is using. Also, the CCD light collectors in your 1 MP camera are far smaller than the ones in the NASA camera.
No, that's not the way digital cameras are sold. My 2 megapixel camera makes images with about 2 million pixels, each of which include a red, blue, and green component.
EE Times regularly gives space to marketing droids to flog their stuff, and regular readers know how to distinguish these marketing puff pieces from the very good stuff that the full-time staff writes.
If someone at one of the embedded Linux companies asks, EE Times will probably be happy to give them equivalent space next week to answer.
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Any Photoshop fakery that uses the clone tool is trivial to detect. Same with most cut-and-paste tricks. If you want a convincing fake, it would be easier to just submit a real picture: rearrange the evidence to come out the way you want it and then take a picture of that. You can even have the camera digitally sign it as authentic.
The so-called experts proved that there were two distinct light sources in the lunar landing images. And they were right, but they were wrong in their claims that this was evidence of fakery. They forgot about the earth, which, from the moon, is more than 10x brighter than the moon is from the earth.
An altered photograph will often be mathematically inconsistent. Real photos are formed by light sources reflecting and refracting off objects. Mess with it, and you create regions that have inconsistent lighting. Furthermore, Photoshop (or Gimp) tools have specific mathematical properties which can be detected; for example, if you use the Clone tool, there will be little circles of pixels that are highly correlated (not exactly because of the fuzzy edge of the brush). So, with an autocorrelation approach you can find, say, that a model's zit was painted out by cloning from another part of her face, and find exactly what part.
I do not know that Veripic works this way, but I do know that forensic experts looking for altered digital pictures work this way.
It's not hard for experts to detect Photoshop fakery, even if amateurs can be fooled. If you move objects around in the picture, you'll never be able to get every cast shadow right, or get the lighting of the removed objects right. The analysis process that the experts use is analogous to ray tracing run backwards: given the images, figure out where the lighting is. Then boundaries between regions that have been altered and regions that have not come out clearly.
Furthermore, as its name implies, many of the Photoshop tools correspond to tricks that photographers have traditionally played in darkrooms, it just makes it easier.
Ptolemy's system, or an elaboration of it, fits the observed motion of the planets perfectly. That's because his system of cycles apon cycles apon cycles is analogous to a Fourier series expansion, and so can be made to fit any periodic motion perfectly. The problem is, he offered no explanation for why the epicycles are as they are, he just fitted the data. Even so, his system was very useful; it could accurately predict eclipses as well as the position of the planets.
Copernicus's system as originally proposed fit the data less well than Ptolemy's, because it insisted on circular orbits for the planets. There were even some proposals to add epicycles to Copernicus's proposal. It wasn't until Kepler figured out that planetary orbits were ellipses that the Copernican system became more accurate than Ptolemy's.
The titanium dioxide is a catalyst. It catalyzes a reaction between NO2 and water to produce nitric acid, HNO3. This reacts with calcium carbonate, CaCO3 (basically chalk) in the paint to produce water, carbon dioxide, and calcium nitrate:
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 -> H2O + CO2 + Ca(NO3)2.
The titanium dioxide is not consumed in the reaction, but the chalk is, and when it runs out, your paint fills up with nitric acid, which is not good. However, the reaction that causes the formation of nitric acid happens at a slower rate on its own, it is one source of acid rain.
Calcium nitrate is not noxious; it's basically fertilizer. However, too much nitrate runoff will cause problems with excessive algae growth in water, which can drop the oxygen level low enough to kill fish. Just the same, there's a lot more nitrate runoff from farmers and lawns than you're likely to get from this stuff.
They mix in calcium carbonate to neutralize the acid. But the article says that the calcium carbonate runs out in about five years, and then the acid discolors the paint (and presumably corrodes whatever is under it).
The calcium nitrate will eventually run off into the nearest body of water, and excess nitrates in water cause algal blooms and can kill off fish. However, I doubt if the amount of nitrates from this source will be significant compared to the large amount of fertilizer runoff.
Well, there are the lawyers working at the EFF.
You forgot: loss of at least half of a day's work for every affected (l)user every time a virus gets through whatever security you have and IT has to remove the infection, plus a lot of extra time to unclog absolutely enormous mail queues.
This latest virus tricked a lot of people into thinking that the attachments they were opening contained only text, typically by doing things like putting the executable inside a .zip file (to get it past corporate firewalls that block all executable attachments) and then naming the payload something like MESSAGE.TXT followed by 80 spaces followed by .EXE or whatever.
Yes, the war hawks called the BBC biased because it did not slavishly repeat the Pentagon line at the height of the war, as Fox/Sky, CNN, and MSGOP did. They aired both pro- and antiwar views, and for those who cannot tolerate the latter, that made them biased.
It's being distributed in binary form, without any source code. Clearly it's not FOSS.
That Korean guy probably saved most of his salary for years to get some capital, and then might have joined a type of capital pool called a kye. Each member puts up a substantial amount of money, and each member in turn gets a loan to start up a business. As the loan from the first business is paid off, there's enough money to fund a second business, and so on.
It will be proof that the system works if and when the appeals are exhausted and the ruling still stands.
Our democratic system of checks and balances requires that checks are possible. If one man can order anyone, US citizen or not, locked away for life without charge and without even the ability to see a lawyer, we have no "democratic system of checks and balances", we have a king.
The format is not info but texinfo, which produces output in many forms: TeX (for typeset documents), HTML, as well as info; furthermore, the man pages for many GNU programs are now produced by automatic conversion from the info source.
Texinfo beats roff format for man pages because it supports structure and hyperlinks. XML (or SGML) formats are even better, but "man format" sucks. And I've written a lot of "man pages" in my career.
Sorry, four digits. But then, I did use the Arpanet before the Jan 1982 switchover to TCP/IP, so I am damn old.
Today's man pages look almost the same as 1981 man pages from Bell Labs, so you haven't missed much by being young.
You can't be prosecuted under the DMCA for having Ogle or DeCSS or the like on your computer, and using the program to play DVDs that you have obtained legally. The DMCA only forbids "trafficking" in technology that circumvents copyright protection measures, not use of such technology.
You could still theoretically be at risk for use of software that infringes patents, but that's a civil matter (the patent holder might be able to sue you), not a criminal matter (no one can arrest you).
Only patents protect ideas. SCO has made no patent claims, because they have no relevant patents. Therefore no court will rule as you suggest.
JACK = JACK Audio Connection Kit. It's a recursive acronym, like GNU (GNU's Not Unix).
All of the BSDs rely thoroughly on GPL tools for their development, as there are no equivalent tools available under non-copyleft terms.
For details on which GPL'ed tools are part of OpenBSD, for example, see the gnu portion of their cvsweb.
It includes GCC, the binutils (assember, linker and all commands dealing with object files, like nm, ar, etc), the debugger, and many other standard Unix tools such as diff, bc, grep, etc.
BSD developers would not be able to get any work done without GNU.
Ease of installation? Debian? At least it can be said that it's a one-time ordeal, after which things get much better.
Fedora Core has apt-get as well, and, when enhanced by adding livna.org to your /etc/apt/sources.list, gives you all the programs Red Hat feels that they can't touch, like ogle and mplayer, some of which have still not been packaged even for Debian unstable.
Fedora's preferred apt-equivalent is yum, but I like apt better; apt is certainly more bandwidth-efficient.
Debian's stability is great for older servers, but you are likely to find that it won't install on many machines you can buy in a store today, as it lacks support in the kernel and X for current hardware. That said, hardware running Red Hat 7.3 will probably work fine with woody.
Now, when sarge comes out Debian will again be competitive, but woody is too old.
Your old 1 MP camera probably has a crappy little plastic lens, not the high-quality optics that NASA is using. Also, the CCD light collectors in your 1 MP camera are far smaller than the ones in the NASA camera.
No, that's not the way digital cameras are sold. My 2 megapixel camera makes images with about 2 million pixels, each of which include a red, blue, and green component.
EE Times regularly gives space to marketing droids to flog their stuff, and regular readers know how to distinguish these marketing puff pieces from the very good stuff that the full-time staff writes.
If someone at one of the embedded Linux companies asks, EE Times will probably be happy to give them equivalent space next week to answer.
Maybe his grandson swiped the tape.
Gnome was started by a Mexican, who still lived in Mexico at the time.