True, it probably was a cold and not a flu, but it was very nasty (1 1/2 weeks off) and happened pretty quickly after the flu shot. Which happens 2/3 of the time I get a flu shot. Like within 2-5 days!
So the posibilities are:
1. Coincidence. I was already ill and by coincidence I got the shot just before the symptoms appeared. (I estimate 50% probability)
2. It was a cold and I was going to get it anyway, but I reduced my chances of getting a nasty strain of flu. (25% probability because it happened so quickly after the shot.)
3. The flu shot enhances my susceptibility to colds? (25% probability?)
It's the last one I'd like to see some research on, because there is a lot of anecdotal evidence that the flu shot "causes flu". Now normally anecdotal evidence means bupkis, but this much suggests that it should be researched. Assume that people have mislabelled colds as flu, the question becomes "Does flu vaccination have a short-term effect on cold virus susceptibility"?
I've googled, and I find plenty of research on flu shot (not) causing flu. And I've also seen plenty of medical professionals stating "of course it can't increase your chance of getting a cold", but I haven't found any actually cited research, which suggests to me that people have just assumed the answer and not actually examined it experimentally. If there is some research that you are aware of, could you provide some links or good google search terms (because I've already tried several)? If I am wrong (which god knows happens a fair bit), I'd like to correct that, but I'd prefer some hard research, not theory and not just "Are you crazy? Of course you're wrong!"
But has it been proven that herd immunity works for flu shots?
Influenza mutates fast. As other posters have noted, this year's flu shots are a guess about what last year's strain will evolve into, and to keep costs down, it's a matter of "well it could evolve into this, this or this, but only this one seems to be dangerous".
I've had flu shots for 8 years as a teacher, and I've gotten plenty of flu. Instead of calling us ignorant bible-thumpers (I'm humanist/agnostic-leaning-towards-athiest actually), how about ponying up the evidence?
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof - which usually means that I'd have to prove flu shots are ineffective. But when billions are spent per year on flu shots, and qualified professionals are fired because they express skepticism, it is suddenly the medical profession making extraordinary claims. "All this expense and disruption is necessary." Show me some evidence.
Oh god. MOD POINTS. I require mod points now.
Seriously, is there a reason why we think it's appropriate to fire/force someone to take an injection, when the simpler answer is for employers to stop being arses about people staying home ill?
Flu immunisation may/may not shorten exposure time (I want to see an experiment, damnit), but staying home reduces that exposure to 0.
Yes, and the rest of the world almost unilaterally switched to metric/SI YEARS AGO!!! So on one hand you'r arguing that we should have consistency globally, and on the other hand you're saying " 'Merica is big enough that we don't have to."
That's the problem Australia had with our rail system. Along the East coast, we used to have three different widths. One in Victoria/SouthAustralia, another in NSW, and a third in Queensland. You'd have to stop in Brisbane and switch trains/gauges to continue any further.
As a Canadian who has ordered beer in most of the provinces, I can confirm that we order it in pints.
And that's OK. because it's a set size and it's not something that further conversion is going to be done on. You are never going to have to know how many mL of beer you just received.
Same here in Australia. A more useful measure is "standard drinks" - i.e. how many of these will put me over the legal limit?
But it usually works out to: 1 pint = you're okay. More than 1 pint = call a taxi.
Australia is metric, and as most people know, we're pretty keen on our beer (4th largest per-capita consumption according to Wikipedia). So instead of ordering a specific measure of ale, you order a specific sized glass of ale.
Pot = 285ml
Stubby (bottle) = 375ml
Schooner = 425ml
Pint glass = 568ml
Longneck (bottle) = 750ml
Now the thing is that I had to look these measurements up. All you really need to know is which is bigger.:D
In Australia, this desire to make comparisons easier has taken an extra step forward. Supermarkets and shops are now REQUIRED to express all prices in a common unit for similar items.
E.g. toiletpaper $/100 sheets, pasta $/100g.
The human body is most comfortable at whatever air temperature you were raised in. The core temperature should be 37 degrees C, but the body produces heat that must be lost to it's surroundings, either passively, or through evaporative cooling (i.e. perspiration). Most people are comfortable at temperatures 5 to 20 degrees below 37, but other people love hot weather.
People can and do live in areas where the air temperature goes over 37 degrees and survive quite well as long as they keep hydrated.
As for core body temperature, if it rises or falls by as little as 1 degree celcius, you're facing a severe medical emergency. If it goes up by 2 degrees, you're looking at potential brain damage.
The original definition of meter is the distance from the North Pole, to the equator, through Paris = 10 million meters. (Hmm, wonder why they chose that location.)
As someone has pointed out, that's okay when you're measuring roads and buildings, but pretty poor for more accurate measurements due to the Earth being elipsoid and geologically active. Which is why we've converted to the wavelength measurement mentioned by hawguy below.
The advantage of knowing this original definition is that it gives you the circumference of the Earth = 40 000 km.
Earth's Radius = 20 000km/pi.
Nautical mile = 40 000km/360.
Also, it's easier to handle and measure a liquid than it is a gas or solid.
With gases, you have to contain them, as well as get their pressures spot on (which becomes another measurement problem).
With solids, it's hard to divide them up.
In Australia, I usually assume my average road speed is 90km/h (100km/h on highway, 60km/h through all the little towns that get in the way).
So when I convert, I either do as mentioned by hawguy for long distances (900km = 10 hours) OR I multiply by 2/3 for the number of minutes. (50 km ~ 33 minutes).
Actually, I double, then divide by three.
During university I was on Austudy (Which is the Australian Dole for Students) while trying to work a little to get some extra spending cash.
Sure, every $1 you earnt lost you 50c of Austudy, but once your living costs are met, the rest of what you earn is discretionary funds - the remaining 50c is more valuable because you're free to spend it on what you want.
That wasn't the issue. The issue was back then, that on every second Thursday you had to physically go into a CentreLink office to fill out a form saying "Yes, I earned this much money this fortnight in my part-time job." and then spend a few hours (kid you not) waiting in line to submit the form. Some CentreLink offices on their own initiative would send out an office worker to collect all the forms from the people in the line, but this wasn't government policy.
You couldn't submit early, and if you submitted a late, "Oh that's okay, you'll still get your benefits, but we'll have to pay them to you next fortnight." Not feasible when basic support was what you were trying to live on.
In effect, the entire system discouraged you from looking for additional part-time work.
True. I was using KDE3, and then KDE4 came out... with all the nicest usability features removed. "Uh, I don't think so Tim." and became a Gnome2/Compiz user. Then they "modernised" Gnome to Gnome 3. "Aaaaagghhhh". Didn't update my computer for a year, which is ages for me. Thankfully KDE has listened enough to users to re-implement some of my favourite features (desktop folder view specifically) and I'm now back on KDE. Just wish panel icons were dragable by default, rather than having to enter panel settings first, and that I could drop and drag from menu favourites directly into the panel. Have tried some lighter desktops but I do admit I like my wibbly windows too much.:D
Not to mention that in new "cleaner" code, they have to go and rediscover all the edge cases again. Which of course means the code starts clean and then quickly gets messy, prompting calls to clean up the new code by rewriting everything again.
Wash, rinse, repeat.
* Enlightenment 16 and 17
* Gimp and GEGL
* oss, alsa, jack, esd and pulseaudio
* KDE 3 to KDE 4
* Gnome 2 to Gnome 3
I.e. lots of promise and hype, then a looooong time before the new version becomes "useable", if at all.
I now tend to automatically roll my eyes whenever I hear an opensource community mention "rewrite" or "replacement".
Can't give you links, but examples of his ass-ery were:
- strongly supporting the Nazi Party prior to WWII
- abused and severely underpaid his animators, and fired them if they tried to unionize.
Here here. I'm reminded of the Seinfeld episode where he pointed out that Helmet Laws were specifically designed to protect brains so defective, they won't protect themselves.
Slashdot Mirror
True, it probably was a cold and not a flu, but it was very nasty (1 1/2 weeks off) and happened pretty quickly after the flu shot. Which happens 2/3 of the time I get a flu shot. Like within 2-5 days!
So the posibilities are:
1. Coincidence. I was already ill and by coincidence I got the shot just before the symptoms appeared. (I estimate 50% probability)
2. It was a cold and I was going to get it anyway, but I reduced my chances of getting a nasty strain of flu. (25% probability because it happened so quickly after the shot.)
3. The flu shot enhances my susceptibility to colds? (25% probability?)
It's the last one I'd like to see some research on, because there is a lot of anecdotal evidence that the flu shot "causes flu". Now normally anecdotal evidence means bupkis, but this much suggests that it should be researched. Assume that people have mislabelled colds as flu, the question becomes "Does flu vaccination have a short-term effect on cold virus susceptibility"?
I've googled, and I find plenty of research on flu shot (not) causing flu. And I've also seen plenty of medical professionals stating "of course it can't increase your chance of getting a cold", but I haven't found any actually cited research, which suggests to me that people have just assumed the answer and not actually examined it experimentally. If there is some research that you are aware of, could you provide some links or good google search terms (because I've already tried several)? If I am wrong (which god knows happens a fair bit), I'd like to correct that, but I'd prefer some hard research, not theory and not just "Are you crazy? Of course you're wrong!"
Hah! First post on the entire page to provide some evidence! Sheesh.
But has it been proven that herd immunity works for flu shots?
Influenza mutates fast. As other posters have noted, this year's flu shots are a guess about what last year's strain will evolve into, and to keep costs down, it's a matter of "well it could evolve into this, this or this, but only this one seems to be dangerous".
I've had flu shots for 8 years as a teacher, and I've gotten plenty of flu. Instead of calling us ignorant bible-thumpers (I'm humanist/agnostic-leaning-towards-athiest actually), how about ponying up the evidence?
Extraordinary claims require extraordinary proof - which usually means that I'd have to prove flu shots are ineffective. But when billions are spent per year on flu shots, and qualified professionals are fired because they express skepticism, it is suddenly the medical profession making extraordinary claims. "All this expense and disruption is necessary." Show me some evidence.
Oh god. MOD POINTS. I require mod points now.
Seriously, is there a reason why we think it's appropriate to fire/force someone to take an injection, when the simpler answer is for employers to stop being arses about people staying home ill?
Flu immunisation may/may not shorten exposure time (I want to see an experiment, damnit), but staying home reduces that exposure to 0.
Until space ships explode on launch, or use lithiographic braking at the destination.
Yes, and the rest of the world almost unilaterally switched to metric/SI YEARS AGO!!!
So on one hand you'r arguing that we should have consistency globally, and on the other hand you're saying " 'Merica is big enough that we don't have to."
That's the problem Australia had with our rail system. Along the East coast, we used to have three different widths. One in Victoria/SouthAustralia, another in NSW, and a third in Queensland. You'd have to stop in Brisbane and switch trains/gauges to continue any further.
"Distance" or "Klicks" for distance?
"Fuel Efficiency" for fuel rates?
As a Canadian who has ordered beer in most of the provinces, I can confirm that we order it in pints.
And that's OK. because it's a set size and it's not something that further conversion is going to be done on. You are never going to have to know how many mL of beer you just received.
Same here in Australia. A more useful measure is "standard drinks" - i.e. how many of these will put me over the legal limit?
But it usually works out to: 1 pint = you're okay. More than 1 pint = call a taxi.
Australia is metric, and as most people know, we're pretty keen on our beer (4th largest per-capita consumption according to Wikipedia). So instead of ordering a specific measure of ale, you order a specific sized glass of ale.
:D
Pot = 285ml
Stubby (bottle) = 375ml
Schooner = 425ml
Pint glass = 568ml
Longneck (bottle) = 750ml
Now the thing is that I had to look these measurements up. All you really need to know is which is bigger.
In Australia, this desire to make comparisons easier has taken an extra step forward. Supermarkets and shops are now REQUIRED to express all prices in a common unit for similar items.
E.g. toiletpaper $/100 sheets, pasta $/100g.
The human body is most comfortable at whatever air temperature you were raised in. The core temperature should be 37 degrees C, but the body produces heat that must be lost to it's surroundings, either passively, or through evaporative cooling (i.e. perspiration). Most people are comfortable at temperatures 5 to 20 degrees below 37, but other people love hot weather.
People can and do live in areas where the air temperature goes over 37 degrees and survive quite well as long as they keep hydrated.
As for core body temperature, if it rises or falls by as little as 1 degree celcius, you're facing a severe medical emergency. If it goes up by 2 degrees, you're looking at potential brain damage.
The original definition of meter is the distance from the North Pole, to the equator, through Paris = 10 million meters. (Hmm, wonder why they chose that location.)
As someone has pointed out, that's okay when you're measuring roads and buildings, but pretty poor for more accurate measurements due to the Earth being elipsoid and geologically active.
Which is why we've converted to the wavelength measurement mentioned by hawguy below.
The advantage of knowing this original definition is that it gives you the circumference of the Earth = 40 000 km.
Earth's Radius = 20 000km/pi.
Nautical mile = 40 000km/360.
Also, it's easier to handle and measure a liquid than it is a gas or solid. With gases, you have to contain them, as well as get their pressures spot on (which becomes another measurement problem). With solids, it's hard to divide them up.
Radians are used because when you do calculus on the trig functions, they behave more sensibly.
In radians:
d/dx sin(x) = cos(x)
d/dx cos(x) = -sin(x)
Also, complex numbers can be written in two forms:
a e^(ix) = acos(x) + i sin(x)
but only if x is in radians.
In Australia, I usually assume my average road speed is 90km/h (100km/h on highway, 60km/h through all the little towns that get in the way). So when I convert, I either do as mentioned by hawguy for long distances (900km = 10 hours) OR I multiply by 2/3 for the number of minutes. (50 km ~ 33 minutes). Actually, I double, then divide by three.
You still have asphalt? Ours started running off the road ... then caught fire.
During university I was on Austudy (Which is the Australian Dole for Students) while trying to work a little to get some extra spending cash.
Sure, every $1 you earnt lost you 50c of Austudy, but once your living costs are met, the rest of what you earn is discretionary funds - the remaining 50c is more valuable because you're free to spend it on what you want.
That wasn't the issue. The issue was back then, that on every second Thursday you had to physically go into a CentreLink office to fill out a form saying "Yes, I earned this much money this fortnight in my part-time job." and then spend a few hours (kid you not) waiting in line to submit the form. Some CentreLink offices on their own initiative would send out an office worker to collect all the forms from the people in the line, but this wasn't government policy. You couldn't submit early, and if you submitted a late, "Oh that's okay, you'll still get your benefits, but we'll have to pay them to you next fortnight." Not feasible when basic support was what you were trying to live on.
In effect, the entire system discouraged you from looking for additional part-time work.
Posting to remove a mistaken moderation. :(
True. I was using KDE3, and then KDE4 came out ... with all the nicest usability features removed. "Uh, I don't think so Tim." and became a Gnome2/Compiz user. Then they "modernised" Gnome to Gnome 3. "Aaaaagghhhh". :D
Didn't update my computer for a year, which is ages for me.
Thankfully KDE has listened enough to users to re-implement some of my favourite features (desktop folder view specifically) and I'm now back on KDE. Just wish panel icons were dragable by default, rather than having to enter panel settings first, and that I could drop and drag from menu favourites directly into the panel.
Have tried some lighter desktops but I do admit I like my wibbly windows too much.
Not to mention that in new "cleaner" code, they have to go and rediscover all the edge cases again. Which of course means the code starts clean and then quickly gets messy, prompting calls to clean up the new code by rewriting everything again.
Wash, rinse, repeat.
*sighs*
I hope this doesn't end up like:
* Enlightenment 16 and 17
* Gimp and GEGL
* oss, alsa, jack, esd and pulseaudio
* KDE 3 to KDE 4
* Gnome 2 to Gnome 3
I.e. lots of promise and hype, then a looooong time before the new version becomes "useable", if at all.
I now tend to automatically roll my eyes whenever I hear an opensource community mention "rewrite" or "replacement".
Can't give you links, but examples of his ass-ery were:
- strongly supporting the Nazi Party prior to WWII
- abused and severely underpaid his animators, and fired them if they tried to unionize.
Here here. I'm reminded of the Seinfeld episode where he pointed out that Helmet Laws were specifically designed to protect brains so defective, they won't protect themselves.
Yup, me to. Funny, huh? :D