It will go nova, just not supernova. This will happen when the H is just about used up and will be the beginning of the Sun's shift to being a red giant.
(IIRC, IANAA, void where prohibited by physical law.)
www.cypress.com CY7C601xx CY7C602xx About $3-$5 in quantity Development kit: CY3655 $350
(also check out their wireless USB products)
* Wireless enCoRe(TM) II -"enhanced Component
Reduction"
o Crystalless oscillator with support for an external crystal or resonator. The internal oscillator eliminates the need for an external crystal or resonator
o Configurable IO for real-world interface without external components
* Enhanced 8-bit microcontroller
o Harvard architecture
o M8C CPU speed can be up to 24 MHz or sourced by
an external crystal, resonator, or signal
* Internal memory
o 256 bytes of RAM
o Eight Kbytes of Flash including EEROM emulation
* Low power consumption
o Typically 10 mA at 6 MHz
o 10-A sleep
* In-system reprogrammability
o Allows easy firmware update
* General-purpose I/O ports
o Up to 36 General Purpose I/O (GPIO) pins
o High current drive on GPIO pins. Configurable 8- or 50-mA/pin current sink on designated pins
o Each GPIO port supports high-impedance inputs,
configurable pull-up, open drain output, CMOS/TTL
inputs, and CMOS output
o Maskable interrupts on all I/O pins
* SPI serial communication
o Master or slave operation
o Configurable up to 2-Mbit/second transfers
o Supports half duplex single data line mode for
optical sensors
* 2-channel 8-bit or 1-channel 16-bit capture timer. Capture timers registers store both rising and falling edge times
o Two registers each for two input pins
o Separate registers for rising and falling edge capture
o Simplifies interface to RF inputs for wireless
applications
o Internal low-power wake-up timer during suspend
mode
o Periodic wake-up with no external components
* Programm
the counterweight is the part of the structure beyond GEO which maintains tension on the cable because it is being pushed out by centrifugal force. (pseudoforce if you're a pedant)
The proposal to take 12 years to replicate what we achieved ofer 35 years ago in only 9 years is ridiculous and excessively priced. The problem is that the engineering talent isn't at NASA anymore, they cant look beyond doing the same design that has been done over and over since von Braun, and the whole setup is just a welfare program for bloated aerospace conglomorates.
On the otherhand, the study that purported to show that a space elevator could be built for a few billion dollars is sheer fanasy. Single-walled Carbon nanotubes still cost hundreds of dollars a gram, and the price has not been falling all hat quickly in spite of the many uses we already have found. 600 million grams of them to make a first elevator will not be cheap enough to allow the projected budget to be met. Further, no one has made a macroscopic amount of any material that would meet the strength requirements of an elevator, let alone the density, weldability, splicability, or wear, oxygen, and electrical resistence requrements. The lasers for power are speculative and will certainly be unbelivably inefficient and costly. Even if microwave poer transmission can be arranged with suitably low antenna sizes on the climber, the cost for the floating base station off the coast of Ecuador alone would run more than the entir projected budget. It's just not an engineering option at this point. By all means give it a couple billion a year in research dollars to small, nimble firms like the one that produced the study. It's the best long-term strategy for space that's on the drawing board. But dont insult everyone's intelligence by saying the whole thing can be done in 15 years for $20 billion. Thirty years and $500 billion is a better guess - but still quick and cheap at the price.
Libraries do not pay per loan on books. They buy the book once and have no obligation to pay after that. Even if they did, the moey would not go to the author but to the publisher who might then pass on a portion to the author, depending on the contract and the honesty of the publisher. If you have evidence refuting this, I'd like to see it.
No, it doesn't. The fee is not legally a tax*, the fee is not to vote but to get ID which not only has other purposes than voting, but, in fact, its primary purpose is not for voting. Further, if the states want to get around this red herring entirely, all they have to do is to provide free ID for the purpose of voting to those who have not already gotten ID.
*I wish it weren't so, and that other related idiocies were corrected, such as saying that access to the courts is a privilege for which the State can demand fees, that taking a citizen's time is not taking his property, and saying that civil forfeiture and IRS penalties are not effectively criminal fines without proper trial. The government will generally interpret rules in the way that suits them most.
Hire a four-year old. Cheaper, smarter, cuter, much better conversation, can climb stairs and can actually do the things that Mitsubishi claims for the robot plus much more.
A pure ramjet first stage saves you a huge amount of fuel while greatly reducing the engineering requirements for the upper stages. Sled and catapult tech has been around forever that would get to mach 0.5 - 1 with large loads at moderate (2 -4 g) acceleration. Then you can get to about mach 2 - 3 at a substantial upward vector and 90- 120kft with fairly simple designs. The second stage then drops out the back (internal carriage greatly reduces boil-off of cryogenic fuel and has other positive effects such as reducing the needed strength of the 2nd stage - the nose has much less air to push through at the release altitude, and the 1st stage provides some lateral support as well). The first stage can then descend, slow and deploy parafoils for a glider landing at its home base. This strategy allows the first stage to be almost instantly reusable and to employ cheap, non cryogenic fuel. The first stage has extremely low drag, high top speed, low landing speed, low complexity, high manufaturability and with proper design can be made to allow a safe abort at any part of the flight.
http://www.skyramp.org/ has some interesting although not sufficiently technical stuff on catapults (for ramjet launch a horizontal design is fine)
http://mae.ucdavis.edu/faculty/sarigul/aiaa2001-46 19.pdf Critically reviews many air launch proposals and provides an internal carrige on standard cargo plane method that allegedly solves the problems. (By their standards the 15% Skylon mass fraction (41 MT craft with a 275 MT takeoff weight) is unlikely, particularly in an SSTO craft with landing gear. Bond tends to overpromise, as the first two iterations of HOTOL show.)
There are a lot of other things that have been proposed that do not and will not work. SSTO does not work. To achieve the >93% fuel fraction the craft has to be fat, but to achieve low drag it has to be thin. Scramjets have been on the drawing boards for decades and the designs are too fussy, the fuel consumption too high, the start speeds are too high and the materials needed are too expensive and hard to work with.
Catapult/ramjet first stage with internal additional stage(s) is the most nearly optimal plan I have seen that does not depend on unobtanium, unproven technology or gazillion-dollar ground facilities.
It is clear that the GP poster meant "below average today on the 1980s test. So you are both right.
However, as Rushton noes: "Principal components analyses show that whereas the IQ gains over time on the WISC-R and WISC-III do cluster (suggesting they are a reliable phenomenon), these are independent of g factor loadings..." So the rise in IQ scores (which varies greatly by country, is primrily evident in non-verbal tests and which is mostly due to increases in the lower end of the ability spectrum) is not indicative of a rising intelligence level per se but of something else.
The worst example of this was Frank Herbert's pimping for Dune, one of the worst SF films ever. The director totally gutted his great book and replaced it with utter nonsense.
In the early days it was the whitewater kayaking channel. I'm still waiting for that to come back. "Our team will attempt to navigate the Sun Coozi river in the wilds of Nepal... the last four kayakers to try this river died..." You just don't get that kind of insanity anymore.
The ability of a capacitive storage system to provide current is determined by its charge, voltage, and internal resistence. Given the voltage and charge are below some number and the resistence is high, it is correct to say that the jacket has a low capability to provide current, which is the same as saying it is a low-amp source, which can be colloquially said with very little loss of accuracy to be "low in amps".
The unhandled areas of the coat would keep the charge - it has a high surface resistence. The field meter would still register the same charge until the whole surface was discharged.
Were they doing it at very low humidity? PVC adsorbs a thin layer of water which reduces its resistence, which is why you don't use it for van de Graff generators.
Once we know the voltage and can estimate the time to discharge, the only factor left to figure out the current is what this guy's capacitance is. I'll bet he was big, very big.
Don't you mean that what is being calculated with the stupid name of "sine" is just the square root of the intuitively obvious "spread"? Can you say where the old names for trig functions came from without googling?
Taylor series are the way to go for approximations to trig functions. If you know the series for e, you have all the basics, including the hyperbolic ones. Inverse trig functions, however, are still tough.
"IF his methods are any good, and that's a very big if..." His proofs are elementary. Read them if you have any doubt regarding their correctness.
"He apparently totally disregards the profound relation between trigonometry as-is and complex analysis. "
From his reference in passing to signed areas, I believe he is headed for Grassman/Clifford/Geometric algebra (GA), which actually gives a lot more insight into complex math than the traditional formulation, particularly the deep relationship between complex numbers and rotations. GA also naturally generalizes into quaternions, octonions and spaces of any dimension and is far better for expressing physics than the traditional formalisms. I'm interested in seeing it expressed in rational trigonometry. With no trig functions or angles GA could be even more useful and elegant.
He is not saying that traditional trig is wrong at all, just that there is an equivalent notation which he thinks is more suited to teaching and hand-calculation. He also didn't say distance was "wrong" but that simplicity could be gained byy using the square of the distance as the primary unit in computations and only deriving distance from it when needed. Given the fact that trigonometric functions and geometric calculations (as well as physical and statistical calculations) are almost always using the squared distance rather than the distance itself, this seems like a reasonable idea.
Yes, that kind of teacher is the best, but it's replacing accuracy of memory with accuracy of operations. If you have a significant chance of getting any step in the derivation wrong, then you can't play that game.
Slashdot Mirror
It will go nova, just not supernova. This will happen when the H is just about used up and will be the beginning of the Sun's shift to being a red giant.
(IIRC, IANAA, void where prohibited by physical law.)
www.cypress.com
CY7C601xx
CY7C602xx
About $3-$5 in quantity
Development kit: CY3655 $350
(also check out their wireless USB products)
* Wireless enCoRe(TM) II -"enhanced Component
Reduction"
o Crystalless oscillator with support for an external crystal or resonator. The internal oscillator eliminates the need for an external crystal or resonator
o Configurable IO for real-world interface without external components
* Enhanced 8-bit microcontroller
o Harvard architecture
o M8C CPU speed can be up to 24 MHz or sourced by
an external crystal, resonator, or signal
* Internal memory
o 256 bytes of RAM
o Eight Kbytes of Flash including EEROM emulation
* Low power consumption
o Typically 10 mA at 6 MHz
o 10-A sleep
* In-system reprogrammability
o Allows easy firmware update
* General-purpose I/O ports
o Up to 36 General Purpose I/O (GPIO) pins
o High current drive on GPIO pins. Configurable 8- or 50-mA/pin current sink on designated pins
o Each GPIO port supports high-impedance inputs,
configurable pull-up, open drain output, CMOS/TTL
inputs, and CMOS output
o Maskable interrupts on all I/O pins
* SPI serial communication
o Master or slave operation
o Configurable up to 2-Mbit/second transfers
o Supports half duplex single data line mode for
optical sensors
* 2-channel 8-bit or 1-channel 16-bit capture timer. Capture timers registers store both rising and falling edge times
o Two registers each for two input pins
o Separate registers for rising and falling edge capture
o Simplifies interface to RF inputs for wireless
applications
o Internal low-power wake-up timer during suspend
mode
o Periodic wake-up with no external components
* Programm
the counterweight is the part of the structure beyond GEO which maintains tension on the cable because it is being pushed out by centrifugal force. (pseudoforce if you're a pedant)
Further, the ribbon has to taper to allow the thing to not break, so the pulley idea is unworkable.
The proposal to take 12 years to replicate what we achieved ofer 35 years ago in only 9 years is ridiculous and excessively priced. The problem is that the engineering talent isn't at NASA anymore, they cant look beyond doing the same design that has been done over and over since von Braun, and the whole setup is just a welfare program for bloated aerospace conglomorates.
On the otherhand, the study that purported to show that a space elevator could be built for a few billion dollars is sheer fanasy. Single-walled Carbon nanotubes still cost hundreds of dollars a gram, and the price has not been falling all hat quickly in spite of the many uses we already have found. 600 million grams of them to make a first elevator will not be cheap enough to allow the projected budget to be met. Further, no one has made a macroscopic amount of any material that would meet the strength requirements of an elevator, let alone the density, weldability, splicability, or wear, oxygen, and electrical resistence requrements. The lasers for power are speculative and will certainly be unbelivably inefficient and costly. Even if microwave poer transmission can be arranged with suitably low antenna sizes on the climber, the cost for the floating base station off the coast of Ecuador alone would run more than the entir projected budget. It's just not an engineering option at this point. By all means give it a couple billion a year in research dollars to small, nimble firms like the one that produced the study. It's the best long-term strategy for space that's on the drawing board. But dont insult everyone's intelligence by saying the whole thing can be done in 15 years for $20 billion. Thirty years and $500 billion is a better guess - but still quick and cheap at the price.
Libraries do not pay per loan on books. They buy the book once and have no obligation to pay after that. Even if they did, the moey would not go to the author but to the publisher who might then pass on a portion to the author, depending on the contract and the honesty of the publisher. If you have evidence refuting this, I'd like to see it.
No, it doesn't. The fee is not legally a tax*, the fee is not to vote but to get ID which not only has other purposes than voting, but, in fact, its primary purpose is not for voting. Further, if the states want to get around this red herring entirely, all they have to do is to provide free ID for the purpose of voting to those who have not already gotten ID.
*I wish it weren't so, and that other related idiocies were corrected, such as saying that access to the courts is a privilege for which the State can demand fees, that taking a citizen's time is not taking his property, and saying that civil forfeiture and IRS penalties are not effectively criminal fines without proper trial. The government will generally interpret rules in the way that suits them most.
There is massive evidence of fraud in Ohio. See Rep. Conyers' report: http://www.truthout.org/docs_05/010605Y.shtml
Hire a four-year old. Cheaper, smarter, cuter, much better conversation, can climb stairs and can actually do the things that Mitsubishi claims for the robot plus much more.
A pure ramjet first stage saves you a huge amount of fuel while greatly reducing the engineering requirements for the upper stages. Sled and catapult tech has been around forever that would get to mach 0.5 - 1 with large loads at moderate (2 -4 g) acceleration. Then you can get to about mach 2 - 3 at a substantial upward vector and 90- 120kft with fairly simple designs. The second stage then drops out the back (internal carriage greatly reduces boil-off of cryogenic fuel and has other positive effects such as reducing the needed strength of the 2nd stage - the nose has much less air to push through at the release altitude, and the 1st stage provides some lateral support as well). The first stage can then descend, slow and deploy parafoils for a glider landing at its home base. This strategy allows the first stage to be almost instantly reusable and to employ cheap, non cryogenic fuel. The first stage has extremely low drag, high top speed, low landing speed, low complexity, high manufaturability and with proper design can be made to allow a safe abort at any part of the flight.
6 19.pdf
http://www.skyramp.org/ has some interesting although not sufficiently technical stuff on catapults (for ramjet launch a horizontal design is fine)
http://mae.ucdavis.edu/faculty/sarigul/aiaa2001-4
Critically reviews many air launch proposals and provides an internal carrige on standard cargo plane method that allegedly solves the problems. (By their standards the 15% Skylon mass fraction (41 MT craft with a 275 MT takeoff weight) is unlikely, particularly in an SSTO craft with landing gear. Bond tends to overpromise, as the first two iterations of HOTOL show.)
There are a lot of other things that have been proposed that do not and will not work. SSTO does not work. To achieve the >93% fuel fraction the craft has to be fat, but to achieve low drag it has to be thin. Scramjets have been on the drawing boards for decades and the designs are too fussy, the fuel consumption too high, the start speeds are too high and the materials needed are too expensive and hard to work with.
Catapult/ramjet first stage with internal additional stage(s) is the most nearly optimal plan I have seen that does not depend on unobtanium, unproven technology or gazillion-dollar ground facilities.
It is clear that the GP poster meant "below average today on the 1980s test. So you are both right.
However, as Rushton noes: "Principal components analyses show that whereas the IQ gains over time on the WISC-R and WISC-III do cluster (suggesting they are a reliable phenomenon), these are independent of g factor loadings..." So the rise in IQ scores (which varies greatly by country, is primrily evident in non-verbal tests and which is mostly due to increases in the lower end of the ability spectrum) is not indicative of a rising intelligence level per se but of something else.
The worst example of this was Frank Herbert's pimping for Dune, one of the worst SF films ever. The director totally gutted his great book and replaced it with utter nonsense.
Fritz the Cat, of course.
In the early days it was the whitewater kayaking channel. I'm still waiting for that to come back. "Our team will attempt to navigate the Sun Coozi river in the wilds of Nepal... the last four kayakers to try this river died..." You just don't get that kind of insanity anymore.
The ability of a capacitive storage system to provide current is determined by its charge, voltage, and internal resistence. Given the voltage and charge are below some number and the resistence is high, it is correct to say that the jacket has a low capability to provide current, which is the same as saying it is a low-amp source, which can be colloquially said with very little loss of accuracy to be "low in amps".
The unhandled areas of the coat would keep the charge - it has a high surface resistence. The field meter would still register the same charge until the whole surface was discharged.
Were they doing it at very low humidity? PVC adsorbs a thin layer of water which reduces its resistence, which is why you don't use it for van de Graff generators.
Once we know the voltage and can estimate the time to discharge, the only factor left to figure out the current is what this guy's capacitance is. I'll bet he was big, very big.
Bad example.
1 + 1 >= 3 is pretty good math if the left-hand side represents a fertile male and female of some given species.
Don't you mean that what is being calculated with the stupid name of "sine" is just the square root of the intuitively obvious "spread"? Can you say where the old names for trig functions came from without googling?
Taylor series are the way to go for approximations to trig functions. If you know the series for e, you have all the basics, including the hyperbolic ones. Inverse trig functions, however, are still tough.
"IF his methods are any good, and that's a very big if..." His proofs are elementary. Read them if you have any doubt regarding their correctness.
"He apparently totally disregards the profound relation between trigonometry as-is and complex analysis. "
From his reference in passing to signed areas, I believe he is headed for Grassman/Clifford/Geometric algebra (GA), which actually gives a lot more insight into complex math than the traditional formulation, particularly the deep relationship between complex numbers and rotations. GA also naturally generalizes into quaternions, octonions and spaces of any dimension and is far better for expressing physics than the traditional formalisms. I'm interested in seeing it expressed in rational trigonometry. With no trig functions or angles GA could be even more useful and elegant.
He is not saying that traditional trig is wrong at all, just that there is an equivalent notation which he thinks is more suited to teaching and hand-calculation. He also didn't say distance was "wrong" but that simplicity could be gained byy using the square of the distance as the primary unit in computations and only deriving distance from it when needed. Given the fact that trigonometric functions and geometric calculations (as well as physical and statistical calculations) are almost always using the squared distance rather than the distance itself, this seems like a reasonable idea.
Logic is math, but not the other way around. Logic is incomplete, math is potentially complete. See Gödel's theorems.
Yes, that kind of teacher is the best, but it's replacing accuracy of memory with accuracy of operations. If you have a significant chance of getting any step in the derivation wrong, then you can't play that game.
"Algorithms are *not* maths."
Go read Knuth and then try to say that with a straight face.